Advanced Solutions in Urban Mobility

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Mavis Summers
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ITDP Presentation to 8 th International Logistics

1 Advanced Solutions in Urban Mobility Michael Replogle Managing Director for Policy & Founder, ITDP Presentation to 8 th International Logistics & Transportation Conference, Sao Paulo, Brazil, May 6, 2012

2 Map of usable sidewalks, City Center, Surabaya, Indonesia USABLE SIDEWALK PARTIALLY USABLE SIDEWALK UNUSABLE SIDEWALK OVEARPASS INVISIBLE ZEBRA CROSS VISIBLE ZEBRA CROSS CLEAR ZEBRA CROSS Inventory Sidewalks WORKING LIGHT BROKEN LIGHT

3 An ecology of roads Grid roads are like wetlands: absorbing, distributing loads fluidly Diverse transportation systems are like diverse ecosystems: more niches mean more efficient resource use, system resilience

4 An ecology of roads Freeways are like channelized streams: traffic gets stuck in an impermeable ditch until it can find an exit

30%-120% increase in traffic (with 80% typical) Expanding roads to solve

5 Expanding motorways reduces walking and transit oriented development Milwaukee Before Motorways Milwaukee After Motorways Doubling of road capacity yields 30%-120% increase in traffic (with 80% typical) Expanding roads to solve congestion: like buying bigger pants to cure obesity Removing road capacity: much traffic disappears

6 Seoul reallocated motorway space for walking To This From This To This

7 Reform Street Codes Complete Streets routinely & safely accommodate pedestrians, bicycles, & public transport

8 Reduce Speed WHO, citing Pasanen

9 de Brinkgood, Netherlands Odense, Denmark Shared Streets Hans Mondermann Victoria, British Colombia, Canada Source: Curbless Streets/Shared Space in Urban Contexts, Background, Issues & Examples, July 2007

10 Shared Street in Guangzhou, China

11 Singapore in the 70 s before road pricing 13 Source: LTA

12 Singapore today after 30 years of road pricing and public transport investment CBD and motorway toll rates adjusted 4x/year to keep traffic speeds at peak system performance

13 1975: Singapore Adopts World s First Area License

14 1998: Singapore Electronic Road Pricing (ERP) In-Vehicle Unit (IU) & Cash Card Gantries Enforcement Cameras Central Computer& Processing System

15 Increased to over 70 as of December 2008 Singapore ERP Charging Points June 2008

16 Singapore Toll Rates Set to Achieve Performance Standards Review every 3 months Adjust up/down to ensure traffic moves at target speeds 85% of time or more Expressways Increase 45 kph 65 kph Decrease Increase 20 kph 30 kph Decrease CBD/ Other Roads

¼ Queue times down 30-50% Emissions down 14% CO2 Emission

17 Congestion Pricing Impacts Stockholm designed its system to boost environmental performance: Traffic reduced overall by ¼ Queue times down 30-50% Emissions down 14% CO2 Emission Reduction Overall Traffic Reduction Cordon Area Traffic 6am-7pm

18 Tolling Existing Lanes: Acceptable When It Boosts Performance, Choices Public opinion of cordon charge in Stockholm for - against: Before start of tolling: 31% - 62% After 6 months: 52% - 40% After 9 months: 67% approval Stockholm the congestion tax

19 Gothenburg, Sweden Congestion Charge Since January 2013

London Charging Zone Monitored by Digital Cameras 1. Car enters zone Automatic Number Plate Recognition (ANPR) technology enables information regarding capture and keeper to be identified. 2.

20 London Charging Zone Monitored by Digital Cameras 1. Car enters zone Automatic Number Plate Recognition (ANPR) technology enables information regarding capture and keeper to be identified. 2. Camera captures VRM A294 BEC 3. VRM checked against database Match No match Database of payments Photo of vehicle wiped from database Penalty charge notice issued A294BEC Source: Derek Turner Consulting

est. revenue Heavy trucks failing Euro-II emission standard pay

21 London City-Wide Low Emission Zone City-wide effective Feb USD $98 m set up cost $20 m/yr. operating cost $96 m/yr. est. revenue Heavy trucks failing Euro-II emission standard pay $400/day 50,000 trucks/week monitored 8% initially subject to fee 21

road, rail, waterway transport improvements Logistics efficiency up, freight VKT down 7%

22 Germany s Success With Automated HGV Tolls trucks >12 tons pay on 12,000 km roads 50% toll premium for old dirty trucks 1 million toll transactions/day USD$5 billion/year revenue for road, rail, waterway transport improvements Logistics efficiency up, freight VKT down 7% Source: Andrea Kossak,

23 Stop-and-Go-Traffic = Lost Road Capacity 5 am 6 am 9 am 7 am 8 am Traffic Speed and Volume I-66 East, Northern VA, Wednesday March 7, 2007

24 2 toll managed lanes carry as much peak hour traffic at 3 times the speed - as moved in 4 free, but congested lanes

25 Vehicles Per Hour Per Lane Miles Per Hour 2 toll managed lanes carry as much peak hour traffic at 3 times the speed - as moved in 4 free, but congested lanes Traffic in Peak Hours on Eastbound SR91 Friday Afternoons 2004 Average Traffic Speed Peak Hours Eastbound SR 91 Friday Afternoons Congested General Purpose Lanes Toll Managed Lanes Congested General Purpose Lanes Toll Managed Lanes Therefore toll management of existing new lanes could boost their capacity by 50% in times of peak congestion Report to Congress on the Value Pricing Pilot Program Through March 2004, US Federal Highway Administration (2004), available at: df

26 Lost Peak Period Road Capacity Can Be Regained Through Active Supply & Demand Management

27 Avoid-Shift-Improve Sustainable Transport Boosts productivity and reliability of transport Boosts equitable and affordable access Supports sustainable economic growth Protects environment & public health, urban livability

28 For More Information Michael Replogle Managing Director for Policy and Founder Institute for Transportation and Development Policy th Street NW Washington, DC USA

Congestion Management in Singapore. Assoc Prof Anthony TH CHIN Department of Economics National University of Singapore

Congestion Management in Singapore Assoc Prof Anthony TH CHIN Department of Economics National University of Singapore anthonychin@nus.edu.sg Introduction 2 Introduction and What is Traffic Congestion?