MULTISCALE REFRACTOMETER

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1 MULTISCALE REFRACTOMETER Series 3 This manual should be available for all users of these equipments. To get the best results and a higher duration of this equipment it is advisable to read carefully this manual and follow the processes of use. Revisión 5 de 3-5 Manual 53XXXX Pág. 1

2 Thank you for choosing this equipment. We sincerely wish that you enjoy your equipo-marca-modelo. We highly recommend looking after this equipment according to what is stated in this manual. Zuzi develops its products according to the CE marking regulations as well as emphasizing the ergonomics and security for its user. The correct using of the equipment and its good quality will permit you to enjoy this equipment for years. The improper use of the equipment can cause accidents and electric discharges, circuit breakers, fires, damages, etc. Please read the point of Maintenance, where we expose the security notes. TO GET THE BEST RESULTS AND A HIGHER DURATION OF THE EQUIPMENT IT IS ADVI- SABLE TO READ THOROUGHLY THIS MANUAL BEFORE OPERATING WITH THE EQUIPMENT. Please bear in mind the following: This manual is inseparable from the hand refractometer, so it should be available for all the users of this equipment. You should carefully handle the equipment avoiding sudden movements, knocks, free fall of heavy / sharp objects on it. Avoid spilling liquids inside the equipment. Never dismantle the different pieces of the refractometer to repair it yourself, since it could produce a defective use of the whole equipment and a loss of the product warranty, as well as injuries on people that handle the equipment. To prevent fire or electric discharges avoid dry or dusty environments. In case it may happen unplug the equipment immediately. If you have any doubt about setting up, installation or functioning do not hesitate in contacting your wholesaler. You can also tell us any doubts or suggestions you have by contacting Zuzi Technical Assistance Department by to asistencia@auxilab.es or by telephone: (,3 Euros/min). This equipment is protected under the Warranties and consumer goods regulation (1/23). Overhaul is not covered by the refractometer s warranty. Version Manual 53XXXX Page 17

3 Operations made by non-qualified staff will automatically produce a loss of the equipment s warranty. Accessories (including their loss), are not covered by the product's warranty. The warranty neither covers piece's deterioration due to the course of time. ATTENTION!! IF EQUIPMENTS ARE NOT PROPERLY CLEAN AND DISINFECTED THEY WOULD NOT BE ALLOWED TO REPAIR BY OUR TECHNICAL SERVICE. INDEX OF CONTENTS 1. PRINCIPLES OF REFRACTOMETRY 2. APPLICATIONS OF THE INSTRUMENT 3. TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS 4. DESCRIPTION 5. OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS 6. MAINTENANCE ANNEX I: CE CERTIFICATE ANNEX II: TABLE OF º BRIX CORRECTION/TEMPERATURE ANNEX III: TABLE OF UNIT CONVERSION 1. PRINCIPLES OF REFRACTOMETRY Refractometry When a light beam arrives to the surface of separation between two different environments, part of this light is reflected and the rest of it is refracted ( it goes in the second environment), and it propagates with a different angle and speed than in the first environment. These two magnitudes can be characterized by means of the Refractive index, that is a characteristic value for each substance Picture 1 incident ray I= incident angle r= refractive angle N= normal MEDIUM A MEDIUM B refracted angle Page 18 Manual 53XXXX Version 5 5-3

4 The refractive index is related to the mass, the load and the number of particles of the substance through which the light radiation is transmitted. There are different kinds of refractometers but most of them are based on the same principle. Refractometers are instruments that measure the refractive index. An example that explains clearly the phenomenon of refraction is what happens when we introduce a pencil into a glass filled with water: the part of the pencil that is dipped into the water seems to be bent with regards to the other part that is out of the water. This is the phenomenon of light refraction. If we submerge the pencil in hot sugar-saturated water the point of the pencil seems to be even more bent. Picture 2 The sample of liquid is placed on the refractive prism and then it is illuminated, with monochromatic light or natural light (white light). The light beam goes through the sample and the prism of diffraction, then in the eyepiece we can observe the prism surface up to find the boundary line ( the boundary line is the refracted ray coming from a ray that has incided with an angle of 9º with the normal). The reading is carried out dividing the field of the eyepiece in a dark zone and another light zone. The boundary line is going to determine both zones. All the refracted rays come from incident rays with an incident angle less than 9º. Picture 3 incident normal rays sample prism boundary line dark zone light zone Version Manual 53XXXX Page 19

5 Once the division of the eyepiece field has been made, we can read directly the value of the refractive index on the scale. Before making any reading, we have to calibrate the instrument with distilled water (refractive index 1). In order to do it we have to place a drop of distilled water on the prism of the refractometer and effect the reading and the correction if it is necessary with the screw of adjustment of the scale (See Specifications). The refractometer is an instrument that measure the concentration of aqueous solutions by measuring the refractive index. All aqueous solutions can be crossed by light. The path length is proportional to its concentration. Generally, the refractive index of a thicker transparent substance is higher than a less thick liquid, this is to say, the light speed is smaller in a substance with higher density. Then, if a ray incides in an oblique way on an environment with a higher refractive index, it will be deviated to the normal, whereas if it incides on an environment with a smaller refractive index, it will move away from it. The rays that incide on the direction of the normal are reflected and refracted in the same direction. Picture 4 2. APPLICATIONS OF THE INSTRUMENT Zuzi hand refractometers are very handy measuring instruments with which anyone can measure the concentration of an aqueous solution. They can be used for measurements on a broad range of samples such as : the sugar concentration of fruits, concentrated juices, condensed milk, carbonated beverages, grape wine, cutting oils, jam, egg yolk, proteins in serum, specific weight of urine, salt water, and so on. Thanks to its small size and easy handling, this instrument can be used by any person Page 2 Manual 53XXXX Version 5 5-3

6 (without previous experience), in any place, both in laboratories and outside, for fieldworks or everyday inspections. Below we are going to see some examples: Fruit producers: to know sugar concentration and determine its grade of ripeness. We can also find out the content of sugar in sugar plants. Food industries (sugar refineries, canning industries, distilleries, other beverage factories, honey producers, and so on): to carry out a standardization that makes possible to obtain mixtures with exact proportions in order to maintain the quality of the product and a strict quality control. Medical and veterinary applications (clinical laboratories, hospitals, veterinary clinics,...): to study the content of total proteins in blood, serum, plasma and urine. It is also used to determine the specific weight of urine, as well as to know the content of sugar in medicines such as syrups. Chemical industries: related to glass, perfumes, generally all kind of chemical factories, research institutes and laboratories of basic research. Oceanographic research (salinity refractometers): control of natural and artificial seawater, the cultivation of seafish and the investigation of fishing grounds. When you need to purchase one of these models of refractometers, it is advisable to consult the chart below and select the most suitable model depending on your necessities. In this table each model of refractometer is related to the approximate concentrations of several kinds of samples. 3. TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS Brix Refractometers Model 5311 This refractometer is used for samples with low concentration of dissolved solids (less than 1%), suitable for tomatoes, low concentrated juices and industrial cutting oils. The calibration is made adjusting to zero with distilled water. Version Manual 53XXXX Page 21

7 Range: - 1% Brix Minimum scale:.1 % Size: 27x4x21 mm Model It has the same characteristics as the previous model but it is equipped with Automatic Temperature Compensation. Model 5312 This refractometer is suitable for almost all fruits except for grape juice, the calibration is made adjusting to zero with distilled water. Range: - 18% Brix Minimum scale:.1 % Size: 27x4x19 mm Model 5313 This model of refractometer is commonly used for low concentrations in fruits, fruit juices, beverages, lactic products, industrial oils and so on. The calibration is made adjusting to zero with distilled water. Range: - 32% Brix Minimum scale:.2 % Size: 27x4x16 mm Model It has the same characteristics as the previous model but it is equipped with Automatic Temperature Compensation. Model 5314 This refractometer is used for mid-rangeconcentration samples such as concentrated fruit juices, jams, all canned goods-use sugar solution infusions, and so on. The calibration is made with a sugar solution in distilled water at 28%, to do it we have to weigh 28 grs. of sugar and pour them in a volumetric Page 22 Manual 53XXXX Version 5 5-3

8 flask of 1 ml (or other similar recipient) and finally fill it with distilled water up to 1 ml. Range: 28-62% Brix Minimum scale:.2 % Size: 27x4x148 mm Model 5315 This model is used for high concentrations such us condensed milk, liquid caramel, very concentrated juices, jams, and so on. The calibration is made with a sugar solution in distilled water at 45%, to do it we have to weigh 45 grs. of sugar and pour them in a volumetric flask of 1 ml (or a similar recipient) and then fill it with distilled water up to 1 ml. Range: 4-82% Brix Minimum scale:.5 % Size: 27x4x14 mm Model 5316 This model of refractometer is specially developed for the measuring of the three main indexes of honey: sugar concentration, Baume grades and content of water. The calibration is made with Monobromonaphtalene and a test piece (refractive index standard) that are supplied with the refractometer. In order to calibrate the refractometer, we have to place 1 or 2 drops of oil on the bright surface of the test piece. Then we have to open the cover plate, place the glass on the surface of the prism and close the cover plate. Keeping it pressed so that it can not slide down, we have to adjust the adjustment knob until the white/blue boundary line coincides with the reference line. To carry out common measurements we do not use the glass. We only have to place 1 or 2 drops of honey on the prism surface, then close the cover plate, look through the eyepiece and read the scale. Version Manual 53XXXX Page 23

9 Range: 58-9% Brix º Baume 12-27% Water Min. scale:.5 % Brix.5 º Baume.5% Water Size: 27x4x16 mm Model 5318 This refractometer has available a scale of -8% Brix, this wide scale allows to use it for a wide range of measurements. The boundary line of this model is white/blue. This refractometer is used for the measurements of all kind of samples such as: fruits, juices, beverages and even industrial cutting oils. Calibration will be made with distilled water. 8 8 Range: - 8% Brix Minimum scale: 1 % 5 5 Size: 27x4x16 mm Brix% 4 4 2ºC Salinity Refractometers Model 5321 High precision refractometer specially used for controlling saltwater concentration in natural or artificial seawater, sea products, and so on. It has available a scale for specific weight. 1 1 Range: - 1% Salt Minimum scale:.1 % Size: 27x4x19 mm Model It has the same characteristics as the previous model but it is equipped with Automatic Temperature Compensation. Model 5322 This refractometer is used to measure salt concentration in water, oceanography, aquariums, fishing grounds, and so on. Page 24 Manual 53XXXX Version 5 5-3

10 Range: - 28% Salt Minimum scale:.1 % Size: 27x4x16 mm Clinical Refractometers This model is provided with three different scales for: serum proteins, urine specific gravity and refractive index. The calibration is made with distilled water and the boundary line has to coincide with the value of the refractive index scale. Range: - 12 g/dl Serum proteins Specific gravity nd Minimum scale:.2 %.2.5 Size: 27x4x16 mm Model It has the same characteristics as the previous model but it is equipped with Automatic Temperature Compensation. Alcohol and wine Refractometers Model 5351 This refractometer is used for measuring the degree of alcohol in an aqueous solution, it can be used for wine and liquors taking into account other ingredients. Range: - 8% Alcohol Minimum scale: 1 % Size: 27x4x16 mm Model This model of refractometer measures the degree of alcohol of grape juice, allowing us to estimate the grade of ripeness of grapes before and during the grape harvest, with Automatic Temperature Compensation. Version Manual 53XXXX Page 25

11 APPROXIMATE VALUE DEGREE ALCOHOL Range: - 25% Alcohol -2ºBaumé -4% Brix Min. scale:.2 % Alcohol.2º Baume.2% Brix Size: 27x4x16 mm Baume % VOL % Brix Freezing and battery Refractometers Model 5341 This refractometer is used for measuring the freezing point of cooling systems based on ethylene glycol and propylene glycol, as well as for checking the strength of the electrolytic solutions of batteries. It is calibrated with distilled water. Range: 32-6 ºF s Minimum scale: 1 ºF.1 s Size: 27x4x16 mm Model 5343 This refractometer is used for measuring the freezing point of cooling systems based on ethylene glycol and propylene glycol, as well as for checking the strength of electrolytic solutions. Range: -5 a ºC s -4 a ºC cleaner Min. scale: 1 ºC.1 s 5ºC Size: 27x4x16 mm PROPYLENE GLYCOL F 32 RECHARGE FAIR GOOD BATTERY FLUID WATERLINE ANTIFREEZE ETHYLENE GLYCOL 1 2 F 32 M-1/MDT Refractometers Model This refractometer is developed for the measurement of M-1 and MDT: Measuring the concentration of weight percentage of the Page 26 Manual 53XXXX Version 5 5-3

12 two kinds of emulsion used for mining machinery. Range: -15% M-1/MDT Minimum scale:.5% Size: 27x4x16 mm M MDT Milk Refractometers Model 538 The refractometer can be used for checking wheter milk is added with water or not. Thanks to this, the staff for sampling and inspecting the milk does not need to send it for inspection, as it can be sampled and inspected on the spot. Calibration is made adting to zero with distilled water. 2 2 Range: -2% Minimum scale:.2% Size: 27x4x16 mm SAMPLE Milk 15ºC % CONCENTRATION orange, pear tomato apple, melon strawberry, peach grape FRUITS, concentrated FRUIT JUICES fruit juices SOFT DRINKS fruit juices tomato puree tomato juice carbonated beverages acidophilus beverages lactic beverages condensed milk FOODS liquid sugar yeast culture solutions grape wine peanut milk canned fruits egg yolk sauce, tomato ketchup milk jam, marmalade INDUSTRY cutting/quenching oil emulsifying solutions Version Manual 53XXXX Page 27

13 Automatic Temperature Compensation System (ATC) Thanks to the models that are equipped with automatic temperature compensation system (ATC) we do not need to consult to the chart for adjusting the measure to the working temperature, since the compensation is made automatically. This new system makes possible to be able to find out the concentration of a solution without taking into account the temperature. 4. DESCRIPTION Picture Prism 5.2 Cover plate 5.3 Zero Adjustment knob 5.4 Rubber grip 5.5 Dioptric adjusting ring 5.6 Eyepiece 5. OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS Take out the refractometer of its packing, removing all the protections. Open the cover plate (5.2) that covers the prism and clean both the cover plate and the prism (5.1) with alcohol and a soft cloth without fluffs, be careful not to scratch the prism surface. Direct the front part of the refractometer (5.1) towards a bright light and adjust the dioptric ring (5.5) until you can see the scale clearly. Place 1 or 2 drops of distilled water or of the test liquid to calibrate the equipment on the prism (6.2) and close the cover plate. Turning the adjustment knob (5.3) make the boundary line blue/white to coincide with "" if it is water and if it is a concentrated solution make it to coincide with its corresponding value. Open the cover plate again, clean and dry the prism (5.1) and the cover plate (5.2), then place 1 or 2 drops of the sample you want to measure, close the cover plate (5.2) and look through the eyepiece (5.6) reading directly the concentration on the scale(6.3). Page 28 Manual 53XXXX Version 5 5-3

14 Picture In order to get an easiest handling and avoid possible mistakes of reading, these refractometers are provided with the following improvements: - Dioptric adjusting ring (5.5), to get the highest focusing resolution. - High contrast of boundary lines (white/blue or white/orange), what allows an easier and more reliable reading, and at the same time it saves time. - Rubber hood: it prevents light from entering through the eyepiece during measurements, and it emphasizes the luminosity of the scale and the boundary line. - Rubber grip (5.4): Measuring results are greatly influenced by temperature changes. This rubber grip avoids that the user's body heat is transmitted to the sample. ( Except for Model 5318) - Zero adjustment knob (5.3), to calibrate the refractometer. With the enclosed charts (Annexes), you can turn the values of Brix grades into refractive indexes, as well as correct the temperature MAINTENANCE Hand Refractometers need the same maintenance as any other optical instrument. They must be always clean and they have to be placed in its box to avoid that dust settles on them. The user must never dismantle the lenses, if there would be any dirtiness on the outside surfaces of the lenses clean them with a soft cloth impregnated with xilol or toluene. To eliminate the dust settled on the lens, blow with a rubber pear or clean it with a small soft brush. For the cleaning of mechanical pieces use non-corrosive lubricants, being careful not to touch the optical pieces. Be careful not to knock the equipment or scratch the surface of the prism. Version Manual 53XXXX Page 29

15 ANNEX I: CE CERTIFICATE AUXILAB S.L. CE DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY ZUZI REFRACTOMETERS SERIES 3 of Auxilab, S.L. for the Directive of Machines (89/392/CEE modified) and the regulations adopted for their transposition NAME OF THE MANUFACTURER / IMPORTER: AUXILAB, S.L. ADDRESS: Polígono Morea Norte, Beriáin (Navarra) WE STATE THAT: HAND REFRACTOMETERS SERIES 3 MODELS 5311, 53111, 5312, 5313, 53113, 5314, 5315, 5316, 5318, 5321, 53211, 5322, 5331, 5332, 53312, 5351, 5352, 53515, 5341, 5343, and 538 Are designed and manufactured according to: Directive 89/392/CEE, including the modifications and the national regulations that transpose them. And that the following harmonized rules have been applied (or part of them): UNE 292-1, UNE 292-2/A1. BERIAIN 15th October 24 Signed by: ALFONSO AINCIBURU SANZ DIRECTOR/MANAGER Polígono Morea Norte, Beriain (España) Tel Fax Internet: correo@auxilab.es Page 3 Manual 53XXXX Version 5 5-3

16 ANNEXES ANNEX II: If your refractometer has not available the automatic compensation temperature use this chart to correct the results you obtain with respect to ambient temperature. To do it, localize the temperature in which you are working with the sample in the left column, and the most approximate percentage of solution (brix grades) in the upper line, once you have found out the value of correction you will have to add (Temperature higher than 2ºC) or substract (Temperature lower than 2ºC) this value of correction to the reading. Revisión 5 de 3-5 Manual 53XXXX Pág. 45

17 Pág. 46 Manual 53XXXX Revisión 5 de Correction values Solution percentage TEMPERATURE º C SUBSTRACT ADD UP CORRECTION CHART: Brix grades/temperature

18 ANNEX III: In this chart you will be able to find the equivalences among density, brix grades, Baumé grades and probable alcohol grades (in grape juice) referring to 2ºC. Densidad Baume Brix Alcohol Revisión 5 de 3-5 Manual 53XXXX Pág. 47

Operating manual Analogue Brix Refractometer

$Operating manual Analogue Brix Refractometer$ KERN & Sohn GmbH Ziegelei 1 D-72336 Balingen, Germany E-mail: info@kern-sohn.com Operating manual Analogue Brix Refractometer Tel: +49-[0]7433-9933-0 Fax: +49 (0)7433-9933-149 Internet: www.kern-sohn.com