Course Overview. Course Description Estimated Length: 1 hour. Audience: Supervisors/Managers/C onstruction Workers.

Transcription

1 Course Overview Health Hazards in Construction Course Description This Course will cover OSHA standards for: MDA hazards. Lead hazards. Process Safety Management. Hazardous Waste Operations and Emergency Response. Design/Construction of Spray Booths.

2 Course Overview Course Description Estimated Length: 1 hour. Audience: Supervisors/Managers/C onstruction Workers.

3 Course Overview Course Objective Upon Completion the Student Should: Be able to identify general health hazards and requirements associated with methylenedianaline, lead, process safety management, hazardous waste operations, spray booth construction, and know general requirements for DOT markings, placards and labels.

4 Course Overview References Primary Reference: 29 CFR 1926, Subpart D, Health Hazards in Construction.

5 Course Overview Get Site-Specific Training This Training Course: Provides basic occupational safety and health information. Is not a substitute for knowledge of OSHA or other standards. Is not a substitute for specific, hands-on training and information.

6 Methylenedianiline MDA Standard Scope: Fed OSHA Standard published in Control occupational exposure to 4,4 Methylenedianiline. Covers exposure to MDA in construction and general industry. Other states have followed Federal OSHA s lead.

7 Methylenedianiline MDA Physical Properties: Light brown crystalline solid chemical compound. Faint odor. Resembles a liquid or hard wax in its crude form. Generally light yellow or white. 98% of MDA is used to make products such as polyurethane foams, paints, thermoplastic resins, adhesives, sealants and spandex fibers.

8 Methylenedianiline MDA Exposure MDA can be: Inhaled. Passed through skin. Accidentally ingested. Short-term exposure my produce: Fever, chills. Loss of appetite, vomiting, jaundice. Long term overexposure may cause cancer as well as damage to liver, kidneys, blood, and spleen.

9 Methylenedianiline MSDS Check: Worksite hazardous substances. Access to MSDS s readily available. Labels on containers and signs in the work area.

10 Methylenedianiline MDA on Worksite If MDA on Worksite: Employer must conduct exposure monitoring and possibly medical surveillance. OSHA standard specifies certain actions.

11 Methylenedianiline Regulated Areas Regulated Areas: Must be established where airborne concentrations exceed the Permissible Exposure Level of 10 parts per billion. Only authorized personnel may enter Regulated Areas and only with PPE.

12 Methylenedianiline Engineering and Work Practice Controls Controls must be instituted where feasible: Engineering controls. Work practice controls.

13 Methylenedianiline Engineering and Work Practice Controls These Controls Include: Engineering: Ventilation Isolation and Enclosures Work Practice Controls: Housekeeping Training, Off hours work (i.e. weekends)

14 Methylenedianiline Training Exposure to MDA Requires Training: Information on MDA hazards. How to minimize exposure. Proper use of PPE Medical exam procedures. Work practices. Engineering controls.

15 Lead Lead: CFR Common Occupational Exposures to Lead in Construction: Plumbing system retrofits, Spraying, removal, or heating of paint that contains lead; Welding, cutting and grinding of lead containing construction materials.

16 Lead Lead Exposures Exposure to Lead: Affects workers as well as family members and friends. Take home lead on clothing, hair, hands Toxic effects of lead include: Damage to the kidneys, brain, and reproductive organs. Loss of kidney function, decreased fertility or sterility, and birth defects and mental retardation in offspring.

17 Lead Lead Standard Because lead exposure is serious with life threatening health effects. Laws and regulations have been enacted. Before engaging in lead work employer must be thoroughly knowledgeable about the requirements of the Lead Standard.

18 Lead Exposure Levels OSHA specified: PEL = 50 ug/m3 Action limit = 30 ug/m3 as 8 hour time weighted average (TWA). Initial assessment to include air monitoring. Continued monitoring required if exposure at or above action level.

19 Lead Employee Notification Employees should be notified: Of results of exposure assessment in writing. Of corrective methods planned to reduce exposures if the results at or above the PEL. Employees have the right to observe monitoring and results.

20 Lead Medical Surveillance Program Exposures Above Action Level: Require complete baseline medical examination, which should be made available to all employees with potential for lead exposure.

21 Lead Medical Surveillance Designed to: Evaluate employees overall health. Risk of lead exposure. Tests include: Blood lead monitoring, reflex and motor response. Breathing function. Other tests.

22 Lead Medical Removal Elevated blood lead levels require medical removal from exposure and medical treatment. Employee may return to former job status when final medical determination indicates safe for employee.

23 Lead Information and Training Employees Potentially Exposed to Lead: Must receive information and training about lead hazards and safe work practices. Training must be performed prior to initial job assignment.

24 Lead Information and Training Training Topics: The content of the OSHA standard. Operations which could result in exposure above action level. Purpose, selection, fitting, use, and limitations of respirators. Purpose/description of medical surveillance program. Appropriate engineering and work practice controls. Contents of any compliance plan in effect. Employee's right of access to records and more.

25 Lead Information and Training Signs Posted: Warning Lead work area: Poison No smoking or eating

26 Lead Written Compliance Program The Compliance Program: Details how lead exposures will be controlled. Required prior to each job where exposures exceeds the PEL. Revised and updated as necessary and at least every 6 months.

27 Lead Controls The OSHA Standard Requires: Feasible engineering and work practice controls. Implemented to maintain employee exposure to lead below the PEL. Have been shown to be effective in a wide range of construction activities.

28 Lead Engineering Controls Engineering Controls Include: Mechanical ventilation: Performance evaluated to maintain effectiveness. Isolation Substitution Change of process. Wet Methods.

29 Lead Work Practice Controls Include: Housekeeping requirements. Remove accumulations of lead frequently. Special equipment vacuums w/ (HEPA) filters.

30 Lead Hygiene and Administrative Controls Controls Include: Clean change, wash, shower, lunchroom, break areas. Job rotation schedules. Creative methods to minimize exposures. Effective supervision.

31 Lead PPE OSHA standard specifies: Respirator and protective clothing: When engineering and work practice controls are not sufficient to reduce exposures to or below the PEL and in other cases. Requirements for respirator selection, hygiene, and other PPE.

32 Records Records Must Be Maintained By Employer: Air monitoring Blood lead and related medical tests Medical removal Maintained and preserved Available to employees, former employees, their designated representatives and OSHA. Lead

33 Lead State Requirements Certain states have more stringent lead requirements: For more information contact your local state OSHA office.

34 Process Safety Management Process Safety Management(PSM) Standard Intent: Prevent release of Highly Hazardous Chemicals (HHC s): Toxic Reactive Flammable Explosive

35 Process Safety Management Process Safety Management(PSM) Standard Purpose of PSM This section contains requirements for preventing/minimizing effects of releases, which may result in toxic, fire, or explosion hazards.

36 Process Safety Management Process Safety Management(PSM) Standard Definition A Process: Any activity or combination of activities including any use, storage, manufacturing, handling or the on-site movement of HHC's. Includes any group of vessels which are interconnected and separate vessels that could potentially release an HHC.

37 Process Safety Management Process Safety Management(PSM) Standard Application The Standard Applies To: Process which contains a threshold quantity or greater amount of a toxic or reactive HHC. 10,000 pounds or greater amounts of flammable liquids and gases. Manufacturing explosives and pyrotechnics.

38 Process Safety Management Process Safety Management(PSM) Standard Exceptions Include: Retail facilities. Normally unoccupied remote facilities. Oil or gas well drilling or servicing activities. Some use of Hydrocarbon fuels. Some storage and transfer of flammable liquids.

39 Process Safety Management Process Safety Information Written Process Safety Information (PSI): Hazard information on HHC's. Technology information. Equipment information on covered processes.

40 Process Safety Management Employee Involvement Written Plan Provides For: Employee participation in the Process Management. Employee input in development of process hazard analyses (PHA s). Employee(and representative) access to PHA s. Includes work site and contractor employees.

41 Process Safety Management Process Hazard Analysis Guidelines: Process Hazard Analysis (PHA's) must be conducted as soon as possible for each covered process. Using compiled Process Safety Information.

42 Process Safety Management. Operating Procedures Operating Procedures in Writing and Provide: Clear instructions for safely. Safety for operating phase, operating limits, and safety and health considerations. Readily accessible. Reviewed as required. Implement safe work practices.

43 Process Safety Management Training Employees Must Be Trained In: Overview of the process and in the operating procedures. Specific safety and health hazards, emergency operations, and safe work practices. Initial training before assignment. Refresher training.

44 Process Safety Management Contractors This Program Identifies: Responsibilities of site and contract employers. Contract employers to train employees, and to document training.

45 Process Safety Management Contractors Contractors Are Also Responsible: To assure employees know about; Process hazards. Emergency action plan. Safely rules of facility. Contractors must also: Advise worksite employer of hazards in contract work.

46 Process Safety Management Pre-startup Safety Review Pre-startup Safety Review Mandates That: Safety review for new facilities and significantly modified work sites to assure procedures are in place and training completed. PHA for new facilities and recommendations resolved and implemented before start up.

47 Process Safety Management Mechanical Integrity Requirements: On-site employer to establish/implement written procedures for the ongoing integrity of process equipment. Particular attention to components which contain and control a covered process.

48 Process Safety Management Hot Work Hot Work Permits: Welding, soldering, cutting, brazing, spark producing work. Hot Work Permit must be issued for hot work operations conducted on or near a covered process.

49 Process Safety Management Management of Change. Written Procedures: To manage work site employer and contract employers to inform and train their affected employees on the changes prior to start-up. Process safety information and operating procedures updated as necessary.

50 Process Safety Management Incident Investigation Requires Employers: Investigate ASAP (48 hours) incidents which did or could have resulted in catastrophic releases of covered chemicals. Investigation team. Written report. Retain reports for 5 years.

51 Process Safety Management Emergency Planning and Response Requires employer: To develop and implement an emergency action plan. Plan must include procedures for handling small releases.

52 Process Safety Management Compliance Audits Calls For Employers to Certify: That they have evaluated compliance with process safety requirements at least every three years. Prompt response to audit findings. Documentation of correction. Retain two most recent reports.

53 HAZWOPER Scope The Regulation Covers: Clean up operations at uncontrolled hazardous waste sites. RCRA corrective clean up actions.

54 HAZWOPER Scope - 2 The Regulation Also Covers: Voluntary clean-up operations at recognized hazardous waste sites. Treatment, storage and disposal facilities licensed under RCRA. Emergency response for release of hazardous substances.

55 HAZWOPER General General Requirements Include: 1. A Safety and Health Program. 2. Evaluation of the site's characteristics. 3. A Site Control Program to protect employees against hazardous contamination of employees.

56 HAZWOPER Training Training is Required: Before employees are allowed to engage in hazardous waste operations or emergency response. Specific training requirements for specific roles. Certification required upon completion of training.

57 HAZWOPER Training Requirements Vary: Most employees required to complete 40 hr initial training class followed by 3 days on the job training. Other workers 24 hour class. Annual refresher training is required. Supervisors and managers required to complete 8 hour course.

58 HAZWOPER Training Emergency Response: To a hazardous situation is a real possibility. OSHA requires for employees who are engaged in responding to hazardous emergency situations be trained in how to respond to such expected emergencies. Annual refresher training or a demonstration of competency is required at least yearly.

59 HAZWOPER Training Emergency Response Five Basic Levels: First responders "awareness level". First responders "operations level. Hazardous materials technicians. Hazardous materials specialists. On-scene incident commanders.

60 HAZWOPER Medical Surveillance Medical Surveillance: Required at least annually for most employees and at the end of employment. Also required when worker exposed by unexpected or emergency releases.

61 HAZWOPER Controls Three Methods: Any or all of these methods must be implemented to reduce exposure below established levels: Engineering Work Practices PPE

62 HAZWOPER Air Monitoring Periodic Air Monitoring: To identify and quantify levels of hazardous substances to which employees may be exposed. Assure proper PPE.

63 HAZWOPER Informational Program The Program Must: Include names of key personnel and their alternates responsible for site safety and health. List requirements of the standard.

64 HAZWOPER Decontamination Decontamination Procedures: Must be implemented for personnel or equipment before leaving site. To minimize exposure. With showers and change rooms where needed.

65 HAZWOPER Emergency Response Plan On-site Emergencies: Personnel roles Lines of authority Training and communications Emergency recognition and prevention Safe places of refuge Site security Evacuation routes and procedures Emergency medical treatment Emergency alerting

66 HAZWOPER Off-site Emergency Response Plan Plan Must Be In Place: To better coordinate communication and emergency response action by the local services (i.e. fire, haz mat, police). Implement appropriate control action to prevent escalation of a potential release or threatened release.

67 Spray Booths Construction of Spray Booths Spray Booths Must Be: Substantially constructed of steel, securely and rigidly supported, or of concrete or masonry. Aluminum or other noncombustible material may be used for intermittent/low volume spraying. Designed to sweep air currents toward the exhaust outlet.

68 Spray Booths Major Elements of Standard They include: Electrical and other sources of ignition. Ventilation. Fixed electrostatic apparatus. Electrostatic hand spraying equipment. Drying, curing, or fusion apparatus.

69 Spray Booths Sources Of Ignition Standard Requires: Separated from ignition sources: minimum 20 ft. Control of hot surfaces: Space-heating appliances, steam pipes, combustible residues, deposits. Wiring conformance (Class I, Group D, explosion proof) for electric/portable lamps. Grounding: all metal parts of spray booths, exhaust ducts, piping systems conveying flammable or combustible liquids, aerated solids.

70 Spray Booths Ventilation All Spraying Areas: Shall be provided with mechanical ventilation adequate to remove flammable vapors, mists or powders to a safe location. General requirements include: Independent exhaust. Fan-rotating element. And requirements for electric motors.

71 Spray Booths Ventilation Other Requirements For: Belts Exhaust ducts Air exhaust Access doors Room intakes Drying spaces ventilation

72 Spray Booths Fixed Electrostatic Apparatus This Requirement Specifies: Type approval Location of electrical supply and equipment. Support of Electrodes. Insulators Grounding

73 Electrostatic Apparatus Other Requirements Involve: Safe distances Conveyors Prohibition Fail-safe controls Guarding Ventilation Fire protection Spray Booths

74 Spray Booths Electrostatic Hand Spraying Equipment Application Equipment approval and specifications. Electrical support equipment Spray gun ground Grounding-general Maintenance of grounds Interlocks Ventilation

75 Spray Booths Drying, Curing, or Fusion Apparatus Regulation Specifies Requirements For: Drying, curing, or fusion apparatus. Restrictions and prohibitions. Adjacent system interlock. Alternate uses.

76 DOT Markings, Placards and Labels DOT Hazardous Materials 49 CFR Parts 171 Through 180: Employer receives package, freight container, rail freight car, motor vehicle, transport vehicle of hazardous material which is required to be marked, labeled or placarded in accordance with this regulation must retain: Markings, labels, placards on package, etc. Until packaging sufficiently cleaned of residue, Purged of vapors to remove potential hazards.

77 DOT Markings, Placards and Labels DOT Markings Markings: Maintained in a manner that ensures they are readily visible. Non-bulk packages which will not be reshipped may follow provisions of Hazard Communication Standard (29 CFR ).

78 Summary Summary We have reviewed: Subpart D - Occupational Health and Environmental Controls. Talk with your supervisor and safety officer. Report injuries, unsafe conditions, and work practices. Anticipate, recognize, evaluate, and control hazards.