Wave phenomena in a ripple tank
|
|
- Sherilyn Lindsey
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Wave phenomena in a ripple tank LEP Related topics Generation of surface waves, propagation of surface waves, reflection of waves, refraction of waves, Doppler Effect. Principle Water waves are generated by a mechanical oscillator. A circular wave pattern is used to investigate the dependency of the wave length on the oscillator s frequency and to demonstrate the Doppler effect. With the aid of plane waves the dependency of the waves velocity of propagation on the depth of the water can be investigated. Moreover, the reflection of waves as well as the refraction of waves can be illustrated at objects such as a plate, a prism, a concave lens and at a convex lens. Equipment Ripple tank with LED-light source, complete Ext. vibration generator for ripple tank Connecting cord, 32 A, 500 mm, red Connecting cord, 32 A, 500 mm, blue Demo set for ripple tank Software Measure Dynamics Tasks 1. Use the single wave exciter to generate circular waves. By using a ruler the wave length can be determined. The measurement is repeated for different frequencies. 2. The external vibration generator is connected to the ripple tank device and circular waves are generated. By moving the external vibration generator, the Doppler Effect is investigated. 3. Plane waves are generated by the integrated vibration generator. Place a plane plate in the bassin to create a zone of lower water depth and measure the wave length difference in front of and above the plate. 4. Observe the refraction of plane water waves at several objects (plate, prism, concave and convex plate). 5. By using two barriers and a concave / convex reflector show the reflection of water waves. Setup and Procedure Task 1: Dependence of wave length on frequency Set up the experiment as shown in Fig. 2. Mount the camera with its attachment to the drawing-table (Fig. 3), connect it to a computer and start the respective software. For further information about using the software, please refer to the operating instructions. Set the frequency f of the vibration generator (Fig. 4) to 15 Hz and select the amplitude in a way that a clear wave image can be seen on the drawing-table. You should also see the wave image in the display of your computer. Turn on stroboscope illumination to obtain a standing wave image. By placing a ruler on the drawing-table, measure the wave length l. (Note: one wave length includes one bright and one dark stripe.) To improve the measurement s accuracy, measure a large distance between two bright or between two dark stripes and then divide the measured value by the number of wave lengths n that are included in this interval. Repeat the measurement for three more frequencies between 20 and 30 Hz. Fig. 1: Overview of the experimental setup. PHYWE series of publications Laboratory Experiments Physics PHYWE SYSTEME GMBH & Co. KG D Göttingen P
2 LEP Wave phenomena in a ripple tank Write down the measured values and calculate the product c = l f. Before proceeding to Task 2, take a snapshot of a wave image with the ruler lying on the drawing-table. This picture is important for the calibration process in Task 2. Task 2: Doppler effect Mount the single wave exciter to the external vibration generator and connect it with two connecting cords to the ripple tank device. Since the integrated vibration generator is not needed in this experiment, unscrew its head and turn it to the side. Position the external vibration generator as shown in Fig. 5. Fig. 2: Arrangement for generating circular waves. Fig. 4: Keypad of the ripple tank device. Fig. 3: Ripple tank with attached camera. Fig. 5: Arrangement for demonstrating the Doppler effect. The external vibration generator with single wave exciter is placed to the rear of the ripple tank. 2 P PHYWE series of publications Laboratory Experiments Physics PHYWE SYSTEME GMBH & Co. KG D Göttingen
3 Wave phenomena in a ripple tank LEP Select a frequency f between 15 and 25 Hz that you have already used in Task 1 and the amplitude in a way that you can see a clear wave image. Move the vibration generator with a slow and nearly constant velocity in a sideway direction and observe the wave image. While moving the generator, take a snapshot of the wave image. Repeat this procedure with a faster movement of the vibration generator. Then start the PHYWE software MEASURE DYNAMICS. First, open the file of the wave image that you have taken in Task 1 (exciter at rest). Before you can use a picture for any measurements, you have to calibrate it. This is done by clicking on Measure S Scale S Calibration. For further information about the correct use of MEASURE DYNAMICS, please refer to the manual. Document the calibration data since these values are needed for any other picture that you will take with the camera. Then, open the first Doppler image and calibrate it as previously described. After the calibration, measure the wave length in front of (l 1 ) and behind (l 2 ) the single wave exciter with Ruler in the Measure -menu. In front of and behind the wave exciter is meant when looking in the direction of the movement. As in Task 1, measure a large distance between two bright or two dark stripes and then divide the measured value by the number of wave lengths n that are included in this interval. Note your values for f, l 0, l 1 and l 2, where l 0 is the wave length of the circular waves at frequency f without movement (Task 1). Proceed the same way with your second picture of the Doppler effect (faster movement). Disconnect the external vibration generator from the ripple tank device, turn the integrated vibration generator back to its starting-position and fix its head. Task 3: Dependence of wave velocity of propagation on water depth Replace the single wave exciter of the integrated vibration generator by the plane wave exciter. With the aid of the adjusting screws, adjust the wave tray horizontally to get the same water level all over the tray. Adjust the plane wave exciter in such a way, that it is exactly parallel to the water surface. This adjustment is important since otherwise no clear wave images of plane waves would be possible. Then, set up the experiment as shown in Fig. 6. The plane plate is used to create a zone of lower water depth. Make sure that it is covered completely with water. Select a frequency f of the vibration generator between 18 and 25 Hz and the amplitude so, that you can observe a clear wave pattern. Start the synchronised stroboscope illumination with a frequency difference f = 0. You will now see a standing wave image. Use the flask to suck out of the wave tray as much water as you see a remarkable change in the wave length l above the plane plate. Note: the plane plate must still be covered completely with water. Take a snapshot and use this image to measure the wave length in the deeper (l 0 ) and in the lower water (l 1 ) with MEA- SURE DYNAMICS the same way as you did in Task 1 and 2. Do not forget to calibrate the picture! Leave the plane plate in the wave tray. Task 4: Refraction of water waves In this task, you will investigate the refraction of water waves at several objects. First, set up the experiment as shown in Fig. 7. Make sure that the plane plate is still covered completely with water. Optionally, add two drops of washing-up liquid to the water in the wave tray. This might be helpful to achieve a complete covering of the objects. Fig. 6: Arrangement for demonstrating the dependence of the wave velocity of propagation on the depth of water. The plane waves that are generated by the plane wave exciter propagate also above the plate with altered wave length l 1. Fig. 7: Arrangement for demonstrating the refraction of water waves at a plane plate. The plane water waves that are generated by the plane wave exciter are refracted at the plane plate. On leaving the plane plate they are refracted back towards their initial direction. PHYWE series of publications Laboratory Experiments Physics PHYWE SYSTEME GMBH & Co. KG D Göttingen P
4 LEP Wave phenomena in a ripple tank Select a frequency f between 20 and 25 Hz and the amplitude so, that you can see a clear wave image. Turn on the stroboscope illumination and set the frequency difference f >0 to observe the propagation of the water waves in front of, above and behind the plane plate in slow motion. You should see the refraction of the water waves on entering and on leaving the plane plate (Fig. 7). Fig. 8: Arrangement for demonstrating the refraction of water waves at a prism. The plane waves that are generated by the plane wave exciter are refracted on entering the zone of lower water depth above the prism and are further refracted towards the same direction on leaving the prism. After that, remove the plane plate out of the water tray and use the prism to set up the experiment according to Fig. 8. Make sure, that the prism is completely covered with water. Use the same settings as above. Make sure, that you can see a clear wave image and the refraction on entering and on leaving the prism. Otherwise, it can be useful to change the amplitude. You should observe a wave image as shown in Fig. 8. Now, replace the prism by a convex plate to set up the experiment as shown in Fig. 9. Make sure, that the plate is covered completely with water. Select a frequency f between 15 and 25 Hz and the amplitude so, that you can see a clear wave image, which is similar to Fig. 9. Use continuous illumination or the stroboscope mode with f = 0. You should see the water waves running into a focus behind the plate. After that, replace the convex plate by a concave plate (Fig. 10) and repeat the experiment. Observe the refraction of the water waves on leaving the concave lens. You should see the divergent water waves behind the lens (Fig.10). Task 5: Reflection of water waves Use the 190 mm and the 71 mm barrier to set up the experiment as shown in Fig. 11. Select a frequency f between 20 and 25 Hz and the amplitude so, that you can see a clear wave image. The barrier shades the region S from the direct waves generated by the wave exciter so that the reflected waves exclusively can be observed in this region. First, observe the wave image for an angle of 45 between the plane reflector and the water waves (Fig. 11). Then, observe the wave image for different positions of the plane reflector. Fig. 9: Arrangement for demonstrating the refraction of water waves at a convex plate. The plane waves that are generated by the plane wave exciter are refracted at hte convex plate and run into a focus behind the plate. Fig. 10: Arrangement for demonstrating the refraction of water waves at a concave lens. The plane waves that are generated by the plane wave exciter are refracted at the concave lens and leave the lens as divergent waves. 4 P PHYWE series of publications Laboratory Experiments Physics PHYWE SYSTEME GMBH & Co. KG D Göttingen
5 Wave phenomena in a ripple tank LEP After that, remove the two barriers from the wave tray and use the concave reflector to set up the experiment as shown in Fig. 12. Generate a sequence of single plane waves by pushing the button Pulse at the keypad (cp. Fig. 4). With this method you can determine the focal point of the concave reflector. Use the camera to record this determination of the wave propagation. Then, run this video with MEASURE DYNAMICS and measure the distance l between the concave reflector and the focal point. Note: In this setup, continuously generated wave trains would result in a complex wave pattern where the original plane waves overlay the reflected waves running into focus. After that, make sure that the focus of the reflector is lying on the extension of the vibration generator s arm (cp. Fig. 12). Then, exchange the plane wave exciter for the single wave exciter and position it exactly at the focal point. Generate several single circular waves with Pulse and observe the wave image. Note By turning the concave reflector around it can be also used as a convex reflector. When using the convex reflector, you are able to observe that the plane waves are reflected as divergent circular waves after hitting the reflector. Theory and Evaluation Task 1: This experiment reveals two important issues: The higher the frequency f, the smaller the wave length l. The phase velocity of water waves c = l f is nearly constant. The same results occur when you are dealing with light waves. Therefore, water waves are particularly suitable for demonstrating the properties of light waves and waves in general. In theory of propagation of water waves, the following relation holds: v c k 3 c v k where v is the angular frequency, k is the wavenumber and c is the phase velocity. For v and k also the following is valid: v 2pf, k 2p l. On inserting these values into (1), one obtains the well-known formula c l f. Since we are dealing with water surface waves, the phase velocity c is also dependent on gravity, surface tension and water density. The respective relationship between these magnitudes is given by the dispersion relation v 2 gk sk3 r where g is the acceleration of gravity, s is the surface tension of water and r is the density of water. With (1), formula (4) leads to c 2 k 2 gk sk3 r 1 c 2 g k sk r 1 c 2 gl 2ps 2p lr. (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) Fig. 11: Arrangement for demonstrating the reflection of plane waves at plane barriers. The water waves that are generated by the plane wave exciter are partly shaded by the barrier in order to enable an observation of only those water waves that are reflected by the plane barrier. Fig. 12: Arrangement for demonstrating the reflection of plane waves at a concave reflector. The plane water waves that are generated by the plane wave exciter hit the concave reflector and are reflected as circular waves. These circular waves run into a focal point. PHYWE series of publications Laboratory Experiments Physics PHYWE SYSTEME GMBH & Co. KG D Göttingen P
6 LEP Wave phenomena in a ripple tank On inserting the values for the surface tension of water s = Nm -1 (20 C) and its density r =10 3 kgm -3, the acceleration of gravity g =9.81ms -2 and a measured wave length cm l =1.44 cm (20 Hz), one gets In a reference measurement, we got the following results (see table 1): By calculating the average value of l f, c results in c =0.281 ms -1. The deviation of the measured value from the theoretical value calculated above can be explained by the fact, that there is always an inaccuracy on measuring on the drawing-table due to the error in the projection of the wave image to the drawing-table. The wave image that appears on the paper of the drawing-table is enlarged compared to the real wave image in the wave tray. Task 2: It can be clearly seen that the waves emitted in the direction of the generator movement are shortened while the waves running in the opposite direction are lengthened. Perpendicular to the direction of movement the wavelength remains unchanged. This phenomenon can be explained by the following: A fixed wave generator, which vibrates with frequency f 0 emits a continuous wave train with wavelength l = c/f 0 (c = phase velocity of the wave in the medium). If the wave generator moves with velocity n, it travels a distance nt during the period T. The wavelength l 1 of the wave produced by the moved generator is shortened by this distance in front of the generator and is lengthened by the same distance behind the generator in accordance with or c m s m s. l 1 l 0 ± nt l 1 l 0 a 1 ± n c b. The negative sign in this formula applies in the direction of movement in front of the generator, the positive sign applies behind the generator. (6) In our sample measurement at a frequency of 20 Hz we got the following results: Slow movement From Task 1 (see Table 1) we got l 0 = 1.44 cm and c =0.288 ms -1 = 28.8 cms -1. The measured wave length in front of the generator was l 1f = 1.13 cm and behind the generator l 1b = 1.70 cm. From (6) follows: ƒl 0 l 1f ƒ = ƒl 0 l 1b ƒ. Here: and ƒ1.44 cm 1.13 cmƒ = 0.31 cm ƒ1.44 cm 1.70 cmƒ = 0.26 cm. The difference between the two values is caused due to the limitations of the used method. We use formula (6) and l 1f = 1.13 cm to calculate the velocity of the movement: Faster movement The measured wave length in front of the generator was l 1f = 0.8 cm and behind the generator l 1b = 2.05 cm. This leads to: and 1.44 cm n 1.13 cm 1.44 cm cms cm n cm cms 1 1 n 6.20 cms ms 1 ƒl 0 l 1f ƒ = ƒ1.44 cm 0.8 cmƒ = 0.64 cm ƒl 0 l 1b ƒ = ƒ1.44 cm 2.05 cmƒ = 0.61 cm. On using equation (6) and l 1f = 0.8 cm we calculate the velocity of the movement the same way as above and get: n cms ms 1. The Doppler effect is well known in our everyday life. When an ambulance moves in someone s direction one can hear a change in the sound of its siren: the pitch of the sound gets higher. When the ambulance moves away from this person the pitch of the sound gets lower. The faster the ambulance moves the higher the pitch (or lower, respectively). This phenomenon can be shown in this experiment (the moving generator represent the moving ambulance): the smaller the wavelength, the higher the pitch of the sound. Table 1 f in Hz nl in cm n l in cm c = l f in cms P PHYWE series of publications Laboratory Experiments Physics PHYWE SYSTEME GMBH & Co. KG D Göttingen
7 Wave phenomena in a ripple tank LEP Task 3: The experiment shows that the wavelength and thus the velocity of the wave s propagation is larger in deep water than in shallow water. As a reference, the following results were obtained (Table 2): Table 2 f in Hz nl in cm n l in cm c in cm/s deep water shallow water Since the water level is only a fraction of the wave length l (water depth d< 2 ), the phase velocity c strongly depends on the water depth d. On decreasing water depth d, the phase velocity c also decreases. The behaviour of water waves at the boundary between a zone of large water depth, and reduced water depth, is analogous to the behaviour of light waves at the boundary between air and glass. The propagation velocity of light waves is lower in glass than in air. The same effect was observed in this experiment where the propagation velocity of water waves is lower in the zone of shallow water than in the zone of deeper water. The refractive index is here defined as the ratio of the propagation velocity in deep water to the propagation velocity in shallow water. In our sample measurement we got a refractive index of (A more detailed treatment of the refraction index is performed in Task 4.) In principle, higher refractive indices can be achieved by further lowering the water level. However, the smaller the water depth the larger the attenuation of the waves so that ultimately they only penetrate a few centimetres into the zone of shallow water. Precise observations and quantitative measurements are then no longer possible. The behaviour of shallow water zones is therefore analogous to the behaviour of glasses with high absorption. The refraction of water waves can therefore never be demonstrated without large absorption losses. Task 4: Plane plate When the front of the plane wave enters the boundary of the shallow water zone, bending of the wave front occurs. A change in the propagation direction of the waves towards the normal at the point of incidence can be observed (Fig. 7). On leaving the shallow water zone the wave is refracted by the same angle in the opposite direction: Behind the plate, the wave front is once more bended and ends up roughly parallel to the initial wave front. Prism When the wave front enters the zone above the triangular plate (prism) a bending of the wave crests and troughs can be seen. The wave front is refracted towards the base of the prism. On leaving the area of the shallow water zone the waves are bent further towards the same direction (Fig. 8). In both cases, a change in the wavelength above the plate and the prism can be seen (Task 3). As displayed in Fig. 13, the principle of the refraction of water waves at the boundary between two different water depths is shown: For the relationship between the angle of incidence a and the angle b, the angle of the refracted wave, the following relationship is taken directly from Fig. 13 The quotient sina sinb l 0>0b0 l 0. l 1 >0b0 l 1 n 01 l 0 l 1 c 0>f c 1 >f c 0 c 1 (c 0 = propagation velocity in deep water, c 1 = propagation velocity in shallow water) is called the refraction index for the crossover from deep to shallow water. Summarising, the refraction law is obtained in the more familiar form from optics: sina sinb c 0 c 1 n 01. The bending of the water waves on entering and leaving the shallow water zone corresponds to the refraction of light on passing through a plane-parallel plate and refraction in a prism. Convex plate The plane waves leave the shallow water zone of the convex plate as circular waves. They are convergent behind the plate and run into a focus (Fig. 9). b Fig. 13 Geometrical description of the refraction of a plane wave at the interface of two different water depths. Concave plate You should have observed that the plane waves leave the concave plate as divergent circular waves (Fig. 10.) Due to the low propagation velocity of the water waves in the shallow water zone, the water waves are refracted above the convex and concave plate in the same way as light waves are refracted in a convex or concave lens. The characteristic wave patterns are formed as a result as displayed in Fig. 9 and Fig. 10. PHYWE series of publications Laboratory Experiments Physics PHYWE SYSTEME GMBH Göttingen, Germany P
8 LEP Wave phenomena in a ripple tank Task 5: Plane reflector At an angle of 45 between the plane reflector and the propagating water waves, the waves are reflected perpendicular to its initial direction (90 ; cp. Fig. 11). This means that the angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection. On varying the position of the plane reflector, one can recognise that this law of reflection, which is known from the geometrical optics (angle of incidence equals angle of reflection), is also valid for water waves. The law of reflection, which could be verified in this experiment, can be explained by Huygens Principle. Huygens Principle states that every point of the reflector can be seen as a circular wave exciter that oscillates with the same phase as the waves that are generated by the plane wave stimulator. The resulting interference is the reason for the characteristic wave image (cf. Fig. 11). As a sample measurement of the distance l between the focus and the reflector we measured to be l = 7.62 cm. This distance is about half the radius of the concave reflector. This experiment illustrates the unification of parallel beams in a focal point of a concave mirror, as well as the parallel bundling of beams that come from the focus of a concave mirror. As a conclusion, the experiment shows the possibilities of using surface water waves to depict waves phenomena. Many phenomena, which are known from optics or from dealing with sound waves, for example, can be shown and explained by using water waves. This is why water waves are often used to demonstrate the behaviour of waves in general. Concave reflector You should have observed that plane waves are reflected at the concave reflector as circular waves. These circular waves run into a focus (Fig. 12). Circular waves, which are generated in this focus are reflected at the concave reflector as plane waves. 8 P PHYWE series of publications Laboratory Experiments Physics PHYWE SYSTEME GMBH Göttingen, Germany
Ripple Tank with LED-light source, complete
Ripple Tank with LED-light source, complete 11260.99 PHYWE Systeme GmbH & Co. KG Robert-Bosch-Breite 10 D-37079 Göttingen Phone +49 (0) 551 604-0 Fax +49 (0) 551 604-107 E-mail info@phywe.de Operating
More informationRipple tank with LED light source. Ripple tank with LED light source, complete
Ripple tank with LED light source Ripple tank with LED light source, complete 11260-02 11260-88 PHYWE Systeme GmbH & Co. KG Robert-Bosch-Breite 10 37079 Göttingen Germany Telefon +49 (0) 551 604 0 Fax
More informationWaves. Kevin Small or
Waves Opening note: X-rays can penetrate your body. Sound waves can make thinks vibrate; water waves can knock you over in the sea. Infrared waves can warm you up and slinky waves are fun to play with.
More informationWAVES. Pulses are disturbances or a single wave motion. A continuous production of pulses will give rise to a progressive wave (wave train).
1 WAVES Types of Waves Pulses Pulses are disturbances or a single wave motion. A continuous production of pulses will give rise to a progressive wave (wave train). Progressive Waves A progressive wave
More information1. The period of a tuning fork is seconds. What is its frequency? 2. If a if pendulum oscillates thirty-two times in two minutes,
Waves Worksheet 1. The period of a tuning fork is 0.136 seconds. What is its frequency? 2. If a if pendulum oscillates thirty-two times in two minutes, a. What is Its frequency? b. Its period In seconds?
More informationRipple Tank Exploring the Properties of Waves Using a Ripple Tank
Exploring the Properties of Waves Using a The ripple tank is a shallow, glass-bottomed container that is filled with water to a depth of 1 or 2 centimeters. There is a light source that is placed above
More informationPhysics 11. Unit 7 (Part 1) Wave Motion
Physics 11 Unit 7 (Part 1) Wave Motion 1. Introduction to wave Wave motion is a popular phenomenon that we observe often in our daily lives. For example, light waves, sound waves, radio waves, water waves,
More informationProperties of Waves Unit Practice Problems
Name: Date: Properties of Waves Unit Practice Problems Wave Terminology 1. For the two waves below, write the correct term (or terms) to describe part of the wave at each letter. 2. For each wave, use
More information(Supplementary) Investigation Waves in a Ripple Tank
Purpose In this investigation you will study the behaviour of waves in two dimensions by observing water waves in a ripple tank. A ripple tank is a shallow, glass-bottomed tank. Light from a source above
More informationChapters 25: Waves. f = 1 T. v =!f. Text: Chapter 25 Think and Explain: 1-10 Think and Solve: 1-4
Text: Chapter 25 Think and Explain: 1-10 Think and Solve: 1-4 Chapters 25: Waves NAME: Vocabulary: wave, pulse, oscillation, amplitude, wavelength, wave speed, frequency, period, interference, constructive,
More informationPeriod: Date: 1. A single disturbance that moves from point to point through a medium is called a. a. period b. periodic wave c. wavelength d.
Name: Quiz Wave Phenomena Period: Date: 1. A single disturbance that moves from point to point through a medium is called a. a. period b. periodic wave c. wavelength d. pulse 2. If the particles of the
More informationINTRODUCTION TO WAVES. Dr. Watchara Liewrian
INTRODUCTION TO WAVES Dr. Watchara Liewrian What are Waves? Rhythmic disturbances that carry energy without carrying matter Types of Waves Mechanical Waves need matter (or medium) to transfer energy A
More informationINSTRUMENT INSTRUMENTAL ERROR (of full scale) INSTRUMENTAL RESOLUTION. Tutorial simulation. Tutorial simulation
Lab 1 Standing Waves on a String Learning Goals: To distinguish between traveling and standing waves To recognize how the wavelength of a standing wave is measured To recognize the necessary conditions
More informationWaves. Name and Surname: Class: L E A R N I N G O U T C O M E. What are waves? Why are waves formed?
L E A R N I N G O U T C O M E What are waves? Why are waves formed? Waves Y E A R 1 0, C H A P T E R 8 G J Z A H R A, B. E D ( H O N S ) Why does a pool filled with water look shallower than it really
More informationCrave the Wave, Feb 16, 2008 TEAM Mentor Invitational Score Rank
Crave the Wave Mentor Invitational Feb 16, 2008 Page 1 of 15 Crave the Wave, Feb 16, 2008 TEAM Mentor Invitational Score Rank Scoring: Points will be awarded for the accuracy and quality of the responses.
More informationRIPPLE TANK - with rippler & kit
GENERAL DESCRIPTION: RIPPLE TANK - with rippler & kit Cat: SW3430-001 with illuminator, rippler & kit. The ripple tank is used to investigate wave motion in a shallow trough of water to understand how
More informationMechanical waves Electromagnetic waves
Waves Energy can be transported by transfer of matter. For example by a thrown object. Energy can also be transported by wave motion without the transfer of matter. For example by sound waves and electromagnetic
More informationRIPPLE TANK CAT NO. PH 0767A
RIPPLE TANK CAT NO. PH 0767A Experiment Guide BACKGROUND INFORMATION: Ripple tanks are used to study water wave behavior in two dimensions. The more abstract concepts of reflection, refraction, dispersion,
More informationPAPER 2 THEORY QUESTIONS
PAPER 2 THEORY QUESTIONS 1 (a) Water waves are transverse waves. Sound is a longitudinal wave. (i) Describe the difference between transverse waves and longitudinal waves. In your account, draw a diagram
More informationThe physicist's greatest tool is his wastebasket Albert Einstein
Chapter 20: Waves The physicist's greatest tool is his wastebasket Albert Einstein 2 20.1 Waves Describe transverse and longitudinal waves. Learn the properties of waves. Calculate the speed of a wave.
More informationPre AP Physics: Unit 7 Vibrations, Waves, and Sound. Clear Creek High School
Pre AP Physics: Unit 7 Vibrations, Waves, and Sound Clear Creek High School Simple Harmonic Motion Simple Harmonic Motion Constant periodic motion of an object. An object oscillates back and forth along
More informationPhysics Waves & Sound
Read Page 298 (Wave Characteristics) TQ1. How is a pulse different from a wave? Physics Waves & Sound Day 1 TQ2. What actually moves down a slinky when in the form of a wave? TQ3. What two things happen
More informationWaves. harmonic wave wave equation one dimensional wave equation principle of wave fronts plane waves law of reflection
Waves Vocabulary mechanical wave pulse continuous periodic wave amplitude wavelength period frequency wave velocity phase transverse wave longitudinal wave intensity displacement wave number phase velocity
More informationWave a repeating disturbance or movement that transfers energy through matter or space
Waves The Nature of Waves Wave a repeating disturbance or movement that transfers energy through matter or space 1. Molecules pass energy on to neighboring molecules. 2. Waves carry energy without transporting
More informationSPH4U UNIVERSITY PHYSICS
SPH4U UNIVERSITY PHYSICS THE WAVE NATURE OF LIGHT L of Water Waves (P.459-461) Properties of Waves In order to study the properties of waves, a ripple tank is used. A ripple tank is a shallow, glass-bottomed
More informationCHAPTER 14 VIBRATIONS & WAVES
Physics Approximate Timeline Students are expected to keep up with class work when absent. CHAPTER 14 VIBRATIONS & WAVES Day Plans for the day Assignments for the day 1 Section 14.1 Periodic Motion o Definitions
More informationTransverse waves cause particles to vibrate perpendicularly to the direction of the wave's motion (e.g. waves on a string, ripples on a pond).
Waves Introduction A vibration must be the source of a wave. Waves in turn also cause vibrations. They are intrinsically connected. Waves transmit energy. There are different ways in which waves can be
More informationWave Motion. interference destructive interferecne constructive interference in phase. out of phase standing wave antinodes resonant frequencies
Wave Motion Vocabulary mechanical waves pulse continuous periodic wave amplitude period wavelength period wave velocity phase transverse wave longitudinal wave intensity displacement amplitude phase velocity
More informationWave Properties Describe the reflection and transmission of one-dimensional waves at a boundary between two media.
Wave Properties 4.2.1 Describe the reflection and transmission of one-dimensional waves at a boundary between two media. When a wave encounters a boundary it does two things, it reflects backwards and
More information19 The diagrams show water waves that move more slowly after passing into shallow water at the broken line. shallow water.
- 1 - Sound and Light wave Paper 1 : 2009-2002 ULES 2009 0625/11/M/J/09 19 The diagrams show waves that move more slowly after passing into shallow at the broken line. Which diagram shows what happens
More informationNATURE AND PROPERTIES OF WAVES P.1
NATURE AND ROERTIES OF WAVES.1 DSE AER IA 218 14. Which of the following statements about waves is/are correct? (1) Longitudinal waves can transmit energy from one place to another but transverse waves
More informationWaves Multiple Choice
Waves Multiple Choice PSI Physics Name: 1. The distance traveled by a wave in one period is called? A. Frequency B. Period C. Speed of wave D. Wavelength E. Amplitude 2. Which of the following is the speed
More informationChapter 14. Vibrations and Waves
Chapter 14 Vibrations and Waves Chapter 14 Vibrations and Waves In this chapter you will: Examine vibrational motion and learn how it relates to waves. Determine how waves transfer energy. Describe wave
More informationUnit 7: Waves and Sound
Objectives Unit 7: Waves and Sound Identify the crest, trough, wavelength, and amplitude of any wave, and distinguish transverse and longitudinal wages. Given two of the following quantities of a wave,
More informationg L Agenda Chapter 13 Problem 28 Equations of Motion for SHM: What if we have friction or drag? Driven Oscillations; Resonance 4/30/14 k m f = 1 2π
Agenda Today: HW quiz, More simple harmonic motion and waves Thursday: More waves Midterm scores will be posted by Thursday. Chapter 13 Problem 28 Calculate the buoyant force due to the surrounding air
More informationDefine transverse waves and longitudinal waves. Draw a simple diagram of each
AP Physics Study Guide Chapters 11, 12, 24 Waves, Sound, Light & Interference Name Write the equation that defines each quantity, include units for all quantities. wave speed-wavelength equation natural
More informationSlide 1 / The distance traveled by a wave in one period is called? Frequency Period Speed of wave Wavelength Amplitude
Slide 1 / 20 1 The distance traveled by a wave in one period is called? Frequency Period Speed of wave Wavelength mplitude Slide 2 / 20 2 Which of the following is the speed of a wave traveling with a
More informationUnit 2. The Nature of Waves
Strand E. Waves Unit 2. The ature of Waves Contents Page Superposition and Interference 2 Stationary Waves 7 Reflection, Diffraction and Refraction 12 Strand E Unit 2: The ature of Waves E.2.1. Interference
More informationParts of Longitudinal Waves A compression
1 Waves All substantive material is from Wave Motion and Sound by James Dann. http://www.ck12.org/flexr/ unless otherwise noted. Illustrations are copyright free. Objects in motion that return to the same
More informationMKIII RIPPLE-STROBE TANK
www.lascells.com MKIII RIPPLE-STROBE TANK LA50-600 INSTRUCTIONS FOR USE Lascells Bølgetank MkIII Art nr: XWV 590 012 MKIII RIPPLE-STROBE TANK LA50-600 INTRODUCTION: This apparatus provides a simple and
More information4.4 WAVE CHARACTERISTICS 4.5 WAVE PROPERTIES Student Notes
4.4 WAVE CHARACTERISTICS 4.5 WAVE PROPERTIES Student Notes I. DIFFERENT TYPES OF WAVES A. TRANSVERSE AND LONGITUDINAL WAVES B. WAVE PULSES AND TRAVELLING WAVES C. SOUND AND WATER WAVES II. DEFINING TERMS
More informationPhysics Mechanics
1 Physics 170 - Mechanics Lecture 33 Waves Wave notion 2 A wave pulse is a disturbance that propagates through a medium. It transfers energy without transferring matter; the energy is a combination of
More informationSection 1 Types of Waves. Distinguish between mechanical waves and electromagnetic waves.
Section 1 Types of Waves Objectives Recognize that waves transfer energy. Distinguish between mechanical waves and electromagnetic waves. Explain the relationship between particle vibration and wave motion.
More informationa disturbance that transfers energy Carries energy from one place to another Classified by what they move through
WAVES WAVES a disturbance that transfers energy Carries energy from one place to another Classified by what they move through 1. Mechanical Waves the energy is transferred by vibrations of medium (medium
More informationWAVES. Mr. Banks 8 th Grade Science
WAVES Mr. Banks 8 th Grade Science WAVES A wave is a disturbance that transfers, or carries energy from one place to another. Classified by what they move through For mechanical Waves energy is transferred
More informationRipple Tank: Instruction Manual
Ripple Tank: Instruction Manual The Ripple Tank coprises the following individual parts: Assebly of the ripple tank: Water Tank.......1pcs Detachable legs....3pcs Angular holders.......2pcs Plate fitting...1pcs
More informationSection 1: Types of Waves
Waves Section 1 Section 1: Types of Waves Preview Key Ideas Bellringer What Is a Wave? Vibrations and Waves Transverse and Longitudinal Waves Surface Waves Waves Section 1 Key Ideas What does a wave carry?
More informationOutline Chapter 7 Waves
Outline Chapter 7 Waves 7-1. Water Waves 7-2. Transverse and Longitudinal Waves 7-3. Describing Waves 7-4. Standing Waves 7-5. Sound 7-6. Doppler Effect 7-7. Musical Sounds 7-8. Electromagnetic Waves 7-9.
More informationChs. 16 and 17 Mechanical Waves
Chs. 16 and 17 Mechanical Waves The nature of waves A wave is a traveling disturbance that carries energy from one place to another, and even though matter may be disturbed as a wave travels through a
More informationSection 1 Types of Waves
CHAPTER OUTLINE Section 1 Types of Waves Key Idea questions > What does a wave carry? > How are waves generated? > What is the difference between a transverse wave and a longitudinal wave? > How do the
More informationRipple Tank. Equipment:
Ripple Tank Two point source interference patterns Purpose: A single vibration applied to the surface of water produces circular waves that propagate out from that point. If two identical vibrations are
More informationChapter 15 Wave Motion. Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.
Chapter 15 Wave Motion 15-1 Characteristics of Wave Motion All types of traveling waves transport energy. Study of a single wave pulse shows that it is begun with a vibration and is transmitted through
More informationRIPPLE TANK-ADVANCED CAT NO. PH 0769
RIPPLE TANK-ADVANCED CAT NO. PH 0769 Experiment Guide GENERAL BACK GROUND OR THEORY ON THE EXPERIMENT: Ripple tanks are used to study water wave behavior in two dimensions. The more abstract concepts of
More informationWAVES: REFRACTION QUESTIONS
WAVES: REFRACTION QUESTIONS WATER (2016;2) Tim looked at the pond in the garden and noticed a pattern in the water caused by the wind. The diagram below shows a simplified pattern of the water waves being
More information17.1: Mechanical Waves
New Standard SPS9: Students will investigate the properties of waves. a. Recognize that all waves transfer energy. b. Relate frequency and wavelength to the energy of different types of electromagnetic
More informationCHAPTER 10 WAVES. Section 10.1 Types of Waves
CHAPTER 10 WAVES Section 10.1 Types of Waves What does a wave carry? How are waves generated? What is the difference between a transverse wave and a longitudinal waves? How do the particles in ocean waves
More informationExploring Wave Phenomena. One 45-minute period, minimum
Title: Exploring Wave Phenomena Revision: April 7, 2006 Authors: Joan Taber, Sharon Gerbode, Mark Buckley, Jacob Grose Appropriate Level: Grades 9-12 Abstract: Time Required: NY Standards Met: Special
More informationIntroduction to Waves
Introduction to Waves 1 What s a wave? A wave is a disturbance that transfers energy from one place to another. The direction of energy transfer is the direction of propagation of the wave. 2 Transverse
More informationGRADE 9: Physical processes 3. UNIT 9P.3 12 hours. Waves. Resources. About this unit. Previous learning. Expectations
GRADE 9: Physical processes 3 Waves UNIT 9P.3 12 hours About this unit This unit is the third of seven units on physical processes for Grade 9. The unit is designed to guide your planning and teaching
More informationGOZO COLLEGE. Half Yearly Examinations for Secondary Schools FORM 4 PHYSICS TIME: 1h 30min
GOZO COLLEGE Track 3 Half Yearly Examinations for Secondary Schools 2016 FORM 4 PHYSICS TIME: 1h 30min Name: Class: Answer all questions. All working must be shown. The use of a calculator is allowed.
More informationLecture 8. Sound Waves Superposition and Standing Waves
Lecture 8 Sound Waves Superposition and Standing Waves Sound Waves Speed of Sound Waves Intensity of Periodic Sound Waves The Doppler Effect Sound Waves are the most common example of longitudinal waves.
More informationAssembly and instruction manual for the Ripple Tank no
Assembly and instruction manual for the Ripple Tank no. 2211.00 26.06.07 Ae 2211.00 A/S Søren Frederiksen, Ølgod Tel. +45 7524 4966 info@frederiksen.eu Viaduktvej 35 DK-6870 Ølgod Fax +45 7524 6282 www.frederiksen.eu
More informationWaves Wave Characteristics
Name: Date: Waves 4.4 Wave Characteristics. A transverse travelling wave has amplitude A 0 and wavelength λ. The distance between a crest and its neighbouring trough, measured in the direction of energy
More informationQuestion. A. Incorrect! Check the definition for period. B. Incorrect! Check the definition for speed.
AP Physics - Problem Drill 11: Vibrations and Waves. Instruction: (1) Read the problem statement and answer choices carefully (2) Work the problems on paper as 1. The following definitions are used to
More informationPhysics 122 Class #5 Outline
Physics 122 Class #5 Outline Announcements/Reading Assignment Review of general problems w/ Recitation quiz Lensmaker's equation / Mirrors Waves Properties of sinusoidal waves Announcements We are one
More informationChapter 20 - Waves. A wave - Eg: A musician s instrument; a cell phone call & a stone thrown into a pond A wave carries from one place to another.
Section 20.1 - Waves Chapter 20 - Waves A wave - Eg: A musician s instrument; a cell phone call & a stone thrown into a pond A wave carries from one place to another. Waves can change motion, we know that
More informationQuestions OSCILLATIONS AND WAVES
Questions 1 (IB) a) A pendulum consists of a bob suspended by a light inextensible string from a rigid support. The pendulum bob is moved to one side and then released. The sketch graph shows how the displacement
More informationPreview. Vibrations and Waves Section 1. Section 1 Simple Harmonic Motion. Section 2 Measuring Simple Harmonic Motion. Section 3 Properties of Waves
Vibrations and Waves Section 1 Preview Section 1 Simple Harmonic Motion Section 2 Measuring Simple Harmonic Motion Section 3 Properties of Waves Section 4 Wave Interactions Vibrations and Waves Section
More information17.5 Behavior of Waves
17.5 Behavior of Waves 17.5 Assessment Quiz Take a minute to look through your notes. Ø Ø Ø Ø There are 15 questions All answers Multiple Choice You do NOT need a calculator or formula sheet Notes CAN
More informationLesson 14: Simple harmonic motion, Waves (Sections )
Circular Motion and Simple Harmonic Motion The projection of uniform circular motion along any ais (the -ais here) is the same as simple harmonic motion. We use our understanding of uniform circular motion
More informationSample. Physical Sciences Physics Grade 11 Textbook and Workbook
Physical Sciences Physics Grade 11 Textbook and Workbook Ronel Bernardo Hendry du Plessis Santie du Plessis Carlien Fanoy Elize Jones Patricia Lees-Rolfe Judy McDougall Karen Reynecke Marina Schmidt Lida
More informationChapter 11 Waves. Waves transport energy without transporting matter. The intensity is the average power per unit area. It is measured in W/m 2.
Energy can be transported by particles or waves: Chapter 11 Waves A wave is characterized as some sort of disturbance that travels away from a source. The key difference between particles and waves is
More informationWaves: Carriers of Energy
(Effective and Alternative Secondary Education) Waves: Carriers of Energy BUREAU OF SECONDARY EDUCATION Department of Education DepED Complex, Meralco Avenue Pasig City Waves: Carriers of Energy What this
More informationCharacteristics of Waves
Chapter 15 Characteristics of Waves Waves disturbances that carry energy through matter or space Waves transfer energy. The energy being transferred may spread out as waves travel. Characteristics of Waves
More informationDate Lab Time Name. Wave Motion
Objective Wave Motion This laboratory examines the principle on which most musical instruments operate and allows the student to observe standing waves, hear resonance and calculate the velocity of the
More informationIntroduction. Strand E Unit 2: The Nature of Waves. Learning Objectives. Introduction.
Learning Objectives At the end of this unit you should be able to Describe the main features of diffraction, refraction and reflection, and use the law of reflection. Describe how two progressive waves
More informationDEVIL PHYSICS THE BADDEST CLASS ON CAMPUS AP PHYSICS
DEVIL PHYSICS THE BADDEST CLASS ON CAMPUS AP PHYSICS LSN 11-7: WAVE MOTION LSN 11-8: TYPES OF WAVES; LONGITUDINAL AND TRANSVERSE LSN 11-9: ENERGY TRANSPORTED BY WAVES Physics of Waves Questions From Reading
More informationSOUND. Pitch: Frequency High Frequency = High Pitch Low Frequency = Low Pitch Loudness: Amplitude. Read Sections 12-1 and 12-4
Read Sections 12-1 and 12-4 SOUND Sound: The speed of sound in air at 25 o C is 343 m/s (often rounded to 340 m/s). The speed of sound changes with temperature since the density and elasticity of air change
More informationTable of Contents. Chapter: Waves. Section 1: The Nature of Waves. Section 2: Wave Properties. Section 3: The Behavior of Waves
Table of Contents Chapter: Waves Section 1: The Nature of Waves Section 2: Wave Properties Section 3: The Behavior of Waves 1 The Nature of Waves What s in a wave? A wave is a repeating disturbance or
More informationMechanical Waves and Sound
Mechanical Waves and Sound Mechanical Wave Medium Crest Trough Transverse wave Compression Rarefaction Longitudinal wave Surface wave Some Vocab to Know What are Mechanical Waves? Mechanical wave: disturbance
More informationHow do waves interact with objects? How do waves behave when they move between two media? How do waves interact with other waves?
CHAPTER 20 3 Wave Interactions SECTION The Energy of Waves BEFORE YOU READ After you read this section, you should be able to answer these questions: How do waves interact with objects? How do waves behave
More informationWaves can interact with other waves, other objects, or change medium (travel through different substances)
Waves can interact with other waves, other objects, or change medium (travel through different substances) When a wave meets a new surface or boundery, the wave reflects When a wave passes the edge of
More informationPhysical Science 1 Chapter 6 WAVES. A wave is a disturbance that is propagated through a system. Waves transfer energy.
WAVES Concept of Wave A wave is a disturbance that is propagated through a system. Waves transfer energy. Crest: the highest point on a wave. Trough: the lowest point on a wave. Amplitude: the maximum
More informationLab 2: Superposition of waves on a string
Lab 2: Superposition of waves on a string Name: Group Members: Date: TA s Name: Apparatus: PASCO mechanical vibrator, PASCO interface, string, mass hanger (50 g) and set of masses, meter stick, electronic
More informationLecture Outline Chapter 14. Physics, 4 th Edition James S. Walker. Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
Lecture Outline Chapter 14 Physics, 4 th Edition James S. Walker Chapter 14 Waves and Sound Units of Chapter 14 Types of Waves Waves on a String Harmonic Wave Functions Sound Waves Sound Intensity The
More informationChapter 20 Study Questions Name: Class:
Chapter 20 Study Questions Name: Class: Multiple Choice Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. As the wavelength increases, the frequency a. decreases.
More informationUnits of Chapter 14. Types of Waves Waves on a String Harmonic Wave Functions Sound Waves Standing Waves Sound Intensity The Doppler Effect
Units of Chapter 14 Types of Waves Waves on a String Harmonic Wave Functions Sound Waves Standing Waves Sound Intensity The Doppler Effect Units of Chapter 14 Optional Superposition and Interference Beats
More informationStanding Waves in a String
Standing Waves in a String OBJECTIVE To understand the circumstances necessary to produce a standing wave. To observe and define the quantities associated with a standing wave. To determine the wavelength
More informationCH 17 - MECHANICAL WAVES & SOUND. Sec Mechanical Waves
CH 17 - MECHANICAL WAVES & SOUND Sec. 17.2 - Mechanical Waves Mechanical Wave - disturbance in matter that carries energy from one place to another. Mechanical waves require matter called a MEDIUM to travel
More informationDefined as a transfer of energy, in the form of a temporary disturbance of a medium, where the medium itself does not move.
Waves: Defined as a transfer of energy, in the form of a temporary disturbance of a medium, where the medium itself does not move. Three Classifications of waves: 1. Mechanical waves: These are waves that
More informationWaves Physics Waves What is a wave and what does it carry? Types of Waves 1. Transverse
Waves Physics 20.1 Waves What is a wave and what does it carry? Types of Waves 1. Transverse A transverse wave has its oscillations/vibrations to the direction the wave moves. 2. Longitudinal A longitudinal
More informationEpisode 320: Superposition
Episode 320: Super This episode introduces the basic idea of super of waves, explaining what happens when two or more waves meet. Summary Discussion: Recapping wave ideas. (10 minutes) Demonstration: Waves
More informationIntroduction to Waves. If you do not have access to equipment, the following experiments can be observed here:
Introduction to Waves If you do not have access to equipment, the following experiments can be observed here: http://tinyurl.com/lupz3dh 1.1 There is a tray with water in it. This can model throwing a
More informationGravity wave effects on the calibration uncertainty of hydrometric current meters
Gravity wave effects on the calibration uncertainty of hydrometric current meters Marc de Huu and Beat Wüthrich Federal Office of Metrology METAS, Switzerland E-mail: marc.dehuu@metas.ch Abstract Hydrometric
More informationChapter 10 Waves. wave energy NOT the water particles moves across the surface of the sea. wave form moves and with it, energy is transmitted
Capillary Waves, Wind Waves, Chapter 10 Waves Anatomy of a Wave more like a real wave Tsunamis, Internal waves big waves huge waves rogue waves small waves more like a sine wave Wave direction Wave wave
More informationPHYSICS - GIANCOLI CALC 4E CH 15: WAVE MOTION.
!! www.clutchprep.com CONCEPT: WHAT IS A WAVE? A WAVE is a moving disturbance (oscillation) that carries energy. - A common example is a wave on a string, where the moving string carries energy We re only
More informationSimilarly to elastic waves, sound and other propagated waves are graphically shown by the graph:
Phys 300/301 Physics: Algebra/Trig Eugene Hecht, 3e. Prepared 01/24/06 11.0 Waves & Sounds There are two fundamental waves of transporting energy and momentum: particles and waves. While they seem opposites,
More informationWaves, Sounds, and Light
Waves, Sounds, and Light A wave is a disturbance that transmits energy. The particles of a medium do not travel with the wave. Mechanical waves require a medium, but electromagnetic waves do not Particles
More informationLevel 2 Physics, 2017
91170 911700 2SUPERVISOR S Level 2 Physics, 2017 91170 Demonstrate understanding of waves 2.00 p.m. Friday 10 November 2017 Credits: Four Achievement Achievement with Merit Achievement with Excellence
More informationDoppler Effect. PHY132H1F Introduction to Physics II Class 3 Outline:
PHY132H1F Introduction to Physics II Class 3 Outline: Doppler Effect Principle of Superposition Standing Waves on a String Standing Sound Waves Wave Interference Beats Survey: How did the reading go that
More information