DESCRIPTION OF THE TEI MODEL 17C NH 3 ANALYZER, CALIBRATOR, AND ZERO AIR SUPPLY

Transcription

1 REDUCED NITROGEN (NH 3 ) MONITORING WITH THE TEI MODEL 17C ANALYZER DESCRIPTION OF THE TEI MODEL 17C NH 3 ANALYZER, CALIBRATOR, AND ZERO AIR SUPPLY C Operating Principle Instrument Specifications and Components Description (17C) C Analyzer Startup and Shutdown C Operating Principle Operating Principle (Model 111 Zero-Air Supply System) C Description of Controls Calibrator Functions Zero Air Supply Start-up and Operation ECB RESPONSIBILITIES AND ASSIGNMENTS Ammonia Monitoring Equipment Selection and Procurement Receipt, Assembly, Initial Adjustment, and Testing Inventory Preventative and Routine Maintenance Calibration Equipment and Standards Equipment Selection and Procurement Initial Set-up Inventory Calibration of the TECO 146 NH 3 Calibrator Routine Maintenance Field Activities and Data Handling On-Site Installation Zero / Span / Gas Phase Titration (GPT) = Unadjusted checks ( ) = Adjusted checks ( ) Accuracy Auditing APPENDICES APPENDIX B.1 AQ-98 APPENDIX B.2 Logbook and Operational Test Form APPENDIX Replacing Capillaries APPENDIX M Troubleshooting the 17C Analyzer END OF SECTION 2.22: REDUCED NITROGEN (NH 3 ) MONITORING. 1

2 Section Revision No.0 0 Page 1 of DESCRIPTION OF THE THERMO-ENVIRONMENTAL (TEI) MODEL 17C AMMONIA ANALYZER AND CALIBRATOR The NH 3 monitoring system is described by separating it into two sections: the [17C NH 3 ] Analyzer and the [Model 111 and Model 146C] Zero-Air Supply and Calibrator, respectively. Together these components make-up the NH 3 monitoring station Principle of Operation (17C) The Model 17C Chemiluminescence Analyzer utilizes the reaction of nitric oxide (NO) with ozone (O 3 ) as its basic principle. Specifically: NO + O 3 NO 2 + O 2 + hν The sample is drawn into the Model 17C by an external pump. After it reaches the reaction chamber, it mixes with ozone which is generated by the internal ozonator. The chemical reaction above then takes place. This reaction produces infrared light with an intensity proportional to the concentration of NO. Specifically, light emission results when electronically excited N0 2 molecules decay to lower energy states. The light emission is detected by a photomultiplier tube, which in turn generates a proportional electronic signal. The electronic signal is processed by the microcomputer into a NO concentration reading. To measure the NO x (NO + NO 2 ) concentration, NO 2 must be transformed to NO prior to reaching the reaction chamber. This transformation takes place in a molybdenum converter heated to approximately 325 C. Upon reaching the reaction chamber, the converted molecules along with the original NO molecules react with ozone. The resulting signal represents the NO x reading. To measure the N t (NO + NO 2 + NH 3 ) concentration, both the NO 2 and NH 3 must be transformed to NO prior to reaching the reaction chamber. This transformation takes place in a stainless steel converter heated to approximately 825 C. Upon reaching the reaction chamber, the converted molecules along with the original NO molecules react with ozone. The resulting signal represents the N t reading. The NO 2 concentration is determined by subtracting the signal obtained in the NO mode from the signal obtained in the NO x mode. NO x - NO = NO 2 The NH, concentration is determined by subtracting the signal obtained in the N t mode from the signal obtained in the NO x mode. N t - NO x = NH 3 The Model 17C outputs NO, NO 2, and NH 3 concentrations to the front panel display and NO, NO 2, NH 3, and NO x concentrations to the analog outputs. Figure illustrates sample flow through the analyzer.

3 Section Revision No.0 0 Page 2 of Instrument Specifications and Components Description Model 17C Monitor Specifications Ranges 0-10, 20, 50, 100, 200, 500, 1000, 2000, 5000, 10000, ppb 0-100, 200, 500, 1000, 2000, 5000, 10000, 20000, µg/m 3 Extended Ranges 0-200, 500, 1000, 2000, 5000, 10000, 20000, 50000, ppb 0-500, 1000, 2000, 5000, 10000, 20000, 50000, , µg/m 3 Zero noise Lower detectable limit Zero drift (24 hour) Span drift (24 hour) Response time (O - 90%) Linearity Sample flow rate Operating temperature Power requirements Physical dimensions Weight 0.5 ppb RMS (120 second averaging time) 1 ppb 1 ppb 1 % full scale 120 Seconds (10 second averaging time) ± 1 % full scale 600 cc/min C (may be safely operated over the range of 5-40 C) /60 Hz /60 Hz /60 Hz 500 Watts (W) X 8.62 (H) X 23" (D) Analyzer (W) X 6.87 (H) X (D) Converter 60 lbs. (Analyzer Module - including external pump) 19 lbs. (Converter Module) Outputs NO, NO 2, NH 3, and NO x, selectable voltage, 4-20 ma, RS-232, RS-485

4 Section Revision No.0 0 Page 3 of 15 Model 17C Sample Flow Figure Theory of Operation (17C) In order to understand the operation of the Model 17C, a general knowledge of the electronics, software, and subassemblies is necessary ELECTRONICS The electronics can be broken down into the following subassemblies: DC Power Supply Photomultiplier Tube Power Supply Ozonator Power Supply Temperature Control Board Input Board Microprocessor System A brief description of each follows. Note that all the electrical schematics are given in Appendix C, "Schematics" of the TEI 17C Owner s Manual. a. DC Power Supply The DC Power Supply outputs the regulated and unregulated DC voltages necessary to operate the digital electronics, Input Board, and the Temperature Control Board. It outputs + 24 volts unregulated and + 15 volts and + 5 volts regulated. The DC Power Supply Board also contains the circuitry for driving the solenoid valves and a circuit for powering and controlling the photomultiplier cooler supply.

5 Section Revision No.0 0 Page 4 of 15 b. Photomultiplier Tube Power Supply The Photomultiplier Tube (PMT) Power Supply provides the PMT with the negative high voltage required for operation. The power supply output may be adjusted from about -500 to volts DC. c. Ozonator Power Supply The Ozonator Power Supply provides the ozone transformer with approximately 55 Hz, 15 volt pulses which the transformer steps up to about 15 kilovolts. The timer, U5, generates a square wave which feeds U3. This IC generates pulses which feed the network composed of U2, C2, C3, R4 and R5. This network acts to turn Q1 and Q2 on and off in a 4-step cycle. This cycle results in the discharge of C1 and C5 through the transformer generating high voltage pulses which power the silent-discharge ozonator. d. Temperature Control Board The Temperature Control Board regulates and sets the temperature of the converter and the reaction chamber. The converter temperature is measured with a type K thermocouple. The thermocouple voltage is conditioned by U4, which supplies a voltage output of 10 mv per C. The conditioned signal is compared to a reference signal set by a potentiometer, and the comparator output is used to turn the heating element on and off. Both the converter set temperature and the conditioned thermocouple signal are picked up by the microprocessor and are used to display the actual converter temperature, as well as the converter set point. The reaction chamber temperature is measured with a thermistor, whose resistance is equal to that of the reference resistor at approximately 50 C. The voltage across the thermistor is used by the microprocessor system for use in calculating and displaying the reaction chamber temperature. e. Input Board The Input Board accepts the current signal from the PMT and converts it to a voltage through a 100 megohm feedback resistor (RIO). This voltage is scaled by about a factor of 1, 10, or 100, depending on the fullscale range of the NO channel. The scaled voltage signal is converted to a pulse train by the V/F converter and sent to the microprocessor. A switch on the Input Board turns a test signal on and off which is injected at the first stage of the Input Board in parallel with the PMT input. This allows the Input Board and the connection to the processor system to be tested without using the PMT. f. The Microprocessor System The microprocessor system consists of printed circuit boards which plug into the Motherboard, connecting them to each other and to the rest of the instrument. These boards are as follows: Display Module Processor Board Analog to Digital Board Digital to Analog Board

6 C-Link Board Section Revision No.0 0 Page 5 of 15 Display Module. The vacuum fluorescent display module shows NO, NO 2, and NH 3 concentrations, instrument parameters, and help messages. The single board display module consists of 80 characters (4 line by 20 column), refresh memory, character generator, DC/DC converter and all necessary control logic. The display module is powered by ±5 volts DC. Processor Board. The Processor Board contains a Motorola M68HC11F1 microprocessor (U4), RAM (U5), and EPROM (U2). In addition, this high performance, non-multiplexed 68-pin microprocessor contains 512 bytes of EEPROM and 1K of RAM. It is operated at a frequency of 2 MHz, which is generated by crystal X1. During each instruction cycle, the processor fetches an instruction from memory and executes it, reading or writing data to or from the data bus, or performing a calculation on some internal register or registers. The reset signal is generated by U8. This signal resets the M68HC11F1 every tenth of a second, and is used by the microprocessor to keep track of time. Each time the microprocessor is reset, it reads the counters, increments the clock, checks the status of the pushbuttons, and updates the D/A converters and display. The MC64B40 counter chip (U1) acts as the interface between the Input Board and the microprocessor. A pulse train from the Input Signal Board is directly fed into one of three counters on the MC64B40 counter chip. Digital/Analog Board. The Digital to Analog Board contains four D/A converters, one for each analog output. Each is addressed by the processor via signals from PAO-PA7 and PGO and PGI. The D/A converters are zeroed using potentiometers R1, R3, R5, and R7 and span is set using potentiometers R2, R4, R6, and R8. The fullscale output of the four D/A converters is set by jumpers on switches SW1-SW4 on the D/A board. Fullscale voltages of 10, 5, 1, and 0. I volts are available. Analog to Digital Board. The Analog to Digital Board acts as an interface between all the signals monitored by the processor system and the microprocessor itself. Up to 12 analog inputs are available. The cooler temperature, reaction chamber temperature, internal temperature, pressure, power supply voltages, PMT high voltage, and flow rates are examples of analog signals converted to digital signals used by the microprocessor. C-Link Board. The C-Link Board contains the RS-232 circuitry, clock, and memory for the datalogger. Incoming RS-232 signals are converted to TTL levels by U3, an RS-232 driver/receiver. The TTL signals are then interpreted by U5, a 68HC11 microprocessor, which is dedicated to remote communications. Data records from the internal datalogger are stored in U2, a 128K RAM, and the link program is stored in U6, a 64K EPROM. U10 is the internal clock. A battery supplies +5 volts to the clock and the data logger memory when instrument power off SOFTWARE The software tasks of the processor can be broken down into four areas: a. Instrument Control Sixteen control lines are located on the Analog to Digital Board. Line 0 is used to turn the ozonator on or off. Lines 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 go to the Power Supply Board and control the mode

7 Section Revision No.0 0 Page 6 of 15 solenoid valves, and any additional solenoids used for special applications. Line 6 is used to turn the PMT voltage on or off. Lines 13 and 15 go to the Input Board and control the gain of the preamplifier. The remaining lines are currently not in use. b. Monitoring Signals The monitoring of signals is tied to the tenth of a second cycle time for the processor system, and to the one and ten second intervals which are derived from this cycle time. Every tenth of a second, the processor is reset and the counters and pushbuttons are read. Once every second, the accumulated counts are sampled. The 1-second accumulated counts representing the NO/NO x /N t concentrations are further accumulated for a total of 7 seconds before they are processed, while the other 1-second accumulated counts representing other signals are processed directly. Every ten seconds, the NO/NO x /N t solenoids switch and the processor waits 3 seconds for the reaction chamber to flush and stabilize. After those 3 seconds, it samples the signal intensity for 7 seconds before again switching the solenoids. c. Instrument Calculations The calculations of the NO, N0 2, NO x, NH 3 and N t concentrations are lengthy and utilize the processor to provide the most accurate readings. The calculations begin by subtracting the appropriate electronic offsets from the 7 second count accumulations. There are three such offsets, one for each of the three settings on the input board. This software based correction provides excellent cancellation of any electronically induced offsets and eliminates the need for potentiometer adjustments on the input board. Following this correction, the raw accumulated counts are scaled according to the gain setting of the input board. Next, the uncorrected NO, NO X, and N t values are determined according to a unique averaging algorithm which minimizes errors resulting from rapidly changing gas concentrations. This algorithm results in NO, NO x, and N t values which are stored in RAM in a circular buffer that holds all the 10 second data from the previous 5 minutes. This data is averaged over the selected time interval, which can be any multiple of ten between 10 and 300. The background values for in NO, NO x, and N t, which are corrected by the stored calibration factors and by temperature factor, are subtracted from their respective averages. The NO reading is corrected by the stored span factor and by the temperature factor. The NO x reading is partially corrected by the span factor, temperature factor, and balance factor. The N t reading is partially corrected by the span factor, temperature factor, and balance factor. The corrected NO value is subtracted from the partially corrected NO x value to yield an uncorrected NO 2 value. The NO 2 value is then adjusted for converter efficiency to give a corrected NO 2 reading. The corrected NO 2 reading is added to the corrected NO reading to yield a fully corrected NO x value. The corrected NO x value is subtracted from the partially corrected N t value to yield an uncorrected NH 3 value. The NH 3 value is then adjusted for converter efficiency to give a corrected NH 3 reading. Finally, the corrected NH 3 reading is added to the corrected NO,, reading to yield a fully corrected N t value. d. Output Communication The front panel display and rear panel analog outputs are the chief means of communicating the results of the above calculations. The display output is coded with 1 representing the NO output,

8 Section Revision No.0 0 Page 7 of 15 2 the N0 2 output, 3 the NO x output, 4 the NH 3 output, and 5 the N t output. The decimal point on the display automatically shifts in response to changes in gas concentration. The three analog outputs do vary according to the range. They are calculated by dividing the data values by the fullscale range for each of the three parameters and then multiplying each result by Negative concentrations can be represented as long as they are within -2.3 % of fullscale. This gives numbers between -23 and 1000, which are used to drive the three, 10-bit digital to analog converters SUBASSEMBLIES a. Photomultiplier Cooler The thermoelectric cooler houses the PMT. The PMT is of the multi-alkali type in order to have the infrared sensitivity required to detect NO 2 luminescence. The PMT is cooled to about -16 C to reduce dark current and increase instrument sensitivity. The cooler is also controlled at this temperature in order to have increased zero and span stability over a wide ambient temperature range. b. Reaction Chamber The reaction chamber subassembly is an integral part of the cooler assembly. It is a two-piece 24 carat gold plated assembly which design allows for ease of cleaning and maintenance. In this reaction chamber, the sample reacts with ozone, producing excited N0 2 which in turn decays, giving off a photon of energy. The reaction chamber is heated and controlled to approximately 50 C in order to ensure the greatest instrument stability. Also housed in the reaction chamber assembly are the sample and ozone flow capillaries and a thermistor sensor. c. N0 2 -to-no Converter The N0 2 -to NO converter employs molybdenum heated to approximately 325 C in order to convert and detect N0 2. The converter consists of an insulated housing, heater, replaceable cartridge, and a type K thermocouple sensor Front Panel Controls The Model 17C uses menu driven software with Entry Pushbuttons to set the operational parameters and an acceptable range of operation for the analyzer. The Front Panel of the analyzer, with a description of Entry Pushbutton functions, is shown in Figure (a), and a flowchart of the menu driven software and subroutines is presented in Figure (b).

9 Section Revision No.0 0 Page 8 of 15 Figure (a): Front of Model 17C Pushbuttons - There are eight pushbuttons that are used to engage different modes of operation through menus for calibrating and Gas Phase Titrations. The 17C is based on menu-driven software as illustrated by the flowchart in Figure (b). a. ENTER pushbutton used to choose a menu item, activate an entry, or toggle on/off functions. Use the ENTER pushbutton to choose or accept a menu item or a value. b. MENU pushbutton used to display the main menu and the submenus containing instrument parameters and the features of each main menu item. Also, use this pushbutton to return to a previously displayed menu, e.g. if a mistake is made. c. pushbuttons move the cursor up, down, left, or right to a specific menu item or digit in a setting and increase or decrease (INC/DEC) the value of a setting in a menu. d. RUN used to display the present or active settings of the 17C in the Run Screen. The Run screen normally displays the NO, NO 2, and NH 3 concentrations.

10 Section Revision No.0 0 Page 9 of 15 Figure (b): Flowchart of Menu driven software Analyzer Startup and Shutdown A. Startup 1. With the power switch ON, all electronics are turned on, the converter turns on, the cooler, the reaction chamber heater, and the program initialize itself. Turn on the sample pump which should be pumped to the exhaust port on the analyzer. Exhaust pump through the charcoal filter and vent to the outside. During the first few minutes of operation the word "HELLO" is followed "NO-NO 2 " during which time the analog output will be 0 volts. The instrument will automatically go into the "Run-Sample" mode. 2. The Model 17C has been designed so that pushbutton functions do not disturb analog outputs. When in the Run mode, the NO, NOx, and NH 3 output is available. Note that the Model 17C requires both the cooler and converter to reach and stabilize at their respective operating temperatures before meaningful data is obtained. It takes approximately one and a half hours for the Model 17C to stabilize if the power is off for several hours. The ozonator should be left ON over night before any initial calibration or recalibration and after a long down period of more than several hours. Note: If the analyzer is going to be down for more than several hours, follow the steps below. Complete only step 1 below for shorter periods of inactive use.

11 Section Revision No.0 0 Page 10 of 15 B. Shutdown 1. Push the "POWER" switch OFF on the front panel of the control section. All internal components of the Model 17C should now be shutdown. Caution!!! If repair work is done on the control section, remove the line cord from the back to totally eliminate any shcok danger DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION OF TEI MODEL 146C AND ZERO AIR SUPPLY Operating Principle (Model 146C Calibrator) The Model 146C Calibrator supplies the required levels of nitric oxide and nitrogen dioxide to perform zero, precision, span checks and multipoint calibrations. The Model 146C will be operated remotely from the datalogger to perform zero and no span checks. The Model 146C is basically a combination of two devices in one convenient package: 1. an accurate mass flow controlled gas dilution system, and 2. a gas-phase titration system. NO gas from a NIST traceable Protocol II certified cylinder (connected to Port A) is blended with "zero-air" to provide a desired concentration. From the known calibration of the two mass flow controllers, the exact concentration can be calculated. Typically a dilution ratio of about 100:1 to 1000:1 is used. To generate the desired levels of ozone, the cylinder gas flow is turned off, the zero-air mass flow controller is set to the desired flow, and the ozone generator is activated. The ozone level at constant flow is changed by varying the voltage to the ozone generator lamp. The photolytic ozone generator used on the Model 146C passes all U. S. EPA qualification tests for an ozone generating transfer standard. The nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) concentration levels are generated by mixing known amounts of NO from the cylinder with ozone. The amount of NO 2 formed is equal to the measured decrease in the NO level. The decrease in NO level is determined using the NO channel of the Model 17C analyzer. This technique of determining pollutant concentrations is known as gas-phase titration. The volume of the reaction chamber (i.e., 150 cc) has been chosen to meet the dynamic parameter requirements of the U.S. EPA. The Model 146C contains an LCD readouts to display the actual flows measured by the mass flow controllers, one for zero air flow and one for cylinder gas flow. The sample/span solenoids for the Model 17C analyzer should be connected to the analyzer inlet port. These solenoids can be controlled by signals from the Model 146C. Note that the plumbing should be set-up so that both sample and span gases pass through the particulate filters as required by U. S. EPA requirements. The flow of the Model 146C should be set to satisfy the flow demands of the NO analyzer connected to the calibrator. The manufacturer claims that ozone generator can be calibrated using an ozone primary standard if it is to be used for ozone monitor calibration, and that it will pass EPA's requirements as an ozone transfer standard.

12 Section Revision No.0 0 Page 11 of Operating Principle (Model 111 Zero-Air Supply System) The purpose of the Model 111 is to supply pollutant-free air ("zero air") for proper zeroing and to provide clean diluent air for spanning ambient air analyzers. The components to be removed are SO 2, NO, NO 2, O 3, CO and hydrocarbons. There is no consensus as to what extent "zero air" should have water vapor removed. Since many analyzers have longer response times if super-dry (dew point less than -30 O C) is used for zero and span, and since water vapor is not a pollutant, the Model 111 does not have a drying system. However, the dew point is reduced as a result of compression of the ambient air. Room air enters the compressor, where it is raised to a pressure of approximately psi (4560 mm). At 25 O C, the saturation water vapor pressure is approximately 24 mm. Thus most of the water condenses out and falls to the bottom of the tank. Out of the 4560 mm of pressure in the tank, only 24 mm is due to water vapor. When this air is vented to atmospheric pressure (760 mm), the water vapor is reduced to approximately 4 mm. This corresponds to a dew point of slightly less than 0 O C. In order to keep any condensation from occurring in the tubing between the compressor and the Model 111, the output of the compressor contains a coalescing filter and a pressure regulator where the pressure is reduced to 70 psi. Inside the main case of the Model 111, the compressed air is further reduced to the final desired pressure (10-30 psi). The air then goes into the reactor where it is heated to 350 O C over a catalytic surface that converts CO to CO 2 and hydrocarbons including methane to water and CO 2. The air then passes into a column of Purafil (potassium permanganate on alumina) that oxidizes NO to NO 2. Finally, the air passes through a column of iodated or activated charcoal that removes NO 2, SO 2, O 3, and hydrocarbons. This results in a pollutant-free air stream Description of Controls (Model 146C Calibrator) 1. Power - Activates the AC power for the Model 146C Calibrator. When turned on there will be an audible sound from the internal fan, the power switch light will go on, and the LCD displays of the flowmeter will be on. 2. LCD flow displays - Anytime you run an event in REMOTE or LOCAL mode, the LCD will display the zero and gas flow, the output ppm and the active mode the 146C is in (REMOTE or LOCAL). The NO gas mass flow controller has a range of 0 to 100 SCCM, and the zero air mass flow controller has a range of 0 to 10 LPM. 3. Pushbuttons - There are eight pushbuttons that are used to engage different modes of operation for calibrating and GPT s. The 146C is based on menu-driven software as illustrated by the flowchart in Figure a) ENTER pushbutton used to choose a menu item, activate an entry, or toggle on/off functions. Use this pushbutton to change to the Local or Remote `mode. b) MENU pushbutton used to display the main menu and the submenus containing instrument parameters and features of each main menu item. To return to the previous displayed menu press this pushbutton. c) pushbuttons used to move the cursor up, down, left, or right to a specific menu item or digit in a setting and to increase or decrease (INC/DEC) the value of a setting in a menu. Use the ENTER pushbutton to choose or accept a menu item or a value.

13 Section Revision No.0 0 Page 12 of 15 d) RUN used to display the present or active settings of the 146C in the Run Screen (it tells where you are at this moment). Also used to cycle through the calibration points and the GPT options. Figure Flowchart of Menu-Driven Software for the 146C 4. Description of selected submenus a) MANUAL SETTINGS are used to manually control the zero air and gas flows for the GPT mode. To do a gas phase titration, you must manually duplicate the zero and gas flows in the span. Use this menu for that purpose. Use the pushbuttons in section 3 above to input the pertinent information. b) AUTOMATIC SETTINGS are used to set flow rates in the Gas Dilution modes to allow automatic calculation of the output PPM of the dilution of GAS A, B, or C in calibrations. The operator must input cylinder or tank PPM in the Gas Dilution Screen. Up to five span levels can be set. Use the pushbuttons in section 3 above to input the pertinent information. c) SET GPT/GAS A - Activation of this menu item deactivates the other gas modes and causes the solenoids in the Model 146C to switch the ozone generator into the flow of GAS A (NO) going into the output manifold. The ozone generator activates. In addition, the solenoid terminal on the back of the Model 146C labeled ozone becomes active. To perform a gas phase titration with the 17C, both the ozone and Gas A menu items must be active. Other gases, GAS B and C, will not react with ozone in the 146C reaction chamber. Note that when the reaction chamber is in the flow circuit the response at the output manifold is slow (approximately 5 minutes to >95% of final value).

14 Section Revision No.0 0 Page 13 of 15 d) GAS A DILUTION (ZERO AIR and GAS A Flows)- Activation of this menu item causes the solenoids in the Model 146C to switch to Gas A into the mass flow controller (MFC) and set the other flow solenoids for the dilution mode. In addition, the solenoid terminal on the back of the Model 146C labeled A becomes active. Typical gas and zero flows should always be % of the flow range of the MFC. In addition, supply at least 2 LPM of total flow to the 146C and at the same time maintain the gas and zero air flow limits of %. Different calibration flow gas levels are pre-programmed into the 146C by the ECB. c) O3 LEVEL - The ozone level can be increased or decreased by using the pushbuttons while in the GPT run screen. The ozone level is determined by comparison to an ozone primary standard. The ozone level is a function of both the potentiometer setting and zero and gas flows; therefore, changing either will change the ozone level Calibrator Functions A. Start-Up 1. Activate the power switch. If only the dilution mode of operation is desired, no warmup time is necessary. If the ozone generator is being used, about 15 minutes warm-up time is required. Note: The ozone forming lamp will not ignite until the ozone generator is at operating temperature. 2. Set the flow levels and ozone levels using the pushbutton potentiometers as in ECB section and See Section for calibration of the 146C Mass Flow Controllers and section F for computing NO gas levels from these known flows. 3. Wait for a stable reading from the analyzer being spanned or calibrated. Except for the gas-phase titration mode, the Model 146C has a response time to better than 95% of final value of less than 30 seconds which is generally the analyzer time constant that is the rate determining time constant. 4. Repeat 3 and 4 above for other concentration levels if desired. B. Standby There should always be a source of zero-air connected to the Model 146C. Stanby is the default mode that the 146C will revert to if left undisturbed for one-hour in Local Mode. To manually put the Model 146C into the standby mode conduct the following step: 1. From the Flow Modes menu choose Standby 2. Press ENTER to accept C. Shutdown To shutdown the Model 146C, turn the power switch off. D. Loss Of Power If the power switch is left in the ON position and a power failure occurs, the Model 146C will turn on, upon resumption of power. E. Remote Operation This mode allows the 146C to be controlled by data logger events. Remote operation of the Model 146C is similar to the manual operation. If the remote device has the capability and is connected all mode commands that can be performed manually can be

15 Section Revision No.0 0 Page 14 of 15 performed remotely. For NH 3 monitoring, when you are in running in Remote Mode, it means you are either running a zero or a span. All other levels for NH 3 monitoring are activated through the Local Mode. You cannot adjust any settings while in the Remote mode. F. Local Mode This mode takes precedence over the Remote. Local mode allows the operator to control the data logger via the front panel of the 146C. You should not go to Local Mode unless you start a Remote event. Note: Going to Local Mode WITHOUT a Remote event running could damage the instrument. The 146C will interrupt the Local Mode by switching back to Remote after one-hour. To prevent this, press Run while in Local Mode to cycle through the options until you are back to the original option - the one you are running. (For example, if you are running a GPT and go to eat a one-hour lunch without cycling through the options before you leave or right when you come back, you will find the 146C no longer running the GPT, but instead running the last Remote event. This means running the span and GPT all over again). G. Computation Of Concentrations The computation of the different output levels for the different modes of operation are as follows. Note that it is assumed that all devices are properly calibrated and that all flows are generate a span gas with a concentration of 45 ppb NO, use the following equation corrected to 25 O C and 1 atm in accordance with Section For example, to: Model 146C Output = F GAS Conc. Cyl. F GAS + F ZERO where F GAS = NO gas flow F ZERO = zero air flow Conc Cyl = concentration of NO or NH 3 cylinder gas (Note: NO y cylinder concentration may be slightly higher as it sometimes contains an NO 2 impurity.) The TEI Model 17C NH3 analyzer blends zero air and NO gas at the dilution ratio of 100:1. The Model 17C NH3 analyzer has a minimum flow requirement of 2000 SCCM delivery at atmospheric pressure. Based on a constant zero air flow of 5000 sccm/min, and the NO gas flow (Fgas), the 146C output becomes approximately 50 sccm based on the 100:1 ratio. Actual flows of NO, NH 3 and zero air are determined from the Protocol NO gas concentration and from multiplying the LCD readings of the NO and zero air channels by the slope and intercepts of the corresponding calibration curves. This calculation is done in a microprocessor housed in the 146C Calibrator. A flow calibration procedure is provided in section (ECB) Zero Air Supply Start-up and Operation 1. Close manual valve on output of compressor. Plug in compressor. The pressure in tank should gradually increase to psi. At that point the pump should shut off. 2. Open manual valve. Adjust pressure regulator downstream of coalescing filter to 70 psi. Adjust pressure regulator on Model 111 case for desired pressure (typically psi).

16 Section Revision No.0 0 Page 15 of Turn dial on temperature regulator to 350 C. Turn on the Model 111. The internal cooling fan should start blowing. The light on the temperature controller should go on. 4. After ½ to 1 hour the LED on the temperature controller should be cycling on and off indicating that the reactor is up to temperature. The Model 111 is now ready for use. 5. The compressor motor should cycle on and off with the tank pressure being controlled between 80 and 100 psi.

17 ECB RESPONSIBILITIES AND ASSIGNMENTS Section Page 1 of 45 Ammonia Monitoring Equipment High Sensitivity SELECTION AND PROCUREMENT The ECB shall procure air monitoring equipment and supplies for the Ambient Monitoring Section. Guidelines for selection and procurement are as follows The most recent EPA Reference or Equivalent method, where applicable, should be reviewed to determine the makes and models of monitors acceptable for network monitoring. Each monitor used in the SLAMS systems must be a Reference or Equivalent method (40CFR53 and 40CFR58, Appendix C). Before purchase of the monitor and associated equipment, the 105grant agreement should be reviewed to determine if EPA approval is needed to purchase the equipment Other states, local programs, or EPA should be contacted for questions concerning various monitor performance, upkeep, and problems Since a complete reduced nitrogen monitoring system is made up of various major components, extreme care must be taken to ensure compatibility for all components Reduced nitrogen monitors and monitor/calibrators must meet or exceed the Reference/Equivalent requirements in 40CFR53. All reduced nitrogen monitors must have analog outputs of 0 to 1 volt DC and must operate on 115v AC 60Hz line current. Each unit shall be warranted to perform within the Reference/Equivalent specifications for at least 90% of the first year after initial field start up Data acquisition field systems must be calibrated to accept a 0 to 1 volt DC input, have an accuracy of ±2.3% of 100% full scale response, and must meet other specifications as necessary The State's purchasing procedures require all equipment requisitions exceeding $10,000 to include sufficient specifications for competitive bidding. The specifications must be clear, specific and complete. Any option or special conditions of purchase must be included Within two weeks after receipt of the bids, the Quality Assurance Coordinator and ECB Supervisor will meet to select a specific instrument RECEIPT, ASSEMBLY, INITIAL ADJUSTMENT, AND TESTING The ECB shall conduct operational tests and document the corresponding results on the Operational Test Form (See Appendix B.2) Receipt and Inspection Upon receipt of the instrument, if there is any obvious damage to the shipping container, notify the carrier immediately and hold for inspection. Carefully unpack the monitor and its appurtenances. Install the 17C in the shop on a stable, level surface so that there is easy access to the front and back of the instrument. The contents of the shipping container should contain the analyzer, instrument power cord, air dryer, ozone scrubber, particulate filters, and instruction manual.

18 Page 2 of Verify that all items listed on the "Receiving Report" are included. Mark each as "received". Items back-ordered should be marked "B.O.". Missing items should be marked "missing". Sign, date, and return the Receiving Report to the Branch supervisor after completing For any missing items, call the vendor for an explanation Read the instructions thoroughly for each model monitor. Visually inspect the exterior of all items for damage. If there are obvious damages, notify the carrier and hold for inspection To inspect the internal chassis of the instrument, unsnap the four hold-down latches and remove the cover of the instrument to expose the internal components and check for loose circuit boards, for loose wires, cables, broken components, or other damages. If necessary, contact the manufacturer for assistance Assembly of Model 17C Analyzer Connect a clean, dry sample line of 1/4" Teflon to the port labeled "Sample" on the rear of the instrument as in Figure The length of the tubing should be held to 10 feet or less, if possible Connect the air dryer to the bulkhead labeled "DRY AIR" on the rear of the instrument Connect the exhaust port on the rear of the instrument to the external exhaust sample pump then to the ozone scrubber. Vent to the outside (do not vent into room air). The length of the exhaust line should be 10 feet or less With the cover removed, check to see that the Display, Peripheral Interface, Processor, Memory, Digital/Analog and Counter boards are inserted properly (see if they are tight) into the appropriate connectors. Caution: When removing or installing the boards, ensure that the main power switch is off Insert AC power cord in the connector in rear of control unit and plug into correct AC power surge suppressor outlet. Connect the data logger and back-up data logger as in Figure to the output channels after adjusting the Digital/Analog board as in section Note: All gases should be delivered to the monitor at atmospheric pressure. An atmospheric vent must be used to accomplish this Set the NOx converter temperature controller (Figure ) on the Model 17C to 350 O C ± 5 O C Set the NH 3 converter temperature module to 825 O C

19 Page 3 of 45 17C Front Panel Model 17C Front & Rear Panel Displays Figure

20 NH 3 and NOx Operational Test Calibration Section Page 4 of 45 LOGGING IN The following sequence is used to log onto the PDL and BUDL so that routine checks and calibrations may be conducted via the data logger. a) Turn on the screen and printer. b) Double click on Shortcut to Spltscrn icon located on the Windows 95 desktop. The PDL and BUDL Hyperterminal split screen windows appear. Note: To switch the cursor between the BUDL and PDL windows, press TAB with holding down ALT (ALT-TAB). When each window is selected, the top bar will be highlighted in blue. c) ALT-TAB to the BUDL (Back Up Data Logger) window. d) Press ESC, then type the two letter site code X X and "AQM" (with no spaces), press enter. This will get you on the backup data logger. Note: The two letter site code is a specific code for each site, contact the ECB for the two letter site code if necessary. e) Press "L" for "Login/set user level", (Note: It will ask for password but you enter the code), press Enter. Choose "C" (the Configuration Menu). Select "D" to configure the data channels. Press "M" to Disable/Mark (Down) Channel offline. Select NOx to select the NOx data and press Enter. Press "M" again and select NH3 and press enter. Press ESC (slowly) until you reach Home Menu. f) To display the NO x and NH 3 channels, press "D" for Real Time Display and then "B" to display the Base Average in one minute readings with flags. g) ALT-TAB to the PDL (Primary Data Logger) window Note: Press ESC at any time to return to the > prompt on the PDL h) Press Alt "S" and type "E" to turn on printer (The printer will only operate when the printer buffer is full) or press Alt "T" to capture text to file. i) On the primary data logger type "!", and enter the 6-character password. At this point, you may select a number of reports that will provide information about the site operation. At a minimum, request "D", "Y", "2", and "F". j) Verify that the 146C Calibrator and the Model 111 Zero Air System is turned on. k) To down the NOx, NH 3 channels, type "#", enter the code, type 05, Press Enter, 08, Press Enter and Enter. Note: If you lose text while viewing the backup data logger screen, press the scroll lock key to the "ON" position and press the up arrow or "Page Up" key. Note: While enabling (upping) or disabling (downing) the NO x and NH 3 channels, the scroll lock key must be in the "OFF" position to select the NO x and NH 3 channels. Note: While in the split screen system the printer will print when: 1) the printer buffer is full. 2) when you exit the split screen system

21 Page 5 of Verify that the TEI Model 146C Calibrator s NO x and NH 3 Tank PPM is set to the same value as the NO x and NH 3 concentration of the lab cylinders as follows: 1. While in Remote mode, hit the MENU pushbutton on the 146C until you bring up the Main Menu. 2. From the Main Menu, use the ENTER and pushbuttons to select Flow Controls > Automatic Settings > Gas A Dilution 3. Press ENTER to select or MENU to return to a previous menu if a mistake is made. 4. From Gas A Dilution select the Span 1 Parameter. 5. In the Span 1 Parameter screen, verify that the Tank PPM is set to the same value as NO X concentration of the on-site cylinder. 6. Hit MENU until you reach the main menu. 7. From the Main Menu, use the ENTER and pushbuttons to select Flow Controls > Automatic Settings > Gas B Dilution 8. Again, check the Span 1 parameter screen in Gas B Dilution, and verify that the NH 3 Tank PPM is set to match the on-site NH 3 cylinder. If the Tank PPM values do not match the lab cylinders, change the settings in the Span 1 parameters screen to match the lab cylinders. If the Tank PPM and the NO X / NH 3 concentrations of the on-site cylinders match, then proceed to to begin the zero and start the unadjusted calibration. UNADJUSTED NO x /NH 3 ZERO Begin a Zero. Type "C", type the 6-character Access Code, press Enter to "Activate which events in a sequence?", then type "05" and press Enter for "Activate which event?". The NO x /NH 3 zero should begin. Press Enter when asked "Deactivate which Event" Press M, and for "view which columns?" type 06 and 08 press Enter. The data logger will display continuous one minute updates for NO x and NH 3 until ESC is pressed Recording the NO x /NH 3 zero Allow the Model 17C microprocessor to stabilize for at least 30 minutes, until the zero values are stable. Average and record five one-minute readings of NH 3 and NO x, in ppb, from the Primary and Backup Data Logger windows, into the logbook. UNADJUSTED NO x SPAN Start the NO x Span and Clear the Zero Mode. Press ESC. Type "C"in the PDL, enter the 6-character Access Code, press Enter for "Activate Which Events in Sequence?" and for "Activate Which Event?", type 06 and press Enter, then type "05" for "Deactivate which event?", and press Enter. The span should begin and the zero should stop Type "M" and type 06 and 08 and press Enter. After the monitor response has stabilized, review the next five one-minute averages on the printout. Mark the data logger values used on the printout.

22 Page 6 of To mathematically calculate the actual NO, NO x, N t, or NH 3 concentration (Ca) of approximately 90 % range of full scale (approximately 45 ppb, 90 ppb or 180 ppb), use the equations below: [NO] Ca = [F NO / (F NO + F ZERO )] [(NO std )] [NO x ] Ca = [F NO / (F NO + F ZERO )] [(NO std ) + (NO 2 ) imp ] [N t ] Ca = [F NO / (F NO + F ZERO )] [(NO std ) + (NO 2 ) imp ] Where: F NO + F ZERO = calibrated flows in sccm. [NO 2 ] imp = NO 2 impurity in cylinder (on certification sheet) [NO std ], [(NH 3 std )] = certified NO and NH 3 gas concentrations (on cylinders) Note: To convert liters to sccm, multiply liters by To convert ppm to ppb multiply by After minutes, verify that the analyzer data logger has stabilized to obtain a level span trace. Verify that the display shows appropriate NOx concentrations. If not, press the "RUN" button until the NOx is displayed. Check that NO x are reading the ECB preprogrammed 146C values and the mathematically calculated NO x span value Average and record the last 5 minutes of averaged NO, NO x, N t readings from the analyzer front panel and NO x on the primary data logger and backup data logger readings in the instrument logbook. UNADJUSTED GAS PHASE TITRATION From the Gas A Dilution Run screen, record the zero air and gas flow necessary to produce the Span 1 output ppm To do a gas phase titration, you must duplicate the flows in the span. Note the zero and gas flows of the span point, and set them for the GPT as follows on the 146C: a. Press Enter to put the 146C in Local mode. Hit MENU until you reach the main menu screen. From main menu, select FLOW CONTROLS and then MANUAL SETTINGS. b. In MANUAL SETTINGS, use the to change the ZERO AIR and GAS A flows to match those annotated in step 2. Press Enter to accept. Note: Once the flows are set, further adjustments are not necessary unless something changes such as a gas cylinder or an adjusted calibration is required NO 2 SPAN (Gas Phase Titration: for bi-weekly converter efficiency calculation) After recording the Span 1 Event (including the flows), start the Gas Phase Titration as follows: 1. While the Span 1 Event is still running, do the following: a. Press ENTER to put the 146C in Local Mode. Note: Going to Local Mode WITHOUT a Remote event running could damage the 146C. b. Press MENU until you bring up the Main Menu.

23 Page 7 of 45 c. Select Flow Modes > GPT d. Change the GPT/GAS X prompt to GPT/GAS A using the arrows e. Press ENTER to accept f. After the Saving Parameters prompt stops flashing, press Run. In the GPT Run screen, make sure you are at the option. If not, then press Run to scroll through all options (, Levels 2-5, and ZERO) until you arrive at the arrow option. Press ENTER to accept. Note: When there is a question mark (?) next to a setting, it means that the setting is inactive. If the question mark is removed, then the setting is active or live (the setting is what you are doing). g. Note your GPT zero air and GPT gas flows when you re running the GPT. If the flows are not exactly equal to the Span 1 zero air and gas flows that you recorded in , phone the ECB for guidance. 2. Once the GPT is running, use the arrows to adjust the O 3 LEVEL (percent ozonation) to 20%, press Enter to accept and allow readings to stabilize. The stabilized NO X readings should agree with the original NO X span value if the right amount of NO 2 is being converted to NO. Starting from 20% ozonation, slowly increase the O3 level until the NO readings drop to 10-20% of the span value (e.g. if the NO span is 90 ppb, increase the percent ozone level slowly until the monitor stabilizes at an NO reading of approximately 9-18 ppb). Usually, an O 3 level set between 20-30% accomplishes the required NO reduction. Once set, the O 3 level will work with other calibrations unless something changes such as a gas cylinder or an ozonator lamp. IMPORTANT: During the GPT, the NO reading must not be allowed to decrease by more than 90% of its original full scale span value (45 ppb for a 0-50 ppb range or 180 pbb for the ppb range) so that adequate NO is available for the NO/O 3 reaction and enough NO remains for accurate NO 2 calculations. If the NO reading drops by more then 90% (e.g. below 4.5 for a NO full scale span of 45 ppb), reduce the output of the calibrator until an acceptable NO reading is achieved Allow approximately 45 to 60 minutes for the NO 2 trace to stabilize. Verify the display is showing NO 2 concentration, pressing the "DISP' button to obtain "2". Note: The 146C will interrupt the current Local Mode by automatically switching back to Remote after one-hour. To prevent this, press Run while in Local Mode to cycle through the options (, Levels 2-5, and ZERO) until you are back to the original option ( ) - the one you are running or the one without the "?". This will push the one-hour window forward to the time you cycled through the options Calculate and record the resultant NO 2 logbook values using the following formula: [NO 2 ] Ca =[NO] orig -[NO] rem + D [NO 2 ] imp i.e. [NO 2 ] Ca = 180 ppb - 20 ppb +.7 ppb = ppb where: [NO 2 ] Ca = NO 2 concentration at the output manifold, ppb [NO] orig = original NO concentration before titration with O 3, ppb [NO] rem = NO concentration after titration with O 3, ppb [NO 2 ] imp = NO 2 impurity in cylinder NO 2 Impurity = NO x -NO values on certification sheets (i.e.,.7 ppm = 11.7 ppm ppm or 700 ppb = 11,700 ppb 11,000 ppb) F NO = NO flow rate, sccm

24 F ZERO = Zero air flow rate, sccm (ozone flow rates included) D = Dilution ratio, F NO /(F NO +F ZERO ) Section Page 8 of 45 Note: NO 2 impurity may be listed as an additional factor in certified Protocol NO gas received from the manufacturer. If so, this additional NO 2 must be included when calculating the total NO 2 concentration generated during gas phase titration. Note: To convert liters to sccm, multiply liters by To convert ppm to ppb multiply by After the appropriate time period, look for a stable NO 2 trace of about 10 minutes data logger duration Enter 5 minutes of averaged NO, NO x, N t, and NO 2 data logger and Backup data logger data into the calibration section of the logbook Document each point on the computer printout with the pollutant and calculated concentration for NO, NO x, N t, and NO 2. Complete the NO x and NO 2 zero/span page in the logbook Calculate converter efficiency for required biweekly checks as follows: %C.E. = { [NO 2 ] conv /[NO 2 ] Ca } 100 Where [NO 2 ] Ca = calculated concentration of NO 2 [NO 2 ] conv = [NO 2 ] Ca - ([NO x ] orig - [NO x ] rem ) [NO x ] orig = original concentration of NO x prior to addition of O 3, ppb [NO x ] rem = NO x concentration remaining after addition of O 3, ppb Record converter efficiency in the logbook. If converter efficiency is less than 96%, recheck calculations, and troubleshoot the instrument. If converter efficiency remains low, contact the Electronics and Calibration Unit When the titration finishes do the following: a. Press MENU b. Select Flow Modes c. From Flow Modes select Gas A Dilution d. Press Enter e. After the Savings Parameters prompt stops flashing, press Run The 146C is now set-up to run the calibration points or the precision check. To cycle through the points press Run, to accept press Enter. CHECKING THE NO x CALIBRATION POINTS If the calibration points are not programmed into the 146C, program the 146C calibrator to output span gas at 50% and 16% dilution as follows: 1. From the Flow Controls menu choose AUTOMATIC SETTINGS. 2. From AUTOMATIC SETTINGS, use to choose GAS A DILUTION. 3. Press ENTER to select or MENU to return to a previous menu if a mistake is made. 4. Once in GAS A DILUTION, press to move the cursor to the SPAN1 PPM level.

25 Page 9 of Select the SPAN 1 level by pressing ENTER. 6. When the SPAN 1 Parameters screen is displayed, use to choose TANK PPM. 7. In the Tank PPM screen, press to move the underscore to the digit to be changed. 8. Use to increment or decrement the underscored digit until the PPM matches the concentration of the NO/NO Y cylinder at the site. 9. Press ENTER to accept the revised Tank PPM. 10. Press MENU to return to the SPAN 1 Parameters Settings screen. 11. From the SPAN 1 Parameters Settings screen, use to choose OUTPUT PPM. 12. Press ENTER to select. 13. To change the Output PPM setting: press to move the underscore to the digit to be changed. Press to increment or decrement the underscored digit to 90% of the full-scale range of the 17C [for example, set the Output PPM to PPM (45 PPB) for a range of.05 PPM (50 PPB)]. 14. Press ENTER to accept the revised output PPM. 15. Press RUN to return to the Run screen. 16. Repeat steps 6-15 to set the 50% (Span 2), and 16% (Span 3) span levels in AUTOMATIC SETTINGS, as necessary for calibrations or precision checks Generate a NO X calibration / precision point (as required) by pressing: 1. Press Run to scroll through the calibration points (Span 2 and Span 3): a. Span 2 = 50% full scale / calibration point b. Span 3 = 16% full scale / precision + calibration point 2. When desired calibration point is displayed on the 146C LCD, press Enter to activate. 3. Allow minutes for the readings to stabilize, record and average the last 5 data values. 4. Repeat steps 1-3 as necessary for the calibration 5. When the calibration is complete, press Run to scroll back to Span Press Enter to accept. 7. Press MENU until you bring up the Main Menu 8. From the Main Menu go to Flow Modes > Standby > Press Enter to put the 146C Local Mode in Standby. 9. Press Enter again to place the 146C back in Remote Mode, and proceed to to start the NH 3 span. UNADJUSTED NH 3 SPAN Start the NH 3 Span and Clear the NO X span. Press ESC. Type "C", enter the 6-character Access Code, press Enter for "Activate Which Events in Sequence?" and for "Activate Which Event?", type 04 and press Enter, then type "06" for "Deactivate which event?", and press Enter. The NH 3 span should begin and the NO x span should stop Type "M" and type 06 and 08 and press Enter To mathematically calculate the actual NH 3 concentration (Ca) of approximately 90 % of full scale range (approximately 45, 90 or 180 ppb), use the equations below:

26 Page 10 of 45 [NH 3 ] Ca = [F NO / (F NO + F ZERO )] [(NH 3 std )] 1000 ppb/ppm Where: F NO + F ZERO = calibrated flows in sccm. [(NH 3 std )] = certified NH 3 gas concentrations (on cylinder) Note: To convert liters to sccm, multiply liters by Wait approximately 90 minutes until the analyzer data logger has stabilized to obtain a level span trace. Verify that the display shows appropriate NH 3 concentrations. If not, press the RUN button until the NH 3 is displayed. Check that the NH 3 is reading the ECB preprogrammed 146C values and the mathematically calculated NH 3 span value Wait approximately 90 minutes until the monitor response has stabilized; average and record the next five one-minute averages on the printout. Mark the data logger values used on the printout. CHECKING THE NH 3 CALIBRATION POINTS Program the Gas B Dilution Span levels of 90, 50, and 16 percent following the procedures in Generate a NH 3 calibration / precision point (as required) by pressing: 1. Press Run to scroll through the calibration points (Span 2 and Span 3): a. Span 2 = 50% full scale / calibration point b. Span 3 = 16% full scale / precision + calibration point 2. When desired calibration point is displayed on the 146C LCD, press Enter to activate. 3. Allow minutes for the readings to stabilize, record and average the last 5 data values. 4. Repeat steps 1-3 as necessary for the calibration 5. When the calibration is complete, press Run to scroll back to Span Press Enter to accept. 7. Press MENU until you bring up the Main Menu 8. From the Main Menu go to Flow Modes > Standby > Press Enter to put the 146C Local Mode in Standby. 9. Press Enter again to place the 146C back in Remote Mode, and proceed to to stop remote events. 10. Deactivate the NH 3 span ZERO/SPAN RECHECK Zero/span rechecks are performed after the analyzer is calibrated to ensure that the monitoring system is operating properly and that the calibration is holding within required limits. 1. After the initial calibration a 24 hour zero/span is performed. Repeat Section through 6 to ensure the analyzer meets the zero/span drift requirements for the 24-hour check. The zero drift should be negligible and span drift for NO x and NH 3 cannot exceed ± 1% full scale from the previous day's testing. Record the results on the Calibration Test form.

27 Page 11 of Make no adjustments but recheck the zero/span responses after a total of 72 hours from the original calibration. If the zero is within ± 1 ppb of the original zero and the span is within ± 1 ppb of the original span, record the responses on the Calibration Test form. IF the zero/span is not within these ranges after 72 hours, recheck the photomultiplier tube (PMT) as necessary. Troubleshoot the monitor according to section M. If the analyzer is still not within range, contact the manufacturer. 3. Verify the instrument passed all tests and forward the Calibration Test Form, and the initial Calibration form to the Air Quality ECB Supervisor. The Supervisor will copy and send the original information to QA Headquarters for review and acceptance of the monitor. Upon review and acceptance of the Operational Test information QA Headquarters will notify the Supervisor that the monitor is approved for field use INVENTORY Upon approval of the tested unit, it shall be added to the fixed asset system. For each monitor, apply an inventory decal and complete an inventory load sheet showing the planned monitor location. Submit the inventory load sheet to the Branch supervisor PREVENTATIVE AND ROUTINE MAINTENANCE PREVENTATIVE MAINTENANCE Caution: All Power should be turned off on the instrument before any electrical maintenance is performed A. INSPECTION AND REPLACEMENT OF CAPILLARIES (ECB ONLY) Converter Module The following procedure should be performed every three months. 1. Turn the instrument off and unplug the power cord. 2. Remove the cover of the converter module. 3. Locate the heated capillary holder (see Figure 7-3).

28 Page 12 of Remove the Cajon fitting(s) from the reaction chamber body using a 5/8" wrench. 5. Remove the glass capillary(s) (part no. 4121) and O-ring (part no. 4800). Inspect O-ring for cuts or abrasion. If cut or abraded, replace. 6. Check capillary for particulate deposits. Clean or replace as necessary. 7. Replace capillary in holder, making sure the O-ring is around the capillary before inserting it into the body. 8. Replace Cajon fitting. Note that the Cajon fitting should be replaced only hand tight. 9. Re-install the instrument cover. Analyzer Module The following procedure should be performed on a three month basis: 1. Turn the instrument off and unplug the power cord. 2. Remove the instrument cover. 3 Locate the reaction chamber/capillary holder (see Figure 7-3). 4. Remove the Cajon fittings from the reaction chamber body using a 5/8" wrench. 5. Remove the glass capillaries (P/N 4121) and O-rings (P/N 4800). Inspect 0rings for cuts or abrasion. If cut or abraded, replace. 6. Check the capillary for particulate deposits. Clean or replace as necessary. 7. Replace the capillary in the reaction chamber body, making sure the O-ring is around the capillary before inserting it into the body. 8. Replace the Cajon fitting. Note that the Cajon fitting should be replaced only hand

29 tight. 9. Re-install the instrument cover. Section Page 13 of 45 B. DIGITAL TO ANALOG CONVERTER TEST The digital to analog converter test is used to fully test the analog outputs. It is normally performed only when a problem with the analog outputs is suspected. From the Main Menu choose Diagnostics. From the Diagnostics menu choose Test Analog Outputs. From the Test Analog Output menu choose Ramp. The analog outputs start at -2.3% (- 23) and then increment by one every second until it reaches 100.0% (1000). A linear output indicates that the analog outputs are operating correctly. C. INSPECTION AND CLEANING OF THERMOELECTRIC COOLER FINS The cooler fins on the photomultiplier tube (PMT) cooler should be inspected and cleaned every six month. This ensures optimum performance. 1. Turn the instrument off and unplug the power cord. 2. Remove the instrument cover. 3. Locate the PMT cooler (Figure 7-2). 4. Blow off the cooler fins using clean pressurized air. It may be more convenient to vacuum the cooler fins. In either case, make sure that any particulate accumulation between the fins has been removed. 5. If necessary, use a small brush to remove residual particulate accumulation. 6. Replace the instrument cover CORRECTIVE MAINTENANCE The following are step-by-step procedures to be used to replace the subassembly modules in the Model 17C. [See maintenance manual for figures and illustrations.] Caution: All Power should be turned off on the instrument before any electrical maintenance is performed. A. REBUILDING PUMP (ECB ONLY) [See Figure 7-4] Equipment Required: Pump Repair Kit (Part No. 9464) Allen Wrench - 3 mm, 4 mm Wrench - 9/16' Needlenose Pliers 1. Wear an antistatic wrist strap. 2. Turn instrument off, unplug the power cord, and remove the instrument cover. 3. Remove the eight socket head screws and washers holding the top metal plate of the pump head (use a 3 mm Allen wrench). IMPORTANT: Note the orientation of the plate for reassembly later on. 4. Discard old Teflon gasket.

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31 Page 15 of 45

32 Page 16 of Remove main body of pump head by removing four socket head screws (use 4 mm Allen wrench). IMPORTANT: Note the correct orientation of the head so as to reassemble it correctly. 6. To remove Teflon diaphragm, loosen and remove the clamping disk by using the tips of blunt needlenose pliers in the dimples of the clamping disk. 7. Discard old Teflon diaphragm. 8. Insert clamping disk into new Teflon diaphragm (consisting of three pieces) and screw clamping disk back into pump head. Do not over-tighten. 9. To remove flapper valve(s), loosen and remove screw and nut holding the flapper valves in place. Replace the old flapper with the new flapper being sure that the flappers are lying completely flat and straight. Be sure the screw head and not the washer is on the smooth side of the pump head. 10. Replace main body of the pump with four socket head screws being sure to use correct orientation as noted in step Place Teflon gasket over main body of pump head. There is only one position that this gasket can be placed so that all eight screw holes in the pump head line up with the holes in the gasket. 12. Replace top plate of pump head with the eight socket head screws and washers being sure the Teflon gasket stays in place. B. PHOTOMULTIPLIER COOLER REPLACEMENT (ECB ONLY) [See Figure 7-5] Equipment Required: Wrench - 7/16' Wrench - 9/16' Nutdriver - 1/4' This procedure is easier if the converter is removed as described in "Converter Removal" later in this chapter. 1. Wear an antistatic wrist strap. 2. Turn instrument off, unplug the power cord, and remove the instrument cover. 3. Disconnect all connectors from temperature control board. 4. Remove plumbing connections to reaction chamber. 5. Unplug signal cable to Input Board, high voltage cable to PMT power supply, and four-pin connector to J7 on DC Power Supply Board. Pull cables through divider panel.

33 Page 17 of Remove four screws holding cooler to floor plate. 7. Lift cooler assembly (with reaction chamber) up and slide forward to remove. 8. Install new cooler by following above procedure in reverse. 9. Re-install the instrument cover. C. REPLACEMENT OF PHOTOMULTIPLIER TUBE [See Figure 7-6] Equipment Required: PMT (Part No. 9925) and/or PMT base (Part No. 9926) Nutdriver - 1/4' Nutdriver - 5/16' 1. Wear an antistatic wrist strap. 2. Turn instrument off, unplug the power cord, and remove the instrument cover. 3. Disconnect the high voltage cable to the PMT power supply and unplug the signal cable to the Input Board. 4. Remove six external #6 screws holding right panel to instrument frame. Remove right rear panel. Note that the cooler fan is attached and if necessary the fan power cord should be unplugged. 5. Pull high voltage and signal cables attached to PMT base through divider panel. 6. Remove the three retaining screws holding PMT base to cooler using 5116' nutdriver. 7. Withdraw PMT and PMT base from cooler assembly. A slight back and forth twisting motion facilitates this procedure. 8. To install PMT, follow above procedure in reverse making sure to backfill the cooler with dry air or nitrogen prior to replacing the PMT.

34 9. Re-install the instrument cover. Section Page 18 of 45 D. REACTION CHAMBER CLEANING AND/OR REMOVAL (ECB ONLY) [See Figure 7-6] Equipment Required: Allen Wrench - 9/64' Wrench - 7/16' Wrench - 9/16' 1. Wear an antistatic wrist strap. 2. Turn instrument off, unplug the power cord, and remove the instrument cover. 3. Remove PMT cooler as described in "Photomultiplier Cooler Replacement" above. Note that if the NO 2 -to-no converter is removed first, as NO 2 -to-no Converter Removal" below, the reaction chamber can be removed without removing the entire PMT cooler. 4. Disconnect the 1/8' line at the mixing tee on the back portion of the reaction chamber. This line is connected to the left 1/8" elbow at the bottom of the front portion of the reaction chamber. 5. Disconnect 1/4" fitting from the exhaust elbow on the front portion of the reaction chamber.

35 Page 19 of Disconnect 1/8' fitting from right 1/8' elbow at the bottom of the front portion of the reaction chamber. 7. Disconnect four-pin connector from temperature control board. 8. Remove the three socket head screws holding front portion of reaction chamber to back portion. This exposes the inner surfaces of both portions of the reaction chamber and the quartz window. To clean these surfaces use cotton swabs and methanol. 9. To continue removing back portion of reaction chamber remove the three socket head screws holding it to cooler, being careful to keep quartz window and red filter in cooler body. 10. To re-install reaction chamber, follow above procedures in reverse, making sure to backfill the cooler with dry air or nitrogen prior to installing reaction chamber. 11. Re-install the instrument cover. E. CONVERTER REMOVAL (ECB ONLY) [See Figures 7-7 and 7-8] Equipment Required: Wrench - 7/16' Wrench - 9/16' Wrench - 1/2' Wrench - 5/8' Screwdriver Nutdriver - 1/4' Nutdriver - 5/16' 1. Wear an antistatic wrist strap. 2. Turn instrument off, unplug the power cord, and remove the instrument cover. 3. Allow converter to cool to room temperature to prevent contact with heated components. 4. Disconnect plumbing at inlet and exit of converter. 5. Disconnect thermocouple leads and heater connector from Temperature Control Board. 6. Remove four screws holding converter housing to floor plate. 7. Remove six screws holding top half of converter housing to bottom half. 8. Remove converter cartridge/heater assembly from bottom converter half. 9. Loosen heater clamp, pry heater apart no wider than necessary and remove converter cartridge, noting proper orientation of heater wires and thermocouple probe. 10. To replace converter, follow above procedure in reverse. 11. Re-install the instrument cover.

36 Page 20 of 45

37 Page 21 of 45 F. N t CONVERTER( MODULE) Equipment Required: Wrench - 7/16' Wrench - 9/16" Wrench - 1/2' Wrench - 5/8' Screwdriver Nutdriver - 1/4' Nutdriver - 5/16' 1. Wear an antistatic wrist strap. 2. Turn instrument off, unplug the power cord, and remove the instrument cover. 3. Allow converter to cool to room temperature to prevent contact with heated components. 4. Loosen and remove the hose clamp holding thermocouple probe and converter exit plumbing together. 5. Disconnect plumbing at inlet and exit of converter. 6. Disconnect thermocouple leads and heater connector from Temperature Control Board.

38 Page 22 of Remove four screws holding converter housing to floor plate. 7. Remove six screws holding top half of converter housing to bottom half. 8. Remove converter cartridge from bottom converter half by sliding through ceramic heater. 10. To replace converter, follow above procedure in reverse. G. SOLENOID VALVE REPLACEMENT (ECB ONLY) Equipment Required: Solenoid Valve (Part No. 8119) Wrench - 5/16' 1. Wear an antistatic wrist strap. 2. Turn instrument off, unplug the power cord, and remove the instrument cover. 3. Disconnect solenoid from DC Power Supply Board. 4. Remove Teflon plumbing at solenoid. 5. Pull solenoid valve from the mounting clip. 6. To replace solenoid, follow above procedure in reverse. 7. Re-install the instrument cover. H. OZONATOR REPLACEMENT (ECB ONLY) Equipment Required: Ozonator Assembly (Part No. 9973) Wrench - 5/8' Nutdriver - 1/4" 1. Wear an antistatic wrist strap. 2. Turn instrument off, unplug the power cord, and remove the instrument cover. 3. Carefully disconnect the plumbing at the glass inlet and outlet of the ozonator. 4. Remove the two screws holding the ozonator to the divider panel. 5. Unplug the ozonator from the ozonator transformer by lifting the ozonator UP- 6. To install the ozonator, follow the above procedure in reverse. 7. Re-install the instrument cover. I. REPLACEMENT OF OZONE TRANSFORMER (ECB ONLY) Equipment Required: Ozonator Transformer (Part No. 9974) Nutdriver - 1/4" 1. Wear an antistatic wrist strap. 2. Turn instrument off, unplug the power cord, and remove the instrument cover. 3. Remove the ozonator assembly as described above. 4. Disconnect the plug from the ozone transformer to the ozone supply board. 5. Remove the four screws holding transformer to the divider plate. 6. To install, follow the above procedure in reverse. 7. Re-install the instrument cover. J. REMOVAL OF INPUT BOARD (ECB ONLY) Equipment Required: Nutdriver - 1/4'

39 Page 23 of Wear an antistatic wrist strap. 2. Turn instrument off, unplug the power cord, and remove the instrument cover. 3. Disconnect the signal and the ribbon cables. 4. Remove the three screws holding the Input Board cover to the divider panel. 5. Disconnect jumper wire from BNC connector to the IN pin on the Input Board. 6. Remove the four screws holding the board to the divider panel. 7. Install by following the above procedure in reverse. 8. Re-install the instrument cover. K. REMOVAL OF HIGH VOLTAGE SUPPLY (ECB ONLY) 1) Unplug high voltage supply from D.C. power supply and PMT base 2) Remove converter assembly as described in section E.4 above. 3) Remove four screws holding H.V. supply to divider panel. 4) Install by following above procedure in reverse. L. D.C. POWER SUPPLY REPLACEMENT (ECB ONLY) 1) Disconnect all plug-in connections from board. 2) Remove screws holding board to chassis and remove board. 3) Install by following above in reverse. Care should be taken to insure the voltage regulators fit into the plugs on the bottom of the board. M. AMMONIA SCRUBBER REPLACEMENT Equipment Required: Wrench - 5/8' Wrench - 1/2" Nut Driver - 5/16" Screwdriver NOTE: There are three ammonia (NH 3 ) scrubbers used in the Model 17C. Two are located in the converter module, and one in the analyzer module. 1. Identify and locate scrubber assembly to be replaced. 2. Disconnect plumbing at both inlet and outlet of scrubber assembly. The disconnection(s) should be made at the Teflon21 fittings at the inlet and outlet and the Teflon 1/8" or 1/4' nuts should be saved. 3. Loosen cable clamps holding scrubber either to floor plate or divider panel and remove. 4. Install by following above procedure in reverse. Note that if necessary, the Teflon fittings on the old scrubber assembly can be reused with the new scrubber. N. PMT HIGH VOLTAGE POWER SUPPLY ADJUSTMENT Use the following procedure to adjust the PMT High Voltage Power Supply after switching from standard to extended ranges or vice versa. This procedure should only be performed by an instrument service technician.

40 Page 24 of 45 CAUTION: Some internal components can be damaged by small amounts of static electricity. A properly grounded antistatic wrist strap must be worn while handling any internal component. 1. Wear an antistatic wrist strap that is properly connected to earth ground. 2. Remove the instrument cover. 3. Set option switch 7 on for extended ranges, or off for standard ranges. 4. Select new NO, NO 2, and NO x ranges. 5. Set background factors NO, NO x and N t to 0.0. Set NH 3 span coefficients NO COEF, NO x COEF, and N t COEF to Set the averaging time to 10 seconds. 7. Allow the instrument to sample NO calibration gas until a stable reading is obtained. 8. Adjust the PMT High Voltage Power Supply potentiometer (this is the potentiometer located on the top of the PMT High Voltage Power Supply) so that the instrument reads the calibration gas. 9. Perform an instrument calibration. For more information about calibration, see Chapter 4, "Calibration." 10. Re-install the instrument cover. Calibration Equipment and Standards EQUIPMENT SELECTION AND PROCUREMENT The Electronics and Calibration Unit (ECB) shall procure air monitoring equipment and supplies for the Ambient Monitoring Section. Guidelines for selection and procurement are as follows Extreme care must be taken to ensure compatibility for all components. Flow rates and concentration outputs must meet the requirements of the monitor Each unit shall be warranted to perform within the purchase specifications for the first year after initial in-field start-up All calibrators must operate on ll5v AC 60Hz line current The State's purchasing procedures require all equipment requisitions exceeding $10,000 to include sufficient specifications for competitive bidding. The specifications must be clear, specific, and complete. Any options or special conditions of purchase must be included INITIAL START-UP The ECB shall conduct and document the results of each operational test Receipt and Inspection Thermo Environmental's Model 146C Multigas Calibrator and Model 111 zero air supply system (including air compressor) are shipped in separate containers. If upon receipt of the calibrator and zero air supply, there is obvious damage to any of the shipping containers, notify Thermo Environmental and the carrier immediately.

41 Page 25 of In addition to the basic calibrator and the zero air supply system you will find the instruction manuals included within the shipping containers. Read the instruction manuals thoroughly To unpack the Model 146C and the Model 111, follow the procedures below Remove the Model 146C and the Model 111 from the shipping containers and set them on a table or bench that allows easy access to the front and rear of the instruments Remove the Model 146C instrument cover by snapping open the four hold-down latches and then lift the cover free of the chassis to expose internal components.

42 Page 26 of 45 Figure Model 146C Front and Rear Panel Display Remove the Model 111 cover from the main frame of the unit exposing the internal components of the instrument. Check for possible damage that may have occurred during shipment. Re-install the cover Remove compressor from shipping container. Unbolt from pallet. Identify coalescing filter and pressure regulator. Check for possible damage during shipment Verify that all items listed on the "Receiving Report" are included. Mark each as "received". Items back-ordered should be marked "B.0." Missing items should be marked "missing". Sign, date, and return the Receiving Report to the unit supervisor after completing Section Calibrator and Zero Air Supply Installation Place the Model 146C Calibrator within 2 meters of the Model 111 air supply. See Figure for a diagram of the calibration system connections Connect a source of zero-air to the inlet port labeled zero-air. The zero-air source should be capable of supplying at least 10 or 20 LPM of zero-air at a pressure in excess of 10 psi if a 10 or 20 LPM mass flow controller has been installed Connect the standard NO gas cylinder to the port labeled A. The NO gas is connected to port A since the gas flow scheme only includes the reaction chamber necessary for gas phase titration, when the NO gas is activated Remote Interconnection

43 Page 27 of 45 Mode change - The mode of operation of the Model 146C is changed manually by use of the pushbutton on the front panel. For remote operation, the pushbutton operation such as flow modes, ozone levels, and gas settings can be simulated by contact closure or TTL logic via the rear panel I/O (DB25) connector. The terminal contacts (of middle connector) are PIN OUT (1) Ground (13) NC (2) NC (14) Ground (3) Input-Ozone/Gas Levels (15) Input-Ozone/Gas Levels (4) Input-Oven (16) Input-Ozone/Gas Levels (5) Input-Flow Mode (17) Input-flow Mode (6) Ground (18) Input-Flow Mode (7) Relay Common (19) Ground (8) Output-General Alarm (20) Relay Common (9) Output-Ozone/Gas Levels (21) Output-Ozone/Gas Levels (10) Output-Oven (22) Output-Ozone/Gas Levels (11) Output-Flow Mode (23) Output-Flow Mode (12) Relay Common (24) Output-Flow Mode (25) Relay Common For assembly of the zero air supply, connect coalescing filter and pressure regulator to output of compressor. Using 1/4" teflon tubing, connect the pressure regulator outlet to the Model 111 input. Using 1/4" teflon tubing, connect the outlet of the Model 111 to the device requiring "zero-air" under pressure. If the compressor's power cord has not been installed at the factory, remove the controller's cover on the compressor. Connect power cord to screw terminals provided. Be sure to connect ground wire as well as line and common. Replace cover. If optional auto drain is being used, remove stop-cock on bottom of tank and install auto drain. Plug the AC line cord into an appropriate a power source. Check the voltage and verify before connecting to the power. For 220 VAC operation a step down transformer is installed internally in the Model 111's case. The compressor is operated directly off the line voltage. Check plate on the pump motor to ascertain voltage and frequency prior to plugging in compressor INVENTORY Upon approval of the tested calibrator, the unit shall be added to the fixed asset system. For each calibrator, apply an inventory decal and complete an inventory load sheet showing the planned calibration location. Submit the inventory load sheet to the unit supervisor CALIBRATION OF TEI 146C NH 3 CALIBRATOR (ECB ONLY) to 10 LPM TEI 146C Mass Flow Controller Calibration Procedure with NIST Traceable Primary Flow Standard (BIOS Dry Cal DC L20K Flow Calibrator) Always leak check the 146C as in Section , before you proceed with calibrating it. For calibration of the 10.0 LPM mass flow controller (i.e., zero air channel), a BIOS Dry Cal DC L20K Flow Calibrator is used display. The following provides a step-by-step procedure for calibrating the zero air channel of the 146C calibrator.

44 Page 28 of Wait one hour for the 146C unit to stabilize. Note: Always leak check the 146C as in Section , before you proceed with calibrating it. 2. When calibrating the zero air mass flow controller (MFC), open the Avg410LPM spreadsheet in the laptop computer by clicking on its icon. Fill out the information requested in red. Save the spreadsheet with the following format for its filename: 146c Calibrator# air or gas date. For example, a 0-10LPM zero air MFC calibration conducted on calibrator 74 on 23 April 2001 would be saved as the filename: 146c74air Note the date format is yymmdd. When calibrating the gas MFC, open the Avg4GAS spreadsheet and save it with the above format. 3. Make sure the Model 146C Service Mode is turned ON (Main Menu Service Service Mode ENTER). The 146C can only be calibrated with the Service Mode in the ON position. 4. After turning on the Service Mode, return to the Main Menu. Select the Service Menu and then select Calibrate ZERO FLOW from the Service Menu. Choose the preprogrammed 100% full scale point in Calibrate ZERO FLOW by scrolling with the arrows. Press ENTER to select. 5. Connect the air supply to the ZERO AIR inlet on the rear of the 146C; connect the DC L20K Dry Cal to the OUTPUT port on the rear of the 146C. If already connected go to step 8. Push the ON button on the Dry-Cal to turn it on. 6. Turn on the air supply and adjust pressure of the zero air supply to 30 psi. 7. Once a flow is established, cap the Vent, and Gas A, B and C ports on the 146C. Wait 5 (five) minutes for the flow to stabilize. 8. Record the ambient pressure and temperature from a barometer and thermometer and insert them in the appropriate cells on the spreadsheet. Enter the Initial Standard Flow (from the 146C front panel display) for the 100% point (or whatever point you are running) into the spreadsheet. 9. After the flow stabilizes, start the automatic averaging mode on the Dry-Cal DC L20K by pushing the READ button. The automatic averaging mode will start. Monitor the display of the Dry-Cal DC L20K during the automatic averaging. At flow reading #10, record the Dry-Cal DC L20K flow calibrator's average of the 10 readings in the first row of the "Flow Read" column of the spreadsheet. Obtain 3 more Dry-Cal averages similar to the first and insert them in the Flow Read column and obtain the AVG. F.R (Average Flow Reading). 10. Verify that all flow readings are within 1% of the Average Flow Reading (AVG. F.R.). If not, then keep getting Dry Cal averages (rerun the point) until the flow readings are within 1% of AVG. F.R and the entire USABLE POINT column in the spreadsheet reads YES.

45 Page 29 of Set the standard flow in the 146C to the Corrected Flow (AVG. F.R.) calculated by the spreadsheet by using the arrows. Press ENTER to select. 12. Repeat steps 3-11 for each of four additional points: 80%, 60%, 40%, and 15%. Remember to wait at least three minutes for the MFC to stabilize at each point sccm Mass Flow Controller Calibration with a Dry Cal DC L500. To calibrate the 0-100sccm gas MFC, follow the procedure in However, make the following changes: (i) use a BIOS Dry-Cal DC L500 Flow Calibrator; (ii) in step 5, connect the pressurized air to GAS A instead of the ZERO AIR inlet; (iii) in step 7, cap off the VENT, ZERO AIR and the GAS B and C manifolds on the rear of the 146C. The rest of the procedure remains the same. When certified, the calibrator will have a tag reading: 146C SN Date Certified Date Expires Tech ROUTINE MAINTENANCE The following section describes the step-by-step adjustment and replacement procedures for the Model 146C and the Model 111 zero air supply. Fault location and the need for service adjustments are accomplished in the troubleshooting guide in Appendix K. This section assumes that the subassembly has been identified and needs service or replacement Leak Checking the 146C (ECB ONLY) Equipment Required: Teflon caps - 1/4" and 1/8" 1. Turn on the power to the 146C. Let the 146C unit stabilize for 24 hours. 2. Press ENTER to put 146C in Local Mode. 3. Goto Main Menu Flow Controls Manual Settings Zero Air. Set Zero Air to 50% of the Mass Flow Controller (MFC) full scale. Press ENTER to accept (the? beside the 2 nd line should go away). Wait until the Saving Parameters prompt stops flashing. 4. Goto Main Menu Flow Modes Gas A Dilution. Press ENTER to accept. Press Run to start Gas A Dilution. Press Run again to cycle the span indicator to the MAN level. Press ENTER to accept. 5. Leak check Zero Air with Gas A Dilution on. Hook the zero air supply to the zero air inlet manifold on the rear of the 146C making sure the zero air supply is set to deliver air at 8 psi or less. Caution: Failure to reduce pressure to below 8 PSI when output is capped can cause damage to the Model 146C. 6. Wait to establish flow through the 146C at reduced pressure. Once flow is established, cap both output fittings of the manifold (labeled "VENT" and "OUTPUT"). Pressure will go up somewhat when "OUTPUT" is capped. Caution: Failure to reduce pressure to below 8 PSI when output is capped can cause damage to the Model 146C. 7. Zero air-flow should gradually decrease to 2% of MFC full scale if no leak is present. When the flow stops, take off the "VENT" plug to release pressure 8. Leak check GAS A by switching the zero air line to the GAS A inlet and capping the zero air inlet making sure the zero air supply is set to deliver air at 8 psi or less. Set flow for

46 Page 30 of % of the MFC full scale as in 3. Caution: - Failure to reduce pressure to below 8 PSI when output is capped can cause damage to the Model 146C. 9. Establish flow through the analyzer again. Once the flow develops cap the "VENT" to stop the flow. 10. The gas flow should gradually decrease to a reading less then 2% of MFC full scale if no leak is present. Since the sum of the volumes of the mixing and reaction chamber is about 1/3 liter, it will typically take a few minutes for the flow to go to zero in a leak-free system. 11. If no leak is found, turn off the zero air and remove caps on manifold. 12. If the system is found to have a leak, the location can easily be found by following a systematic approach. For the Model 146C, a systematic approach starting at the mass flow controllers and capping-off more and more of the system, seems to work the best. It has also been found to be helpful to leak check the reaction and mixing chambers independently. This is most readily accomplished by connecting these chambers directly to the low flow mass flow controller and capping the outlet of the chamber Solenoid Replacement (ECB ONLY) There are four (4) different solenoids used on the Model 146C. The following instructions cover all cases. Equipment Required: Solenoid (For Part No. see 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 below) Open end wrench - 5/8", 9/16" Nut driver - 1/4" 1. Disconnect power and remove cover. 2. Unplug defective solenoid from cable connecting to logic board. 3. Disconnect all teflon lines from defective solenoid. 4. Gas solenoid on rear panel. a) Loosen and remove nut holding defective solenoid onto rear panel. Remove solenoid. b) Remove fittings from solenoid. c) Install fittings into new solenoid in same manner as they were removed. d) Install new solenoid in reverse manner. 5. Zero air solenoid. a) Loosen all fittings holding solenoid. b) Remove four screws holding flowmeter bracket onto floor plate. c) Move flow meter bracket forward to loosen solenoid. d) Remove solenoid. e) Install new solenoid in reverse order. 6. Ozone solenoid. a) Loosen and remove bracket holding ozone solenoid onto divider panel. b) Remove ozonator assembly (see below). c) Remove ozonator solenoid from ozonator. d) Install new solenoid in reverse order. 7. Bypass solenoid. a) Remove flowmeter bracket. b) Remove solenoid from flowmeter bracket. c) Install new solenoid in reverse order. 8. After replacement of any solenoid, leak check following Section above.

47 Page 31 of Logic Board Replacement (ECB ONLY) Equipment Required: Nut driver - 1/4", 5/16" New logic board (Part No. 8179) 1. Disconnect power and remove cover. 2. Unplug all cables to Logic Board. 3. Remove Logic Board - sheet metal assembly by removing two (2) nuts and two (2) screws holding assembly onto chassis. 4. Unplug DVM and potentiometer cables from Logic Board. 5. Remove Logic Board from sheet metal by removing five (5) screws holding Logic Board. 6. Install new Logic Board by following the above directions in reverse Ozonator Power Supply Replacement (ECB ONLY) Equipment Required: New ozonator power supply Screw driver Nut driver - 1/4" 1. Disconnect power and remove cover. 2. Unplug lamp, heater and cable to main power supply. 3. Remove seven (7) screws holding ozonator power supply board to bracket and remove board with a gently, but firm upwards pull. 4. Check that transformer is wired for proper voltage. 5. If regulators are being replaced make sure orientation is correct. Compare to PC board. 6. Install new ozonator power supply by following the above procedure in reverse. Care should be exercised to assure that the voltage regulators fit into the plugs or the board Ozonator Lamp Replacement (ECB ONLY) Equipment Required: Replacement lamp (P/N #8645) Allen wrench - 7/64" 1. Disconnect power and remove cover. 2. Unplug lamp from ozonator power supply. 3. Slide insulation off the lamp handle onto the lamp cord. 4. Loosen both Allen screws holding down lamp clamp. 5. Carefully slide lamp out of ozonator housing. 6. Slide insulation off of old lamp and slide onto new lamp. 7. Carefully slide new lamp into ozonator housing until it bottoms. Pull lamp out approximately 1/16" to allow for expansion, when the lamp warms up tighten Allen screw. 8. Plug lamp into ozonator power supply, replace cover, and reconnect power Ozonator Heater Replacement (ECB ONLY) Equipment Required: New heater (P/N #8593) Allen wrench - 7/64" Screw driver Heat conductive compound 1. Disconnect power and remove cover. 2. Unplug heater from ozonator power supply.

48 Page 32 of Remove top flange of ozonator housing. 4. Remove ozonator heater block from ozonator by removing four (4) Allen screws. 5. Coat new heater block with a thin film of heat conductive compound. 6. Install new ozonator heater block by following the above procedure in reverse Mass Flow Controller Replacement (ECB ONLY) Equipment Required: Nut driver - 1/4", 5/16" New mass flow controller for 10 LPM (P/N #8129) New mass flow controller for 100 SCCM (P/N #8128) 1. Disconnect power and remove cover. 2. Loosen all four (4) fittings to mass flow controllers and three (3) fittings from bypass solenoid. 3. Remove four (4) screws holding flow controller bracket to chassis. 4. Remove flow controller assembly. 5. Remove defective flow controller from bracket by removing the two (2) screws holding flow controller to bracket. 6. Install new flow controller by following the above directions in reverse. 7. Leak check system Replacement of DVM Equipment Required: Nut driver - 1/4" DVM - P/N # Disconnect power and remove cover. 2. Unplug cable from DVM to logic board. 3. Loosen four (4) nuts holding DVM to front panel and remove defective DVM. 4. Install new DVM in reverse order Maintenance of Model 111 Zero Air Supply System Thermo Environmental's Model 111 Zero Air Supply System has been designed with ease of maintenance as an important criterion. Components and sub-assemblies have been selected for high performance, excellent stability and long life. The exact life times of the scrubbing material is hard to predict. It is dependent upon flow, pressure, and level of contaminate. For most applications the following recommendations should be followed: A. WEEKLY: If optional automatic drain valve is not installed, open stop-cock on bottom of tank and drain water. MONTHLY: Check the condition of the Purafil. Fresh Purafil is purple. It becomes brown when it is used up. Replace when the purple color represents less than 20% of the volume. To replace, turn off power and unplug. Wait until reactor cools down. Remove the cartridge holding the Purafil. Unscrew cap, dump out used Purafil in a garbage bag and discard in the trash bin. Replace with fresh Purafil. Screw on cover and replace cartridge. YEARLY: Replace the charcoal. The procedure is the same as replacing Purafil, outlined in 1 above.

49 Page 33 of 45 B. PUMP: When it is observed that the pump is having difficulty keeping the pressure, rebuild the pump. The directions are given on the pump data sheet included in Section A. Call ECB for replacement. Field Activities and Data Handling ON-SITE INSTALLATION After the regional office has obtained a site by permission from the site owner, and after the site has been approved by the Network Coordinator and EPA, the Electronics and Calibration Branch (ECB) will install the monitor and its appurtenances. Electrical power should be secured by the regional office, including new wiring, etc., prior to the installation of the monitor equipment. The approved site location must meet the applicable site requirements of all of Section 2.2 of this QA program The monitor must be installed in a building where the room temperature extremes do not fall below 20ºC (68ºF ) or exceed 30º C (86ºF). The location must be generally unavailable to the public The sampling probe and lines must be either borosilicate glass, stainless steel, or FEP Teflon, must be clean, and must have a sample residence time of less than 20 seconds and be held to a length of 10 feet or less if possible. The inlet line should be wrapped with removable polyurethane foam in order to prevent condensation. In extreme cases, heat tape may be used. WARNING: Do not plug in the monitor, calibrator, modem, data logger, and interface box until all cables are connected. ELECTRICAL SHOCK AND/OR EQUIPMENT DAMAGE MAY OCCUR OTHERWISE The vent for the TEI 146C calibrator will be plugged Connect the calibrator sample line from the 146C OUT bulkhead to the solenoid mounted on the back of the NH 3 converter Make the remaining connections to the monitor, calibrator, modem, data logger, backup data logger and interface boxes as shown in Figure "Wiring Diagram" and in Figure "Plumbing Connections".

50 17C Wiring Diagram Figure Section Page 34 of 45

51 Page 35 of 45 Figure Plumbing System Connect all instruments and support equipment power cords to a grounded surge suppressor which is connected to a 115v AC, 60 Hz grounded receptacle. Note: The compressor must be plugged into a wall socket, not a surge suppressor Configure the Modem as follows to auto answer on the first ring and to operate at 2400bps. Do not turn on modem until after has been fully completed Next the data logger must be configured and initialized, if it has not already been done Turn on the monitor main power, the 111 Zero Air System, the 146C calibrator, modem, data logger, backup data logger, printer, and computer. At this point, verify the monitor, calibrator, Zero Air system, data logger and BUDL power lights are on. Also verify or set the 111 temperature to 350 C Turn on computer and CRT Set up the PASSWORDS for 6002 Data logger: a) to enter new passwords, press Ctrl and E simultaneously, then enter the new third level password; b) enter the new general password and press the return key; c) enter the new Access Code and press the return key.

52 Page 36 of Checking and Setting Time: All clocks must be synchronized within 1 minute of each other Check and Set the Primary Time/Date First a) Turn on the screen and printer. b) Double click on the Shortcut to Spltscrn icon located on the Windows 95 desktop. The PDL and BUDL HyperTerminal split screen windows appear. b) Compare PDL time to the time on a fixed timepiece (watch with a second hand). e) Press ESC, then type in the password to the primary. f) Answer "View which columns?" with 01 g) Answer "In volts or Engineering Units?" with E h) Press CTRL Z to stop the time polling. I) Press Shift $ to change the time and check/set the date. j) Make PDL time agree with the time which you observe on your fixed timepiece (i.e. wristwatch). k) Press Enter. Press Shift 1 without entering the password to log out of PDL Set Secondary BUDL Time: a) Press ALT-TAB to go to Secondary data logger (BUDL). b) Press ESC and type in Site Code (this will prompt the menu screen). c) Press L (this will log you in). Press Enter. d) Type in the password and press Enter. e) Type C (this is the Config. Menu). f) Type S (this is the Config. System Parameters). g) Press Down Arrow to Logger Time. Press Enter. h) Match this time value to the time value you observe on the upper split screen (the Primary Data logger Time). I) Type in the corrected time and press Enter. j) Press ESC, ESC (slowly) (this takes you back to the Home Menu). k) Type O (the letter O) to Logout/Exit Set Computer Time: a) Place mouse pointer on Time Display located at far right bottom of monitor screen. Click the right mouse button. b) Select Adjust date and time and enter correct date and time Initialization: Press the "I" key to begin the initialization process. The data system will ask for the Access Code and then a series of questions to which the operator must respond. The questions will appear on the computer. The operator will use the keyboard to answer the questions and his responses will appear on the computer. The questions should be answered as shown in Appendix (at the back of this section) for 6002 for a typical UAM site. For those answers that do not need to be changed, you may use the "return" key. If you need to re-ask a previous question use the " ^ " key, "Events" also must be initialized. At the prompt type + and answer the

53 Page 37 of 45 questions as shown in Appendix If needed, use the " ^ " key to ask the existing question over again Manually poll the BUDL to flag, review and print data: Click on Utilities and select Manual Poll Flag Data with an Open Memo. When the Polling finishes: Double click the Graph Icon on the DigiTrends Screen. Choose one-minute data to graph. Choose the NO parameter to graph. Choose the Beginning Graph Date and Hour: MM/DD/YY/HH by clicking on the calendar window. Choose the number of hours to display (on graph) on one screen, choose one of the following: Find the place in the graph where you started the initialization routine (downed channels) by scrolling with the > or < button. To enter a memo on a strip chart graph: Click the exact point on a trace where you want the memo to be attached. That selected data point will then be displayed as a small square on the trace. This may be difficult to do. Try to select a point near the intended point if unable to select the intended point. Remember near intended point. Hold down the Shift key on the keyboard and click the left mouse button on that data point again. A blank memo screen will appear. Type the memo in the text box near the bottom of the screen. Document in the text box section Site equipment installed and any other pertinent information. Click OK to save the memo. (Note: Saved memos cannot be altered or deleted). On the graph, a large dot will appear on the trace where the saved memo was entered. To open and review the information in a previous memo or add additional comments for the same memo point, click the mouse pointer on the large dot representing the memo you want to open. Hold down the Shift key and click the left mouse button again. Scrolling Features: The > or < buttons allow you to scroll forward and backward in time (along the x-axis). For example, if one-minute data is being graphed and the Scrolling Interval is set to three, the graph will scroll forward in three minute intervals each time the > button is clicked or backward three minutes each time the < button is clicked. To select a scrolling interval, click the down arrow for a drop-down list. Interval choices are 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24. The default is 1 interval Repeat the procedures in for the NH 3 parameter Proceed to to calibrate the monitoring system. Caution: Always follow these general precautions in handling and storing zero and span gas cylinders:

54 Page 38 of 45 a. Never drop cylinders or permit them to strike each other violently. b. Cylinders may be stored in the open, but in such cases should be secure from children and vandals, and they must be protected against extremes of weather and, to prevent rusting, from the dampness of the ground. Cylinders should be stored in the shade in areas where extreme temperatures are prevalent. c. The valve protection cap should be left on each cylinder until it has been secured against a wall or bench, or placed in a cylinder stand, and it is ready to be used. d. Avoid dragging, rolling, or sliding cylinders, even for a short distance. e. Never tamper with safety devices in valves or cylinders. f. Do not store full and empty cylinders together. Serious suckback can occur when an empty cylinder is attached to a pressurized system. g. No part of a cylinder should be subjected to a temperature higher than 125 ºF. A flame should never be permitted to come in contact with any part of a compressed gas cylinder. h. Do not place cylinders where they may become part of an electric circuit. i. The gas cylinders should be fitted with two-stage regulators with the appropriate CGA cylinder connection. j. Do not use adapter fittings between the cylinder and its regulator. k. Under no circumstances should any type of lubricant be used on regulators and cylinder valves. l. Where pipe fittings are installed, a small amount of Teflon tape or Teflon paste pipe dope should be used on male threads. Do not use pipe sealants on ferrule type fittings. m. No cylinder gas should be used below a cylinder pressure of 200 psi as shown by the cylinder gas regulator. n. Cylinders should be chained or strapped to a fixed stand CALIBRATION The purpose of calibration is to correlate the output of a monitoring system with known, traceable concentrations. Initial unadjusted zero / span / titration checks may be performed by the ECB following any one of the activities listed below: a. A new site installation (leave on-site adjustment to site operators) b. A monitor replacement (leave on-site adjustment to site operators) c. A calibrator replacement (leave on-site adjustment to site operators) d. Any repairs which may affect the calibration of the instrument such as particulate filters or capillary, pump, solenoid, I-Box, and ozone lamp replacements. Note: Do not perform checks or calibrations between 6:00 AM to 9:00 AM (Local Standard Time). This is an important data collection period. ECB has the authority to conduct unadjusted or adjusted calibrations as required in any order necessary (adjusted checks must be conducted for troubleshooting purposes only). (In contrast, Site Operators must make no monitor adjustments before unadjusted calibrations). Moreover, ECB is not required to conduct paired calibrations to bracket data, as are site operators. Instead ECB may perform singular unadjusted or adjusted checks as necessary If not already connected, attach the TEI 111 zero air source and compressor to the zero air inlet of the Model 146C (See Section ) Ensure that the compressor's large gauge is reading psi and psi on the small gauge, and psi on the zero air box Connect a reliable source of NO gas to the port "A" on the back of the 146C with a 10 to 20 psi pressure and a flow of at least 150 sccm.

55 Two-Stage Stainless Steel Regulator Preparation (ECB only) Section Page 39 of 45 A. Gas cylinder pressure regulators must be prepared before initial use. Precaution must be taken to remove oxygen and other contaminants from the NH 3 pressure regulator and delivery system prior to the start of calibration. Failure to do so can cause significant errors in calibration. Purging the regulator before use can minimize this problem. Once purged, the regulator is left connected to the NH 3 gas cylinder with NH 3 gas in the regulator. B. The NH 3 gas regulator is purged by the following procedure: 1. Connect a stainless steel, two-stage pressure regulator to a Protocol II NH 3 gas cylinder and tighten with wrench. 2. Attach line which is vented outside the monitoring room to the regulator and open second stage output valve. Allow several minutes to pass while air is being removed from regulator. 3. Close second stage output valve and open cylinder valve. Allow regulator to pressurize. 4. Close cylinder valve and open second stage output valve with line still attached. Allow several minutes to be evacuated. 5. Repeat steps 3 and 4 several times, finally ending with the regulator filled with NH 3 gas, the tank valve open and the second stage output valve closed. 6. Connect the appropriate stainless steel line from the regulator to the calibrator fitting on the back panel of the Model 146C. 7. Prepare the cylinders to deliver the proper flow rate as follows: a. Open the main cylinders valve all the way counterclockwise. b. Set the regulator pressure at p.s.i. c. Fully open the needle valve Connect the 146C calibrator to a stainless steel regulator with 1/8" stainless steel tubing. Caution: Ensure the analyzer is sampling at atmospheric pressure by exhausting the vent on the back of the 146C through an outside port For initial start-up turn on the 146C calibrator and zero air supply and follow startup procedures on pg of sections and (Description). To set the 146C "Zero Air Flow LPM" and "Gas Flow SCCM" to program calibration setpoints follow the procedure in on pg.6. Mathematically check the output PPM as in section F on pg.14 in Description Pre-Calibration Checks For initial calibration, the new monitor should warm-up at least overnight before conducting the calibration. Perform precalibration preparations on the TEI 146C calibrator according to (Description) and Perform precalibration checks on the analyzer as follows. A. Inlet line - Visually inspect the tubing, especially at any bends, to ensure that it has not been accidentally kinked, crimped, or cut. Feel the outside manifold exhaust on the back of the building to verify manifold flow.

56 Page 40 of 45 B. Verify that the following front panel readings on the 17C are within the following specifications (If not within range, contact the ECB): Vacuum: Select the Diagnostics > Pressure to read the reaction chamber vacuum gauge. Select Diagnostics > Temperature and verify that the temperatures are within the following ranges: Internal: 20 C to 30 C. PMT cooler: 25 C to 1 C. Reaction chamber: C. NOx converter: 325 C to 350 C. NH 3 converter: 825 C. Select Diagnostics > Calibration Factors and record the before adjustment values of: NO bkg. NO x bkg. N t bkg. NO coef. NO x coef. NO 2 coef. NO 2 coef.2 N t coef. NH 3 coef.1 NH 3 coef.2 C. Ensure that the TEI 146C Gas Phase Titration Calibration System is properly assembled. For ECB use only, ensure that both air and gas mass flow controller transducer LED readouts are calibrated under the conditions of use against a reliable standard such as the Dry Cal DC L20K Flow Calibrator, soap bubble meter or calibrated transducers. All flow rates should be corrected to 25 C and 760 mm Hg following the forms in Appendix Section B and B D. Select the Range Menu to verify that the range is at the correct setting to either 50 or 200 ppb. E. The time average setting is 60 seconds shown by pushing the STAT button and selecting option #5. F. Complete the requested information in the logbook, then the calibration is made following below. G. Perform all of the following checks on both the monitor and calibrator before calibration. Verify proper connections of the monitor, calibrator, data logger, computer, and back-up data logger. Measure and record the line voltage. Turn on the monitor power, calibrator power, modem, and data logger if these are not already on. Verify monitor, calibrator, and data logger power lights are on. WARNING: Do not plug in these components until all cables are connected. ELECTRICAL SHOCK AND/OR EQUIPMENT DAMAGE MAY OCCUR OTHERWISE The flows of the Model 146C calibrator have been set up to meet the residence time required for the NO-O 3 reaction to go to completion. The 146C total air flow must exceed the total demand of the 17C analyzer to ensure that no ambient air is pulled into the manifold vent. The TEI Model 17C requires a nominal flow rate of 650 cc/minute and the ozonator flow rate of 120 cc/per minute. It is recommended at least 1.5 lpm air from the 146C calibrator be used as a minimum flow Unadjusted Calibrations ECB may perform unadjusted calibrations to determine if an analyzer / calibrator combination is functioning properly before regional technicians calibrate the analyzer. Follow the procedures for an unadjusted calibration in the operator section of this QA Manual to conduct unadjusted calibrations. Be sure to electronically document the unadjusted checks after finishing.

57 Page 41 of Adjusted Calibrations Unless serving a troubleshooting purpose, ECB makes no monitor adjustments on-site. Use the on-site adjustment procedures in the operator section of this QA Manual if adjustments are truly required. Be sure to electronically document the adjusted checks after finishing ACCURACY AUDITING - ECB Auditor Note: Do not perform checks or calibrations between 6:00 AM and 9:00AM "Local Standard Time". This is an important data collection period Each calendar quarter (not to exceed 91 days between audits), each monitor must be audited by an audit, device that is different from the standards and calibrators used for calibration and spanning. The audit calibrator must be calibrated quarterly (not to exceed 91 days) The auditor must not be the operator who conducts the routine monitoring, calibrations, and analysis. Conduct the audit before making any adjustments The monitor must operate in its normal sampling mode, and the audit gas must pass through the existing particulate filter Connect the TEI 146C NH 3 audit calibrator as shown in Figure (Plumbing Connections). Secure a separate cylinder of NH 3 gas certified Protocol II, connect and purge regulator as in Section Follow the TEI 146C audit calibrator procedures, checks, adjustments and calibration according to and At least three concentrations must be introduced to the analyzer being audited; these concentrations must be between the following ranges (including the endpoints): a. 90% - 70% /span point b. 40% - 30% /middle point c. 16% - 6% /precision point for the NH Plug in the audit calibrator, turn power on, and allow the audit calibrator to equilibrate at least one hour while doing the following: Start an audit sequence using a keyboard as follows: a) Turn on the screen and printer. b) If necessary press "M" on the keyboard to bring up the ESC main menu. c) Move the cursor to "Utilities - Link to Primary." Press Enter to connect to primary data logger.

58 Page 42 of 45 d) On the computer enter "I", and enter 6-character password. At this point, you may select a number of reports that provide information about the site operation. Enter "P" to determine channel number and pollutant, if needed. e) Check the 146C Calibrator and verify that the "Remote" button is pressed "in" and the 111 Zero Air System is turned "on" and that the temperature is set at 350 o C. f) Down the NO x and NH 3 channels by typing "#" while holding down the Shift key, then type in the six-character access code, then type the number of the pollutant channel and "Enter" when asked "Down channel Number". The pollutant channels should now be down Press F6 to start the printer, and label the printout to indicate the site name and operator performing the audit, time date, parameter, "NH 3 audits" Begin a Zero. Type "C", type the 6-character Access Code, press the return key for "Activate which events in a sequence?", then type "03" and "Enter" for "Activate which event?". The zero should begin. Press Return when asked "Deactivate which Event" Verify the 146C zero air flow is set on the LED display to give the desired reading Type M and type 02, 03, 04 (column number) and press Return. After the monitor response has stabilized, review the five one-minute averages on the printout. Mark data logger values used on the printout. Record the average zero response in the logbook. The data logger continuous one minute updates until Ctrl-Z is pressed. Record zero air thumbwheel setting from the Model 146C to the calibration sheet under Dial Section Running the NH 3 Zero Make sure the zero flow is set to the value indicated on the ECB Audit spread sheet. Allow the Model 17C microprocessor to stabilize for at least minutes, until the zero printouts are stable. During the last adjusted calibration, the microprocessor calculated, applied and stored the zero background corrections (b1 and b3) for all three channels. Enter 5 minutes of averaged NO, NO 2 and NO y data logger data in the audit form along with the start values for b.0., b.1. and b.3. UNADJUSTED NH 3 SPAN Start the NH 3 Span. Press ESC. Type "C", enter the 6-character Access Code, press Enter for "Activate Which Events in Sequence?" and for "Activate Which Event?", type 04 and press Enter, then type "06" for "Deactivate which event?", and press Enter. The NH 3 span should begin and the NO x span should stop Verify 146C Calibrator "Gas Flow" and "Zero Air Flow" is programmed to output least two concentrations for NH 3. If not, see sections on how to program the zero air and gas flows on the audit 146C to output the desired concentration readings of the audit Type "M" and type 06 and 08 and press Enter To mathematically calculate the actual NH 3 concentration (Ca) of approximately 90 % range of full scale (approximately 45 ppb, 90 ppb or 180 ppb), use the equations below:

59 Page 43 of 45 [NH 3 ] Ca = [F NO / (F NO + F ZERO )] [(NH 3 std )] Where: F NO + F ZERO = calibrated flows in sccm. [(NH 3 std )] = certified NH 3 gas concentrations (on cylinder) Note: To convert liters to sccm, multiply liters by To convert ppm to ppb multiply by Wait approximately 90 minutes until the analyzer data logger has stabilized to obtain a level span trace. Verify that the display shows appropriate NH 3 concentrations. If not, press the RUN button until the NH 3 is displayed. Check that the NH 3 is reading the ECB preprogrammed 146C values and the mathematically calculated NH 3 span value Wait approximately 90 minutes until the monitor response has stabilized; average and record the next five one-minute averages on the printout. Mark the data logger values used on the printout Run at least two additional audit NH 3 points between the following ranges (endpoints included) by: 1. In the GAS A Dilution screen, press Run to scroll through the following audit points: Span 2 = 30% - 40% /middle point Span 3 = 6% - 16% /precision point 2. When the desired audit point is displayed, press Enter to activate 3. Allow minutes for readings to stabilize 4. Repeat step 1-3 as necessary the for the audit 5. When audit is complete, press Run to scroll back to Span 1 6. Press Enter to accept. 7. Press MENU until you bring up the Main Menu. 8. From the Main Menu go to Flow Modes > Standby > press Enter to set the 146C Local Mode in Standby. 9. Press Enter again to place the 146C back in Remote Mode 10. Deactivate NO Span (event 02) For each concentration, calculate the NO and NO y concentrations and record the analyzer's response Choose the Calibration Factors Menu and record all ending factors (background and span factors). CHECKING THE NH 3 CALIBRATION POINTS Generate a NH 3 calibration / precision point (as required) by pressing: 1. Press Run to scroll through the calibration points (Span 2 and Span 3): Span 2 = 30% - 40% /middle point Span 3 = 6% - 16% /precision point 2. When desired calibration point is displayed on the 146C LCD, press Enter to activate. 3. Allow minutes for the readings to stabilize, record and average the last 5 data values. 4. Repeat steps 1-3 as necessary for the calibration 5. When the calibration is complete, press Run to scroll back to Span 1.

60 Page 44 of Press Enter to accept. 7. Press MENU until you bring up the Main Menu 8. From the Main Menu go to Flow Modes > Standby > Press Enter to put the 146C Local Mode in Standby. 9. Press Enter again to place the 146C back in Remote Mode, and proceed to to stop remote events. 10. Deactivate the NH 3 span Turn off the TEI 146C power and the second stage flow regulator of the NH 3 gas cylinder. Disconnect the TEI 146C Audit calibrator and reinstall the initial 146C NH 3 calibrator to its proper position. Remove the Audit NH 3 gas cylinder; bleed and remove the regulator. Reinstall the initial Protocol II NH3 cylinder and purge the regulator as in Section Attach NH 3 gas cylinder to the TEI 146C calibrator and reinstall into the plumbing system as in Figure Turn the power "ON" on the TEI 146C initial calibrator. Ensure "GAS A" Zero flow settings are programmed to run the zero, span, GPT, calibration and precision points Up the NO x and NH 3 channels and verify the system is set to sample by pressing "ESC", entering "U", entering the 6-character Access Code when asked, and the NO x and NH 3 column numbers. Press "ESC", and enter "!". Do not turn off any other power switches, this is handled by the data logger. Verify the NO x and NH 3 channels no longer have a D flag. The data logger will automatically remove a P flag when finished purging. Close the PDL and BUDL Window Electronically document the beginning and ending of the audit following the procedures in Go back to main screen. Select Reports. Then select "Auxiliary average for all parameters", and Enter. Select the report date and hours of interest, and press "D" to scroll through the data on the screen. Press ESC when you have finished scrolling through the data. To print the data, again select Reports, then select "Auxiliary average for all parameters" and Enter. Select the report date and hours of interest, and press "P" to print. Staple the printout to the appropriate logbook page From the ESC Main Menu select Quit and System Mode screen Inspect the site, probe, sample line connections, and general condition of the site. Note any unusual conditions on the audit form. Turn off the monitor and printer before leaving the site Calculate the percent chart difference, d 2, at each concentration level except zero and complete the converter efficiency form. If the converter efficiency is not >_ 96 %, the audit is invalid. Refer to the troubleshooting section in Appendix M and recalibrate as in section when the converter is working properly. where: d 2 = [(C M -C a ) / C a ] x 100

61 Page 45 of 45 C M = average NH 3 concentration measured (from the NH 3 channel) C a = true concentration of audit output gas PPM produced by the audit calibrator ( ) Audit Submittal Procedure: Record d 2 on the AQ-98 Data Assessment Report. Verify that the AQ-98 is correct and complete, and forward to the ECB Supervisor within 2 business days of the audit. The ECB must forward the Supervisor signed copy to the Section Chief of Ambient Monitoring within 15 business days of the audit.

62 Appendices Appendix B.1: AQ-98

63 Unadjusted NO X Calibration C a (PPB) C m (PPB) Calibration %Diff Points Flow Gas Flow Air PDL BUDL PDL BUDL 146C LCD 146C LCD NO NO X N t NO NO X N t NO NO X N t NO NO X N t NO NO X N t 0 45 / 90 / / 50 / / 16 / 32 Unadjusted NH 3 Calibration C a C m (PPB) %Diff Channels down (Enter Time): Calibration Points Flow Gas Flow Air PDL BUDL PDL BUDL Channels uppped (Enter Time): 146C LCD 146C LCD NH 3 NH 3 NH 3 NH 3 NH 3 146C Tank Conc. readout PPM 0 Site Tank Conc. PPM 45 / 90 / / 50 / 100 Factors (no adjustments made): 8 / 16 / 32 NO bkg. Accuracy Criteria for unadjusted (UCAL) NO x bkg. and adjusted (ACAL) calibrations: N t bkg. 17C C a UCAL ACAL NO coef. zero ±5ppb ±3ppb NO x coef span ±10% ±8% NO 2 coef2 mid ±10% ±8% N t coef precision ±15% ±12% NH 3 coef 1 Adjusted NO X Calibration Calibration Points 0 45 / 90 / / 50 / / 16 / 32 NH 3 coef 2 C a (PPB) C m (PPB) %Diff Flow Gas Flow Air PDL BUDL PDL BUDL 146C LCD 146C LCD NO NO X N t NO NO X N t NO NO X N t NO NO X N t NO NO X N t Adjusted NH 3 Calibration C a C m (PPB) %Diff Factors after adjustments made: Calibration Points Flow Gas Flow Air PDL BUDL PDL BUDL NO bkg. 146C LCD 146C LCD NH 3 NH 3 NH 3 NH 3 NH 3 NO x bkg. 0 N t bkg. 45 / 90 / 180 NO coef. 25 / 50 / 100 NO x coef 8 / 16 / 32 NO 2 coef2 N t coef 1. Is UCAL calibration acceptable? Yes No NH 3 coef 1 2. If UCAL is outside criteria, perform an adjusted calibration (ACAL). NH 3 coef 2 3. If done, is ACAL acceptable? Yes No 4. If ACAL is unacceptable, troubleshoot the instrument, perform 2nd ACAL. 5. If 2nd ACAL fails, contact the ECB. Appendix B.2: Logbook and Operational Test Form

64 NH3 /NOX GENERAL CHECKS: MODEL 17C CIRCLE RANGE: 0-50 PPB PPB PPB Date: Time: Operator: Next O/SC Due: Next CalDue: Manifold Flow Y N Action Inlet Clean Y N Action Site Temperature (20/30 o C) A/C-Heater Operate Y N Action NO Cylinder Expires (date) Cylinder Pressure psi Cylinder Number Power ON: Model 17C ZAP Compressors PDL BUDL ANALYZER: Range:NH3 NOX Temperatures: Internal Chamber Capillary Cooler NOx.Converter NOx Converter set NH3 Converter NH3 Converter set Pressure Flows: 1. Ozonator 2.Sample Flow (low cycle) 3.Sample Flow (high cycle) flow (3 subtract 2) (>.1 is bad!) Zero Pak Silica Gel Changed Y N Date Sample flow capillaries changed Y N Date DATALOGGERS: Datalogger Type: BUD Type: Datalogger up? Y N Action Time Adjust? Y N Action Diskette downloaded and removed? Y N Date MODEL 111 ZERO AIR SYSTEM: Purafil changed Y N Date Charcoal Y N Date Final Pressure Regulator psi Y N Action Compressor Pressures: psi Y N Action psi Y N Action Drain Valve released (Weekly) Date Rotameter 1-2 Lpm Y N Action Comments NO 2 Ca (PPB) = NO Cm (DL span) NO rem + [F gas/(f gas + F zero)] x [NO 2 cyl. Conc. (ppm) x 1000] U GPT O 3 Level NO rem NO X rem NO 2 Cm % Diff NO 2 Imp NO 2 Ca 50/100/200 % PDL BUDL PDL BUDL PDL BUDL PDL BUDL Is 96% Converter Efficiency 104%? Yes No If No, do an adjusted NO/NOy/ NO2 calibration If Yes, Calibration Acceptable NO 2 Ca (PPB) = NO Cm (DL span) NO rem + [F gas/(f gas + F zero)] x [NO 2 cyl. Conc. (ppm) x 1000] A GPT O 3 Level NO rem NO X rem NO 2 Cm % Diff NO 2 Imp NO 2 Ca 50/100/200 % PDL BUDL PDL BUDL PDL BUDL PDL BUDL Is 96% Converter Efficiency 104%? Yes No If No, do an adjusted NO/NOy/ NO2 calibration If Yes, Calibration Acceptable Model 17C CONVERTER EFFICIENCY: NO, Point 50/100/200 N02 (Ca) NOX orig DL (ppb) U GPT A GPT NO2 Conv = [NO2 Ca - (NOX orig -NOX rem) ] NOX rem DL (ppb) N02 CONV (ppb) % C.E. Converter Efficiency = ([NO2]conv/ [N02]Ca) X 100 {~96.0%} Is Converter Efficiency greater than 96%? Y N Action C.E. 17C Panel % Appendix B.2: Logbook and Operational Test Form

65 A. INSPECTION AND REPLACEMENT OF CAPILLARIES Converter Module The following procedure should be performed every three months. 1. Turn the instrument off and unplug the power cord. 2. Remove the cover of the converter module. 3. Locate the heated capillary holder (see Figure 7-3). 4. Remove the Cajon fitting(s) from the reaction chamber body using a 5/8" wrench. 5. Remove the glass capillary(s) (part no. 4121) and O-ring (part no. 4800). Inspect O-ring for cuts or abrasion. If cut or abraded, replace. [See Figure a] 6. Check capillary for particulate deposits. Clean or replace as necessary. 7. Replace capillary in holder, making sure the O-ring is around the capillary before inserting it into the body. 8. Replace Cajon fitting. Note that the Cajon fitting should be replaced only hand tight. 9. Re-install the instrument cover. Appendix : Replacing Capillaries

66 A. INSPECTION AND REPLACEMENT OF CAPILLARIES Analyzer Module The following procedure should be performed on a three month basis: 1. Turn the instrument off and unplug the power cord. 2. Remove the instrument cover. 3 Locate the reaction chamber/capillary holder. [See Figure b] 4. Remove the Cajon fittings from the reaction chamber body using a 5/8" wrench. 5. Remove the glass capillaries (P/N 4121) and O-rings (P/N 4800). Inspect 0rings for cuts or abrasion. If cut or abraded, replace. [See Figure a] 6. Check the capillary for particulate deposits. Clean or replace as necessary. 7. Replace the capillary in the reaction chamber body, making sure the O-ring is around the capillary before inserting it into the body. 8. Replace the Cajon fitting. Note that the Cajon fitting should be replaced only hand tight. 9. Re-install the instrument cover. Appendix : Replacing Capillaries

67 Capillary ¼ Teflon Tube Ferrell Cajon Fitting O-ring Figure a: Exploded view of capillary and fittings in the order that they are seated in the capillary holder / reaction chamber. Reaction Chamber Sample Flow Capillary Figure b: Location of the 17C reaction chamber, where the ozone and sample flow capillaries are housed, relative to the rest of the analyzer. Figure c: Close-up view of the sample flow capillary in the reaction chamber of the 17C analyzer. Appendix : Replacing Capillaries