WAVE NOTES WAVE NOTES THROUGH A MEDIUM EMPTY SPACE
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1 WAVE NOTES 8.P.3A.1 Construct explanations of the relationship between matter and energy based on the characteristics of mechanical and light waves. It is essential for YOU to know that wave is a repeating disturbance or vibration that transfers or moves energy from place to place. WAVE NOTES A wave is a repeating disturbance of vibration that transfers or moves energy from place to place. Waves are created when a source of energy (force) causes a vibration. A vibration is a repeated back and forth or up and down motion. Waves carry energy through empty space or through a medium without transporting matter THROUGH A MEDIUM A medium is a material through which waves can travel. It can be a solid, liquid, or gas. When waves travel through a medium, the particles of the medium are not carried along with the wave. EMPTY SPACE While all waves can transmit energy through a medium, certain waves can also transmit energy through empty space. (a vacuum) When there is no medium, certain waves (electromagnetic) can travel through empty space.
2 Mechanical waves Mechanical waves require the particles of the medium to vibrate in order for energy to be transferred. Examples: Water waves Earthquake/seismic waves sound waves Waves that travel down a rope or spring are also mechanical waves. Sound waves, as with all mechanical waves, CANNOT be transferred or transmitted through empty space (vacuum). Star Wars was wrong! Electromagnetic waves Electromagnetic waves are waves that can travel through a medium or empty space where matter is not present. Examples: Radio waves Microwaves Infrared Rays(IR) Visible Light Ultraviolet Rays (UV) X Rays ANOTHER WAY TO CLASSIFY WAVES IS BY HOW THEY MOVE Compressional/Longitudinal Waves are Mechanical Waves. Can only be MECHANICAL WAVES Compressional/Longitudinal Waves: When matter in the medium vibrates by pushing together and moving apart parallel to the direction in which the wave travels. The place on the wave that is pushed together is called the compression the place that is moving apart is the rarefaction. sound waves some seismic waves.
3 Transverse Waves can be Mechanical waves in which the particles of matter in the medium vibrate by moving back and forth and perpendicular (at right angles) to the direction the wave travels. The highest point of a transverse wave is the CREST and the lowest point is called a TROUGH. Examples of mechanical transverse waves Waves on a rope Strings in a musical instrument Some seismic waves Electromagnetic waves are transverse waves that can travel without a medium through empty space. 1) Define a wave: is a repeating disturbance or vibration that transfers or moves place to place without transporting mass. energy from 8.P.3A.2 Develop and use models to exemplify the basic properties of waves (including frequency, amplitude, wavelength, and speed.) 2) What are the two main types of waves? Mechanical and Electromagnetic It is essential for YOU to know the behaviors of waves 3) Which type MUST always travel through a medium? Mechanical
4 FREQUENCY AMPLITUDE WAVELENGTH SPEED BEHAVIOR OF WAVES FREQUENCY Frequency is a measure of how many waves pass a point in a certain amount of time. > High Frequency >the closer the waves are together >More Energy > Low Frequency >the further apart the waves are >Less Energy AMPLITUDE Amplitude is a measure of the distance between a line through the middle of a wave and a crest or trough. AMPLITUDE The greater the force that produces a wave, the greater the amplitude of the wave and the greater the energy carried by the wave. > In a transverse wave the higher the wave, the higher the amplitude. > Sounds with greater amplitude will be louder; light with greater amplitude will be brighter. This is similar to MAGNITUDE when talking about FORCE
5 WAVELENGTH Wavelength is a measure of the distance from the crest on one wave to the crest on the very next wave. Shorter wavelengths are influenced by the frequency. A higher frequency causes a shorter wavelength and greater energy. SPEED Speed is a measure of the distance a wave travels in an amount of time. The speed of a wave is determined by the type of wave and the nature of the medium. As a wave enters a different medium, the wave s speed changes. Waves travel at different speeds in different media. All frequencies of electromagnetic waves travel at the same speed in empty space.
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