Chapter 7 - Electrical Safety

Transcription

1 Chapter 7 Electrical Safety Chapter 7 - Electrical Safety Policy It is the policy of Hayward Electric to take every reasonable precaution in the performance of work to protect the health and safety of employees and the public and to minimize the probability of damage to property. The electrical safety requirements contained in this chapter are regulations set forth by Hayward Electric. It is our intent to meet or exceed the requirements of NFPA 70E which is the Standard to Electrical Safety Requirements for Employee Workplaces. Please refer to the latest edition of the NFPA 70E for complete safety requirements. Employee Responsibility All Hayward Electric personnel are responsible for all aspects of safety within their own groups. The Responsible Safety Officer is responsible for providing information, instruction, and assistance, as appropriate, concerning Hayward Electric electrical safety requirements and procedures. Individual employees are responsible for their own and their co-workers' safety. This means: Become acquainted with all potential hazards in the area in which they work. Learn and follow the appropriate standards, procedures, and hazard control methods. Never undertake a potentially hazardous operation without consulting with appropriate supervision. Stop any operation you believe to be hazardous. Notify a supervisor of any condition or behavior that poses a potential hazard. Wear and use appropriate protective equipment. Immediately report any occupational injury or illness to the Responsible Safety Officer, any on site Medical Services Department and the appropriate supervisor. 7-1

2 Hayward Electric Injury & Illness Prevention Program Each employee acting in a supervisory capacity has specific safety responsibilities. These include: Procedures It is the policy of Hayward Electric to follow the fundamental principles of safety, which are described below. A clear understanding of these principles will improve the safety of working with or around electrical equipment. Practice proper housekeeping and cleanliness. Poor housekeeping is a major factor in many accidents. A cluttered area is likely to be both unsafe and inefficient. Every employee is responsible for keeping a clean area and every supervisor is responsible for ensuring that his or her areas of responsibility remain clean. Identify hazards and anticipate problems. Think through what might go wrong and what the consequences would be. Do not hesitate to discuss any situation or question with your supervisor and coworkers. Developing an attitude and awareness of safety in the people supervised and seeing that individual safety responsibilities are fully carried out. Maintaining a safe work environment and taking corrective action on any potentially hazardous operation or condition (including adequate illumination as required by jobsite conditions). Ensuring that the personnel he/she directs are knowledgeable and trained in the tasks they are asked to perform. Ensuring that safe conditions prevail in the area and that everyone is properly informed of the area's safety regulations and procedures. Ensuring that contract personnel are properly protected by means of instructions, signs, barriers, or other appropriate resources. Ensuring that no employee assigned to potentially hazardous work appears to be fatigued, ill, emotionally disturbed, or under the influence of alcohol or drugs (prescription, over the county medicinal or otherwise). Management at every level has the responsibility for maintaining the work environment at a minimal level of risk throughout all areas of control. Each manager: Is responsible for being aware of all potentially hazardous activities within the area of responsibility. 7-2

3 Chapter 7 Electrical Safety May assign responsibility or delegate authority for performance of any function, but - Remains accountable to higher management for any oversight or error that leads to injury, illness, or damage to property. Resist "hurry up" pressure. Program pressures should not cause you to bypass thoughtful consideration and planned procedures. Design for safety. Consider safety to be an integral part of the design process. Protective devices, warning signs, and administrative procedures are supplements to good design but can never fully compensate for its absence. Completed designs should include provisions for safe maintenance. Maintain for safety. Good maintenance is essential to safe operations. Maintenance procedures and schedules for servicing and maintaining equipment and facilities, including documentation of repairs, removals, replacements, and disposals, should be established. Document your work. An up-to-date set of documentation adequate for operation, maintenance, testing, and safety should be available to anyone working on potentially hazardous equipment. Keep drawings and prints up to date. Dispose of obsolete drawings and be certain that active file drawings have the latest corrections. Have designs reviewed. All systems and modifications to systems performing a safety function or controlling a potentially hazardous operation must be reviewed and approved at the level of project engineer or above. Have designs and operation verified. All systems performing safety functions or controlling a potentially hazardous operation must be periodically validated by actual test procedures at least once a year, and both the procedures and actual tests must be documented. Test equipment safety. Tests should be made when the electrical equipment is deenergized, or, at most, energized with reduced hazard. Know emergency procedures. All persons working in areas of high hazard (with high voltage power supplies, capacitor banks, etc.) must be trained in emergency response procedures, including cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) certification. 7-3

4 Hayward Electric Injury & Illness Prevention Program General Safety Guidelines 1. Electricians shall be instructed in the Company Electrical Safety Rules and in lockout/blockout/tagout procedures. 2. All employees are required to report as soon as practicable any obvious hazard to life or property observed in connection with electrical equipment or lines. 3. Employees are required to make preliminary inspections and/or appropriate tests to determine what conditions exist before starting work on electrical equipment or lines. 4. When electrical equipment or lines are to be serviced, maintained, or adjusted, the necessary switches must be opened, locked-out and tagged whenever possible (see Lockout Procedure). 5. Portable electrical tools and equipment must be grounded or of the double insulated type. 6. Extension cords must have a grounding conductor for construction use. 7. Multiple plug adapters which interrupt the continuity of the equipment grounding connection are prohibited. 8. Ground-fault circuit interrupters (GFCI) are to be installed on each temporary 15 or 20 ampere, 120 volt AC circuit at locations where construction, demolition, modifications, alterations or excavations are being performed. 9. All temporary circuits are to be protected by suitable disconnecting switches or plug connectors at the junction with permanent wiring. 10. Exposed wiring and cords with frayed or deteriorated insulation shall be repaired or replaced promptly. 11. Flexible cords and cables must be free of splices or taps. 12. Clamps or other securing means must be provided on flexible cords or cables at plugs, receptacles, tools, equipment, etc. 13. The location of electrical power lines and cables (overhead, underground, under floor, other side of walls, etc.) must be determined before digging, drilling, or similar work is begun. 7-4

5 Chapter 7 Electrical Safety 14. Metal measuring tapes, ropes, hand lines, or similar devices with metallic thread woven into the fabric are prohibited where they could come in contact with energized parts of equipment or circuit conductors. 15. The use of metal ladders is prohibited. 16. All disconnecting switches and circuit breakers must be labeled to indicate their use or equipment serviced. 17. Disconnecting means must always be opened before fuses are replaced. 18. All interior wiring systems must include provisions for grounding metal parts of electrical raceways, equipment, and enclosures. 19. All electrical raceways and enclosures must be securely fastened in place. 20. All energized parts of electrical circuits and equipment must be guarded against accidental contact by approved cabinets or enclosures. 21. All unused openings (including conduit knockouts) in electrical enclosures and fittings must be closed with appropriate covers, plugs, or plates. 22. Electrical enclosures such as switches, receptacles, junction boxes, etc., must be provided with tight fitting covers or plates. 23. Back feeding or Interconnection: No electrical source, permanent or temporary, shall be connected to a premises wiring system, or parts of such a system, unless positive means are used to prevent the transmission of electricity beyond the premises wiring system, or beyond any intentionally segregated parts of such system. 24. Accident Prevention Tags: A. Suitable accident prevention tags shall be used to control a specific hazard. Such tags shall provide the following minimum information 1. Reason for placing tag. 2. Name of person placing the tag and how that person may be contacted. 3. Date tag was placed. 25. Employees who regularly work on or around energized electrical equipment or lines should have knowledge in the cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) methods. 7-5

6 Hayward Electric Injury & Illness Prevention Program 26. Electricians are prohibited from working alone on energized lines or equipment rated at 480 volts or more. 27. Employees who regularly work around energized electrical equipment or lines shall have knowledge in the hazards associated with electricity, including shock, high current arcs, and ignition of combustible atmospheres. 28. Load rated switches, circuit breakers, or other devices specifically designed as disconnecting means shall be used for the opening, reversing, or closing of circuits under load conditions. Cable connectors not of the load-break type, fuses, terminal lugs, and cable splice connections may not be used for such purposes, except in an emergency. 29. After a circuit is de-energized by a circuit protective device, the circuit may not be manually re-energized until it has been determined that the equipment and circuit can safely be energized. The repetitive manual re-closing of circuit breakers or re-energizing circuits through replaced fuses is prohibited. 30. Over current protection of circuits and conductors may not be modified, even on a temporary basis, beyond that of OSHA regulations pertaining to installation safety requirements for over current protection. 31. Test instruments and equipment, all associated test leads, cables, power cords, probes, and connectors must be visually inspected for external defects and damage before the equipment is used. If there is a defect or evidence of damage that might expose an employee to injury, the defective or damaged items must be removed from service and no employee may use it until necessary repairs and tests to return the equipment to its proper operating condition have been made. General Guidelines Working Around Energized Equipment Employees shall become familiar with the following general guidelines: 1. Only qualified personnel shall work on electrical equipment, systems, and installations. Direct any questions to your foreman. 2. Electrical systems and equipment shall be treated as energized until tested, grounded and locked out, tagged-out, or otherwise proven to be de-energized. 3. Electrical work shall be performed with great care to maximize personnel safety during and after completion of the task. Shortcuts will not be tolerated. 7-6

7 Chapter 7 Electrical Safety 4. Electrical installations and maintenance of electrical systems and equipment shall be maintained in a safe condition in accordance to applicable guidelines: Cal OSHA/, OSHA, NEC, etc. 5. Supervisor/Foreman shall be responsible for the enforcement of electrical safety procedures. 6. Metal jewelry, belt buckles, etc., shall not be worn in close proximity to energized circuits, systems, equipment, or worn under rubber gloves. 7. Employees shall remain alert at all times when working around or near energized electrical equipment, systems, or circuits. 8. In the event an electrical accident/injury occurs, rescue/aid shall not be attempted until the systems or circuit have been de-energized or it is deemed safe to attempt aid by the rescuer upon examination of the scene. 9. Suitable eye protection and P.P.E. shall be worn by personnel whenever exposed to electrical flash, or arcing. 10. Safety devices and personal protection devices shall be properly used and stored by all employees. Employees shall verify "good condition" of all safety equipment before each use. 11. Never reach blindly into areas that may contain energized parts. 12. Cable reels shall be securely blocked so they cannot roll accidentally. 13. No materials or tools shall be carried on the shoulder when working around or near energized electrical equipment, systems, or circuits. 14. Employees shall become familiar with company/department work procedures and avoid creating shortcuts that may compromise safety. Your safety is paramount - follow safe work practices. Specific Procedures for Working On Energized Equipment (Refer to NFPA 70E for more details) 1. Before any energized work is performed you must request an outage. If an outage is unreasonable and is denied, proceed following the Hayward Electric Energized Work Procedures as described below. However, if the work creates an unreasonable risk or 7-7

8 Hayward Electric Injury & Illness Prevention Program compromises safety you may need to postpone the work until an outage is possible regardless of the clients' desire. 2. The Hayward Electric Energized Work Job Hazardous Analysis (JHA) (Refer to Appendix 2 - Forms) needs to be completed and reviewed before any work is done on or near energized wires, equipment, apparatus, etc., NEAR" means close enough that you or your tools could accidentally make contact with the energized part because of the lack of appropriate barricades between you and the energized parts. 3. A. Work shall not be performed on or near exposed energized parts of equipment or systems until the following conditions are met: 1. Responsible supervision has determined that the work is to be performed while the equipment or systems are energized. 2. Involved personnel have received instructions on the work techniques and hazards involved in working on energized equipment. 3. Suitable personal protective equipment must be provided and used. Suitable insulated gloves shall be worn for voltages in excess of 300 volts, nominal, and UV Rated Face Shield and suitable Flame Retardant Clothing (Flash suit or Nomex) must be worn. 4. Suitable eye protection has been provided and is used. 5. Where required, suitable barriers, barricades, tags, or signs are to be placed for personal protection. 6. Warning signs and barriers shall be appropriately placed to isolate other personnel from the electrical hazards. Suitable barricade tape would be Red Tape with Black letters reading "Danger" or "Warning". Personnel shall obey the warnings. 7. Never re-position, remove, or tamper with warning signs or barricades unless authorized by your foreman. 8. Do not perform work on energized 480V equipment, circuits, or systems alone. A minimum of a two man crew is required. B. After the required work on an energized system or equipment has been completed, an authorized person shall be responsible for: 7-8

9 Chapter 7 Electrical Safety 1. Removing from the work area any temporary personnel protective equipment, and 2. Reinstalling all permanent barriers or covers. EXERPTS FROM NFPA 70E Approach Boundaries to Live Parts for Shock Protection No qualified person shall approach or take any conductive object closer to live parts than the restricted approach boundary set forth in Table of Part II NFPA 70E. This table is partially shown for your reference for voltages up to 15KV. Exerpt from NFPA 70E Table Nominal System Voltage Range Phase to Phase Limited Approach Boundary Exposed Moveable Conductor Limited Approach Boundary Exposed Fixed Circuit Part Restricted Approach Boundary Includes Inadvertent Movement Adder Prohibited Approach Boundary 0-50 Not Specified Not Specified Not Specified Not Specified ft 0 in. 3 ft 6 in. Avoid Contact Avoid Contact ft 0 in. 3 ft 6 in. 1 ft 0 in. 0 ft 1 in kv 10 ft 0 in. 5 ft 0 in. 2 ft 2 in. 0 ft 7 in. See NFPA 70E for voltages above 15 kv Figure 4 - Exerpt from NFPA 70E Table

10 Hayward Electric Injury & Illness Prevention Program Definitions Limited Approach Boundary - A shock protection boundary to be crossed by only qualified persons (at a distance from a live part) which is not to crossed by unqualified persons unless escorted by a qualified person. In other words, the limited boundary is for unqualified personnel. No unqualified person may approach any exposed energized conductor any closer than the limited approach boundary. Restricted Approach Boundary - A shock protection boundary to be crossed by only qualified persons (at a distance from a live part) which, due to its proximity to a shock hazard, requires the use of shock protection techniques and equipment when crossed. In other words, qualified persons are not allowed to approach exposed, energized conductors any closer than the restricted approach boundary unless they are wearing appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) and they have a written, approved plan for the work they are to perform. They must break the restricted boundary only to the extent that is absolutely necessary to perform their work. Prohibited Approach Boundary - A shock protection boundary to be crossed by only qualified persons (at a distance from alive part which, when crossed by a body part or object, requires the same protection as if direct contact is made with a live part. In other words, crossing the prohibited boundary (qualified personnel only) is considered the same as actually contacting the exposed energized part. In addition to the requirements for the restricted approach boundary, personnel must perform a risk assessment before the prohibited boundary is crossed. Selection of Personal Protective Equipment There are many common electrical work tasks that require PPE. Common tasks are identified in NFPA 70E Table and are associated with the appropriate Hazard/Risk Categories from Category 0 through Category 4. The first step is to identify the Hazard/Risk Category. Once the Hazard/Risk Category, refer to Table to find the requirements for protective clothing and other protective equipment. Hazard Risk Categories and the Associated Work Tasks Partial Summary of NFPA 70E Table (Note: Depending on short circuit current available, the Hazard/Risk Category may be reduced by one see NFPA 70E for details). 7-10

11 Chapter 7 Electrical Safety Hazard Risk Categories (240 volt and below) Category 0 1. Operate CB or fused switch with covers on or off 2. Open hinged cover to expose energized parts 3. Work on energized 120 volt control circuit Category 1 1. Work on energized parts, including voltage testing 2. Remove/install CB s or fused switches 3. Remove bolted cover on panel or switchboard Hazard Risk Category Classifications (>240 and up to 600 volt) Category 0 1. Operate CB, fused switch, or starter with covers on 2. Operate panel meter switch Category 1 1. Operate CB, fused switch, or starter with cover off 2. Open a hinged cover to expose energized parts Category 2 1. Work on energized parts, including voltage testing 2. Work on control circuits with energized parts >120 volts 3. Application of safety grounds after voltage test 4. Removal of bolted cover to expose energized parts 5. Insertion/removal (racking) of CB s from cubicles with doors closed Category 3 1. Insertion or removal of individual starter buckets from MCC 2. Insertion/removal (racking) of CB s from cubicles with doors open 7-11

12 Hayward Electric Injury & Illness Prevention Program Hazard Risk Category Classifications (1KV-15KV) Category 0 1. Operate a panel meter switch Category 1 1. Nothing approved Category 2 1. Operate CB, fuse, or starter with doors closed 2. Work on control circuits with energized parts 120 volts or below 3. Insertion or removal (racking) of CB s from cubicles, doors closed 4. Outdoor disconnect switch operation (gang-operated, from grade) 5. Insulated cable examination, in open area Category 3 1. Open hinged covers to expose energized parts 2. Outdoor disconnect switch operation (hookstick operated) Category 4 1. Operate CB, fuse, or starter with doors open 2. Work on energized parts, including voltage testing 3. Work on control circuits with energized part >120 volts 4. Insertion or removal (racking) of CB s from cubicles, doors open 5. Application of safety grounds, after voltage test 6. Removal of bolted covers to exposed energized parts 7. Opening voltage transformer or control power transformer compartments 8. Insulated cable examination, in manhole or other confined space Minimum Personal Protective Clothing and Equipment for Each Category Partial Summary of NFPA 70E Table Category 0 Hard hat (ANSI Z89.1) 7-12

13 Chapter 7 Electrical Safety Safety glasses (ANSI Z87.1) Long sleeve shirt (ASTM F 1506) Long pants (ASTM F 1506) Leather gloves (as needed) (ASTM F 696) Leather work shoes (ANSI Z41) Category 1 Hard hat Safety glasses FR long sleeve shirt FR long pants Or FR coveralls (See NFPA 70E for more details) Leather gloves worn external to voltage rated rubber gloves rated and tested for the maximum line to line voltage for which work will be done (ASTM F 696, ASTM D 120). V-rated tools rated and tested for the maximum line-to-line voltage for which work will be done. Leather work shoes Rated face shield Category 2 Hard hat Safety glasses FR long sleeve shirt FR long pants Or FR coveralls (See NFPA 70E for more details) Leather gloves worn external to voltage rated rubber gloves rated and tested for the maximum line to line voltage for which work will be done (ASTM F 696, ASTM D 120). V-rated tools rated and tested for the maximum line-to-line voltage for which work will be done. Double layer switching hood and hearing protection Leather work shoes Category 3 Hard hat with FR liner Safety glasses 7-13

14 Hayward Electric Injury & Illness Prevention Program FR long sleeve shirt FR long pants AND FR coveralls (See NFPA 70E for more details) OR Flash Suit Leather gloves worn external to voltage rated rubber gloves rated and tested for the maximum line to line voltage for which work will be done (ASTM F 696, ASTM D 120). V-rated tools rated and tested for the maximum line-to-line voltage for which work will be done. Double layer switching hood and hearing protection Leather work shoes Category 4 Hard hat with FR liner Safety glasses FR long sleeve shirt FR long pants AND FR coveralls AND FR coveralls under double layer switching coats plus pants (flash suit) See NFPA 70E for more details. Leather gloves worn external to voltage rated rubber gloves rated and tested for the maximum line to line voltage for which work will be done (ASTM F 696, ASTM D 120). V-rated tools rated and tested for the maximum line-to-line voltage for which work will be done. Double layer switching hood and hearing protection Leather work shoes Protective Clothing Characteristics The characteristics and degree of protection for various clothing must correspond with Hazard/Risk Category Number and shall have an arc thermal performance exposure value (ATPV) of at least listed in NFPA 70E Table ATPV values can be obtained from FR clothing manufacturer. 7-14

15 Chapter 7 Electrical Safety Exerpt from NFPA 70E Table Hazard Risk Category Clothing Descripton (Number of Clothing Layer shown in parentheses) Total Weight oz/yd 2 ATPV Rating 0 Untreated Cotton (1) N/A 1 FR shirt and pants (1) Cotton Underwear plus FR shirt and FR pants (2) Cotton underwear plus FR shirt and FR pants plus FR coverall (3) 4 Cotton underwear plus FR shirt and FR pants plus double layer switching coat and pants (4) Figure 5 - Exerpt from NFPA 70E Table Summary of PPE Standards When working on energized equipment, PPE must be chosen carefully. Standards for head protection, eye and face protection, hand and arm protection, foot and leg protection, and body protection are identified in NFPA 70E. Please refer to it and do not hesitate to contact the responsible safety officer with any questions. Lockout / Tagout Purpose The purpose of this policy is to comply with the OSHA standard when working on equipment from injury caused by unexpected release of stored energy and any accidental start-up. 7-15

16 Hayward Electric Injury & Illness Prevention Program Scope This program applies to all of our controlled worksites where one of our, or a subcontract employee may be occupationally exposed to an unexpected release of stored energy and any accidental start-up. Definitions Acceptance - The acknowledgment by the persons performing tasks that all isolating devices that may expose them to an unexpected release of energy are properly positioned and that all hazards associated with the job have been addressed and communicated by the owner. Cable Tie - A non-reusable, hand attached, self-locking device with a minimum breaking strength of no less than fifty pounds. (50 lb.) It is used to attach tags to isolating devices. Crew Contact - A person that has the responsibility of being the focal point of communication for a work crew. Energy Source - Any source of energy that can be harmful to personnel, including chemical, electrical, thermal, mechanical, pneumatic, hydraulic, gravity, and radioactive. Exclusive Control - When an individual performing a task is in continual attendance of, has visual contact with, and is in arms length of the isolating device(s). Individual Tag - Lock and/or tag to be attached by an individual that can only be removed by that individual, except for provisions set forth in this document. Isolating Device - A physical device that prevents the transmission (or release) of energy or materials. Examples include slide gates, slip blinds air gaps, valves, physical blocks, and electrical disconnects. Isolation Procedure - A documented energy control procedure which must contain, as a minimum: The intended use of the procedure. Steps for shutting down, isolating, blocking, and securing the isolated system. Steps for placing, removing, and transferring lockout/tagout devices, and the responsibility for them. 7-16

17 Chapter 7 Electrical Safety Procedures for testing the isolated system to verify the effectiveness of the energy control and lockout/tagout procedures. Job Representative - The person representing the workers performing the job. They assure that the requirements of this standard are met, including sufficient isolation. (A Job Representative can be a crew contact, a worker, or a supervisor.) Lockout - The process of securing an isolating device to prevent accidental energizing, by using a lock or bolting. Lockout can also be used to provide "one-plus" protection on devices that would not normally be considered isolating devices. "One-Plus Lockout/Tagout" - The requirement of an additional means of isolation or restraint, whenever tagout is used without locks, to prevent inadvertent operation of an isolating device. "One Plus" requires that two separate, unrelated actions must occur to defeat the source isolation. Operations Representative - A person representing company operations that is qualified to isolate, lock and/or tag equipment. This person must have a full and clear understanding of the work to be performed. Operations Lock and/or Tag - The first lock and /or tag to be attached to, and the last lock and/or tag to be removed from an isolating device by a qualified operations representative. Owner - An individual who is in control of a specific piece of equipment or process. Release - Certification by the person performing work that they have completed their task and will no longer be working on the isolated equipment. Tagout - The attachment of a standardized Tag to an isolating device. These tags indicate that the equipment must not be operated until the Tag is properly removed. Worker - An individual directly responsible for an operation, service or maintenance task. Lockout/Tagout Specifications Locking and/or tagging a piece of equipment involves securing an isolating device to prohibit repositioning of the isolating device. There are certain specifications that must be followed when a piece of equipment is locked and/or tagged out. For the purpose of tagging equipment, a Tag shall be affixed to each isolating device. 7-17

18 Hayward Electric Injury & Illness Prevention Program When line blinds and other isolating devices are used, they must be designed to adequately isolate the maximum amount of energy possible for the system being isolated. In the case of slip blinds, they must be made visible, distinguishable from orifice plates, easily identifiable, compatible with the process materials, and capable of holding a cable tie for the purpose of attaching a Tag. Tags must be legible. Tags shall be attached to all isolating devices with a cable tie. In the case of locks, the Tag may be attached to the lock or shackle. No Tags should be used longer than 90 days. Periods, which may exceed 90 days, shall require additional considerations such as permanent isolation or periodic replacement of Tags. All Individual Tags shall be identified prior to installation. A qualified person shall install all Individual Tags. They must be removed before any Operations Tags. Prior to any work being performed on an isolated system, there shall be a written procedure. Any physical device that may be inadvertently repositioned must be made safe using the "One Plus Lockout/Tagout" system. "One Plus" requires an additional means of isolation or restraint whenever tagout is used without locks. EXCEPTIONS: While there are specifications for every lock and/or tag procedure, there are a few exceptions. These exceptions can include: Minor tool changes and adjustments. When routine, repetitive tool changes and adjustments that are integral to the use of the equipment for production take place during normal productions operations they are not subject to the Lockout/Tagout procedures outlined in this standard. Minor servicing operations. If minor servicing activities are routine, repetitive and integral to the use of the equipment for production they are not subject to the Lockout/Tagout standard. The work to be performed must be done using 7-18

19 Chapter 7 Electrical Safety different measures which prevent accidental activation or moving of the device. These measures can include push buttons that have to be twisted and pulled out to activate, key-locked switches, or interlocks. Exclusive control. If a worker has exclusive control over a piece of equipment it means that the worker is in continual attendance of, has visual contact with, and is in arms reach of the isolating device. All Exceptions have to be approved by either the Responsible Safety Officer, the Estimator member of the Safety Committee or the Electrical member of the Safety committee and shall have a documented safe operating procedure. Responsibilities Owner Responsibilities: An individual who is in control of a specific piece of equipment or process is considered the owner. As a minimum, the Owner must: Establish an isolation procedure for equipment. The steps that need to be taken to isolate the equipment, including who is responsible for each step, are a part of the isolation procedure. Specify and buy lockable equipment when available. The owner determines what type of new equipment is necessary to successfully administer a lock and/or tag. Operations Representative Responsibilities: The Operations Representative for a lockout/tagout procedure is the person representing plant operations who is qualified to isolate, lock and/or tag equipment. This representative must have a full and clear understanding of the work to be performed. As a minimum the Operations Representative for a Lockout/Tagout Procedure must: Attach the operations locks and/or tags on equipment requiring isolation. The Operations Representative is responsible for not only making sure that the locks and/or tags are on isolating devices, but also that the right locks and/or tags are used. This includes using "One-Plus" when necessary. Physically verify that residual energy and/or materials have been relieved, drained, disconnected, restrained or otherwise rendered safe. This verification can take place through inspections and testing. 7-19

20 Hayward Electric Injury & Illness Prevention Program Review the condition of equipment with Job Representative and workers assigned to do the job before any work is started and assure proper accountability is in place. The Operations Representative is responsible for making sure that the workers know what s going on, and what each of their roles in the lockout/tagout procedure is. Address any concerns expressed by the workers and/or Job Representative regarding equipment isolation and preparation. The Operations Representative shall follow up concerns expressed by workers. Reviewing all addenda and communicate to Job Representative. The Operations Representative is responsible for communicating all information about the job, including any changes or additions to the procedures, to the Job Representative. Verify the "Release" and removal of locks and/or tags after the work is completed, and that equipment is returned to a safe operable condition. Notify personnel in the area that equipment is being placed back into service. This notification can be done over the radio, in the logbooks or in person. Job Representative Responsibilities: The person representing the workers performing the job is the Job Representative. It is the Job Representative s responsibility to ensure that the requirements of the Lockout/Tagout Safety Standard are met. A Crew Contact, a worker, or an operator can all be Job Representatives. As a minimum, the Job Representative must: Review scope of job with the Operations Representative. The scope of the job includes the dates that the job will take place, a description of the job, and the reason that the job is being done. Resolve any differences with Operations Representative as they apply to the isolation of the systems. If the Job Representative has a concern about the isolation of the system, the differences must be brought to the attention of the Operations Representative and resolved. Review, verify, and confirm isolation of the system. Worker Responsibilities: Any individual who is directly responsible for an operation, service or maintenance task falls into the category of Worker. As a minimum the Worker must: 7-20

21 Chapter 7 Electrical Safety Review the status of the equipment prior to attaching individual locks and/or tags. Signing "Accepted" or attaching locks and/or tags means the Worker is aware of the isolation that is to take place and is in agreement with it. Communicate any concerns regarding equipment isolation and preparation to the Operations Representative. This communication must take place before a safe work permit is issued and work begins. Notify the Operations Representative of completion of work, any changes in job scope, or identification of any new hazards. The Worker must communicate with the Operations Representative concerning all aspects of the job. Sign "Release" for the Master System and/or remove individual locks and/or tags. This indicates completion of assigned tasks or intention not to work on the system. Return the equipment to a safe operable status relative to the work that was performed. (Replacing guards, housekeeping, etc.) Core Lockout/Tagout Procedure The Core Lockout/Tagout procedure is common to all lockout/tagout procedures. These common steps can be used to achieve 100% control and 100% accountability of allisolating devices and personnel. As a common base for all other lockout/tagout procedures, personnel involved should complete their required steps in the order given: OPERATIONS: Establishes isolation procedure. (Master or Individual) Creates tag location listings and completes Operations Tags. Isolates the system. Verifies and tests isolation, and attaches operations locks and/or tags. Reviews jobs to be performed with Job Representative or Workers. Issues addenda as needed. JOB REPRESENTATIVE: (Worker is Job Representative if the Individual System is used.) Verifies isolation. Reconciles any difference and updates tag location listing with Operations Representative. 7-21

22 Hayward Electric Injury & Illness Prevention Program WORKER: Reviews isolation, signs "Acceptance" if the Master System is used, and, if desired, attaches Individual Tags. Completes a tag location listing if Individual Tags are to be used. Obtains Safe Work Permit. Begins work. Initiates Addendum if needed. Returns completed Safe Work Permit. Signs "Release" if Master System is used. Removes and signs Individual Tags. OPERATIONS: Removes and signs Operations Tags. Reconciles Tags. Makes equipment operable. Individual Lockout/Tagout The Individual Lockout/Tagout System requires that every person working within the isolated system attach his or her Individual lock and/or tag to each isolating device. The Individual System is mandatory for simple jobs. When this system is used the following rules must be followed: Operations Representative is required to attach operation locks and or tags to each isolating device. Each Worker shall complete the required information on the Tag. Each worker is required to attach and Individual lock and/or tag to all appropriate isolating devices that have an Operations Tag attached. After completing the work, the worker(s) must remove their locks and/or tags. If the worker cannot account for all Tags, this must be brought to the attention of the Operations Representative. The Operations Representative removes the Operations locks and/or tags. The Operations Representative must have full reconciliation with the location listing prior to putting equipment back into service. Note: Troubleshooting or testing of equipment may require that the equipment be energized. 7-22

23 Chapter 7 Electrical Safety Group Lock Out / Tag Out In the event that multiple users have the need to lock out in the same location, Group Lock Out / Tag Out can be used utilizing a Group Lock Box. One example of the use of the Group Lock Out /Tag is as follows: One appointed representative places his locks and tags at all the energy sources required to isolate the system to be worked on. The representative then places the key or keys to his lock or locks in the Group Lock Out box. The representative is then responsible for the system isolation. The representative then demonstrates to all authorized and effected employees the system isolation including showing location of locks and tags. All employees are required to place locks and tags on the system then place their locks on the Group Lock Out box. From this point on Lock Out / Tag Out is used for each individual employee as performed in Individual Lock Out / Tag Out. When the system is ready to be restored to the normal operating condition the removal of locks and tags for all employees is performed as in Individual Lock Out / Tag Out. Once the appointed representative has verified that all authorized and effected employees has removed their lock from the Group Lock Out box he then removes his key, then removing his locks from the system isolation locations. At this time the system should be ready for normal start up as performed in the Individual Lock Out / Tag Out. Tags/Locks Tags are to be used for identifying all isolating devices in use for energy control. When Tags/Locks are used, the following rules must be followed: Operations Tags and/or locks must not be removed until all workers removed any Individual Tags. The removal of Operations tags must be the last operation prior to putting the equipment back into service. Workers may attach their Individual locks and/or tags to isolating devices. All Individual Tags must be identified as such. All operating units must have a procedure to account for all keys. Tag and/or Lock Removal for Unavailable Worker Procedures for the removal of locks and/or tags when an individual has failed to sign off of a completed job, or remove their individual locks and/ or tags, must include: Some form of verification that the individual is not at the facility. This verification should include contacting the supervisor. 7-23

24 Hayward Electric Injury & Illness Prevention Program Attempted contact of the individual for verbal "Release". If release is obtained, only the person receiving the release can remove the lock and/or tag. If the employee cannot be contacted: 1. Verify that the system is safe for removal or Tags and /or Locks. 2. Approval by the Owners Representative or his documented designee is required before work can be released for that individual employee who failed to release or remove locks/tags. 3. Notify the individual upon his or her return to the facility that locks and/or tags have been removed. Audits An audit is a formal examination or review. As a minimum, the procedures listed below must be followed: At least annually, there will be audits of compliance by the Company Safety Committee. This audit will be documented. Interviews of all persons around or performing a job task must be conducted. These interviews will be documented. Audits must include a representative sample of lockout/tagout work done. These audits will be documented. A qualified person not directly involved in the job that is being done must perform audits. Training Training on lockout/tagout procedures is required for all workers, both users and nonusers. Training must be fully documented. The name of the trainer, the trainee, the dates of training, and whether the employee was trained as a user or a nonuser of Lockout/Tagout Procedures needs to be documented. Training will be given to all new personnel concerning the Lockout/Tagout Process. 7-24

25 Chapter 7 Electrical Safety Each work site shall provide training on an annual basis to ensure that everyone understands the purpose and function of the Lockout/Tagout Program. Retraining will be required annually. Retraining will also be required under the following special circumstances: 1. When there is a change in the Lockout/Tagout Procedure. 2. When an audit or incident reveals deviations from procedures. 3. When either audit or incidents determine that inadequacies exist in personnel knowledge of or adherence to energy policies and/or procedures. 4. When there are changes in equipment or job assignments (only the workers affected). Electrical Transmission and Distribution Overhead Safe Working Guidelines A. Only qualified employees shall be assigned work on overhead conductors or apparatus. B. When an employee is performing work on any conductor or apparatus energized in excess of 600 Volts, phase to phase, a second employee shall act primarily as an observer for the purpose of preventing an accident. Suitable Clothing & Personal Protective Equipment A. A shirt or jumper with full length sleeves rolled down and approved long gauntlet gloves shall be worn when climbing on erected poles or similar structures and under such other conditions as the employee in charge shall direct. Personnel, other than Electric T&D employees, performing similar work may be permitted by their supervisors to utilize other approved types of gloves. B. Hard Hat - A hard hat/cap, furnished by the Company, shall be worn by all employees when exposed to energized conductors or apparatus, falling or flying objects, or as required by the employee in charge. 7-25

26 Hayward Electric Injury & Illness Prevention Program C. Watch chains, wrist bands, key chains, exposed neck chains, tie chains and clasps made of metal shall not be worn when working on or adjacent to exposed energized conductors or apparatus. D. Proper eye protection must be worn whenever working on energized conductors or apparatus or performing switching operations. Shaded lenses are recommended for outdoor work during daylight hours. Clear lenses shall be worn during darkness or when vision is reduced by other factors. Energized Low Voltage Conductors or Apparatus No employee shall touch any exposed conductors or apparatus energized at less than 300 Volts, phase to phase, unless insulated from other conducting surfaces with adequate protective devices. When such conductors are located within non-climbable metal poles, aerial work shall be done only from an aerial lift. Where clearance specified in APR 405(a) cannot be maintained, all energized primary conductors shall be adequately covered up or barricaded with suitable protective devices. 7-26

27 Chapter 7 Electrical Safety Working Distance A. Table 1 lists the minimum working distances from energized conductors or apparatus, which are not properly covered with approved protective equipment: VOLTAGE (Phase to Phase) DISTANCE 0 to 300 Not Specific 301-2,000 Volts 12" KV 24" KV 28" KV 30" KV 36" KV 48" 230 KV 72" 500 KV 144" Figure 6 - Minimum working distances from Energized Conductors B. Distances in the above table does not prohibit working on conductors or apparatus energized from: to 5,000 Volts, nominal phase to phase, with approved protective equipment. 2. 5,000 to 21,000 Volts, nominal phase to phase, using approved Rubber Glove work methods. C. Nothing in this rule shall prohibit climbing past bond wires. D. The above working distances do not apply to energized conductors or apparatus protected by a suitable barrier or properly covered with approved protective devices. 7-27

28 Hayward Electric Injury & Illness Prevention Program However, intentional contact shall not be made with the protective coverings, except for installation or removal. Testing Conductors and Apparatus A. Conductors which normally operate at ground potential may sometimes become energized by reason of faulty or inadequate connection. Always treat conductors and apparatus as energized until tested otherwise. B. Ground conductors should be handled with the same caution as is used with energized conductors. Pole Mounted Apparatus A. All cutouts and disconnects shall be operated with a fuse or switch stick, or approved telescoping live line tool. B. Contact with transformer, capacitor, regulator or oil switch cases, bond wires, hardware supporting primary voltage insulation and other apparatus shall be avoided except when tested and grounded or worked upon with approved devices. C. Report any defective line or portion of apparatus to supervision immediately. Do not take unnecessary risks attempting to correct defects. Working Position Always perform work on energized conductors or apparatus from below unless it is not practicable. Grounding Overhead Lines A. Only approved grounding devices shall be used to ground overhead lines. B. Any exposed de-energized part of a overhead line normally operated at a voltage in excess of 600 Volts, phase to phase, shall not be worked on until the normally energized parts have been tested de-energized and all conductors of the circuit have been short circuited and grounded against all possible sources of energy. C. When Single Point Grounds are used on Distribution or Transmission circuits, a single point ground shall be installed at each work location. The pole band, which is a part of the single point grounding procedure, provides an equal potential work zone. On steel structures the equal potential zone is established with the combined use of a butt ground and shunt. 7-28

29 Chapter 7 Electrical Safety D. When Master Grounds are used, grounds shall be installed between the work area and all possible sources of energy. Energized high voltage lines which cross over or under a de-energized line shall be considered possible sources of energy. E. In addition, where only distribution circuits are involved, a personal ground (pole band and shunt) or lineman rubber gloves shall be used when working within the master grounds under any of the following conditions: 1. The wood pole surface is considered very damp or wet after being exposed to rain, wet fog, etc. A. There is less than two feet of clearance measured along the surface of the pole between the lineman working in the normal primary area and any ground attached to the pole. B. Work is performed from steel structures. 2. In addition, when working on a distribution conductor on any wood or metal structure that supports an energized transmission circuit or that is exposed to such a transmission circuit crossing, a personal ground shall be used when working within the master grounds. 3. In addition, when work is to be performed within a cleared and grounded transmission line section, the conductor to be worked on at each location shall be grounded at that work location using an appropriate personal ground. 4. Line grounding devices that have any one of their component parts less than fifteen (15) feet above ground, except those used in the Underground, or at Substations, shall be placed so that at least one of them is readily visible to at least one member of the crew. 5. Adequate means shall be taken to prevent workers from making contact with grounding devices and energized conductors or apparatus. 6. The grounding devices shall first be connected to a ground before being brought in contact with any conductor or apparatus to be grounded. When being removed, they shall be removed from all conductors or apparatus before being disconnected from ground. 7. Employees outside of the equal potential work zone shall avoid contact with any portion of the grounding device which can become energized. 7-29