: Electric Power Generation, Transmission, and Distribution. Region IV - OSHA

Transcription

1 : Electric Power Generation, Transmission, and Distribution Region IV - OSHA

2 Scope This standard covers the operation and maintenance of electric power generation, control, transformation transmission, an distribution lines and equipment.

3 Construction VS Maintenance Construction: The erection of new electric lines and equipment. The alteration, conversion, and improvement of existing lines and equipment.

4 (a)(2): Training All employees: Safety practices of Emergency procedures Other necessary safety practices

5 Training in Emergency Procedures

6 (a)(2): Training Qualified employees: Ability to distinguish live parts Ability to determine voltage Knowledge of minimum approach distances Ability to use protective equipment

7 (a)(2): Training Regular supervision and annual inspection to determine compliance Follow-up training and retraining: New work procedures Tasks performed infrequently Certification

8 (b)(1): CPR & First Aid Training Performing work on or associated with: Exposed lines, or Equipment energized at 50 volts or more

9 (b)(1): CPR & First Aid Training Field work - crews of two or more employees: Two trained persons, or All new hires trained within 3 months Fixed work locations: Trained person available within 4 minutes, or All employees are trained

10 (b)(2): First Aid Supplies First aid supplies in a weatherproof container on a service truck.

11 (c): Job Briefing Subjects: Hazards and personal protective equipment Work procedures and special precautions Energy source control

12 Job Briefing

13 (c): Job Briefing Number of briefings: Before start of each day or shift Additional job briefings if significant changes occur Based on nature and complexity of work Job planning for one-person crews

14 (d): Hazardous Energy Control Procedures Deenergize and lock or tag Additional protective measures for tags Protection equivalent to locks

15 (d)(2)(ii)(B): Use of Tagout System Only Demonstrate full employee protection Safety equivalent to lockout

16 Application of Lockout Tags rather than locks are commonly used in electric utilities

17 (d)(2)(ii)(B): Use of Tagout System Only Examples of demonstration of employee protection: Removal of a fuse Removal of an isolating circuit element Blocking mechanism on switch Opening of additional switches on main circuit, on control circuit

18 (e): Enclosed Spaces Entered under normal operating conditions: Manholes, Vaults Applies to routine entry in lieu of (d) to (k) (e) & (t) apply to entry only

19 (e): Enclosed Spaces (c) still applies: Identify permit spaces Keep unqualified persons out Coordinate with contractors If hazardous conditions develop, use

20 (e): Enclosed Spaces Enclosed Spaces (Specific) Training: Entrants, attendants Rescue equipment provided Evaluate hazards: Use of attendants Test, ventilate, monitor

21 Manhole Atmospheric Testing prior to Entry

22 Manhole Vault with Protective Barrier

23 Rescue training Vault Entry

24 Vault Entry Rescue Equipment

25 Testing Equipment

26 (g): Personal Protective Equipment Follow Part 1910, Subpart I: Eye and face Respiratory Head, foot Electrical protective devices

27 Lineman with Protective Gear

28 Supplied Air Respirator

29 Air-Purifying Respirator Negative-pressure fit check

30 Air-Purifying Respirator Positive-pressure fit check

31 (g)(2): Fall Protection When required: Heights greater than 4 feet Poles, towers, and similar structures

32 Pole Climbing

33 Body Belt

34 Pole Climbing Strap

35

36

37 Tower Climbing Tower Climbing with proper person protective equipment

38 Tower Climbing Tower Climbing with proper person protective equipment

39 (g)(2): Fall Protection Not required by qualified employee: Climbing Changing location Must be free from unsafe conditions: Ice, high winds, contamination on structure Must have hands free for climbing

40 (g)(2): Fall Protection Does not address working on: Portions of buildings Electric equipment (transformers, capacitors) Aerial lifts

41

42

43 (h): Ladders, Platforms, Step Bolts, & Manhole Steps Part 1910, Subpart D applies Special ladders and platforms: Exempt from pitch & footing requirements Must be secured in position May not be overloaded

44 Special Ladder Special ladder secured in position

45 (h): Ladders, Platforms, Step Bolts, & Manhole Steps Special ladders and platforms Cont d: Must be designed for use Must have a safety factor of at least 2.5 times the maximum Intended load

46 (i): Hand and Portable Power Tools Cord - and plug connected equipment: Part 1910, Subpart S applies Grounded, double - insulated, or connected through an isolated transformer with an ungrounded secondary Portable and vehicle - mounted generators Hydraulic and pneumatic tools

47 (j): Live - Line Tools Design: 100 kv/ft for fiberglass reinforced plastic (FRP) 75 kv/ft for wood Condition of tools: Daily inspection before use; inspection every two years Tests after repair and after inspection for hollow FRP and wood tools

48 Live Line Tools

49 Live Line Tools

50 (k): Materials Handling and Storage Part 1910, Subpart N applies Storage in areas restricted to qualified persons: Materials must be outside working space See (u)(1) and (v)(3) Storage in unrestricted areas: Materials must be 10 ft away Add 4 inches for every kv over 50 kv

51 (l)(1): Qualified employees only At least two persons for: Work with exposure at more than 600 V Work with equivalent hazards Two persons not required for: Live - line tool work Routine switching Emergency repairs

52 (l)(2): Minimum Approach Distances Minimum approach distances (Tables R-6 through R-10) Exceptions: Insulate the employee Insulate the live part Employee is insulated from other exposed conductive object, As during live-line bare-hand work

53 Safety Equipment Inspection

54 Installation of Rubber Blankets

55 (l)(6): Apparel Conductive Clothing: Prohibited unless no increased hazard of electrical contact Flammable Clothing: Train employees in hazards Clothing may not increase extent of possible injury

56 100% Cotton Shirt

57 100% Cotton Shirt

58 Synthetic Shirt

59 Clothing Issue What method are you using to protect employees from electric arcs and flames? Flame Retardant. Treated. 100% Cotton. Appropriate weight. Documentation.

60 Denim Jeans

61 100% Cotton Sock

62 Flame Resistant Shirt

63

64 (m): Deenergizing Lines and Equipment for Employee Protection

65 Employee Protection Applies to transmission and distribution System operator controls switching - central control No central control - use employee in charge Request clearance of system from operator

66 Employee Protection Deenergize line: Open disconnecting means Tag disconnecting means Test for deenergized conditions Install protective grounds

67 Employee Protection Work on line Release clearance: Notify employees Clear employees Remove protective grounds Report to the system operator

68 Employee Protection Reenergize Line: Remove tags Close disconnecting means

69 (n): Grounding for the Protection of Employees Ground deenergized lines, unless No possibility of contact with other source hazard of induced voltage is not present Equipotential zone Test before applying grounds

70 Grounds

71 Grounds

72 Grounding of Lines

73 Checking Ground Wire

74 Ground Installation Proper order of connection and removal: Install ground end first Remove line or equipment end first

75 (o): Testing and Test Facilities Applies to high-power and highvoltage testing rather than routine line work Establish safe practices Guard test areas Grounding to be established and implemented Safety checks required

76 (p): Mechanical Equipment Mechanical considerations: Inspection Provisions for backing up Roll-over protective structures Outriggers Load ratings

77 Bucket Truck

78 Digger Derrick Truck

79 Bucket Truck Bucket truck with outriggers fully extended

80 (p): Mechanical Equipment Operations near energized lines (equipment) Maintain minimum approach distance: Insulated portion of aerial lift is exempt Designated observer if necessary

81 Warning Label on Bucket Truck

82 Lineman in Bucket

83 (p): Mechanical Equipment Additional precautions: Insulate the lines, or Insulate the mechanical equipment, or Protect employees from hazardous differences in potential

84 Insulating Lines

85 Insulating Lines

86 Protecting Employee form Differences in potential

87 Protecting Employee form Differences in potential

88 (q): Overhead Lines Poles, towers safe for climbing (Test methods for poles in Appendix D) Installing and removing lines: Mechanical considerations Electrical considerations Live-line bare-hand work; training required Tower and structure work

89 (r): Line - Clearance Tree Trimming Operations

90 (r)(1): Electrical Not applicable to qualified employees Always maintain minimum approach distance Work may not be performed in adverse weather conditions Special training required for work in the aftermath of a storm

91 Tree Limb Lodged Between Two Energized Lines

92 Mechanical Equipment Requirements for: Brush chippers Sprayers Stump cutters Power saws

93 (r)(8): Fall Protection Each employee shall be tied in with a climbing rope and safety saddle when the employee is working aloft in a tree.

94 (s): Communication Facilities Microwave Transmission: See Radiation protection guide Power Line Carrier

95 (t): Underground Electrical Installations Access (ladder etc.) required for depth >4 ft. Attendants for manholes: First aid and CPR training. Employee on the surface may enter briefly to assist; other than emergency. No attendant for housekeeping, taking readings, etc.

96 Access ladder for Underground Electrical Installation (Vault)

97 First Aid Training Inside a Vault

98 (t): Underground Electrical Installations Defective cables: Deenergize, if possible Use shield to contain fault

99 (u): Substations Access and working space: NESC guidelines Guarding of live parts: NESC guidelines, or Subpart S (NEC) requirements Keep draw-out-type circuit breakers in open position when removing or inserting Grounding of conductive fences

100 Substation Overview

101 Detailed View of Transformers

102 Insulators & Connectors

103 (v): Power Generation Access and working space: NESC guidelines Guarding of live parts: NESC guidelines, or Subpart S (NEC) requirements Changing generator brushes: Check for ground condition

104 (v): Power Generation Chemical cleaning of boilers - restrict access, post signs Chlorine systems Coal and ash handling: MSHA jurisdiction Railroad Conveyors Storage areas

105 (w): Special Conditions Capacitors Illumination to enable performing safe work Protection against drowning (U.S. Coast Guard approved floating devices) Employee protection in public work areas: Traffic control Barricades

106 Traffic Control

107 Warning Sign

108