New results from long-term monitoring of Rila mountain region ( )
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1 New results from long-term monitoring of Rila mountain region (2-26) Elements content in grass and lichen samples Emilia Nikolova, Ari Artinyan INRNE-BAS, XRF Laboratory
2 The element content measurements are based on EDXRF analyses Isotope excitation of characteristics lines is used A simple sample preparation procedure is applied
3 Elements content in grass samples
4
5 Why grass? The Grass is wide spread phyto-monitor - from the low valley to the high mountain. It is almost everywhere All kinds of grass are used as a feed for many animals Concentrations of trace elements found inside grass are directly correlated with environmental levels of these elements All the samples were collected from the open area, far away from local ways, roads and impact terrains The grass samples were analyzed for 3 elements
6 3 Comparison of shown elements concentration in grass samples from different regions of Rila mountain during S Cl K Ca Maljovica Semkovo D. banja Beli Iskar Borovetz M. Carkva Belchin III window III window
7 14 Comparison of shown elements concentration in grass samples from different regions of Rila mountain during Mn Fe Cu Zn Maljovica Semkovo D. banja Beli Iskar Borovetz M. Carkva Belchin III w indow III w indow
8 18 Comparison of shown elements concentration in grass samples from different regions of Rila mountain during Br Rb Sr Zr 4 2 Maljovica Semkovo D. banja Beli Iskar Borovetz M. Carkva Belchin III window III window
9 7 Comparison of shown elements concentration in grass samples from different regions of Rila mountain during Ba Pb Maljovica Semkovo D. banja Beli Iskar Borovetz M. Carkva Belchin III w indow III w indow
10 Comparison of shown elements concentration in grass samples from Sofia region (INRNE) and Rila mountain during October - December S Cl K Ca Sofia Sofia III window Sofia III window Sofia October December October November
11 Comparison of shown elements concentration in grass samples from Sofia region (INRNE) and Rila mountain during October - December Mn Fe Cu Zn Sofia Sofia III window Sofia III window Sofia October December October November
12 Comparison of shown elements concentration in grass samples from Sofia region (INRNE) and Rila mountain during October - December Br Rb Sr Sofia Sofia III window Sofia III window Sofia October December November October
13 Comparison of shown elements concentration in grass samples from Sofia region (INRNE) and Rila mountain during October - December Ba Pb M ousala Sofia M ousala Sofia III window Sofia III window Sofia October December October November
14 Elements content in lichen samples
15 Why lichen? Lichen are at a lower level of the biological system growth. Lichens are dependent almost exclusively on the atmosphere for nutrients, absorbing and retaining captions from very dilute solutions like rain-water. It is well known that they have the ability to accumulate many airborne substances to concentrations above those in the environment. Some authors showed that the concentrations of trace elements found inside lichen are directly correlated with environmental levels of these elements. All the samples were collected from spruce tree (Picea) at the height 1,5-2 m and analyzed for 3 elements.
16 Pine lichen (Letharia vulpina)
17 An assortment of fruticose and foliose bark lichens
18 Concentration of selected elements in lichen from different region of Rila mountain P S Cl K Ca 4 2 Beli Iskar 2,1, Yundola 27,6,2 Yundola 29,6,5 Borovetz 3,6,3 Karaalanica 3,7,5 Semkovo 3,7,5 2,1,4 27,1,6 3,11,6 Vadutz 2,6,6 Standard
19 Beli Iskar 2,1, Concentration of Fe in lichen from different region of Rila mountain Fe 1st Yundola Qtr 27,6,2 Yundola 29,6,5 2nd Borovetz Qtr 3,6,3 3rd Qtr Karaalanica 3,7,5 Semkovo 3,7,5 4th Qtr 2,1,4 27,1,6 3,11,6 East West North Vadutz 2,6,6 Fe Standard
20 Concentration of selected elements in lichen from different region of Rila mountain Beli Iskar 2,1, Yundola Yundola Borovetz Karaalanica Semkovo 1st Qtr 2nd Qtr 3rd Qtr 4th Qtr 27,6,2 29,6,5 3,6,3 3,7,5 3,7,5 2,1,4 27,1,6 Ti Mn Cu Zn 3,11,6 Vadutz 2,6,6 East West North Standard
21 Concentration of selected elements in lichen from different region of Rila mountain 12 1 Br Rb Sr Zr Beli Iskar 2,1, Yundola 27,6,2 Yundola 29,6,5 Borovetz 3,6,3 Karaalanica 3,7,5 Semkovo 3,7,5 2,1,4 27,1,6 3,11,6 Vadutz 2,6,6 Standard
22 14 Concentration of selected elements in lichen from different region of Rila mountain 12 1 Ba Pb Beli Iskar 2,1, Yundola 27,6,2 Yundola 29,6,5 Borovetz 3,6,3 Karaalanica 3,7,5 Semkovo 3,7,5 2,1,4 27,1,6 3,11,6 Vadutz 2,6,6 Standard
23 CONCLUSIONS There are No significant changes in elements content in the investigated monitors during the period More regularly sampling is necessary in order to provide statistically reliable estimations The EDXRF is one of the analytical methods proved for long-term investigation of great amounts of environment oriented samples
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