Design Guidelines for PATH and Other Climate-Controlled Pedestrian Networks

Transcription

1 Design Guidelines for PATH and Other Climate-Controlled Pedestrian Networks February 2012

2 Bay Adelaide Centre, Toronto

3 Design Guidelines for PATH and Other Climate-Controlled Pedestrian Networks Table of Contents Introduction 5 Pedestrian Walkways 9 Public Places 15 Accessibility 19 Entry 23 Orientation & Way Finding 27 Amenity 31 Finishes, Features & Lighting 33 Safety & Security 37 References 39 Appendix

4 Brookfield Place, Toronto 4 Design Guidelines for PATH and Other Climate-Controlled Pedestrian Networks

5 Interior shopping malls, underground concourses, plaza walkway and private mid-block connections will be designed to complement and extend but not replace the role of the street as the main place for pedestrian activity. These should be accessible, comfortable, safe and integrated into the local pattern of pedestrian movement with direct, universal physical and visual access from the public sidewalk and clear path finding within. City of Toronto - Official Plan Public Realm Policy Introduction Concentrating retail use and pedestrian activity at the street level animates streets and sidewalks and ensures pedestrians safety, equity and vitality supporting City streets as the primary open space system. As the City of Toronto grows, alternative networks of walkways and open space for pedestrians have been developed to complement the street system. Alternative grade pedestrian walkways have emerged Downtown, and in the Centres, assisting to relieve street and sidewalk congestion by providing additional pedestrian routes to destinations including access to underground transit. On June 18, 1969, the Council of the Corporation of the City of Toronto recommended development of a climate-controlled pedestrian network that would provide a continuous network of walkways through downtown blocks, and would incorporate the primary transportation modes of subway and rail stations. The network would be alternative and supplementary to the at grade sidewalk system and would incorporate a variety of open spaces, activities and amenities. In the downtown, this network of walkways is the largest and most comprehensive and has been named the PATH. The PATH extends from south of Union Station to north of Dundas Street, and from west of University Avenue to Yonge Street. The network passes through a wide range of privately and publicly owned buildings and properties. Smaller, but similar climate-controlled pedestrian networks exist across the City adjacent to subway stops on the Yonge Street subway line at Bloor, Eglinton, Sheppard, North York Centre and Finch subway stations, as well as at the Scarborough Centre and in the Discovery District. Where these walkways pass through the public rights-of-way and TTC subway stations, they are typically owned and controlled by the City of Toronto or the TTC. All others are privately owned. Owners retain responsibility for maintenance, servicing and security. Public access is secured through a development agreements which, in most cases, coincide with the hours of operation of the subway system. Design Guidelines for PATH and Other Climate-Controlled Pedestrian Networks 1

6 Union Station, Toronto 2 Design Guidelines for PATH and Other Climate-Controlled Pedestrian Networks

7 Purpose of the Guidelines Climate controlled walkways are an extension of the public realm, providing transportation, circulation and public amenities to residents and employees in the downtown, Yonge Eglinton Centre, North York Centre and other transit hubs. They are to be designed to complement and connect with the public sidewalk system, to achieve the highest design standards using good quality and durable materials, and will implement best practices in sustainable design, including the Toronto Green Standard. Though most are privately owned, when properly designed they can serve as a public asset, connecting people and supporting place-making to ensure continued economic and social vitality, and reinforce Toronto s high quality of life. These design guidelines are an update to the Underground Pedestrian System Design Guidelines approved for use by City of Toronto City Council in The guidelines have been updated and made city wide to Illustrate how the policies of the Official Plan can be achieved to improve the quality, function, safety and appearance of PATH and other climate-controlled pedestrian networks as one part of the Public Realm in Toronto. The guidelines are to be applied to proposed extensions and new construction, as well as to renovations and/or improvements to existing walkways. How This Guideline Document Is Organized Eight categories for design guidelines are identified in this report. Each category begins with a short goal statement and a further explanation of the relevant issues and opportunities, followed by general and specific design guidelines and illustrative imagery. A list of reference material is included at the back of the report. For the purposes of these design guidelines, the term pedestrian walkways refers to PATH and other climatecontrolled pedestrian networks Pedestrian Walkways Public Places Accessibility Entry Orientation & Way Finding Amenity Finishes, Features & Lighting Safety & Security Design Guidelines for PATH and Other Climate-Controlled Pedestrian Networks 3

8 Market Hall, First Canadian Place, Toronto 4 Design Guidelines for PATH and Other Climate-Controlled Pedestrian Networks

9 1 Pedestrian Walkways Goal To provide safe, pleasant, convenient and comfortable pedestrian walkway networks. Explanation: Well designed, accessible and convenient walkways attract people. These guidelines support the creation of an attractive interior network of walkways that support a range of uses, and provide convenient and safe access to pedestrian destinations. Interior pedestrian walkways should be designed as a comprehensive network for pedestrians, with a coherent pattern that complements the public sidewalks at street level and connects users with a comprehensive network of destinations. Pedestrian connections to key transit hubs such as Union Station and subway stations should be reinforced, strengthening connections to grade and supporting public areas to improve their utility and appearance. Animation of interior walkways is best provided by a variety of attractive shops, restaurants, galleries and service facilities. Daylight, public art, advertising, best practice lighting, landscaping and street furniture will improve the use and appearance of walkways. Walkways should link key elements and focal points; be of a generous volumetric proportion; have shorter lengths and large intersections; and have clear sightlines and frequent choices in direction within the network and adjacent to public sidewalks. These criteria reduce the perception of confinement of busy corridors during peak hours. Walkways should be appropriately sized wherever a greater number of amenities is provided, or where high volumes of pedestrians are forecasted, particularly in areas connected to large performance venues, or Union Station. Locating a variety of spacious public places at main pedestrian junctions can also provide relief. Walkways through parking facilities are generally not desired and should be reviewed at a detailed level if deemed necessary. The reduction of pedestrian barriers should be a consideration throughout the design process of new walkways. For instance, easily operable doors or magnetically controlled doors tied into the building s life safety system would minimize barriers to travel. Design Guidelines for PATH and Other Climate-Controlled Pedestrian Networks 5

10 Royal Bank Plaza, Concourse Level, Toronto Place Bonaventure, Montreal, QC. Credit: Michel Boisvert. Montreal et Toronto: Villes interieures Bay-Adelaide Centre, PATH level, Toronto General Guidelines: 1.1 Provide a continuous and rational system that includes clear and straight routes, minimal deadend corridors, or bends and jogs in the walkway. Use the walkways to connect key destinations, facilities and focal points. (refer to Category 5, Orientation & Way Finding) 1.2 Provide direct and convenient access to the street, public transit, public places, washrooms, mechanical movement systems, stairs and underground parking facilities. 1.3 Reinforce the importance and legibility of primary pedestrian walkway corridors through enhanced signage, clear sightlines and other wayfinding improvements. (Refer to Category 5, Orientation & Way Finding). 1.4 Provide views to key elements and facilities, exits, daylight, the street above/below, the public transit system and mechanical movement systems. Offer choices at frequent intervals, either to continue in the system or exit to the street. (Refer to Category 8, Safety and Security) 1.5 Doors should operate at a maximum of two kilograms pressure for ease of handling. Where possible, use magnetically controlled doors tied into the building s life safety system. 1.6 Walkways should be designed to have good good proportion, and should accommodate anticipated pedestrian volumes. 6 Design Guidelines for PATH and Other Climate-Controlled Pedestrian Networks

11 Richmond-Adelaide Centre, PATH level, Toronto Seabus Ferry Terminal, Vancouver, BC Lipstick Forest, Palais des congrès de Montréal, QC. Credit: Michel Boisvert. Montreal et Toronto: Villes interieures Museum Subway Station, Toronto Brookfield Place, Luminato Exhibit, Toronto Royal Bank Plaza, PATH level, Toronto Animation: Eaton Centre. Credit: Tourism Toronto All pedestrian walkways should be animated by one or more of the following: 1.7 Line the corridors with continuous commercial/ retail businesses, including: public services such as shops, restaurants, food services, medical clinics, art galleries, libraries and post offices. 1.8 Where it is not possible or economically viable to provide a continuous line of retail businesses, ensure continuous animated walkways by providing smaller clusters of retail at key public areas and permanent or temporary exhibitions of public art, advertising media or network mapping at all other areas. 1.9 Provide daylight and visual connections to the street level through skylights; windows; and/or fully glazed walls. Design Guidelines for PATH and Other Climate-Controlled Pedestrian Networks 7

12 Pedestrian walkway, Chicago Pedestrian walkway, Consilium Place, Toronto Xerox Tower, North York, Toronto Skywalk PATH connection to Union Station Walkways below Grade: 1.10 The clear height of the walkway should ideally be at least 4 meters and the clear width should be at least 6 meters. When passing under a road or other short sections encountering constrained conditions, the height can be reduced to a minimum of 3 meters if the floor plane continues at the same level as adjacent floors Orient and size underground walkways according to the level of activity, particularly in locations where the pedestrian walkway connects directly to a high occupancy facility (such as a concert hall, arena, stadium, or transit station). Walkways at and Above Grade: 1.12 The clear height of the walkway should be at least 4 meters and the clear width should be at least 6 meters. Where the pedestrian walkway connects directly to a high occupancy facility (such as a concert hall, arena, stadium, or transit station), these dimensions should be increased to accommodate the anticipated volume of pedestrian traffic Walkways at grade should maximize transparency, and be located at the building edge and, where possible, along public streets Walkways should connect to the major public area(s) of the building: lobby, atrium, retail areas. (see Public Spaces section). 8 Design Guidelines for PATH and Other Climate-Controlled Pedestrian Networks

13 Cordova Street Pedestrian Bridge, Vancouver Pedway Bridge Connection, Halifax, NS Bridge Connection between Maple Leaf Square and the Air Canada Centre Bridges Between Buildings: In general, bridges between buildings are discouraged as a connecting device. Bridges should only be considered where there is no impact on the street vista, acceptable impacts on skyview and shadows to the adjacent streets, and where alternate means of making a pedestrian connection below or at grade is not possible The clear height of the bridge walkway should be at least 3 meters and the clear width should be a minimum of 3 meters and a maximum of 6 meters. Where the pedestrian walkway connects directly to a high occupancy facility (concert hall, arena, stadium, or transit station), these dimensions should be increased to accommodate the anticipated volume of pedestrian traffic The bridge should be lit underneath and be designed to be primarily transparent, allowing views and visual surveillance to and from the street Animate the walkway through the installation of public art or media Encourage small retail and/or public amenity areas at the second floor landings of pedestrian bridge connections between buildings The length of bridges between buildings should be minimized, and located to connect to the public areas of buildings Bridges should implement the Proposed Policy Regarding Pedestrian Overhead Bridges, as adopted by City Council on May 29, Design Guidelines for PATH and Other Climate-Controlled Pedestrian Networks 9

14 Eaton Centre, PATH level, Toronto 10 Design Guidelines for PATH and Other Climate-Controlled Pedestrian Networks

15 2 Public Places Goal To create and connect to a variety of public places, both within and surrounding pedestrian walkway networks. Explanation: Diversifying the range of public places will further enliven pedestrian walkway networks, providing welcome places for people to gather. Significant public places, such as gallerias, winter gardens and atria should be located at major pedestrian junctions and be potentially accessible to outdoor public places and circulation systems, complementing and supporting the design of the public open space at grade. People should be able to congregate, meet friends and colleagues, participate in programmed events, concerts and exhibitions, or seek refuge from busy corridors. Public places can provide distinctive architecture, high quality landscaping, water features with their aural appeal, and views to the daylight and open spaces at grade. Design Guidelines for PATH and Other Climate-Controlled Pedestrian Networks 11

16 Brookfield Place, Toronto Richmond Adelaide Centre, Toronto General Guidelines: 2.1 Provide a variety of public places such as atria, gallerias and winter gardens to serve as focal points and gathering places. Locate at major pedestrian junctions, and connect to the street. (Refer to Category 4, Entry). 2.2 Animate these places with active uses such as shops and cafe s. 2.3 Maximize the use of daylight from skylights above, where possible. Locate the public places towards the southeast, south or east to attract the most sunlight during periods of anticipated use and equinoxes. (Refer to Category 1, Pedestrian Walkways). 2.4 Make indoor public places accessible to outdoor open space and circulation, though not at the expense of the design of outdoor public open space. Provide both physical and visual connections to grade and views between adjacent places. 2.5 Maximize the number of entrances to make spaces inviting to the public. Where appropriate, connect interior public spaces with nearby entrances to the pedestrian walkway network. 2.6 Provide seating in the forms of ledges, benches and moveable chairs, in addition to the seating reserved for adjacent commercial facilities. (refer to Category 6, Amenity) 2.7 Provide high quality landscaping, water features and staging. 12 Design Guidelines for PATH and Other Climate-Controlled Pedestrian Networks

17 Exchange Tower, PATH level, Toronto Atrium Le 1000, Montreal, QC. Credit: Michel Boisvert. Montreal et Toronto: Villes interieures 2.8 Cluster vertical circulation to avoid filling up the public areas with stairways and escalators. (refer to Category 3, Accessibility). 2.9 Ensure that pedestrian bridges between buildings connect directly to the main public areas of buildings, and where appropriate, animate with retail and public amenities such as washrooms, seating. (see Category 1, Pedestrian Walkways) Provide washrooms and water fountains within or adjacent to the public space. Provide clear signage to indicate the location of these amenities. (refer to Category 6, Amenity) Provide high quality architecture and design. Design Guidelines for PATH and Other Climate-Controlled Pedestrian Networks 13

18 Millennium Park Bicycle Parking, Chicago, IL Ed Roberts Campus, Berkeley, CA 14 Design Guidelines for PATH and Other Climate-Controlled Pedestrian Networks

19 3 Accessibility Goal To provide a comprehensive network of accessible routes for all citizens within climate-controlled pedestrian networks, with connections to the wider pedestrian network. Explanation: Climate-controlled pedestrian walkways have become an integral part of the downtown pedestrian network and at other centres and transit stations. Expansion and renovation of these networks can assist pedestrians to reach a range of destinations, and should be universally accessible, taking into consideration the needs of seniors and people with mobility, vision or hearing impairments. Universal accessibility has the added benefit of aiding movements by courier and other services on foot. A primary goal is to achieve improved connections that allow all users to comfortably access and negotiate the walkways and facilities linked to the system without the need for assistance. Wall and floor surfaces, for example, may be used to assist users through the incorporation of visual and tactile queues. Using ramps for minor level changes and elevators for larger ones allows independent use of the system. Elevators should operate without keys or the need to summon an operator. An adjacent bell and closed circuit camera can allow security forces to regulate access to the elevator during the hours of the underground. General Guidelines: 3.1 Provide full access throughout the extent of the pedestrian system to all users during TTC subway operating hours. This includes access to transit, public places, washrooms, mechanical movement systems and underground parking. 3.2 Buildings connected to pedestrian walkways should provide access to at least one entrance whenever the pedestrian walkway network is open. (Refer to Category 4, Entry). 3.3 Provide improved access to the pedestrian system for all persons and for emergency equipment, without the need for assistance. This includes access for those who are mobility impaired, blind or low vision, deaf or hard of hearing, as well as those who are frail or cognitively disabled. 3.4 Provide direct access from the public sidewalk to the transit system, which may involve a connection via other property and subject to further negotiations. (refer to Category 4, Entry) 3.5 Locate access points to minimize disruption to pedestrian circulation on sidewalks. Design Guidelines for PATH and Other Climate-Controlled Pedestrian Networks 15

20 Scotia Plaza, Toronto Union Station - Brookfield Place PATH connection, Toronto Bay Adelaide Centre, Toronto 16 Design Guidelines for PATH and Other Climate-Controlled Pedestrian Networks

21 3.6 Provide parking spaces for the disabled where the underground parking facilities access a pedestrian walkway network. Wall Surfaces: 3.7 Wherever surfaces are entirely constructed with mirror or glass, provide a horizontal warning strip, such as an adhesive film or graphic to assist users with visual impairments. The strip should be a minimum of 150 mm wide and placed 1,350 mm above the floor. Floor Surfaces: 3.8 Provide tactile paving on the floor surface to assist users with visual impairments. 3.9 Surface materials of circulation routes shall not impede pedestrian movement, particularly for those in wheelchairs or distort the perception of people with vision impairment All floor finishes shall be slip resistant, continuous, and stable. Carpets laid on the floor, stairs or ramp surfaces shall be securely attached. They shall have a tight weave, low pile and firm underlay. Vertical Circulation: 3.11 Ramps are preferable to lifts in providing an easier means of travel for people who are unable to use stairs. The width and length of a ramp shall be manageable, and the maximum slope shall comply with the Ontario Building Code and the Accessibility for Ontarians with Disabilities Act. Signage, tactile cues and proper landings should also be considered to improve the ramp design. If a ramp needs to be longer than 18 metres, a mechanical means of travel should be considered Automated lifts should be available for use by people with strollers, or mobility impairments whenever the pedestrian walkway network is open. Lifts should be user-operated, without requiring the assistance of building personnel Wherever pedestrian walkways change floor levels, accessible vertical circulation (ramps, elevators and/or lifts) should be provided Stairs and other vertical circulation should be clearly visible, signed and should provide access to the street. (refer to Category 4, Entry) 3.15 Isolated steps shall be avoided, since they are often difficult for people with vision impairment to detect and act as a barrier to people in wheelchairs. Lighting: 3.16 Provide adequate lighting at transition areas between the exterior and interior environments to assist people with vision impairment, who may be slower to adjust to the difference in levels of light. Other References: Refer to the TTC s Transit Services for the Disabled and Elderly Persons: Choices for the Future (August 1989), adopted by Metro Council: 28/03/90 Accessibility for Ontarians with Disabilities Act Ontario Building Code City of Toronto Accessibility Design Guidelines Design Guidelines for PATH and Other Climate-Controlled Pedestrian Networks 17

22 South entrance, Toronto Eaton Centre. Photo Credit: 18 Design Guidelines for PATH and Other Climate-Controlled Pedestrian Networks

23 4 Entry Goal To provide publicly accessible and identifiable entrances to pedestrian walkways that are located off the street, are integrated into the design of the buildings and lead to animated public area such as an atrium, shopping concourse, or galleria. Explanation: Entrances that are welcoming, clearly signed and with a strong street presence will attract a range of users and clarify how and where to enter the network. In particular, entrances to pedestrian walkway-connected subway stations are among the busiest in the network, and should be improved to ensure convenient, attractive and sheltered access for all pedestrian walkway users. Within subway stations, corridors shall be widened where appropriate, and the quality of floor and wall finishes and lighting should be improved. Additional seating should also be installed. All pedestrian walkway networks should be accessible during the TTC subway hours of operation and entrances that are accessible at off peak hours in the evening should be signed and highlighted with additional lighting. Design Guidelines for PATH and Other Climate-Controlled Pedestrian Networks 19

24 Dundas Subway Station Entrance from the Eaton Centre, Toronto Apple Store, Paris, France PATH entrance at Union Station General Guidelines: 4.1 Locate entrances to pedestrian walkway networks directly from public streets or through well-designed open spaces, such as forecourts, plazas, arcades, or building facades where they are publicly visible, inviting and weather-protected. 4.2 Ensure that entrances provide easy access for the aged, persons with disabilities and those with strollers. Identify the entrances accordingly and include the hours of operation. (refer to Category 3, Accessibility, and Category 8, Safety and Security). 4.3 Where possible, locate entrances adjacent to retail facilities, or other public places within the pedestrian walkway network. 4.4 Provide as direct a route as possible from the street level entrances to transit facilities below. Clearly mark those entrances that are open during off-peak hours. (refer to Category 8, Safety and Security) 4.5 Consider the provision of multi-level retail spaces to provide additional connectivity between grade and above- or below-grade pedestrian walkways. 4.5 Enhance the exterior entrances with seating, decorative paving and trees. 4.6 Ensure that every entrance includes clear, prominently located and consistent signage. 4.7 Buildings connected to pedestrian walkways should provide access to at least one entrance whenever the pedestrian walkway network is open. (Refer to Category 3, Accessibility). 20 Design Guidelines for PATH and Other Climate-Controlled Pedestrian Networks

25 Subway Station entrance, Bilbao, Spain, by Foster Architects Canary Wharf Tube Station Entrance, London, UK Subway station entrance, Berlin TTC Subway Station Entrances: 4.8 Ensure the architectural design of stairwell entrances to pedestrian walkway-connected subway stations provides shelter from wind, rain and snow. The design should include prominent pedestrian network and TTC signage and be composed of transparent materials to maintain views through the enclosure, and lighten its appearance on the street. NYC subway station entrance, by Dettner Architects 4.9 All new connections to pedestrian walkway networks are subject to review by various City Divisions and agencies. NYC subway station entrance, by Dettner Architects Design Guidelines for PATH and Other Climate-Controlled Pedestrian Networks 21

26 Toronto Eaton Centre 22 Design Guidelines for PATH and Other Climate-Controlled Pedestrian Networks

27 5 Orientation and Way Finding Goal To improve orientation and wayfinding throughout pedestrian walkway networks. Explanation As pedestrian walkway networks continue to expand, effective orientation and wayfinding are now more critical than ever to ensure people reach their destination in a timely and comfortable manner. Pedestrian walkway networks should have a clear, visual identity so that the function, location and purpose of the various places and routes within the network are legible. Walkways with long sightlines should link major spaces with strong connections to grade, and should not result in isolated segments. The walkways should be well linked and recognizable as part of a coherent and continuous network with a distinct public presence. Only after the primary need for comfort and orientation is satisfied, can the pedestrian appreciate the variety of amenity available. In the case of the existing PATH signage system, future updates should incorporate universally accessible design standards for graphics and wayfinding; improved graphic identification of major destinations and landmarks on all wayfinding signs, such as Union Station and the Eaton Centre, to assist with orienting PATH users; regularly updated maps and the potential for digital/ wireless wayfinding applications. Design Guidelines for PATH and Other Climate-Controlled Pedestrian Networks 23

28 London UK wayfinding Xerox Tower, North York, Toronto Air Canada Centre, PATH Connection General Guidelines: 5.1 Reinforce the pedestrian walkways as distinct thoroughfares that form a continuous network. Orient and size the layout according to the level of activity, and where appropriate, the rectilinear pattern of the street system at grade. (refer to Category 1, Pedestrian Walkways) 5.2 Connect major public destinations and focal points, including streets, by walkways that provide long sightlines. Avoid isolated segments and dead-end routes. (Refer to Category 1, Pedestrian Walkways) 5.3 Align walkways to provide clear sightlines from one end to the other when tying into the existing network. Minimize sharp angles and turns where walkways change direction. (refer to Category 1, Pedestrian Walkways) 5.4 Where appropriate, use transparent materials for doors, outside walls, stairway balustrades etc. to minimize obstructions and maximize sightlines. Ensure that these materials are clearly identified to avoid an additional hazard. 5.5 Maximize the use of daylight and visual connections to grade and the outdoors. 5.6 Avoid wide columns and abrupt, acutely angled level changes that further reduce sightlines. (Refer to Category 8, Safety and Security). 5.7 Reinforce the importance and legibility of primary pedestrian walkway corridors through enhanced signage, clear sightlines, and other wayfinding measures. (Refer to Category 1, Pedestrian Walkways). 24 Design Guidelines for PATH and Other Climate-Controlled Pedestrian Networks

29 le RÉSO, Montreal, QC. Credit: Michel Boisvert. Montreal et Toronto: Villes interieures London UK wayfinding Interactive wayfinding and mapping Public art installation, PATH bridge between Maple Leaf Square, Air Canada Centre 5.8 Provide views and visual cues to indicate location relative to the street network and other recognizable elements of the at-grade public realm (e.g. parks, landmarks, etc.). 5.9 Provide the current coordinated wayfinding system in renovations or additions to the pedestrian walkway network and locate signs in consistent locations (ie. at every entrance to the building, every point of corridor intersection). and, where possible, along public streets. (Refer to Category 1, Pedestrian Walkways) For pedestrian bridge connections between buildings, provide transparent glazing on both sides of corridors, where possible and appropriate At all points of entry, provide signage, the hours of operation and accessibility information. (refer to Category 3, Accessibility; Category 4, Entry; and Category 8, Safety and Security) 5.11 Use transparent glazing on exterior walls and locate pedestrian walkways at the building edge Design Guidelines for PATH and Other Climate-Controlled Pedestrian Networks 25

30 La Grande Place, Montreal, QC. Credit: Michel Boisvert. Montreal et Toronto: Villes interieures Photo courtesy of Roland Isberto Photography Royal Bank Plaza, seating area, PATH concourse level Toronto Eaton Centre, PATH level Brookfield Place, PATH concourse level 26 Design Guidelines for PATH and Other Climate-Controlled Pedestrian Networks

31 6 Amenity Goal To improve the provision and location of public amenities in pedestrian walkway networks. Explanation: Many areas within pedestrian walkway networks lack basic public amenities that are independent of restaurants and other commercial services. Seating and public washrooms in particular are important amenities that are in short supply. In addition, existing facilities are not fully accessible to all potential users. Every age group, from children to the elderly, would benefit from basic amenities such as more public seating, drinking fountains, storage lockers, telephones, maps and information kiosks. Locating amenities together and at regular intervals with minimal obstructions to pedestrian flow to create a clearly defined area and generate activity that can augment traditional security measures. General Guidelines: 6.1 Provide public seating, such as ledges, benches and moveable chairs with backs, at regular intervals and in addition to seating reserved for commercial facilities. Seating areas should be centrally located in or near highly visible and active locations. 6.2 Ensure that street furniture is located and oriented to minimize obstructions to pedestrian flow and to protect a straight path of travel for people with mobility limitations or visual impairment. 6.3 Provide drinking fountains, public telephones, information kiosks and other public amenities. 6.4 Where possible and appropriate, cluster amenities together. 6.5 Provide publicly accessible washrooms and, where possible, located near retail or food service activities. Design Guidelines for PATH and Other Climate-Controlled Pedestrian Networks 27

32 28 Design Guidelines for PATH and Other Climate-Controlled Pedestrian Networks Royal Bank Plaza, PATH connection to Union Station

33 7 Finishes, Features & Lighting Goal To provide comfort, visual interest and public identity throughout pedestrian walkway networks, reinforced by quality finishes and features and the provision of high levels of daylight and artificial light. Explanation: Incremental growth of PATH and other pedestrian walkway networks over many decades has resulted in a patchwork of interior treatments and finishes of varying quality. Although each building will reflect a unique design identity, the network should be legible, clearly reading as publicly accessible and continuous. The walkways and public places in the network provide ample opportunity to explore high quality finishes, landscaping and a variety of interesting features, including water fountains, public art display cases and areas, as well as performance spaces, among others. (Refer to Category 2, Public Places). and also supports wayfinding by providing visual connections to landmarks. Maintenance concerns, safety issues such as non-slip floors, appropriate acoustic treatment must also be considered for finishes and features in the public and private domains. Appropriate ventilation and natural light, especially in below-grade locations should also be considered and implemented through green building practices to reduce energy consumption while ensuring adequate climate control. Daylight dramatically improves the quality of the interior environment, Design Guidelines for PATH and Other Climate-Controlled Pedestrian Networks 29

34 World Trade Centre, Montreal, QC. Credit: Michel Boisvert. Montreal et Toronto: Villes interieures Royal Bank Plaza, PATH level, Toronto General Guidelines: Richmond Adelaide Centre, Toronto Commerce Court, Toronto 7.1 Reinforce the legibility of the pedestrian walkway network as a continuous pedestrian system through the use of complementary high quality finishes and features. Consider both natural and artificial light, adjacent surface materials and visually stimulating colours. 7.2 Implement green building practices and technology to minimize energy use, maximize durability and lifespan of materials, and ensure air quality of a high standard. 7.3 Use public places as an opportunity to include such distinctive features as high quality landscaping, water fountains, public art, performance spaces and other publicly-oriented uses and activities. (Refer to Category 2, Public Places, and Category 6, Amenity). 7.4 Provide appropriate acoustic treatment. Limit to an aftersound of 0.5 seconds. 7.5 Provide high quality, safe, non-slip surfaces. Use contrasting floor textures and colours to identify non-circulation areas (e.g. seating areas, displays, etc.) for people with limited visual ability. Contrasting colours should also be used for wallfloor margins. 7.6 Minimize blank walls through the use of transparency and glazing, signage, advertising, video screens and information boards, and other means of animation. 7.7 Where appropriate, provide consistency in materials and finishes for pedestrian walkway environments and the building as a whole to reinforce building identity and assist with wayfinding. 30 Design Guidelines for PATH and Other Climate-Controlled Pedestrian Networks

35 Simons Store, Montreal, QC. Credit: Michel Boisvert. Montreal et Toronto: Villes interieures Commerce Court, PATH level, Toronto Bay Adelaide Centre, PATH level, Toronto Bay Adelaide Centre, PATH level, Toronto 7.8 Maximize the use of natural light and visual connections to grade and the outdoors, especially in below-grade walkway locations and in high traffic areas. At least one major natural light source should be achieved in all new developments connected to pedestrian walkway networks. 7.9 Provide quality lighting with appropriate luminescence values. Avoid glare and/or shadowed areas, and maintain a uniformity ratio that does not exceed 4:1 (i.e. the ratio of average maintained level of illumination to the minimum level of illumination) Increase lighting levels to highlight transitions, intersections, information signs, public facilities and obstacles Ensure a minimum lighting level of at least 10 lux is provided for artificial light sources Design lighting for low maintenance and cleanliness, and ensure that fixtures are suitably encased to protect from damage Design lighting systems to minimize energy use through technology, daylighting and other means Include lighting controls that are responsive to changing levels of natural light Provide appropriate ventilation in all pedestrian walkway environments, including natural ventilation where possible to minimize energy consumption while ensuring appropriate climate control. Concentrations of vegetation, such as living walls, can also be used for natural air purification. Design Guidelines for PATH and Other Climate-Controlled Pedestrian Networks 31

36 MTCC First Canadian Place TD Centre Rogers Centre Commerce Court Air Canada Centre Emergency Services Scotia Plaza Union Station Royal Bank Plaza CN Tower Toronto Eaton Centre Sheraton Centre, PATH level, Toronto 32 Design Guidelines for PATH and Other Climate-Controlled Pedestrian Networks

37 8 Safety and Security Goal To improve personal safety and security throughout pedestrian walkway networks. Explanation: A number of design considerations impact the real and perceived level of safety and security of pedestrian walkway users, particularly for vulnerable groups such as women, children, the elderly and people with disabilities. Sharp angled corridors that block views and poorly lit areas that limit visibility are among the features that can make users feel unsafe, particularly after business hours. Pedestrian safety in pedestrian walkway networks is improved with greater legibility of the physical environment and higher levels of activity. Clear sightlines and adequate signage that clearly outlines routes and directions as well as the hours of operation allow users to make informed decisions to support a more comfortable and secure route to their destination. General Guidelines: 8.1 Avoid obstruction of sightlines by pathway angles of more than 60 degrees. Where unavoidable, install convex mirrors so that pedestrians can see beyond blind corners. (refer to Category 5, Orientation and Way Finding) 8.2 At each entrance to the network, clearly indicate hours of operation and alternative entry locations in case of closure. (Refer to Category 4, Entry, and Category 5, Orientation and Way Finding) 8.3 Signs indicating the responsibility for maintenance and security should be posted at several points in each building complex, along with an invitation to report maintenance or security problems. (refer to Category 5, Orientation and Way Finding) 8.4 Provide signage to illustrate how to summon security for personal safety or medical emergency. 8.5 Clearly indicate publicly accessible security systems, fire safety equipment and medical equipment. 8.6 In walkways that have low pedestrian volumes after working hours, install closedcircuit video cameras, clearly marked emergency call systems for summoning police or medical assistance. 8.7 Consider connecting to the larger integrated security systems for buildings on a pedestrian walkway network, including two-way radio and closed-circuit video. 8.8 Prioritize the safety and security of vulnerable groups, such as women, children, the elderly and people with disabilities, in the design and retrofit of the network, in programming services and when consultation with key user groups. 8.9 The design of new and renovated areas of pedestrian walkway networks should reflect the application of Crime Prevent Through Environmental Design principles (CPTED). Design Guidelines for PATH and Other Climate-Controlled Pedestrian Networks 33

38 Union Station, Grand Hall, Toronto

39 References Commissioners of Development Planning. Public Works and the City Solicitor: City of Toronto. On Foot Downtown. Toronto: 1969 edition Commissioner of Planning and Development. City of Toronto. Development Review Guidelines for a Barrier- Free Environment. Toronto: May City of Toronto. City of Toronto Accessibility Design Guidelines. (approved by City Council ) City of Toronto. Toronto Official Plan. (adopted by City Council ) City of Toronto. Underground Pedestrian System Design Guidelines Province of Ontario. Accessibility for Ontarians with Disabilities Act Province of Ontario. Ontario Building Code. Toronto Transit Commission. Transit Services for the Disabled and Elderly Persons: Choices for the Future. Toronto: August (adopted by Metro Council ) TTC MTPF METRAC. Moving Forward: Making Transit Safer for Women. Toronto: Design Guidelines for PATH and Other Climate-Controlled Pedestrian Networks 35

40 A Appendix Relationship to the PATH Master Plan These design guidelines should be read and applied in an integrated manner with the City of Toronto s PATH Pedestrian Network Master Plan, completed in The PATH Master Plan provides an overall vision and policy framework to guide the growth and enhancement of the PATH network over the long term. Map 1, PATH Network Map, as updated, illustrates the physical vision for the growth and evolution of the PATH network.

41 Map 1 PATH Network Map

42 Design Guidelines for PATH and Other Climate-Controlled Pedestrian Networks February 2012