Wave. Energy. Lesson 1. Unit 2: Water! From Waves to Weather DRAFT

Transcription

1 Unit 2: Water! From Waves to Weather Wave Energy Lesson 1 DRAFT

2 Unit 2: Water! From Waves to Weather Lesson 1 Wave Energy Waves carry energy, Not matter. Students learn the basic properties of waves. They learn how wave energy affects them every day through sound. Students apply this knowledge to animals in the ocean, learning how they communicate in their environment.

3 Table Of Contents 4 Launch! Waves. Waves are movements of energy. 6 Making Waves A1: Wave Shape. Wave energy has crests and troughs. 12 Riding Waves A2: Energy Transfer. Waves transfer energy, not molecules. 18 Groovin Waves A3: Sound. Sound travels in invisible waves from molecule to molecule. 24 Underwater Biophony A4: Marine Animal Sounds. Many ocean animals make noises.

4 Unit 2: Water! WAVE ENERGY What is a wave? Launch! (Waves) Movement of Energy! Waves are movements of energy. Materials Nothing to gather Ready? Nothing to prepare. Set? Unit 2-Lesson 1-Activity 1: Making Waves (Wave Shape) Unit 2-Lesson 1-Activity 2: Riding Waves (Energy Transfer) Unit 2-Lesson 1-Activity 3: Groovin Waves (Sound) Unit 2-Lesson 1-Activity 4: Underwater Biophony (Marine Animal Sounds) Unit 4-Lesson 1-Activity 5: Wind Winds Waves (Waves) Hawaii Standards SC Go! Develop Know-Wonder-Learn chart with students. 4 Hawaii Coral Reef Initiative * U2.L1.Launch! *

5 Reef Pulse - U2 L1 Launch! Think about it... What is a wave? Launch! Make a wave as a class. Stand in a big circle. First person: Lift your hands into the air and lower them. Next person: Lift your hands into the air. Start as soon as first person starts to lower his or her hands. Interesting Fact The wave at sporting events has no clear inventor. Here are a few people who have been given credit: Frank Zappa, Bill the Beerman, Krazy George, and the University of Washington. Continue sequentially through class. How it works Movement of energy! Waves move either upwards-and-downwards or backwards-and-forwards. Think of your class wave. Your hands moved upwards and downwards as your wave energy traveled. Think About It Can only one person do the wave? On a Related Note Electromagnetic energy travels through air. We used to receive television signals through these air waves. Radio signals still travel them, however. Hawaii Coral Reef Initiative * U2.L1.Launch! * 5

6 Unit 2: Water! WAVE ENERGY What shape does a wave have? Making Waves (Wave Shape) Crest and Trough! Wave energy has crests and troughs. Materials Sheet (1 per pair) Whiteboard Whiteboard marker Yardstick Coloring material Hawaii Standards SC.K.1.3 SC SC SC SC Ready? Explore Nothing to prepare. Set? Unit 1-Lesson 3-Activity 1: Line of Light (Straight) Unit 2-Lesson 1-Activity 2: Riding Waves (Energy Transfer) Unit 2-Lesson 1-Activity 3: Groovin Waves (Sound) Unit 2-Lesson 1-Activity 4: Underwater Biophony (Marine Animal Sounds) Unit 4-Lesson 1-Activity 5: Wind Winds Waves (Waves) Go! Develop Know-Wonder-Learn chart with students. 6 Hawaii Coral Reef Initiative * U2.L1.A1 *

7 Reef Pulse - U2 L1 A1 Think about it... What shape does a wave have? Engage Make a wave in pairs. Hold two corners of a sheet. Fold in half vertically one or two times. Partner two: Move arms upwards and downwards. Partner one: Tightly hold your two corners without moving. Observe shape sheet makes. Switch roles. Keiki Storytime Magic School Bus: On the Ocean Floor by Joanna Cole (J C) Just for Fun Make waves with a long jump rope! Put it on the ground. Wiggle one end backward and forwards. Expressive Expressions People talk about making waves when someone does something that will upset or create problems. Hawaii Coral Reef Initiative * U2.L1.A1 * 7

8 Unit 2: Water! WAVE ENERGY Making Waves CREST TROUGH Think about it... What parts do waves have? Explore Form crests and troughs in small groups. Stand in a line in front of class whiteboard. Stand two feet apart. Hold hands. Trace outline of group. Go from head down to hands and back up to head. Try to make line as smooth as possible. Move away from whiteboard. Observe wave just created. Label top of wave, crest. Label low point, trough (rhymes with cough ). 8 Hawaii Coral Reef Initiative * U2.L1.A1 *

9 Reef Pulse - U2 L1 A1 Explain Waves move energy! Ocean waves, light waves, sound waves, radio waves, and microwaves use waves to transfer energy across distances. What shape does a wave have? Repeating pattern! Think of the shape your sheet made when you waved it through air. Waves have repeating high and low points. What parts do waves have? Crests and troughs! Look at the wave on the board. Your heads formed crests and your hands troughs! Uncle says when you surf, you begin paddling while in the trough. Soon, the wave s energy picks up your board and you pop up near the crest. You ride down the face of the wave from the crest toward the trough. You have just been playing with physics! What s in a Word? Crest comes from the Latin word crista (tuft or plume). Trough comes from the old English word trog (made of wood). Career Corner Surfers learn all about the motion of wave energy. NOAA Link Ocean water travels in waves. Learn more about the shape of ocean waves with National Ocean Service. noaa.gov Search Coastal Currents Hawaii Coral Reef Initiative * U2.L1.A1 * 9

10 Unit 2: Water! WAVE ENERGY Making Waves Think about it... How do scientists measure waves? Elaborate Measure your waves as a group. Examine your wave on the board. How might you measure the wave? Measure from one crest to the next crest. Measure from one trough to the next trough. Compare your two measurements. How it works Finding the distance between similar parts of two adjacent waves! Oceanographers call this distance wavelength. When you measured the distance from crest-to-crest (or, trough-to-trough), you found the wavelength of your wave. What was your wavelength? It should have been about two feet. 10 Hawaii Coral Reef Initiative * U2.L1.A1 *

11 Reef Pulse - U2 L1 A1 Evaluate What shape does a wave have? Answer by drawing a set of five waves individually. Label the crest and trough of one wave. How do buoys placed in the ocean help predict storms? Scientists Say......equilibrium for the line halfway between crest and trough....amplitude for the distance between the crest or trough and equilibrium. Uncle calls amplitude height. Assess Did You Know? Waves with more energy have a greater amplitude (height). This makes sense. Bigger ocean waves can more easily knock you over. SC.K.1.3 Collect data about living and non-living things. SC Collect, record, and organize data using simple tools, equipment, and techniques safely. SC Describe a variety of changes that occur in nature. SC Develop predictions based on observations. SC Conduct a simple investigation using a systematic process safely to test a prediction. Invention Center Buoys in the ocean track air pressure, wind, temperature, and wave energy to help with weather forecasting. Hawaii Coral Reef Initiative * U2.L1.A1 * 11

12 Unit 2: Water! WAVE ENERGY Do waves move energy or molecules? Riding Waves (Energy Transfer) Energy! Waves transfer energy, not molecules. Materials Ball Slinky String (bright color) Scissors Cubby bin (1 per group) Cork (1 per group) Craft stick (1 per group) Water Dominoes Hawaii Standards SC.K.1.3 SC SC SC SC Ready? Nothing to prepare. Set? Unit 1-Lesson 3-Activity 1: Line of Light (Straight) Unit 2-Lesson 1-Activity 2: Riding Waves (Energy Transfer) Unit 2-Lesson 1-Activity 3: Groovin Waves (Sound) Unit 2-Lesson 1-Activity 4: Underwater Biophony (Animal Sounds) Unit 4-Lesson 1-Activity 5: Wind Winds Waves (Waves) Unit 4-Lesson 3-Activity 5: Stop Pulling Me! (Tides) Unit 6-Lesson 2-Activity 6: Force Called Friction (Friction) Go! Develop Know-Wonder-Learn chart with students. 12 Hawaii Coral Reef Initiative * U2.L1.A2 *

13 Reef Pulse - U2 L1 A2 Reading Resource Waves: From Surfing to Tsunami by Drew Kampion (J Ka) Think about it... Do waves move energy or water molecules? Engage Play Pass the Energy as a class. Sit in a class circle. Pretend you have become water molecules. Make a pattern. Three people in the circle stand upright. Next three people stay seated. Repeat pattern around circle. Just for Fun Listen to the roar of waves crashing on the beach. NOAA Link Check out this Jet Stream lesson on wave anatomy. gov Search Anatomy of a Wave Teacher: Pass energy (ball) to first person in a standing group. Standing students: Pass energy (ball) to the person standing or sitting to your right. Sit down after you pass the energy. Sitting students: Pass energy (ball) to the person standing or sitting to your right. Stand after you pass the energy. Repeat. Continue to pass the energy down to the next water molecule. Discuss how you did not move, but the energy did. Did you see how you made troughs and crests as the energy passed? Hawaii Coral Reef Initiative * U2.L1.A2 * 13

14 Unit 2: Water! WAVE ENERGY Riding Waves Think about it... How does water move in open ocean waves? Explore Play with Slinkys in small groups. Tie piece of bright string to one point in the middle of the Slinky. Choose two students to hold ends of the Slinky. Student one: Hold your end still. Student two: Move Slinky upwards and downwards. You will see a wave traveling through it. Rest of group: Observe the movement of the piece of string. Switch roles. 14 Hawaii Coral Reef Initiative * U2.L1.A2 *

15 Explain Ocean waves begin when winds pass their motion energy to the water s surface. Tutu says to remember energy never disappears, just changes form. Do waves move energy or water molecules? Energy! While it may look like water in the ocean moves forward, only a small amount of water actually does. In the open ocean, friction moves the waves, which generates energy within the water. Aunty says this energy passes between water molecules, just like you passed the ball. You did not move, the energy did! Reef Pulse - U2 L1 A2 Keiki Storytime Mrs. Armitage and the Big Wave by Quentin Blake (Easy Picture Book -BL) How does water move in the open ocean waves? Upwards and downwards! Think of waves you made in your Slinky. Did the Slinky actually move anywhere? No! You passed energy to the Slinky by moving your hand. The energy passed through to the other side. But each spot on the Slinky, like your string, only moved upwards and downwards. Interesting Fact Surfers riding the face of a wave can actually travel faster than the motion of the wave thanks to gravity! Did You Know? Storms in the Pacific Ocean make bigger waves than those elsewhere. More ocean across which a storm travels means more wave energy to gather. Invention Center American Naval engineer Richard James and his wife Betty invented the Slinky in Hawaii Coral Reef Initiative * U2.L1.A2 * 15

16 Unit 2: Water! WAVE ENERGY Riding Waves Think about it... Do water molecules move across the ocean in waves? Elaborate Do the Bobbing Cork experiment in small groups. Ask a question, Do water molecules move across the ocean in waves? Do background research. Construct a hypothesis. If (I do this), then (this) will happen. Make a prediction. Test with an experiment. Fill bin with water three inches deep. Place the cork in center of bin. Place craft stick in the water, across bin, at one end. Move stick about ten times upwards and downwards. Move it about one-half to one inch in each direction. Keep it at the end of the tub. Do not let it splash! This should create a series of parallel waves moving down the length of the tub toward the cork. Observe cork s position in the bin while you do this. Allow the water to become still again. Reposition the cork. Repeat the experiment a few more times. Analyze data. Communicate results. How it works No! When a wave passes through the ocean, individual water molecules (cork) move upward and downward, not forward and backward. Aunty says when a wave breaks against the shore, the crest outruns the trough and the crest collapses. In this case, water does move forward and backward. 16 Hawaii Coral Reef Initiative * U2.L1.A2 *

17 Reef Pulse - U2 L1 A2 Evaluate Do waves move energy or molecules? Answer by passing energy with dominoes individually. Line up several dominoes in a row. Make sure they are close, but not touching. Scientists Say......orbital progressive wave to describe the circular motion of water molecules in an ocean wave. Predict what will happen if you tap the first domino. Tap first domino and observe. Describe how passing energy through dominos acts like waves passing energy. A wave travels from Japan to Hawaii. How much water has traveled from Japan? Hawaii Nei Hawaii, with its consistent waves, has become a center for wave energy research. Read more about it at the State s website. Search Wave Energy Assess SC.K.1.3 Collect data about living and non-living things. SC Collect, record, and organize data using simple tools, equipment, and techniques safely. SC Describe a variety of changes that occur in nature. Just for Fun Float a toy in the bathtub. Dip your hand in-and-out of the water near it. The toy bobs upwards and downwards, just like a wave! SC Develop predictions based on observations. SC Conduct a simple investigation using a systematic process safely to test a prediction. Hawaii Coral Reef Initiative * U2.L1.A2 * 17

18 Unit 2: Water! WAVE ENERGY Groovin Waves (Sound) What happens when vibrations pass from molecule to molecule? Sound! Sound travels in invisible waves from molecule to molecule. Materials Empty milk carton (1/2 pint) (1 per student) Scissors Rubber bands (1 thick,1 thin per student) Crayon (1 per student) Paper cups (4 per group) String (2 per group) Pencil Hawaii Standards SC.K.1.1 SC SC Ready? Explore Collect empty half-pint milk cartons (one per student). Wash out cartons. Cut a window out of side of cartons. Set? Unit 1-Lesson 1-Activity 3: Atomic Partners (Parts of an Atom) Unit 2-Lesson 1-Activity 1: Making Waves (Wave Shape) Unit 2-Lesson 1-Activity 2: Riding Waves (Energy Transfer) Unit 2-Lesson 1-Activity 4: Underwater Biophony (Marine Animal Sounds) Unit 4-Lesson 1-Activity 5: Wind Winds Waves (Waves) Unit 4-Lesson 4-Activity 6: Ma-a-a-arvelous-Ars (Modern Tools) Go! Develop Know-Wonder-Learn chart with students. 18 Hawaii Coral Reef Initiative * U2.L1.A3 *

19 Reef Pulse - U2 L1 A3 Think about it What is sound? Engage Use your vocal chords to observe how sound travels. Place your hand on your throat. Keiki Storytime Sounds All Around by Wendy Pfeffer (J 534 Pf) Say, Sound travels in waves. Describe what you feel when you speak. What s in a Word? Sound comes from the Latin word sonus (sound). Interesting Fact Sound waves travel faster in warm air (794 miles per hour at 100 o Fahrenheit) and slower in colder air (750 miles per hour at 44 o Fahrenheit). Hawaii Coral Reef Initiative * U2.L1.A3 * 19

20 Unit 2: Water! WAVE ENERGY Groovin Waves Think about it... How do sound waves travel to your ear? Explore Make a rubber band guitar individually! Stretch a thick rubber band over your carton. Position over open window. Stretch a thin rubber band over the carton. Position over open window. Pluck the rubber bands. Listen to the sounds. Compare. Put a crayon under one rubber band. Pluck the rubber band. Listen to the sound. Compare. **Activity Extension** Use your rubber band guitar to play a steady beat. Play whole notes, half notes, and quarter notes. 20 Hawaii Coral Reef Initiative * U2.L1.A3 *

21 Explain Reef Pulse - U2 L1 A3 Sound travels in invisible waves! Sound waves have tiny crests and troughs, too! What is sound? Waves! Sound waves are invisible. We cannot see them. But we can hear them. You can feel them, too! Could you feel your throat vibrating? We make sound when our vocal chords vibrate. We hear sound when vibrations reach our ears and travel to our brain. How do sound waves travel to your ear? Passing energy! Something vibrates. It passes that energy to air molecules next to it. Then, the molecules vibrate! Aunty says the energy passes from air molecule to air molecule until it reaches your ear. Keiki Storytime The Magic School Bus in the Haunted Museum by Linda Ward Beech (J 534 B) Did You Know? There is no sound in outer space as there are no molecules across which sound could vibrate. Think About It If a tree falls in the forest and nothing hears it, did it make a sound? This question was first asked by Bishop George Berkeley ( ). Just for Fun Search for Vienna Austria street musician playing water glasses on YouTube to watch a great video! Hawaii Coral Reef Initiative * U2.L1.A3 * 21

22 Unit 2: Water! WAVE ENERGY Groovin Waves Think about it... Does sound travel better through a solid or gas? Elaborate Make telephones on a string in groups of four. Use pen to poke a small hole in bottom of four cups. Thread end of one string through cup. Tie a knot to secure it. Thread other end of string through another cup. Tie a knot to secure it. Repeat with remaining two cups and string. Crisscross two telephone strings. Pick up a cup. Each group member spread out while holding their cup until strings become taut. Whisper to your group members without the telephone. Whisper to each other with the telephone. Keep string stretched taunt or you will not be able to hear. How it works Solid! Uncle says to remember as energy vibrates from molecule to molecule it creates sound. Sound vibrations travel faster through molecules packed close together, such as in a solid. In a gas (like air) molecules spread apart from each other. Therefore, your string telephone passes sound better than the air around you! 22 Hawaii Coral Reef Initiative * U2.L1.A3 *

23 Reef Pulse - U2 L1 A3 Evaluate What happens when vibrations pass from molecule to molecule? Describe how sound travels through solid objects individually. Set pencil on your desk. Observe how loud it appeared. Put your ear on your desk. Scientists Say......frequency to describe how fast or slow something vibrates. They measure frequency by counting the number of vibrations per second. Set pencil on your again desk. Compare how loud it seemed. Do sounds jump directly from your lips to your friend s ear when you speak? Assess SC.K.1.1 Use the senses to make observations. SC Identify solids, liquids, and gases and their basic properties. SC Develop predictions based on observations. Did You Know? Sound waves travel fifteen football fields in one second through water. It only travels through three football fields per second in the air. But, it travels forty five football fields per second through iron, such as train tracks! NOAA Link NOAA s Pacific Marine Environmental Lab monitors the global ocean through underwater acoustics. Search PEML Sounds Hawaii Coral Reef Initiative * U2.L1.A3 * 23

24 Unit 2: Water! WAVE ENERGY What can you hear under the ocean? Underwater Biophony (Marine Animal Sounds) Marine Animal Sounds Many ocean animals make noises. Materials Paper Tape Comb Retractable pen Balloon Pack of sticky notes Deck of cards Plastic bottle (1 per group) Cubbie bin (1 per group) Water Wooden blocks (2 per group) Coloring materials Hawaii Standards SC.K.1.1 SC.K.1.2 SC SC Ready? Engage Visit Search whale sounds, lobster sounds, and shrimp sounds. Explore Blow up some balloons. Elaborate Fill cubbie bin with water, but not to top. Cut off base of plastic bottles (one per group). Set? Unit 1-Lesson 1-Activity 3: Atomic Partners (Parts of an Atom) Unit 1-Lesson 2-Activity 3: Wet! Wet! Wet! (Liquid) Unit 2-Lesson 1-Activity 1: Making Waves (Wave Shape) Unit 2-Lesson 1-Activity 2: Riding Waves (Energy Transfer) Unit 2-Lesson 1-Activity 3: Groovin Waves (Sound) Unit 4-Lesson 4-Activity 6: Ma-a-a-arvelous-Ars (Modern Tools) Go! Develop Know-Wonder-Learn chart with students 24 Hawaii Coral Reef Initiative * U2.L1.A4 *

25 Reef Pulse - U2 L1 A4 Think about it... What sounds do ocean animals make? Engage Make a marine band in groups of three. Listen to underwater sounds made by whales, lobsters and shrimp. >> Search: whale sounds, lobster sounds, or shrimp sounds. Select an animal. Each group contains one whale, one lobster, and one shrimp. Mimic your animal s sound to create an underwater biophony. Whale: Roll a paper into a tube and tape closed. Make ooooh sounds into the tube. Lobster: Rub your fingernail against the teeth of a comb. Shrimp: Make clicking sounds with a retractable pen. Keiki Storytime The Whales Song by Dyan Sheldon (E S) Interesting Fact Male humpback whales in an area sing the same song, often lasting twenty minutes. What s in a Word? Bio (life) and phone (sound) combine to form biophony. It refers to the many sounds animals make in a habitat. NOAA Link Hear whale sounds underwater with Ocean Explorer. noaa.gov >> Gallery >> Sound in the Sea. Hawaii Coral Reef Initiative * U2.L1.A4 * 25

26 Unit 2: Water! WAVE ENERGY Underwater Biophony Think about it... Do fish make sounds? Explore Make fish noises in groups of three. Select an animal. Each group contains one fish that makes noise with its bladder, one with its teeth or spines, and one with its tail or fin. Mimic your fish s sound to create an underwater biophony. Bladder (balloon): Use your hands to gently thump a beat on the balloon. Teeth or spines (pad of sticky notes): Use your nails to rub edge of sticky notes. Tail or fin (card): Tap card on edge of table. Play fish noises to a beat. 26 Hawaii Coral Reef Initiative * U2.L1.A4 *

27 Reef Pulse - U2 L1 A4 Explain Scientists use specialized tools to listen to all kinds of noises in the ocean! Shrimp popping, whales singing, and fish purring. Tutu says marine animals communicate for all sorts of reasons, such as warning or finding others of their same kind. What sounds do ocean animals make? All kinds! Whales and dolphins click, whistle, chirp, and sing. Spiny lobsters make a loud, raspy buzz by wiggling their antennae across a lump on the side of their heads. Shrimp make air bubbles that POP loudly. Do fish make sounds? Yes! Some fish use muscles on or near their swim bladder. Others strike or rub their teeth or fin spines. Still other fish slap the water with their tail or fin. Scientists Say......vocalization for sounds animals make for a specific purpose. Did You Know? Fish feeding on coral make crackling sounds Hawaii Nei Dr. Tim Tricas (University of Hawaii at Hilo) specializes in recording fish sounds. fishlab Hawaii Coral Reef Initiative * U2.L1.A4 * 27

28 Unit 2: Water! WAVE ENERGY Underwater Biophony Think about it... Does sound travel better through liquid or gas? Elaborate Do Underwater Sounds in pairs. Place plastic bottle with bottom cut off into water. Put your ear on top of bottle. Sit upright in your seat. Partner: Tap two blocks together gently underwater. Do not touch bottle or edge of water container. Partner: Tap two blocks together gently out of water. Do not tap blocks too close to any ears. Switch. How it works Liquids! In the previous activity (U2.L1.A3) you learned sound travels best through solids. Uncle says the closer together molecules are, the better sound travels. Therefore, sounds travel better through water than air, but not as good as through solids! 28 Hawaii Coral Reef Initiative * U2.L1.A4 *

29 Reef Pulse - U2 L1 A4 Evaluate What can you hear under the ocean? Choose a marine animal. Make up an underwater noise for your animal. Think about it If sound travels in waves, what causes echoes? Answer: Sound waves bouncing off objects and sending them back to you. What body part did you use? Why can we not hear underwater sounds above water? HINT: How would the water s surface bounce sound waves? Did You Know? Some animals, such as bats and whales, use echolocation. They send out calls and listen to the echoes. From this information, they can locate objects and figure out what they are. Assess SC.K.1.1 Use the senses to make observations. SC.K.1.2 Ask questions about living and non-living things. Invention Center Scientists use hydrophones to amplify sounds underwater in order to hear better. SC Describe how living things have structures that help them to survive. SC Conduct a simple investigation using a systematic process safely to test a prediction. On a related note You can hear sound better through liquid, but it is difficult to determine its direction when underwater. Hawaii Coral Reef Initiative * U2.L1.A4 * 29