James Telford Brantford, Ontario Grew up on the Grand River and Great Lakes, Southern Ontario. Brother. Graduate Student Researcher Wapusk National
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1 James Telford Brantford, Ontario Grew up on the Grand River and Great Lakes, Southern Ontario. Brother. Graduate Student Researcher Wapusk National Park, Manitoba Peace-Athabasca Delta, Alberta Marian Watershed, Tłı cho Lands, NWT. Academic Partner on Marian Watershed Stewardship Program
2 Establishing a metals and hydroecologic baseline to support the Marian Watershed Stewardship Program James Telford MSc Candidate Brent Wolfe - Wilfrid Laurier University Roland Hall - University of Waterloo Sjoerd van der Wielen Tłı cho Government, Lands Protection Department
3 Concerns Climate Change Lower water levels Less Snow, Higher Temperatures More forest fires? Metals Pollution Pollution from mining and industry Mining begins in 1933 Ray Rock mine Giant/Con Mine Future NICO mine? How do we track pollution from mines? Atmospheric transport, through the air. River Transport.
4 Natural Sources of Metals Catchment Erosion Forest Fires can cause rapid erosion Bedrock Weathering
5 Objectives Establish a baseline of sediment metals concentrations from sediment cores at various locations, which can then be used for continued monitoring of surface sediment concentrations to identify potential pollution. Track long term changes in hydroecological conditions to identify natural changes and those changes, which are a result of climate warming Give context to current observation of low water levels.
6 2016 Water Sampling Water- Very low metals, except Al, likely natural Total Metals (Water) mg/l Aluminum (Al) Arsenic (As) Chromium (Cr) Iron (Fe) Lead (Pb) Mercury (Hg) Uranium CCME FAL /15 Marian < < Marian < Marian < Marian < Marian < Marian < < Marian < Marian < < Marian < < Marian < < Marian < Marian < < Marian < Le Martre < < Le Martre <
7 2016 Sediment Sampling Minor elevation in Arsenic, Chromium, Copper, Zinc Natural, Geogenic vs anthropogenic? Metals (Soil) mg/kg Aluminum Arsenic Cadmium Chromium Copper Iron Lead Manganese Mercury Uranium Zinc ISQG/PEL 5.9/17 0.6/ / /197 35/ / Marian Marian Marian Marian Marian Marian Marian Marian Marian Marian Marian Marian / Le Martre Le Martre
8 What is a Baseline? Need something to compare contemporary data to. There is an absence of long term records. What was the environment like before mining and climate change? Need to separate the natural variations from industrial activities. Mining began in 1933, therefor our baseline is pre-1933
9 Tondu 2012 Paleolimnology Lake History Sediment Cores Establish long-term records of environmental history from the watershed. Sediment material comes into the lake from the land, from streams and from the air, accumulating over time. Youngest Metals Oldest
10 Sediment Cores Sediment cores have been collected from 8 lakes throughout the Marian Watershed in 2015 and 2016.
11 Initial Sediment Core Results Nico Lake , Signing of the Tlicho Agreement 1921 Chief Monfwi Signs Treaty Canada Confederation Located beside the NICO deposit. Naturally high in metals. Very little stream inflow. Higher elevation. 2 Sediment Cores ~ ~500+ year record 1763 Royal Proclamation ~1700 ~1600 ~1498
12 Nico Lake Metals Baselines Established, Sediment Chromium Concentration ug/g 2020 Sediment Chromium Normalized to Lithium 2020 Sediment Copper Concentration ug/g 2020 Sediment Copper Normalized to Li Cr Pre-1933 Baseline Cr/Li Pre-1933 Baseline Cu Pre-1933 Baseline Cu/Li Pre-1933 Baseline ug/g Metals concentrations are normalized to lithium to distinguishing natural sources from pollution. ug/g
13 Sediment Arsenic Concentration ug/g Arsenic Normalized to Lithium Sediment Cores: Initial Metals Results from Nico Lake As Pre-1933 Baseline 112ug/g As/Li As/Li Basline Major increase at 1948 corresponding to Giant Mine operation ~185km SE Decrease in early 60s with pollution controls. Potential for metals pollution runoff from the surrounding land. Major decline late 90s early 2000 s corresponding to end of Giant, Con mines ug/g
14 100+ Years of Monitoring Data 1.8 Temporal Trends in Normalized Arsenic to Statistical Baseline COV Enrichment Factor Pre-1933 Baseline Pollution (COV) Lower COV Normalized Arsenic Value Date Powerful tool for continued monitoring.
15 Conclusion Paleolimnological methods provide means to establish metals concentrations baselines. Identifies evidence of arsenic pollution during latter half of 20 th century. Next Steps Establish metals concentrations baselines for Shoti or Marian Lake to compare to contemporary sediment data for use in monitoring downstream locations. Continue with geochemical and biological analysis to assess the influence of climate change on recent observations of lake levels. Incorporate results to Tłı cho Government monitoring initiatives.
16 Masi Cho!
17 Sediment Fe Concentration ug/g Sediment Fe Normalized to Li and Al 0.0 OM Year (CRS Model) Year (CRS Model) Nico C1 Nico C Fe Pre 1933 Baseline Fe/Li Pres 33 Baseline
18 As to Li R² = Surface sediment from M!to M13
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