Deep Sea Coral Research and Technology Program
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1 Deep Sea Coral Research and Technology Program Magnuson-Stevens Fisheries Conservation and Management Act 2006 o Sec. 408: Established Deep Sea Coral Research and Technology Program o Sec. 303(b)(2): New discretionary authority to protect deep-sea coral areas identified by the Program from damage by fishing gear Program funded in FY 2009 o $1.5 million in FY 2009 o $2.5 million in FY 2010 Implemented as a matrix program Healthy Oceans in SEE Based on sound science and targeted to address NOAA s deep-sea coral management responsibilities especially fisheries and National Marine Sanctuaries Addresses principle threats and supports marine spatial planning 1
2 Deep-Sea Coral Field Research and Mapping Alaska Northeast U.S West Coast Southeast U.S Stony Coral Gorgonian Black Coral Gold Coral Lace Coral Structure-Forming Deep-Sea Corals of the U.S. 2
3 Regional Expert Workshops: Research Priorities Rank Southeast U.S West Coast 2010 Alaska Complete multi-beam sonar surveys for proposed Deepwater Coral MPAs 2 Association of deep-sea corals and sponges with other species 3 Map and characterize deepsea coral and sponge distributions Map and characterize deepsea coral and sponge distributions Association of deep-sea corals and sponges with other species Biology of deep-sea corals (taxonomy, life history, connectivity) Mine existing info on coral & sponge distributions; Conduct new mapping Functions corals & sponges provide for managed species Habitat suitability modeling 4 Anthropogenic impacts Habitat suitability modeling Coral and sponge population characteristics 5 Habitat suitability modeling Anthropogenic impacts Fishing impacts, bycatch & closed areas 3
4 West Coast Field Research Why the West Coast? Inform Council s 5 year EFH Review Describe deep-sea coral locations for discretionary deep sea coral zones Address petitions for conservation of corals and sponge reefs Contribute to Sanctuary planning Study systems across large geographic ranges as to ecosystem management plans 4
5 NOAA s Deep Sea Coral Program - West Coast Priority EFH sites off WA and CA Research Objectives Characterize distribution & abundance of DSC communities Understand factors that influence DSC distribution and condition Evaluate proposed changes to EFH and Sanctuary boundaries Evaluate function of DSC as fish habitat Diverse investigators and participants: NOAA Fisheries, Sanctuaries, NCCOS Academia & Research Institutes USGS Tribal Multiple underwater tools & support vessels: U Conn Kraken 2 ROV, NMFS Seabed AUV, multibeam sonar, Dual Deepworker manned submersible NOAA McArthur II, R/V Pacific Storm, F/V Velero 5
6 NOAA s Deep Sea Coral Program - West Coast Kraken 2 Remotely Operated Vehicle (ROV) Owned/operated by University Connecticut Real-time imaging of corals, sponges, demersal fishes, and habitats Control of sampling and decisionmaking by science team and pilots Collection of HD digital video imagery,digital still photos, CTD data, and samples for species ID and genetics 6
7 NOAA s Deep Sea Coral Program - West Coast Nuytco Dual Deepworker Manned Submersible Owned/operated by Nuytco Research Real-time imaging and observations of corals, sponges, demersal fishes, and habitats Collection of HD digital video imagery, digital still photos, CTD data, and samples for species ID and genetics 7
8 NOAA s Deep Sea Coral Program - West Coast Lucille Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV) AUV developed and operated jointly by NOAA Fisheries NWFSC & PIFSC (collaboration with WHOI) Non-extractive surveys of corals, sponges, demersal fishes, and habitats High resolution still cameras (downward and oblique facing), paired lasers, strobe lighting ~ 3 m 2 ~ 3m 8
9 NOAA s Deep Sea Coral Program - West Coast McArthur II Cruise: Leg 1 June Focus on obtaining coral and sponge information to inform proposed modifications of Olympic 2 EFH 1 ROV test dive (inside Straits) 1 ROV daytime survey dive in priority area (9 hrs; 120 m depth) 2 AUV night-time survey dives in priority areas Number of dives limited by adverse weather Participants: Ed Bowlby, Jennifer Bright, & Janet Lamont (OCNMS) Peter Etnoyer (NCCOS) Colby Brady (Makah Tribe) Sean Rooney (WASU) Elizabeth Clarke, Curt Whitmire, Erica Fruh (NWFSC) Jeff Anderson & Jeremy Taylor (PIFSC) ROV team (University Connecticut) 9
10 LEG 1 ROV Habitat: mostly boulder fields with attached crinoids Primary coral species: small colonies of Swiftia beringi Primary sponge: green lunar sponge (Latrunculia sp.) Primary fish species: yelloweye, yellowtail, and canary rockfish AUV image: yelloweye rockfish Swiftia beringi lunar sponge Latrunculia sp AUV image: vase sponge
11 NOAA s Deep Sea Coral Program - West Coast McArthur II Cruise: Leg 2 June 19-25, 2010 Focus on assessing coral habitat in area Cordell Bank and Gulf of the Farallones National Marine Sanctuaries 1 ROV daytime survey dive in priority area (11 hrs; m number of dives limited by adverse weather) 3 quantitative transects ( m) for fishes, corals, other inverts Water chemistry at night: 5 CTD stations on shelf and slope ( m); water samples (salinity, nutrients, dissolved inorganic carbon, total alkalinity) Participants: Dan Howard, Dale Roberts,Kaitlin Graiff (CBNMS) Jan Roletto, Jamie Hall (GFNMS) Peter Etnoyer, Jeff Hyland (NCCOS) Brandon Roark, Adrian Minor, Sarah Stryker (Texas A & M University) Guy Cochrane (USGS) ROV Team 11
12 LEG 2 Habitat: sand/cobble w/ some boulder below 200 m; boulder fields/bedrock above 200 m Over 100 observations of 6 different species of DSC (4 new to Sanctuary; most were small) Very few barrel sponges 1. Primnoid: Plumarella sp. (dominant habitat-forming coral) 2. Paragorgia sp. (n = 3) 3. Anthomastus ritteri 4. Sea pen 5. Swiftia sp. 6. orange cup corals 12
13 NOAA s Deep Sea Coral Program - West Coast McArthur II Cruise: Leg 3 June 27 - July 2, 2010 Focus on assessing coral and sponge habitat in area of Piggy Bank, a deep rocky bank within CINMS and EFH Conservation Area in Southern CA Bight 6 ROV daytime dives ( m); 136+ taxa of demersal organisms; 22+ taxa of corals; of DSC & sponge observations; 45+ hrs HDV 8 AUV night-time missions ( m); 12.5 survey hrs; 16,784 digital images 9 CTD casts and 130 water samples (DIC, nutrients; m) 33 samples collected (16 corals, 10 sponges, 7 other inverts) Participants Mary Yoklavich, Tom Laidig, Lisa Krigsman, Di Watters (SWFSC) Liz Clarke, Curt Whitmire, Erica Fruh (NWFSC) Jeff Anderson & Jeremy Taylor (PIFSC) Milton Love (UCSB) Lonny Lundsten (MBARI) Dani Lipski & Steve Katz (CINMS) ROV team (University Connecticut) 13
14 Common Coral taxa on high-relief rock pinnacles & boulders on top of Piggy Bank Lophelia pertusa Swiftia sp. Christmas tree coral Antipathes dendrochristos Paragorgia sp. 14 Primnoid
15 Common Coral taxa on hard substrata at mid-to-bottom of Piggy Bank Telestula sp. Paragorgia sp. Zooanthids Primnoid Parastenella sp. 15
16 Common Coral taxa on soft sediments at mid-to-bottom of Piggy Bank Halipteris sp. with Asteronyx sp. (brittle star) Anthoptilum grandiflorum and Sebastolobus sp. Umbellula lindhali Sea pen (UNID) and Pannychia moseleyi Pennatula phosphorea 16
17 Sponges on Piggy Bank Staurocalyptus sp. Dead Heterochone calyx Heterochone calyx Barrel sponge with Gorgonocephalus Vase sponge with Liponema brevicornis Vase sponge with hagfish Cloud sponge Farrea occa 17
18 Leg 3: Images from AUV black coral vase sponge bank rockfish Paragorgia bank rockfish bank rockfish boulders black coral 18
19 Sample Distribution Coral Genetics Lophelia Sandra Brooke; Stephen Cairns x Paragorgia (peppermint coral) Peter Etnoyer x Parastenella spp (white polyps grey skeleton) Stephen Cairns x Primnoa (yellow, golden) Stephen Cairns x Primnoid (pale pink) Stephen Cairns x Scleractinia Stephen Cairns x Pennatula phosphorea (white, maroon) Gary Williams x sea pen (purple/maroon) Gary Williams x sea pen (white rachis, pink polylps) Gary Williams x Telestula (Clavulariidae; white) Gary Williams x Swiftia pacifica Beth Horvath x Swiftia sp (dark pink) Beth Horvath x Sponge yellow space ship sponge James Weaver Poecilosclerida (stalked sponge) James Weaver x 2 cream sponges James Weaver palm frond sponge James Weaver pipe sponge James Weaver cauliflower sponge James Weaver puff ball sponge James Weaver misc items - sponges (2), brittle stars, worms James Weaver goiter sponge (juvenile) James Weaver sponge (cream white) James Weaver Zoanthid Zoanthid (tan) Timothy Swain x Zoanthid (tan) Timothy Swain x Tunicate tunicate (yellow, green neon) tunicate (white) tunicate (clear, pale yellow) Invertebrate radio tower worms (red bodies, black tubes) sea cucumber (white) nudibranch (Dendronottid, orange) nudibranch (Aloliod?, white with pink cirri) brittle stars assoc. w/puffball sponge Karen Sanamyan Leslie Harris/Greg Rouse Greg Rouse? Terry Gosliner Terry Gosliner Gordon Hendler? 19
20 NOAA s Deep Sea Coral Program - West Coast Cruise 2: 4-10 October 2010 Specific Research Objectives: Quantify habitat-specific abundance and size composition of Christmas tree black corals Evaluate change in coral community 8 yrs after initial baseline Determine fish associations with black corals (understand corals as EFH) Survey tools: Dual Deepworker manned research submersible and F/V Velero Primary Study Site: Christmas tree coral hotspot (Hidden Reef, m, Southern CA Bight) 20
21 NOAA s Deep Sea Coral Program - West Coast Cruise 2: 4-10 October submersible dives ( m) at Hidden Reef, Footprint and Piggy Banks observations of DSC & sponges 17 hrs annotated High-Definition Video 11 CTD casts (temp, salinity, depth, O 2 ) along dive tracks 3 collections (Primnoid, Lophelia, and Paragorgia corals; sponges) Participants Mary Yoklavich, Tom Laidig, Lisa Krigsman, Di Watters, Andrew Taylor (SWFSC) Milton Love, Linda Snook, Mary Nishimoto (UCSB) 21
22 NOAA s Deep Sea Coral Program - West Coast Cruise 3: July (multibeam) and September (AUV) Study Site: Glass sponge reefs associated with methane plumes in Grays Canyon on Washington coast Specific Research Objectives: Map extent of sponge reefs Describe associated fish and invertebrate community Evaluate role of sponge reefs as EFH Provide Pacific Council with information to decide on EFH proposals for protection of reefs Survey tools: NMFS Seabed AUV; contracted multibeam gear and support vessel 22
23 NOAA s Deep Sea Coral Program - West Coast Cruise 3: July (multibeam) and September (AUV) Detailed multibeam of sponge area 7 AUV dives in sponge reef area Over 24,000 Digital Still images of sponges, habitat and groundfish 7 temp, salinity, depth along dive tracks Detailed images and multibeam for photomosaic over original site Participants from Woods Hole Oceanographic, Oregon State University, NWFSC and PIFSC 23
24 Summary The Council is a key partner. In the first year, research took place in areas identified as being of potential management interest. Results are still being analyzed, but initial observations suggest the following: There are important coral habitats in the Channel Islands and in the area of the Olympic Coast Sanctuary The glass sponge habitats off Washington extend beyond the initial site that was identified several years ago Planning for year 2 & 3 of the field research is underway In addition to field research, the DSCRTP is supporting analysis of existing information that can inform management and that will continue beyond the 3 year field research. We look forward to continuing to work closely with the Council. 24
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