LOS ANGELES COUNTYWIDE Bicycle Policy. ~M_~ Metropolitan. Transportation.. Authority. I.E" Korve. I...Engineering

Transcription

1 LOS ANGELES COUNTYWIDE Bicycle Plicy ~M_~ Metrplitan Transprtatin.. Authrity I.E" Krve I...Engineering

2 Adpted by Ls Angeles Cunty Metrplitan Transprtatin Authrity April 1994 Patti Helm, Prject Manager MTA 818 West Seventh Street P.O. Bx 194 Ls Angeles, CA Prepared by I~Krve I~Engineering Cver art by Tim Clark

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4 Ls Angeles Cuntywide Bicycle Plicy Dcument Table f Cntents Table f Cntents I. Intrductin A. Purpse f Dcument 1 B. Outline f Dcument C. Overview f Plicies 3 II. Bicycle Planning 8 A. Bicycle System Planning and Siting Backgrund Infrmatin/Plicy Issues 8 2. Objectives MTA Plicies 15 B. Bicycle System Planning Backgrund Infrmatin/Plicy Issues Objectives MTA Plicies 18 C. Bicycle Facility - TDM Strategy Backgrund Infrmatin/Plicy Issues Objectives MTA Plicies 21 D. BicyclelTransit System Linkages Backgrund Infrmatin/Plicy Issues Objectives MTA Plicies 24 E. Rle f Bicycle Advisry Cmmittees Backgrund Infrmatin/Plicy Issues Objectives MTA Plicies 27 III. Design 28 A. Caltrans Bikeway Design Standards Backgrund Infrmatin/Plicy Issues Objectives MTA Plicies 32 B. Additinal Bikeway Design Elements Backgrund Infrmatin/Plicy Issues Objectives MTA Plicies 37 IV. Prgrams 38 Page i

5 Ls Angeles Cuntywide Bicycle Plicy Dcument Table f Cntents A. Bicycle Safety Prgrams Backgrund Infrmatin/Plicy Issues Objectives MTA Plicies 38 B. Bicycle Security/Enfrcement Backgrund Infrmatin/Plicy Issues Objectives MTA Plicies 40 C. Bikeway Maintenance Prgram Backgrund Infrmatin/Plicy Issues Objectives MTA Plicies : D. Bicycle Marketing Backgrund Infrmatin/Plicy Issues Objectives MTA Plicies 46 V. Funding, 47 A. Bicycle Funding Surces Backgrund Infrmatin/Plicy Issues Objectives MTA Plicies 49 B. Bicycle Funding Pririties Backgrund Infrmatin/Plicy Issues Objectives MTA Plicies 50 VI. Appendices A. Definitin f Key Terminlgy B. Planning Level Cst Factrs C. Results f 1993 Bicycle Rider Survey D. Status f Bicycle Plans fr Cunty f Ls Angeles E. Estimates f TCM Effectiveness fr Bicycles F. Emissin Reductin Calculatins G. Establishment f a Bicycle Advisry Cmmittee H. Mailing Addresses and Cntacts I. List f Ptential Bikeway Funding Surces J. MTA Permit Applicatin and Rules Page ii

6 Ls Angeles Cuntywide Bicycle Plicy Dcument Intrductin I. Intrductin A. Purpse f Dcument In recent years a multi-mdal transprtatin plicy and planning framewrk has been develped in Ls Angeles Cunty thrugh the leadership f the Ls Angeles Cunty Metrplitan Transprtatin Authrity (MTA) and ther transprtatin agencies. The crnerstne f this multimdal plicy is t prvide reliable and effective alternatives t the single-ccupant autmbile fr persnal transprtatin. These alternatives include nt nly ride sharing, bus transit, and rail transit, but als transprtatin demand management, revised land use plicies t minimize travel needs, and a greater emphasis n walking and bicycling. There are currently abut 175 miles f bike paths (excluding muntain bike trails) and 210 miles f bike lanes designated n MTA's Ls Angeles Cunty Bike Map. Althugh bicycle facilities are relatively sparse in Ls Angeles Cunty, recent statistics suggest that bicycle usage is significant and widespread. In the Ls Angeles area, apprximately 1% f all cmmute trips are made by bicycle, as cmpared t estimates ranging frm 3% t 6.4% f cmmute trips made by bus.' Similarly, apprximately 1% f illl trips are made by bicycle 2 and 3.4% are made by bus. 3 When drive-alne cmmuters were asked in a recent survey what alternative travel mdes they wuld cnsider using n a trial basis, 25% said they wuld cnsider cycling as cmpared t 18% wh wuld cnsider taking the bus. 4 These numbers indicate a substantial market f existing cyclists, and prvide a cntext fr evaluating the cst-effectiveness f bicycle facilities cmpared t ther mdes. They als hint at the ptential that additinal investment in new bicycle facilities may have in attracting new cyclists ut f their cars. Other studies cnducted by MTA indicate that bicycle-related Transprtatin Cntrl Measures (TCMs) are amng the mst cst-effective measures that can be implemented, resulting in savings cmpared with drive-alne autmbile transprt. They are als amng the easiest and fastest t implement. The ptential fr bicycling t playa significant rle in transprtatin has received significant attentin, nt nly in Suthern Califrnia, but acrss the cuntry. Numerus cities in Califrnia and ther states have develped very effective city-wide bicycle plans and netwrks making bicycling an integral part f the transprtatin philsphy f thse cmmunities. Cities in Ls Angeles Cunty are increasingly incrprating bicycle planning 'Cmmuter Transprtatin Services, State f the Cmmute, 1993, Reg. XV Database, and MTA's Travel Frecast Mdel, Natinwide Persnal Transprtatin Study. (NPTS). Data cvers the SCAG regin. 3Reg. XV Database and MTA Travel Frecast Mdel, Cmmuter Transprtatin Services, State f the Cmmute, Page 1

7 ls Angeles Cuntywide Bicycle Plicy Dcument Intrductin int their verall transprtatin planning. Funding pprtunities als exist at the Cunty and State levels fr bicycle facilities and prgrams. In Ls Angeles Cunty, MTA is the agency respnsible fr disbursement f many f thse funds. This plicy dcument prvides the fficial reference surce fr MTA plicy twards bicycle planning and prgramming in Ls Angeles Cunty. It utlines plicies with respect t bicycle planning, bicycle facility design, bicycle prgrams, bicycle funding, and priritizatin f prjects fr funding by MTA. This dcument defines MTA plicy n bicycle planning, and explains the ratinale fr the develpment f that plicy. It lays ut the verall gals and bjectives established fr bikeway planning and funding at the reginal level. It is intended t be a primary tl in the crdinatin and implementatin f a Cunty-wide bicycle prgram, and t prvide fr cnsistency f bicycle planning and facility develpment. It is als intended t prvide a key reference surce fr the develpment f sub-area bicycle plans within the Cunty. This dcument is nt a bicycle plan fr the Cunty, nr it is an exhaustive technical guide fr the planning and implementatin f bicycle facilities. Rather it is intended t clearly state Cunty-wide plicies and develp a cnsistent apprach tward bicycle planning and implementatin in the Cunty, and t prvide guidance t cities within the Cunty in the planning and implementatin f bicycle facilities and prgrams. It prvides a framewrk fr cities t understand MTA plicies, MTA funding surces, criteria and methds fr allcating funding and establishing pririties, and identifying MTA respnsibilities and lcal agency/jurisdictin respnsibilities fr the planning, implementatin and maintenance f bicycle facilities and prgrams. It is intended t be a resurce t help cities within the Cunty t put tgether their wn bicycle plans, t enhance existing facilities and systems, and t apply t MTA fr funding. B. Outline f Dcument This plicy dcument is rganized int five key sectins that address the fllwing: Bicycle Planning Bicycle Facility Design Bicycle Prgrams Bicycle Funding Prject Priritizatin The chapter n Bikeway Planning addresses plicies with respect t system planning and siting f bicycle facilities, n ridership data, n transprtatin demand management (TOM) strategy, n bicycle/transit linkage strategies and n the rle f bicycle advisry cmmittees. The chapter n Bikeway Design cvers bikeway standards and standards fr ancillary facilities such as shwers and lckers. Page 2

8 Ls Angeles Cuntywide Bicycle Plicy Dcument Intrductin The chapter n Bicycle Prgrams addresses plicies with respect t bicycle safety, bicycle facility maintenance, security, liability, and enfrcement and marketing f bicycle prgrams and facilities. The chapter n Bicycle Funding and Prject Priritizatin utlines the verall needs fr funding t implement MTA plicies, bicycle funding surces and plicies t gvern priritizatin f bikeway prjects. In addressing each f these areas, the dcument identifies key issues and backgrund resurce infrmatin, identifies a set f verall MTA and reginal bjectives develped in respnse t the plicy cntext, and als identifies certain plicies which MTA can implement as an agency t achieve these bjectives. The appendices which are attached prvide a glssary f terms, a survey f regular bicycle users, funding surces, cst factrs, and ther relevant backgrund infrmatin. C. Overview f Plicies This sectin prvides a summary utline f key MTA plicies with respect t bikeway planning, bikeway design, bikeway prgrams, bikeway funding, and bikeway pririties. Specific plicy language and additinal secndary plicies are prvided in the text. A discussin f the issues regarding each f these plicies is prvided in the apprpriate chapter f the plicy dcument. System Planning and Siting MTA will require prjects submitted by lcal jurisdictins fr funding t be identified in a lcal r reginal bicycle plan. Class III (bike rute) prjects are nt eligible fr Reginal Bikeway funding. Spnsring jurisdictins shall guarantee that bicycle facilities cnstructed using MTA funds will nt revert t nn-bicycle use fr a minimum f ten years. MTA Bicycle Master Plans will identify a system f reginally significant. bikeways. Lcal jurisdictins cntributing t the cmpletin f this system will receive credit under the Cngestin Management Prgram Cuntywide Deficiency Plan. Ridership Data/Data Cllectin The MTA will require that spnsrs f all bikeway prjects apprved by MTA fr funding submit befre and after bicycle cunt data. Page 3

9 Ls Angeles Cuntywide Bicycle Plicy Dcument Intrductin The MTA will act as a reginal clearinghuse fr bicycle cunt data cllected by lcal jurisdictins and maintain a cuntywide data file n bicycle usage. The MTA will establish a database cntaining the "vital statistics" n bikeways in the Cunty. The MTA will wrk with reginal planning agencies such as SCAG t develp travel demand frecasting prcedures fr bikeways, fr use in system planning and prject funding applicatin evaluatin. Bicycle Facility - TOM Strategy The MTA will cntinue t assemble data frm Transprtatin Management Organizatins t establish mnitring prvisins and define the linkages between bicycle travel and TOM effectiveness. The MTA encurages cities and emplyers t prvide incentives fr emplyees t bicycle t wrk. The MTA encurages jurisdictins t incrprate provisins recgnizing cnstructin f bicycle facilities as a measure in trip reductin rdinances r as mitigatin fr new develpment. BicycleITransit System Linkages The MTA will retain the prvisins fr bikes n bard MTA Metr Rail lines. The MTA will direct the Rail Cnstructin Crpratin t amend the statin design criteria t include a requirement fr and standards t accmmdate bicycle parking at rail statins and bus transit centers, as space permits. The MTA will develp a staged prgram, as funding and space permit, t retrfit existing Metr Rail statins and bus transit centers with bicycle parking. The MTA will recmmend t the SCRRA that similar prvisins be prvided n the Metrlink system. The MTA will wrk with Caltrans t prvide bicycle parking facilities at all existing and/r prpsed Park-and-Ride lts. Bicycle parking and racks fr buses will remain an eligible use f discretinary funding prvided by MTA in the TOM categry. Recgnizing that the pilt prgram n Rute 130 has nt been successful, MTA may discntinue this service. Page 4

10 Ls Angeles Cuntywide Bicycle Plicy Dcument Intrductin Standard bicycles are nt permitted n bard MTA buses. Patrns wh wish t lad bicycles n MTA bus racks r n bard Metr Rail trains must btain a permit frm MTA. The lcker prgram at Metr Rail statins will be crdinated and administered by MTA's "Cycle Express". Flding bicycles are permitted n bard MTA buses, at the drivers' discretin, prvided they are enclsed in an apprpriate carrying case and cnfrm t certain dimensin requirements. The MTA will investigate prviding bicycle lckers, racks, and shwers at its new headquarters building, and will perfrm the installatin if apprpriate. Bicycle Advisry Cmmittees The MTA's Technical Advisry Cmmittee will establish a standing Bicycle Task Frce. The MTA will encurage lcal jurisdictins requesting funding frm MTA fr bikeway prjects t have a Bicycle Advisry Cmmittee r sme defined prcess fr crdinating existing lcal plans and fr btaining citizen input int the bicycle planning prcess. Bikeway Design Standards MTA shall require that all prjects cnstructed with Reginal Bikeway funds be designed t Caltrans standards. MTA will make illuminatin f reginal bike paths which are anticipated t carry significant numbers f cmmute r utilitarian trips an eligible use f Reginal Bikeway funds. Bikeway landscaping as a stand-alne prject will nt be cnsidered an eligible use f Reginal Bikeway funds. Bicycle Safety Prgrams The MTA will supprt legislatin which will eliminate the present five percent reginal cap n safety educatin funding frm TDA Article 3 fr Ls Angeles Cunty. MTA staff will research and prvide recmmendatins t the Ad Hc Safety Cmmittee regarding the cnslidatin f bicycle safety prgrams and the funding f same. Page 5

11 ls Angeles Cuntywide Bicycle Plicy Dcument Intrductin Bicycle Security/Enfrcement Installatin f call bxes n Class I trails is an eligible expenditure f Reginal Bikeway funds. Bikeway Maintenance Prgram MTA will require lcal jurisdictins requesting reginal bikeway funds t agree t implement a Pavement Management System (PIVIS) fr Class I bikeways. The MTA will expect that the current level f maintenance f bike paths within the City and Cunty f Ls Angeles will be cntinued at the current level, using lcal funds. Bicycle Marketing The MTA bicycle prgram will act as a clearinghuse fr infrmatin which can be disseminated thrugh pre-existing channels fr prmting and marketing use f bicycles fr utilitarian and cmmute trip making. MTA staff will crdinate with reginal TMAs t assemble and disseminate infrmatin which can be used t dcument the effectiveness f, and increase the rle f bicycling in prgrams designed t reduce aut trip making. The MTA will update the cuntywide bikeway map a minimum f every five years. The MTA will strngly encurage lcal jurisdictins t prepare a bikeway map and t update such a map as frequently. Bicycle Funding Surces MTA will cntinue the existing practice f dividing the pt f mnies earmarked fr bicycle prgrams and administered by MTA int a lcal share allcated by frmula and a reginal share awarded thugh the annual Call fr Prjects s that bikeways can be develped at the lcal level while at the same time rutes f reginal significance can be built. Maintenance f bikeways is the respnsibility f lcal jurisdictins and is nt an eligible use f Reginal Bikeway funds. The present TDA Article 3 guidelines, with regard t maintenance, will be retained. Bikeway Prgram Pririties The fllwing plicies will guide the priritizatin f prjects submitted fr funding with reginal discretinary funds. Page 6

12 Ls Angeles Cuntywide Bicycle Plicy Dcument Intrductin The MTA's highest pririty is the remedy f significant safety deficiencies n existing rutes. Hwever I the additin f new mileage t the Cuntywide system is a higher pririty than enhancements t the existing system. MTA will emphasize cnstructin f new facilities in the near term ver funding lcal maintenance r ther bicycle prgrams. MTA will fcus reginal discretinary funding resurces first n prviding new facilities befre funding enhancements r imprvements t existing facilities. Hwever, MTA may prvide funding fr recnstructin f facilities f reginal significance which have significant safety deficiencies, r which wuld therwise becme unserviceable r unsafe withut majr renvatin, r which need majr recnstructin t retain the existing system mileage. MTA will endeavr t cmplete funding f partially funded bicycle facility segments befre cmmitting funding t new prjects. MTA will attempt t prgram discretinary funds t pursue cnstructin f a system f bikeways f reginal significance. The selectin f facility type (bike path vs. bike lane) will be a secndary cnsideratin, taking int accunt available right-f-way, cst, vehicular traffic, safety and rutings which are applicable t the varius bicycle facility types under cnsideratin. Reginally significant bikeways are defined as thse which: Serve activity centers which are large scale r therwise imprtant frm a cuntywide perspective; and which prvide fr a cntinuus system f bike rutes which cnnect adjacent cmmunities r crss jurisdictinal bundaries. With respect t the type f bicycle facility, MTA will give pririty credit t cst effective prjects which can demnstrate a relatinship t activity centers, emplyment centers, retail centers, schls, transit statins, and high density husing, in rder t accmmdate cmmute and utilitarian trips. Page 7

13 Ls Angeles Cuntywide Bicycle Plicy Dcument Bicycle Planning II. Bicycle Planning Fr the purpses f the Cuntywide Bicycle Plicy Dcument, bicycle planning is categrized int the fllwing five cmpnents: - Bicycle System Planning and Siting - Bicycle Ridership Data - Transprtatin Demand Management (TDM) Strategy - BicyclefTransit System Linkages - Bicycle Advisry Cmmittees Fr each f these cmpnents, the fllwing discussin prvides backgrund infrmatin and plicy issues; identifies MTA bjectives; and utlines MTA plicies t achieve its bjectives. A. Bicycle System Planning and Siting 1. Backgrund Infrmatin/Plicy Issues a. The Planning Prcess As a cuntywide agency, MTA des nt have jurisdictinal cntrl ver facilities in lcal cities. The primary rle f the MTA in bicycle planning is therefre t help crdinate the develpment f bicycle facilities int an effective cuntywide netwrk, and t help develp cnsistent planning, design, and implementatin principles. The Cuntywide Plicy Dcument represents the "first step" by MTA in the reginal planning effrt and addresses reginal plicies affecting planning, funding and develpment f bikeways. MTA intends t develp Bicycle Master Plans fr each f the MTA Area Teams established fr the regin. The Bicycle Master Plans will address specific needs, jurisdictinal crdinatin, and prjects f reginal significance within each f the planning areas. Recgnizing that certain bikeway prjects are multi-jurisdictinal in nature and/r are f reginal significance, a secndary rle fr MTA in bicycle planning is t act as lead agency fr selected prjects. MTA cnsiders that bicycle planning shuld begin at the lcal/evel with lca/ jurisdictins being respnsible fr the develpment f citywide bicycle plans. The lcatin and type f bikeway facilities cntained in the bikeway plan shuld fllw bikeway planning principles defined in this Plicy Dcument, t maximize likelihd f funding by MTA. The prcess that is fllwed in the creatin f a bikeway master plan shuld include, at a minimum, the fllwing majr elements: Establish Gals and Objectives Inventry Existing Facilities Analyze Unmet Needs Prepare Bikeway Plan Page 8

14 Ls Angeles Cuntywide Bicycle Plicy Dcument Bicycle Planning Evaluate Funding Mechanisms Develp List f Prjects In additin, in rder t cnfrm as clsely as pssible t , which was enacted int Califrnia law in 1993, agencies preparing a bicycle transprtatin plan shuld cnsider including as many f the fllwing elements as pssible: The estimated number f existing bicycle cmmuters in the plan area and the estimated increase in the number f bicycle cmmuters resulting frm implementatin f the plan. A map and descriptin f existing and prpsed land use and settlement patterns which shall include, but nt be limited t, lcatins f residential neighbrhds, schls, shpping centers, public buildings, and majr emplyment centers. A map and descriptin f existing and prpsed bikeways. A map and descriptin f existing and prpsed end-f-trip bicycle parking facilities. These shall include, but nt be limited t, parking at schls, shpping centers, public buildings, and majr emplyment centers. A map and descriptin f existing and prpsed bicycle transprt and parking facilities fr cnnectins with and use f ther transprtatin mdes. These shall include, but nt be limited t, parking facilities at transit stps, rail and transit terminals, ferry dcks and landings, park and ride lts, and prvisins fr transprting bicyclists and bicycles n transit r rail vehicles r ferry vessels. A map and descriptin f existing and prpsed facilities fr changing and string clthes and equipment. These shall include, but nt be limited t, lcker, rest rm, and shwer facilities near bicycle parking facilities. A descriptin f bicycle safety and educatin prgrams cnducted in the area included within the plan, effrts by the law enfrcement agency having primary traffic law enfrcement respnsibility in the area t enfrce prvisins f the Vehicle Cde pertaining t bicycle peratin, and the resulting effect n accidents invlving bicyclists. A descriptin f the extent f citizen and cmmunity invlvement in develpment f the plan, including, but nt limited t, letters f supprt. A descriptin f hw the bicycle transprtatin plan has been crdinated and is cnsistent with ther lcal r reginal transprtatin, air quality, r energy cnservatin plans, including, but nt limited t, prgrams that prvide incentives fr bicycle cmmuting. Page 9

15 Ls Angeles Cuntywide Bicycle Plicy Dcument Bicycle Planning A descriptin f the prjects prpsed in the plan and a listing f their pririties fr implementatin. A descriptin f past expenditures fr bicycle facilities and future financial needs fr prjects that imprve safety and cnvenience fr bicycle cmmuters in the plan area. There are many areas where this bicycle planning prcess by lcal jurisdictins needs t be crdinated with ther parts f the transprtatin planning prcess. Fr example, the develpment f a Bicycle Plan cmpnent f a city's Transprtatin r Circulatin Element f the General Plan will need t be crdinated with SCAG and AOMD fr cnsistency with reginal transprtatin and air quality plicies and plans. At a mre lcalized level, specific elements f a city's Bicycle Plan can ptentially be implemented by requiring develpment prjects t implement bicycle plan cmpnents as mitigatin measures. Cngestin Management Prgram Cities may develp bicycle imprvements in crdinatin with the Cngestin Management Prgram (CMP). The MTA's CMP Cuntywide Deficiency Plan Tlbx f Strategies allws cities t claim 700 credits per tw-directinal rute mile f reginally-significant Class I r Class II facility. The Deficiency Plan defines reginally-significant rutes as thse designated as part f the Reginal Bikeway System in the applicable MTA Bicycle Master Plan. In the interim, until the Bicycle Master Plans are adpted by the MTA, reginallysignificant bicycle prjects will be defined as thse that have received an LACTC/MTA discretinary funding award in the past. Additinal CMP credits will be awarded fr TDM strategies targeted tward emplyees, including bicycle and pedestrian facilities and bicycle allwances. 5 Apprval f Lcal Plans Accrding t state law (SB 1095), a city r cunty that has prepared a bicycle transprtatin plan may submit the plan t the cunty transprtatin cmmissin r transprtatin planning agency fr apprval. In practice, this means that a lcal agency in Ls Angeles Cunty cannt apply fr state mney fr a bicycle prject, especially frm the Bicycle Lane Accunt, unless the city has an MTA-apprved bicycle master plan. MTA acknwledges that its rle in cities' planning effrts is limited, and hesitates t "apprve" a bicycle master plan that has already been apprpriately apprved and adpted by a city. Hwever, t assist cities in meeting state requirements, the MTA intends t adpt six MTA Area Bicycle Master Plans, which shuld satisfy the state's requirement fr an MTA-adpted plan. In additin, the MTA Bard delegates t staff the curtesy f reviewing lcally-adpted bicycle master plans t prvide an pinin whether the plans are in cnfrmance with the requirements f SB 1095 and with reginal planning dcuments, 5LsAngeles Cunty Metrplitan Transprtatin Authrity, Cngestin Management Prgram fr Ls Angeles Cunty, Page 10

16 Ls Angeles Cuntywide Bicycle Plicy Dcument Bicycle Planning including the Reginal Mbility Plan (RMP), Air Quality Management Plan, CMP, and this Bicycle Plicy Dcument. b. System Planning and Siting Issues Cmmuter/Utilizatin versus Recreatinal Usage It is the MTA's pririty t fcus bicycle planning effrts n develping facilities fr cmmuter and utilitarian users. The primary reasn fr this is tw-fld. Firstly, the available data indicates that many regular bicycle trips are fr such uses; and secndly, the reductin f wrk and ther regular trips in autmbiles will prduce the greatest benefits in reducing traffic cngestin and imprving air quality. Netwrk Cnnectivity and Activity Center Orientatin MTA intends that crdinated bicycle planning thrughut the cunty will lead t the prvisin f a cmprehensive netwrk f bicycle facilities. In particular, bikeways which abut r crss jurisdictinal r cmmunity bundaries shuld be cnsidered in the brader cntext f an Area Plan and the reginal system f bikeways. At the same time, recgnizing that cmmute and utilitarian trips are significantly shrter than recreatinal trips, it is als MTA's intent that the netwrk fcus n prviding lcal access t activity centers (including majr emplyment, retail, and entertainment centers, and transit statins). This fcus is cmpatible with the earlier stated bjective f fcusing n facilities fr cmmuter and utilitarian trips in rder t maximize reductin f traffic cngestin and imprvements t air quality. New Cnstructin Versus Upgrade Existing Facilities In the nging develpment and implementatin f the cuntywide bicycle prgram, a certain balance will need t be maintained between prvisin f new facilities t cmplete and expand the netwrk, and maintenance and pssible upgrading f existing facilities t ensure they remain a safe, useable, and effective cmpnent f the transprtatin system. There are currently abut 175 miles f bike paths (excluding the apprximately 50 miles f muntain bike trails) in Ls Angeles Cunty. (Abut 90 miles f these are maintained by Ls Angeles Cunty.) The Cuntywide bikeway map indicates sme 210 miles f bike lanes f reginal significance and there are additinal lcal bike lanes nt shwn n this map. The ttal mileage f bikeways, including bike rutes, has nt been tabulated t date, but is higher still. Based upn pssible funding levels and typical prject csts, MTA anticipates ptential Cuntywide additins f 50 miles t the bike path system, and 2,500 miles t the bike lane system (refer t Appendix B fr typical cst factrs). The MTA intends t fcus its funds thrugh the Call fr Prjects t cmplete and expand the cuntywide bicycle netwrk. In general, lcal jurisdictins shuld take the lead in prvisin f rutine maintenance and minr upgrade f facilities thrugh existing surces. f funds which are available fr that purpse. Existing plicies fr award f Reginal Page 11

17 ls Angeles Cuntywide Bicycle Plicy Dcument Bicycle Planning Bikeway funds d nt require a lcal "match" in recgnitin f the fact that lcalities will need t maintain prtins f the reginal system within their respective jurisdictins. Even with a fcus n adding new bikeways t the system, facilities f reginal significance which wuld therwise becme unserviceable r unsafe withut majr renvatin r recnstructin shuld be eligible fr funding by MTA if necessary t maintain a safe and functining cuntywide system. Types f Faci/ities Bikeway facilities are classified int three categries: Class I Bikeways (bike paths) are separate bicycle facilities which prvide an exclusive right-f-way fr bicycle travel t minimize interference frm vehicular traffic. In many cmmunities Class I Bikeways (bike paths) are cnsidered t be primarily recreatinal in terms f their use. This is because bike paths are ften prvided in alignments in areas nt served by streets and that d nt serve activity centers. Fr example, existing bike paths in Ls Angeles.. Cunty are mst ften fund alng cean frnts, in parks, n cllege campuses, r in utility and drainage rights-f-way. Hwever, pprtunities exist in Ls Angeles Cunty t prvide Class I bike paths that link adjacent cmmunities, prviding lcal access and serving majr activity centers. Sme f the bike paths currently planned will fllw railrad right-f-way alignments. Class II Bikeways (bike lanes) are painted lines n streets which delineate right-f-way between bicyclists and mtr vehicle traffic. They are usually established alng streets in crridrs where bicycle demand is significant r where cnnectins t high emplyment centers r ther trip rigin/destinatin can be prvided. As lng facility design adheres t accepted design practice, bike lanes can be the safest and mst cst effective methd f prviding fr bicycle travel in a crridr. Bike lanes are nrmally preferred by bicycle cmmuters ver bike paths, in that they ften prvide the mst direct rute t destinatins. The lcatin f bikeways is very imprtant, especially when cnsidering bike lanes. The direct rute t activity centers is mst ften fund n arterial and cllectr streets rather than lcal streets. Because they are prvided n the existing rad netwrk, bike lanes are the facilities best situated t accmmdate utilitarian trip purpses, thus ffering a viable alternative t ther transprtatin mdes. Bike lanes can be used where there is inadequate right-f-way t prvide a bike path. Class III Bikeways (bike rutes) are shared facilities which nrmally are lcated alng lwer traffic vlume streets thrugh neighbrhds t prvide cntinuity r access t ther bikeway facilities. Class III bikeways, primarily used fr cnnectin frm neighbrhds t Class I r Class" bikeways, shuld, wherever pssible, be placed n streets n which the curb lane exceeds the minimum width prvided fr mtr vehicles. Page 12

18 Ls Angeles Cuntywide Bicycle Plicy Dcument Bicycle Planning While nt preferred bicycle facilities, bike rutes may be apprpriate where there is n available exclusive right-f-way fr a Class I facility and where there is inadequate pavement width t accmmdate a Class II facility, but where it is nevertheless desired t prvide cntinuity in the bicycle rute system and fr access t key generatrs'. Class III facilities can als serve t identify the mst apprpriate rute fr bicyclists in certain areas. Pririties fr Types f Facilities The MTA must establish pririty amng Class I, Class II, and Class III facilities fr new cnstructin funding and identify guidelines regard t the planning and siting f bicycle facilities. Class III facilities are small enugh in scpe that lcal agencies can and shuld prvide them withut reginal funding assistance. Althugh they d cntribute t the bicycle netwrk, these prjects are typically f a lcal nature and are the least likely t prvide enugh incentive t cnvince peple t change their travel mde t bicycle cmmuting. Class II facilities (Bike Lanes) may be best situated t accmmdate cmmuter/utilitarian trips and ffer a viable alternative t autmbile travel. Because f the lwer cst and greater simplicity f peratin and maintenance, Class II facilities are als the mst csteffective way t expand the bicycle netwrk. "Mre bike lanes with striping n the pavement" was identified in a survey f mre than 700 active bicyclists in LA Cunty (See Appendix C) as being the mst imprtant actin which culd be accmplished t imprve bicycle transprtatin in Ls Angeles. Class II facilities are relatively easy t implement cmpared t Class I trails. Lcal jurisdictins have the authrity t specify design standards fr radway crss sectins and can utilize lcal radway funds r require such imprvements t be made in cnjunctin with develpment prpsals. Class I facilities, n the ther hand, may require extrardinary actins by lcal jurisdictins because f cst, right f way requirements, and difficult design issues. Hwever, MTA believes that ff-street bikeways are be mre attractive t new users wh wuld be less inclined t use Class II facilities, especially n heavily-traveled arterial radways. While MTA acknwledges that the reginal Class I trails that have been develped in the past were nt develped primarily t attract cmmute and utilitarian trips that are the fcus f this plicy dcument, prperly placed Class I facilities can cntribute t the transprtatin mix by prviding safe bicycle access t activity centers. Cnsequently, the MTA places develpment f Class I and Class II facilities as equally imprtant, and encurages develpment f facilities that are designed as apprpriate, n a case-by-case basis, t attract significant numbers f cmmute and utilitarian trips. Regina/ Significance Frm the perspective f MTA funding, cnsideratin fr whether a prpsed bikeway facility is f reginal significance is a mre imprtant criteria than the type f facility per Page 13

19 Ls Angeles Cuntywide Bicycle Plicy Dcument Bicycle Planning se. Reginally significant bikeways are defined as thse which serve activity centers which are large scale r therwise imprtant frm a Cuntywide perspective and which prvide fr a cntinuus system f bikeways which cnnect adjacent cmmunities r crss jurisdictinal bundaries. Althugh the emphasis f the bicycle prgram in the early years needs t be n the additin f rute miles t the system, it is als essential that all prtins f the existing system remain safe and serviceable. Therefre, highest pririty needs t be given t recnstructin f damaged r ptentially unsafe rute segments, especially thse which culd render lnger stretches f the system unusable. (Hwever, recnstructin f adequately functining existing facilities t prvide enhancements shuld nt be a pririty given the need t add mileage t the system at this pint in time.) Reversin f Bicycle Facilities Class" and Class '" bicycle rutes are ften implemented when streets are widened r new streets are built. In certain cases, at sme future time when rad space is needed fr additinal traffic capacity, the bike lane is eliminated and reverts t n-street parking r a general traffic lane. This clearly creates prblems in maintaining a viable bicycle netwrk and is strngly discuraged by MTA. Funding fr Class" bicycle prjects will require lcal jurisdictins t guarantee n such reversin will ccur n the facility fr a minimum f 10 years. In cnsidering funding requests, MTA will give lwer pririty t funding requests fr prjects in areas where it is apparent that reversin f use has ccurred. 2. Objectives The fllwing prvides a listing f bjectives which MTA will prmte with regard t bicycle system planning and siting. Planning Prcess Objectives The MTA encurages cities t adpt and maintain bicycle master plans. It is recmmended that plans be updated every five years. Lcal jurisdictins are encuraged t invlve the MTA in bikeway planning and shuld submit their Draft Bikeway Plans t the MTA fr early review. Lcal jurisdictins are encuraged t refer t adpted bicycle plans when prpsing develper mitigatins, and implement prjects as apprpriate. System Planning and Siting Objectives The bicycle prgram shuld fcus n cst effective prjects that prvide access t activity centers, emplyment centers, retail centers, schls, Page 14

20 Ls Angeles Cuntywide Bicycle Plicy Dcument Bicycle Planning transit statins, and high density husing, in rder t accmmdate cmmute and utilitarian trips. MTA encurages cities t develp facilities in which signalizatin, turning mvements and ther radway amenities give cnsideratin t bicycle travel, and t prvide lcal incentives t develpers fr prvisin f bicycle amenities. MTA encurages jurisdictins t assure that any radway cnstructin r recnstructin prject n a rute where bicycle facilities appear in an adpted plan shuld incrprate implementatin f thse facilities. In allcating funding, MTA will review a jurisdictin's perfrmance with respect t reversin f bicycle facilities, and may place lwer pririties n funding requests frm jurisdictins with a significant histry f reversin. 3. I\IITA Plicies The fllwing specific plicies will be adpted by MTA in rder t implement thse plicies which directly pertain t MTA's rle in planning and funding f bikeway imprvements. MTA will require prjects submitted fr funding by lcal jurisdictins t be identified in an adpted lcal r reginal bicycle plan which generally cnfrms t the plicies stated in this dcument, and which prvides an apprpriate level f detail. The bicycle plan may appear either as a separate dcument r as a part f a General Plan r ne f its elements. (In the first five years f funding under this Plicy Dcument, this requirement will be waived if the jurisdictin is making prgress twards establishment f a cnfrming plan.) MTA will select and priritize prjects t be funded with reginal bikeway funds using prcedures which are cnsistent with this Plicy Dcument. Class III (bike rute) prjects are nt eligible fr Reginal Bikeway funding. Spnsring jurisdictins shall guarantee that bicycle facilities cnstructed using MTA funds will nt revert t nn-bicycle use fr a minimum f ten years. In the event the ten-year plicy is vilated, jurisdictins will agree t cnstruct a replacement facility using their wn funds, with apprval frm MTA staff, r return the mney t MTA. This will be enfrced thrugh the Memrandum f Understanding (MOU) between the jurisdictin and the MTA. MTA will assist lcal jurisdictins in the develpment f bicycle plans and prjects and will prvide technical assistance as well as cmments n draft plans submitted fr review. (Refer t Appendix D which summarizes the status f bikeway plans in all f the jurisdictins in Ls Angeles Cunty.) Page 15

21 Ls Angeles Cuntywide Bicycle Plicy Dcument Bicycle Planning MTA Bicycle Master Plans will identify a system f reginally significant bikeways. Lcal jurisdictins cntributing t the cmpletin f this system will receive credit under the Cngestin Management Prgram Cuntywide Deficiency Plan. B. Bicycle Ridership Data/Data Cllectin,. Backgrund Infrmatin/Plicy Issues Bth lcally and natinwide, insufficient data exists t adequately evaluate the effectiveness f investment in bicycle facilhies and prgrams and t fcus future investments. Additinal data is needed t determine the cntributin f individual prjects tward achieving cngestin relief gals and t estimate future usage f ther prpsed bicycle prjects and prgrams. In additin, transprtatin mdeling techniques have nt yet been develped that allw MTA t claim air quality benefits f individual bicycle prjects tward achieving verall air quality attainment gals fr the regin. In rder t begin t determine ridership vlumes n existing rutes and t gather data that culd help in the prjectin f future bicycle traffic, a crdinated and cmprehensive bicycle cunting prgram must be established. In rder t mve tward gathering this needed planning data, MTA will require basic data cllectin n bikeway imprvement prjects apprved fr funding by MTA. This will cnsist f ridership cunts befre and after prject implementatin, including 7-9 am and 4-6 pm perids n a typical weekday and 12 nn - 4 pm n a typical Sunday afternn, at a minimum. Unfrtunately, nt all data cllectin bjectives can be achieved slely thrugh statistics centering n funded prjects. The MTA encurages additinal studies t identify imprtant characteristics f bicycle usage thrughut Ls Angeles Cunty, such as seasnal, day f week, and time f day variatins, as well as adult versus juvenile use. Sme bicycle data cllectin effrts are already underway. Fr example, the City f Ls Angeles recently adpted a prgram in which any manual traffic cunts that are cnducted will include bicycle cunts. These manual cunts are, hwever, usually taken during mrning and afternn peak traffic perids, and nt n a daily basis. The San Dieg Assciatin f GVernments (SANDAG) cnducts a bicycle cunting prgram every tw years, which culd be a mdel upn which t build a Ls Angeles Cunty Prgram. The SANDAG prgram includes ver 30 "master statins" at which directinal am and pm peak perid bike cunts are cllected. In additin t the master statin lcatins, cunts are als cllected where new bike facilities are under cnsideratin r where jurisdictins have made specific requests fr cunts. Additinal weekend cunts are cllected by bike clubs. In additin t lack f infrmatin regarding ridership, a current tabulatin f the mileage f Class I, Class II and Class III facilities within Ls Angeles Cunty is nt available. (It is knwn that there are abut 175 miles f designated urban bike paths, 50 miles f designated muntain bike trails and mre than 210 miles f designated bike lanes, but Page 16

22 Ls Angeles Cuntywide Bicycle Plicy Dcument Bicycle Planning specific tabulatins by jurisdictin and data n the mileage f Class II and III facilities has nt been cmprehensively assembled.) The MTA Bicycle Master Plans which will be develped in each f six gegraphic areas need t address this data issue. The Ls Angeles regin needs t develp basic ridership statistics and frecasting data. T assist with this effrt, the MTA culd becme a clearinghuse fr bicycle cunts cnducted by lcal jurisdictins. In cnjunctin with the Suthern Califrnia Assciatin f Gvernments (SCAG) and Cmmuter Transprtatin Services (CTS), the MTA culd utilize such data t assist in the develpment f ridership frecast data fr Ls Angeles Cunty. The MTA culd als bring its wn expertise in TDM and TCM effectiveness t bear n the issue f bicycle travel frecasting. The ridership data and frecasting prcedures t be develped thrugh these effrts is critical t the evaluatin f prpsed bicycle facilities. This will supprt nt nly the priritizatin f bicycle prjects, but als the multimdal evaluatin f bicycle prgrams thrugh effrts such as the Cngestin Management Prgram Cuntywide Deficiency Plan. MTA Survey Data In Ls Angeles Cunty, accrding t the results f the Natinal Persnal Transprtatin Survey (NPTS) cnducted in 1990,40 percent f all bicycle trips made in the Cunty tk ten minutes r less. The 1990 NPTS results als shw that almst half (47%) f all autmbile trips tk ten minutes r less. An additinal 29 percent f aut trips tk minutes t cmplete. These aut trips culd be a primary target fr replacement by mre bicycle trips. In May f 1993, as a part f the preparatin f this plicy dcument, a survey f bicycle riders was cnducted within Ls Angeles Cunty. The data sught included the fllwing with regard t ridership data: Trip Type Trip Frequency Trip Time and Duratin Trip Distance Weekend vs. Weekday Travel In an effrt t determine the travel patterns f existing bicycle users, the surveys were distributed thrugh bicycling rganizatins, Emplyee Transprtatin Crdinatrs (ETCs) and by intercepting bicyclists n bicycle paths and trails. A ttal f 771 surveys were returned. A summary f sme f the ridership findings fllws, representing respnses frm a mix f frequent bicycle users (refer t Appendix C fr a reprt shwing survey results and the survey instrument). 69 percent f the respndents regularly use their bike fr cmmute trips, while 27 percent regularly use the bicycle fr shpping trips. Page 17

23 ls Angeles Cuntywide Bicycle Plicy Dcument Bicycle Planning 7 percent regularly use their bicycle fr schl trips and 78 percent regularly use their bike fr recreatin/fitness purpses. The wrk trip distances had a mean f 8.4 ne-way miles. This is lnger than the industry assumed value f five miles. Schl trips had a mean neway mile value f 7.7, while shp trips were 5.3 miles. The recreatin/fitness trips had a mean ne-way distance f 32.0 miles. When cnsidering the wrk trip respndents, 11 percent did nt usually have an autmbile available t them. 17 percent f the shp trip respndents did nt usually have an aut available t them while 24 percent f the schl trip respndents did nt have an aut available t them. 2. Objectives The MTA shuld take the lead in establishing a cuntywide bicycle cunting prgram similar t the ne run by SANDAG in San Dieg Cunty, r shuld as a minimum serve as a reginal clearinghuse fr such data. The MTA shuld establish a database listing the mileage f Class I, Class II and Class III rutes by jurisdictin. Such a database shuld ultimately be expanded t address the characteristics f each rute, including usage, ancillary facilities (i.e., illuminatin, call bxes, r amenities), verall pavement cnditin and identifiable deficiencies. The MTA shuld encurage all cities in the Cunty t include bicycle cunts in their traffic cunting prgrams and t ensure that bicycle data will be cllected when traffic cunts are cnducted in cnjunctin with traffic impact analyses fr new develpment prjects. MTA shuld pursue develpment f wrkable prcedures t frecast travel demand fr bikeways in Ls Angeles Cunty. 3. MTA Plicies The MTA will require that spnsrs f all bikeway prjects apprved by MTA fr funding submit bicycle cunt data fr existing cnditins, including 7-9 am and 4-6 pm perids n a typical weekday and 12 nn - 4 pm n a typical Sunday afternn, at a minimum, as well as similar bicycle cunts after the facility has been in place apprximately ne year. The MTA will act as a reginal clearinghuse fr bicycle cunt data cllected by lcal jurisdictins and maintain a cuntywide data file n bicycle usage. The MTA will establish a database t track data regarding rutes in the cunty and will seek t maintain the "vital statistics" n bikeways in the Cunty. Page 18

24 Ls Angeles Cuntywide Bicycle Plicy Dcument Bicycle Planning The MTA will wrk with reginal planning agencies such as SCAG t develp travel demand frecasting prcedures fr bikeways, fr use in system planning and prject funding applicatin evaluatin. C. Bicycle Facility - TOM Strategy,. Backgrund Infrmatin/Plicy Issues Transprtatin Demand Management (TOM) has been recgnized fr many years as a csteffective apprach fr reducing peak hur cngestin f highway facilities. In recent years, additinal impetus has been given t vehicular trip reductin due t the implementatin f Cngestin Management Plans (CMPs), which require establishment and maintenance f service level standards fr highway and transit systems, as well as thrugh implementatin f prgrams prpsed by the Air Quality Management District (AQMD) and aimed at air quality attainment. Lcal jurisdictins are therefre required t implement actins which will reduce peak perid and daily mtr vehicle trip generatin as well as the ttal vehicle miles traveled n highway facilities. Transprtatin Cntrl Measures At the reginal level, the MTA has develped a Cuntywide Phase II TOM prgram describing a wide range f Transprtatin Cntrl Measures (TCM's) which cnstitute specific actins r strategies available fr cnsideratin by lcal agencies t reduce reliance n the drive-alne autmbile and encurage use f alternate travel mdes. Included in these TCMs are fur that address bicycle use and facilities: Accmmdatin f Bicyclists and Walkers thrugh Prvisin f Bicycle and Pedestrian Imprvements; Bicycle Subsidies; Bicycle and Pedestrian Imprvements Cmbined with Bicycle Lckers at Transit Statins and Park and Ride Lts and Aggressive Marketing; Walking and Bicycle Subsidy with Parking Charge. The primary cnsideratin when evaluating bicycle prgrams fr air quality and trip reductin benefits is whether they have a utilitarian r recreatinal fcus. T attain emissins and trip reductins, bicycle prgrams/prjects must attract peple wh traveled previusly by mtr vehicle, particularly thse driving by themselves. This is significant, because it is the decrease in vehicle trips, nt the increase in bicycling, which prduces air quality and trip reductin benefits. It shuld be nted that utilitarian trips include thse trips t recreatinal destinatins. The distinctin is made between trips which wuld therwise require anther frm f Page 19

25 Ls Angeles Cuntywide Bicycle Plicy Dcument Bicycle Planning transprtatin (utilitarian) and thse which are taken purely fr the fitness benefits r the pleasure f cycling (recreatinal). Fr example, if a trip t a recreatinal area requires the trip maker t strap his bicycle t the back f his car, it is a utilitarian trip. The subsequent scenic r fitness ride is recreatinal. Regardless f the destinatin, trips made by autmbile create emissins and may cntribute t cngestin, and reductin f autmbile trips is the gal f Transprtatin Cntrl Measures. In rder t assess whether a prgram/prject has a bicycle cmmute fcus, the fllwing factrs need be assessed: Prximity t Wrksites and Activity Centers Reginal and Lcal Trip Characteristics Trip Reductin Ordinances and Their Requirements. VMT Reductin Calculatins After prpsed prjects have been determined t be useful fr wrk- r utilitarian-riented bicycle cmmuting, further evaluatin can help t determine the ptential impact that a bicycle prgram can have n reducing vehicle trips. Techniques t quantify the effectiveness f bicycle transprtatin cntrl measures (TCMs) n reducing vehicle trips, vehicle miles traveled (VMT) and air pllutin have been prepared by the MTA as a part f the Transprtatin Demand Management Prgram 6. The MTA methdlgy has been apprved by the Suthern Califrnia Assciatin f Gvernments (SCAG) and is being used in the Reginal Mbility Plan. In additin, the Suth Cast Air Quality Management District has accepted this apprach t assist lcal jurisdictins in implementing TDM measures t meet respnsibilities mandated in the Air Quality Management Plans. The methdlgy, which is included in the TDM Prgram, prvides lcal jurisdictins with a quantifying methd t estimate expected VMT reduced based n investment. The calculatins are based n findings frm a review f the Regulatin XV database, as f September 1992, and the results f case studies and ther research frm arund the natin. Emissin Reductin Calculatins In respnse t the Federal Cngestin Mitigatin and Air Quality (CMAQ) Prgram Guidelines, the Caltrans Divisin f Transprtatin Prgramming has develped a methdlgy fr estimating bicycle ridership increases and emissin reductins resulting frm bicycle facility imprvements. The Secnd Annual Reprt, dated January 31, 1994, prvides infrmatin cmpiled by FHWA frm varius surces. This infrmatin is cntained in Appendix F. 6 TDM Phase /I Prgram, Part 1-3c, prepared by Sarah Siwek and Hasan M. Ikhrata, Ls Angeles Cunty Metrplitan Transprtatin Authrity (MTA), January 6, Page 20

26 Ls Angeles Cuntywide Bicycle Plicy Dcument Bicycle Planning 2. Objectives Based upn the demnstrated cst-effectiveness f bicycle-related strategies and prvisins, TOM prgrams shuld include a bicycle cmpnent. Pririty shuld be placed n funding bikeway imprvements which are expected t prvide the greatest trip reductin and air quality benefits and thse which are cmpatible with the bicycle-related TCMs in the MTA TOM Prgram. 3. MTA Plicies Bicycle cmmuters shuld be given financial incentives at least equal t emplyee prvided parking subsidies currently given t mtrists. MTA will prvide technical assistance t cities wishing t include bicycle related Transprtatin Cntrl Measures in their Trip Reductin Plans. The MTA will cntinue t assemble data frm Transprtatin Management Organizatins t establish mnitring prvisins and define the linkages between bicycle travel and TOM effectiveness. The MTA encurages cities and emplyers t prvide incentives fr emplyees t bicycle t wrk. The MTA encurages jurisdictins t incrprate provisins recgnizing cnstructin f bicycle facilities as a measure in trip reductin rdinances r as mitigatin fr new develpment. D. Bicycle/Transit System Linkages 1. Backgrund Infrmatin/Plicy Issues Multimdal transprtatin planning, as its name implies, invlves numerus transprtatin mdes perating as a system. S that an effective transprtatin system can be prvided, attentin must be given t each transprtatin mde. Mre imprtantly, bicycle travel, when used in cnjunctin with transit, can reduce the need fr aut access trips t transit statins that require the prvisin f parking facilities. Part f multimdal planning fr bicycles and transit can ccur thrugh prvisin f bicycle facilities prviding access t statin areas and park and ride lcatins. In this cntext, a transit statin becmes a significant activity generatr that shuld be taken int accunt in the siting and priritizatin f bikeways. Other aspects f the bicycle-transit linkage invlve the prvisin f bicycle parking at transit statins and cnsideratin fr bringing bikes n bard transit vehicles. The lw cst f lckers (fr regular cmmuters) and racks (fr ccasinal riders) makes prvisin f Page 21

27 ls Angeles Cuntywide Bicycle Plicy Dcument Bicycle Planning bicycle parking an affrdable investment in statins where they can be accmmdated n site. The bjectives f such multimdal planning are t reduce aut access trips and parking, and t increase transit patrnage. Flding Bicycles T ensure passenger safety, the MTA des nt allw standard bicycles n bard MTA buses. Hwever, with the recent prliferatin f cllapsible r "flding" bicycles that fit snugly int a prtective carrying case, MTA will allw patrns t carry flding bicycles n bard buses, prvided they are securely and cmpletely cvered and prvided they d nt exceed certain dimensins. In general, flding bicycles n bard buses shuld resemble carry-n baggage and may nt present an incnvenience r pssible hazard t bus patrns. Bicycle Racks n Buses MTA buses are nt equipped t carry standard bicycles. The lne exceptin is the Rute 130 Pilt Prgram perating n Artesia Bulevard frm Hermsa Beach t Fullertn. Bicycles are transprted n exterir carrier racks lcated n the frnt bumper. This requires a permit. MTA's experience with this trial service has been mixed. When additinal buses, "trippers," are added t the fleet t serve varying demand levels, r when designated vehicles are ut f service due t mechanical difficulties, buses withut racks may be used n Rute 130, impsing delays n bicyclists. There have been incidents in which bicycles were left n racks after the bus departed frm a stp, due t errr by the bus driver r patrn. The -Rute 130 Pilt Prgram has nt been successful, This is in part due t sme peratinal difficulties, and in part due t lack f demand. Sme lcatins, such as recreatinal areas (Lake Tahe) r smaller metrplitan areas (Phenix) have prvided racks n all vehicles, thereby aviding many f the prblems. In respnse t numerus requests fr expanded bus rutes equipped with bicycle racks, MTA staff is currently analyzing the effrts and successes f ther peratrs in the natin, including Phenix, t determine whether a new pilt prgram might be successful in the Ls Angeles area. Factrs t be cnsidered include mdern bike rack technlgy, cst effectiveness, maintenance and perating csts, demand estimates, passenger and vehicle safety, and maintaining existing service levels. Upn cmpletin f the analysis, MTA staff will present its findings t the MTA Operatins Cmmittee and the Bus Operatins Subcmmittee. If a new, expanded bike-n-bus prgram appears desirable, staff will make apprpriate recmmendatins fr implementatin, phasing, and funding. Metrlink Cmmuter Trains Presently, Metrlink statins d nt have design requirements mandating bicycle amenities, including parking. Hwever, sme cities are installing lckers and racks at Metrlink Page 22

28 Ls Angeles Cuntywide Bicycle Plicy Dcument Bicycle Planning statins. Metrlink trains allw tw bicycles per car inside the passenger cmpartment. Permits are required. Park and Ride Adequate bicycle parking at Park and Ride facilities will accmmdate dual-mde trips in which cmmuter cyclists may transfer t r frm the bus r rail system t cmplete their jurneys. Existing lckers at Park and Ride lcatins are nt adequately maintained and are nt placed in apprpriate numbers t meet varying demand at each Park and Ride site. Other jurisdictins, ntably Washingtn Metrplitan Area Transprtatin Authrity (WMATA) and Caltrans District.11 (San Dieg), have successful bicycle parking prgrams in which bicycle parking facilities are mved frm ne lcatin t anther based n demand. Rail Rapid Transit Standard bicycles are allwed t bard Metr Blue and Red Line trains. Permits are required. Bicycles are nt allwed t bard between the hurs f 6-9 a.m. and 3-7 p.m. n weekdays due t safety factrs such as cnditins f crwding. Similar arrangements are being cnsidered fr all Metr Rail lines and line extensins. T minimize cnflict between bicyclists and ther patrns, rules abut elevatr and statin access and placement r bicycles n bard trains have been develped. MTA will allw patrns t carry flding bicycles n bard Metr Rail cars, prvided they are securely and cmpletely cvered and prvided they d nt exceed certain dimensins. Bicycle parking areas, including bth lckers and racks, are currently being installed at Blue Line Park and Ride facilities, and bicycle parking facilities are included in selected Green Line statin and Gateway Center area plans. Existing Red Line statins will be retrfitted with bicycle parking as well, as space permits. Ideally, bicycle parking shuld be situated as clse t the statin prtal as ride-sharing facilities. Bth lckers and racks shuld be prvided, as they serve different bicycling ppulatins. Racks are prvided free f charge and serve the needs f infrequent riders r thse wh are willing t risk a certain degree f expsure t theft and vandalism. Lckers are reserved spaces serving bicycle cmmuters and are leased t riders fr three mnths t a year. Permits are required. Cin key lcks are expensive t purchase, have maintenance prblems in utdr sunny lcatins, and invite vandalism. Based n experience f ther jurisdictins, ntably Caltrans District 11, MTA will prvide standard lckers instead f cin-key lckers. Permit Requirements Bus and rail patrns wh wish t bard MTA vehicles with their bicycles must btain a permit frm MTA in advance. Althugh the permit requirement may discurage ccasinal users and limit "spur f the mment" trips, the permits ensure that cycling patrns Page 23

29 Ls Angeles Cuntywide Bicycle Plicy Dcument Bicycle Planning understand and agree t abide by the rules that are designed t ensure the cmfrt and safety f passengers. Specific MTA rules and regulatins pertaining t bicycles are prvided t permit applicants, and appear in Appendix J. MTA bicycle permit prcedures generally cnfrm t thse f ther transit peratrs in the United States. 2. Objectives Preference shuld be given t funding bikeway prjects that prvide access t transit statins. Any existing rail r transit statins and Park and Ride facilities shuld have, r be retrfitted with, bicycle strage lckers and/r racks within view f persnnel emplyed at the statins. If pssible, bicycle parking facilities shuld be placed at least as clse t the statin prtals r bus bays as shared aut parking facilities. Design f new statins shuld include prvisin fr bicycle strage (refer t Sectin III, Design Standards, fr recmmended parking ratis). Administratin f lckers at transit statins shuld be crdinated by MTA's Cycle Express lcker permit prgram. Bicycle parking lckers shuld be prvided at all Park and Ride lts. Caltrans District 7, wh administers the prgram fr Park and Ride lts, shuld be encuraged t use bicycle parking prgrams successful in ther gegraphic areas as a mdel fr building a successful bicycle parking prgram in District 7. The MTA shuld cnsider prviding bicycle racks n MTA buses if it can be determined that a successful prgram can be develped. Cnsideratins shuld include nt nly cst and ridership, but safety, maintenance, funding pprtunities, physical handling, and the pssible effects n MTA service bjectives. 3. MTA Plicies The MTA will retain the prvisins fr bikes n bard MTA Metr Rai/lines, and will adpt similar prvisins fr subsequent additins t the Metr Rail system. The MTA will direct the Rail Cnstructin Crpratin t amend the statin design criteria t include a requirement fr and standards t accmmdate bicycle parking at rail statins and bus transit centers, as space permits. The recmmended rate f bicycle parking is ne space fr every fifty autmbile parking spaces. The minimum number f spaces at any transit statin shuld be ten. As the demand fr lckers and racks will vary at each lcatin, the prprtin f lckers t racks shuld be determined by demand. Page 24

30 Ls Angeles Cuntywide Bicycle Plicy Dcument Bicycle Planning The MTA will establish a prcedure by which the apprpriate MTA Planning staff will review preliminary engineering plans f statins fr cnfrmity with the standards. The MTA will develp a staged prgram, as funding and space permit, t retrfit existing Metr Rail statins and bus transit centers with bicycle parking. The MTA will recmmend t the SCRRA that similar prvisins be prvided n the IVletrlink system. The MTA will wrk with Caltrans t prvide bicycle parking facilities at all existing and/r prpsed Park and Ride lts. Bicycle parking will remain an eligible use f discretinary funding prvided by MTA in the TDM categry. Bicycle racks fr buses will remain an eligible use f discretinary funding prvided by MTA in the TDM categry. Recgnizing that the pilt prgram n Rute 130 has nt been successful, MTA may discntinue this service but may ffer t make existing racks available t anther transit peratr within the regin which may be able t utfit a larger prprtin f its fleet with racks. Standard bicycles are nt permitted n bard MTA buses. Patrns wh wish t lad bicycles n MTA bus racks r n bard Metr Rail trains must btain a permit frm MTA. The lcker prgram at Metr Rail statins will be crdinated and administered by MTA's "Cycle Express". Flding bicycles are permitted n bard MTA buses, at the drivers' discretin, prvided they are enclsed in an apprpriate carrying case and cnfrm t certain dimensin requirements. The MTA will investigate prviding bicycle lckers, racks, and shwers at its new headquarters building, and will perfrm the installatin if apprpriate. The MTA will investigate whether a currently unused shwer facility lcated n the 9th flr f the 818 Headquarters can be made available fr the use f MTA emplyees. Page 25

31 Ls Angeles Cuntywide Bicycle Plicy Dcument Bicycle Planning E. Rle f Bicycle Advisry Cmmittees 1. Backgrund Infrmatin/Plicy Issues The creatin f a successful bicycle plan and prgram entails many cmpnents. One f the mst imprtant is input frm the public. The success f a bicycle plan and prgram can be greatly enhanced thrugh the participatin f citizens. A specialized cmmittee f bicycling advcates can be frmed t prvide expert pinin frm cyclists expected t use the facilities. This cmmittee, typically called a Bicycle Advisry Cmmittee (BAC) can prvide advice t agencies that have the ability t implement bicycle prgrams and plicies. Citizen input will allw the plan, as develped, t be mre respnsive t lcal needs. A BAC can be delegated numerus respnsibilities, including the three fllwing primary bjectives: 1.) Crdinate Existing Plans/Prgrams 2.) Identify and Prvide Impetus fr New Prgrams r Bikeway Prjects 3.) Secure Public Input and Participatin in Plan/Prgram Develpment BAC's are usually established at the lcal level. Fr example, the City f Ls Angeles BAC is ne f the larger bicycle advcacy grups in the regin. In this cntext, BACs are instrumental in supprting the planning prcess which begins at the lcal level (as described in Sectin III.A). Therefre, establishment f BACs lcally within the regin is imprtant t supprt develpment f bicycle facilities. It shuld be nted that Ls Angeles Cunty des nt presently have a BAC. Appendix G prvides a full descriptin f the need, purpse, cmpsitin and peratin f a BAC and can be used as a guideline t the establishment f new BACs within Ls Angeles Cunty. This Plicy Dcument envisins the rle f MTA as ne f crdinating cuntywide bicycle planning, funding, and develpment f bicycle facilities f reginal significance. In this cntext, the MTA needs t establish and implement planning and funding plicies, be a clearinghuse fr data and infrmatin regarding bicycle facilities, and becme a repsitry f technical expertise available t thse such as lcal jurisdictins and TMAs charged with planning and implementatin f bicycle prgrams. 2. Objectives Lcal jurisdictins within the Cunty are encuraged t frm Bicycle Advisry Cmmittees and t actively invlve them in all aspects f bicycle facilities develpment, including having BAC members serve as "Prject Mnitrs" fr specific prjects undertaken within the lcality. MTA shuld frm a permanent Bicycle Task Frce which will prvide a stafflevel frum fr exchange f infrmatin regarding all aspects f implementatin f bikeway facilities within the regin. Page 26

32 Ls Angeles Cuntywide Bicycle Plicy Dcument Bicycle Planning 3. MTA Plicies The MTA's Technical Advisry Cmmittee will establish a standing Bicycle Task Frce cmpsed f transprtatin prfessinals frm agencies, TMAs, and bicycling rganizatins within Ls Angeles Cunty. An effrt will be made t ensure that the cmmittee is cmpsed in a manner t ensure adequate gegraphic representatin and t ensure participatin f active cyclists. The MTA Special Task Frce fr Bicycle Plicy, which served in the creatin f this Plicy Dcument, will be used as the basis fr the frmatin f this cmmittee. The MTA will encurage lcal jurisdictins requesting funding frm MTA fr bikeway prjects t have a Bicycle Advisry Cmmittee r sme defined prcess fr crdinating existing lcal plans and prgrams and fr btaining citizen input int the bicycle planning prcess. Page 27

33 Ls Angeles Cuntywide Bicycle Plicy Dcument Design III. Design A. Caltrans Bikeway Design Standards 1. Backgrund Infrmatin/Plicy Issues This sectin addresses bikeway gemetric design standards. The bikeway design standards generally in use thrughut Califrnia and Ls Angeles Cunty are thse specified in the Califrnia Department f Transprtatin State Highway Design Manual (HDM). The Caltrans HDM defines bikeways as all facilities that prvide primarily fr bicycle travel. The term bikeway includes bicycle paths, bicycle lanes and bicycle rutes. The Caltrans HDM classifies and defines these bikeways as fllws: Class I Bikeway (Bike Path) - A right-f-way cmpletely separated frm any street r highway fr bicycle travel. Class II Bikeway (Bike Lane) - A striped lane fr ne-way bike travel n a street r highway. Class III Bikeway (Bike Rute) - A travelway shared by bicycles and mtr vehicles r pedestrian traffic, designated by signs nly. Design standards attempt t prvide fr safe peratins in the bikeway. Such standards address the space required by the cyclist, user characteristics, minimum widths, clearances, gradient, radway curvature, design speed, parking, signing, striping treatments, surface, maintenance and drainage. The design standards cntained in the HDM are applicable t all bicycle facilities cnstructed r recnstructed after July 1, The HDM identifies three levels f standards: Mandatry Standards -- Thse elements cnsidered mst essential t achievement f verall design bjectives, Advisry Standards -- Standards which are imprtant but which allw greater flexibility in applicatin t accmmdate design cnstraints r t be cmpatible with lcal cnditins, Permissive Standards -- Other standards which are desirable but nt required fr the attainment f the verall design. In rder t prmte unifrm practice n a statewide basis, design features r elements which deviate frm the mandatry standards indicated in the HDM must be apprved by the Chief. Office f Prject Planning and Design, r by a lcal Caltrans Prject Develpment Crdinatr t which authrity t grant apprval has been delegated (refer t Appendix H fr the address), Page 28

34 Ls Angeles Cuntywide Bicycle Plicy Dcument Design A brief summary f key design prvisins indicated in the HDM fllws (the full text f the manual shuld be cnsulted in the design f a particular facility). These prvisins indicate minimum standards, and cities are encuraged t exceed these minimum guidelines when individual circumstances warrant r allw additinal design features. Class I Bikeways (Bike Paths) Widths - Tw-way bike path minimum paved width is eight feet. Minimum paved width fr ne-way bike path is five feet. A minimum tw ft wide graded area shall be prvided adjacent t the pavement. Clearance t Obstructin - A minimum tw-ft hrizntal clearance t bstructins shall be prvided adjacent t the pavement. The clear width n structures between railings shall be nt less than eight feet. The vertical clearance t bstructins acrss the clear width f the path shall be a minimum f eight feet. Signing and Striping - A yellw centerline stripe may be used t separate ppsing directins f travel. Intersectins with Highways - The mst favrable intersectin cnditins shuld be selected. Where mtr vehicle crss traffic and bicycle traffic is heavy, grade separatins are desirable. When grade separatins are nt feasible, assignment f right-f-way by traffic signals shuld be cnsidered. Stp r yield signs fr bicyclists may suffice when traffic is nt heavy. When crssing an arterial street, the crssing shuld usually ccur at the pedestrian crssing. Separatin Between Bike Paths and Highways - Bike Paths immediately adjacent t streets and highways are nt recmmended. Hwever, if a bike path is installed clser than five feet frm the travelway, a physical barrier must be installed t prevent bicyclists frm encraching n the radway. Bike Paths in the Medians f Highways - As a general rule, bike paths in the medians f highways are nt recmmended because they require mvements cntrary t nrmal rules f the rad. If such mvements can be avided r designed fr, then the bike paths may be cnsidered. Design Speed - The minimum design speed fr bike paths shall be 20 mph except n bike paths where dwngrades exist that are lnger than 500 feet with grades exceeding fur percent (4%). Fr thse facilities with lng steep dwngrades, the minimum design speed shall be 30 mph. Installatin f "speed bumps" shall nt be used. Page 29

35 Ls Angeles Cuntywide Bicycle Plicy Dcument Design Hrizntal Alignment and Superelevatin - The recmmended curve radii and superelevatin fr varius design speeds are thse recmmended in the Caltrans HDM. Stpping Sight Distance - Minimum stpping sight distances fr varius design speeds and grades are thse recmmended in the Caltrans HDM. Length f Crest Vertical Curves - Minimum lengths f crest vertical curves are thse recmmended in the Caltrans HDM. Lateral Clearance n Hrizntal Curves - Minimum lateral clearance recmmendatins are thse recmmended in the Caltrans HDM. Grades - The maximum grade rates shuld be five percent. Steeper grades can be tlerated fr segments up t 500 feet in length. Sustained grades shuld be limited t tw percent (2%). Structural Sectin - The structural sectin f a bike path shuld be designed in the same manner as a highway. Principal lads will nrmally be frm maintenance and emergency vehicles. A minimum pavement thickness f tw inches (2") f asphalt cncrete is recmmended. Increased pavement life can be gained by increasing the asphalt cntent. Drainage - T ensure prper drainage, the surface f a bike path shuld have a crss slpe f tw percent (2%). Slping in ne directin is the preferred practice. Bike paths cnstructed n the side f a hill may require a drainage ditch n the uphill side. Barrier Psts - When barrier psts are determined t be necessary t prevent mtr vehicles frm entering, care shuld be taken t assure that the barriers are highly visible and wei! marked fr day and night visibility. Class II Bikeways (Bike Lanes) Class II Bikeways, called bike lanes, shall be ne-way facilities. nt permitted. Tw-way bike lanes are Widths - Bike lane width minimums vary depending n parking cnditins and curb types. Where parking is allwed and parking spaces are marked, the bike lane shall be five feet (5') wide as measured frm the edge f the striped parking stalls. Where parking is permitted withut parking stripes n stalls, the curb lane shall be a minimum f 11 feet (with rlled curb) and a minimum f 12 feet (with vertical curb). These dimensins allw fr the parking and bike travel t ccur within the minimum width. Bike lanes shall nt be placed between the parking area and the curb. Page 30

36 Ls Angeles Cuntywide Bicycle Plicy Dcument Design The mst desirable cnditin fr bike lanes is n streets where parking is prhibited. The minimum bike lane width is fur feet (with the ne-ft gutter) and five feet with a tw-ft gutter. Additinal width fr the bike lane is desirable. A typical mtr vehicle lane next t a bike lane is 12 feet, but under favrable cnditins, an 11 ft lane may be feasible. Bike lanes shuld be placed n the right hand side f ne-way streets t avid frcing bicyclists and mtrists t make crssing maneuvers when turning left nt a tw-way street. Striping and Signing - Raised barriers r raised pavement markings shall nt be used t delineate bike lanes. The Caltrans HDM shuld be used t determine apprpriate striping and signing fr bikeways. Intersectin Design - Since mst aut/bicycle accidents ccur at intersectins, bikeway design at intersectins shuld cncentrate n minimizing mtrist and bicyclist cnfusin. Bicycle Sensitive detectrs within a bike lane shuld be cnsidered at actuated signal cntrlled intersectins. Class III Bikeways (Bike Rutes) Class III Bikeways (bike rutes) are intended t prvide cntinuity t a bikeway system and are primarily used fr cnnectin frm neighbrhhds t Class I r Class II bikeways. On these facilities, bicycles share space with mtr vehicles n the street. Wherever pssible, bike rutes shuld therefre be placed n streets in which the curb lane exceeds the minimum width prvided fr mtr vehicles. On-Street Bike Rute Criteria - Bike rutes shuld be signed nly if sme f the fllwing apply: Designated rutes will prvide fr thrugh and direct travel in bicycledemand crridrs, The rutes will cnnect discntinuus segments f bike lanes, Effrt is made t adjust traffic cntrl devices t give greater pririty t bicyclists, Street parking has been remved r restricted in areas f critical width, Street imperfectins r irregularities have been crrected, Maintenance f the rute will be at a higher standard than that f ther cmparable streets. Page 31

37 ls Angeles Cuntywide Bicycle Plicy Dcument Design Sidewalk Bikeway Criteria - The designated use f sidewalks as a Bike Rute is generally cnsidered unsatisfactry. Restrictins fr sidewalk use are prvided in the Caltrans Vehicle Cde. 2. Objectives The fllwing bjectives shuld be pursued within Ls Angeles Cunty. Bikeway Design Criteria shuld be thse cntained in the latest versin f the Califrnia Department f Iransprtatin HDM. Apprval f nnstandard design shuld fllw the prcedures identified in the Caltrans HDM. Bike paths shuld be designed in cnjunctin with separately funded landscape and urban design elements MTA Plicies MTA shall require that all prjects cnstructed with Reginal Bikeway funds be designed t Caltrans standards. Applicants shuld fllw prcedures indicated in the Caltrans HDM fr prjects with design exceptins frm mandatry standards. Agreement by the MTA t fund facilities cntaining dcumented design exceptins shall nt be cnstrued as an apprval f such designs. B. Additinal Bikeway Design Elements 1. Backgrund Infrmatin/Plicy Issues T address lcal cnditins r cncerns, sme lcal jurisdictins have adpted enhancements t Caltrans standards. Fr example, cities may cnsider prviding wider bicycle lanes than are required, r right and/r left-hand turn pckets fr cyclists. In this sectin, sme suggested design enhancements are highlighted, and recmmended guidelines are prvided in sme areas nt yet addressed in the HDM, including parking, shwers, and bicycle bulevards. Access Barriers The staff f Ls Angeles Cunty has designed a barrier t cntrl access t Class I bike paths. This design is included in the Department f Public Wrks Bk f Standard Plans, available frm the Ls Angeles Cunty Department f Public Wrks. 7Refer t Appendix I fr a list f ptential funding surces. Page 32

38 Ls Angeles Cuntywide Bicycle Plicy Dcument Design Striping Treatment The City f Ls Angeles has suggested t Caltrans that instead f a mandatry 200 feet f dashed bike lane lines in advance f every intersectin encuntered, a reductin t 96 feet shuld be cnsidered t reflect the clser spacing f intersectins in the urban envirnment. The latest versin (July 1993) f the Bikeway Planning and Design chapter f the Caltrans HOM prvides that this distance may range frm 100 t 200 feet. Dual Use Trails The Caltrans HOM states that dual use f bike paths by pedestrians and bicycles is undesirable and the tw shuld be separated wherever pssible. This cnflict arises alng sme f the bike paths prvided alng the beach areas in Ls Angeles Cunty and is further exacerbated by "rllerbladers". The MTA Task Frce participating in the develpment f this dcument cncluded that if widths f at least 14 feet can nt be prvided in areas where these types f uses are prevalent, then separate facilities shuld be prvided. It is, fr safety reasns, undesirable fr pedestrians and "rllerbladers" t use a bike path withut prviding the additinal width. Class" Lanes Adjacent t On-street Parking Where parking is permitted adjacent t Class" lanes, and parking demand is light, the City f Ls Angeles recmmends that a 4-inch slid parking lane line be cnsidered t discurage mtrists frm using this as a travel lane if n vehicles are parked. Safety and Security Features Jurisdictins may cnsider additinal features nt specified in the Caltrans HOM. These features include prvisin f milepst markers, destinatin signs, and call bxes, illuminatin, and landscaping. Hwever, separate standards exist fr all f these features and shuld be fllwed when such features are included in a bikeway prject. Prvisin f signage, call bxes and illuminatin imprves the security f bike paths and plicies regarding such features are included in Sectin IV, Part 0, f this dcument. Bicycle-Sensitive Lp Detectrs Bicycle travel alng bike lanes n lw-vlume radways can be delayed at actuated traffic signals at majr crss streets where there are n prvisins fr cyclists t trip the signal. Bicycle-sensitive lp detectrs shuld be prvided, and are encuraged as part f lcal agencies' rutine lp detectr replacement. Rubberized Rail Crssings Rubberized rail crssings shuld be cnsidered where cyclists are expected t crss railrad tracks. Bicycles shuld crss at a right angle t the tracks. Page 33

39 Ls Angeles Cuntywide Bicycle Plicy Dcument Design Landscaping Landscaping is cnsidered an amenity. Fr this reasn, nly incidental r essential landscaping shuld be funded frm bikeway cnstructin funds. Separate funding, such as State Envirnmental Enhancement and Mitigatins funds, r Intermdal Surface Transprtatin Efficiency Act (ISTEA) Transprtatin Enhancement Activities (TEA) prgrams, recreatin and park funds, r ther surces shuld be used fr prjects which incrprate large amunts f landscaping. Bike Parking The HDM des nt address bicycle parking. Hwever, the Oregn Department f Transprtatin has identified standards fr parking which address the basic requirements: 8 Bicycle parking facilities shuld either be lckable enclsures in which the bicycle is stred, r secure statinary racks which supprt the frame s the bicycle cannt be pushed r fall t ne side in a manner that will damage the wheels. Bicycle parking spaces shuld be at least 6 feet lng and 2.5 feet wide and verhead clearance in cvered spaces shuld be at least 7 feet. A five ft aisle fr bicycle maneuvering shuld be prvided and maintained beside r between each rw f bicycle parking. Bicycle racks r lckers shuld be securely anchred at the surface r a structure. Lcal jurisdictins have established varius levels f parking requirement fr bicycles tied t the size and type f land use which is being develped: The City f Ls Angeles requires, in Ordinance N amending Sectins 12.2 and f the Ls angeles Municipal Cde and adding Sectin t the Cde that new buildings in C and M znes with flr area greater than 10,000 square feet shall prvide bike parking at a rate f 2% f the car parking spaces. This requirement als applies t all buildings wned and used by the City f Ls Angeles, regardless f zne. Ls Angeles Cunty rdinance number M requires that bicycle parking (racks r lckers) shall be prvided t accmmdate fur bicycles per the first 50,000 square feet f nn-residential develpment and ne bicycle 8 Bicycle Parking Facilities. a Surce Bk f Designs, Oregn Department f Transprtatin, Transprtatin Develpment Branch, Systems Planning Sectin, December Page 34

40 Ls Angeles Cuntywide Bicycle Plicy Dcument Design per each additinal 50,000 square feet f nn-residential develpment r fractin theref. Pasadena, Califrnia requires three spaces fr every 200 emplyees. Irvine, Califrnia requires three bike parking spaces fr every 250 emplyees and five spaces fr every site f 400 emplyees r mre. Cmmunities knwn fr their emphasis n bicycling have mre extensive requirements. The City f Davis, Califrnia, has established the fllwing standards fr new develpment: I Land Use Multi-family Residential Cmmercial Municipal Offices, Parks, Swimming Pls, Museums & Auditriums Places f Emplyment I Bicycle Parking Requirement Tw spaces per dwelling unit Bicycle parking equal t 30% f the required aut parking Bicycle parking equal t 30% f the required aut parking One bicycle space fr every tw emplyees during the heaviest wrk shift Bulder, Clrad and Pal Alt, Califrnia als knwn fr their bicycle prgrams, require a parking standard f ten percent (10%) f ff-street autmbile requirements. In Bulder, the requirement is reduced t five percent (5%) f the ff-street autmbile requirements after 50 bike spaces have been prvided. Althugh bike lckers prvide the mst secure type f parking, lckers are generally prvided n a permit basis and therefre d nt prvide fr nn-recurrent trips. In rder t accmmdate ccasinal trips, racks which can be used with cable r chain lcks carried by bicyclists shuld be prvided in cnjunctin with lckers. Bicycle parking cdes typically d nt address the rati f racks t lckers. Hwever, autmbile parking can be used as a mdel: Within aut parking, the prprtin f stalls designated fr visitrs (Le., stalls designated t accmmdate ccasinal trips) ranges frm a lw f 20 percent fr residential and ffice uses t a high f abut 80 percent fr retail uses. Similar prprtins f the ttal bicycle parking supply can be allcated t racks fr similar land uses, with the balance f the supply prvided as lckers. Shwers Prvisin f shwers at wrk places is ne element f TOM prgrams which include the use f bicycles and may be required in develpment agreements negtiated with develpers. Surveys f frequent bicycle users cnducted in cnjunctin with develpment Page 35

41 Ls Angeles Cuntywide Bicycle Plicy Dcument Design f this plicy dcument indicated that current users d nt believe prvisin f shwers will be a majr factr encuraging bicycle use. Furthermre, the missin f MTA is t prvide transprtatin system imprvements and services. Fr these reasns, it is nt recmmended that MTA fund such ancillary facilities frm bikeway cnstructin funds. Bicycle Bulevards Bicycle bulevards are lcal streets with restricted vehicle access that encurage bicycling and walking with limited cnflict with autmbile traffic. Innvative designs have been implemented in the cities f Berkeley and Pal Alt, and creative variatins f this cncept may result nt nly in increased bicycle activity but imprved urban and neighbrhd cnditins. New and Recnditined Radways In additin t Caltrans HDM standards which relate t facilities prvided specifically fr the use f bicycles, lcal agencies may adpt radway standards that will encurage bicycle use n radways nt specifically designated fr bicycle travel. Fr example, cities may develp and adpt minimum standards fr new and redevelped streets, including thse in hillside develpments, that prvide fr wide curb lanes. The City f Ls Angeles endeavrs t design its new streets and radways t prvide the maximum available curb width fr cyclists. This is accmplished by mving excess vehicle Jane width, median width, turning pcket width, sidewalk width, etc., t the curb lane as apprpriate t prvide additinal safety and cmfrt fr cyclists. The city des a similar analysis and design when streets are restriped r resurfaced. By using this practice, the City f Ls Angeles cntributes t the available netwrk f safe bicycle rutes with minimal additinal expenditure. Many jurisdictins in Ls Angeles Cunty may want t cnsider adpting plicies f this nature. 2. Objectives The fllwing bjectives shuld be pursued within Ls Angeles Cunty. Access t Class I facilities shuld use the design standard cntained in the Ls Angeles Cunty Department f Public Wrks Standard Plans. Bicycle system maps indicating milepst lcatins shuld be prepared and such maps shuld be prvided t emergency respnders. 9 Bike paths intended fr cmmuter use shuld include illuminatin in the design f the prject. 9 grefer t Sectin IV.B, Bicycle Security/Enfrcement fr specific MTA plicies which address these bjectives. Page 36

42 Ls Angeles Cuntywide Bicycle Plicy Dcument Design Bike paths shuld be designed in cnjunctin with separately funded landscape and urban design elements. 10 Bike paths shuld be designed t accmmdate bicycles nly and pedestrian use is discuraged; in areas where pedestrians and rllerbladers are anticipated, bike paths shuld be at least 14 feet wide t allw fr use by each f these mdes. Class II bikeway prjects shuld include the prvisin f bicycle sensitive lp detectin at actuated traffic signal lcatins. Where inadequate pavement width in rural cnditins precludes installatin f bike lanes, cnsideratin shuld be given t prvisin f a wide shulder r curb lane suitable fr bicycle use. Lcal jurisdictins shuld prepare and implement bicycle access and parking standards fr new develpment prjects. MTA encurages lcal agencies t adpt plicies r implement practices that prvide maximum width n curb lanes fr new and recnditined radways. 3. MTA Plicies MTA will make illuminatin f reginal bike paths which are anticipated t carry significant numbers f cmmute r utilitarian trips an eligible use f Reginal Bikeway funds. MTA will make landscaping, which is an integral part f reginal bike paths, up t a limit f five percent f the bike path prject cst, an eligible use f Reginal Bikeway funds nly when it is included as a cmpnent f the bikeway's cnstructin. Bikeway landscaping as a stand-al.ne prject will nt be cnsidered an eligible use f Reginal Bikeway funds. Sme csts assciated with implementatin f reginally significant bicycle bulevards, including signage and traffic restrictin devices, are eligible expenditures f Reginal Bikeway funds. lorefer t Appendix I fr a list f ptential funding surces. Page 37

43 Ls Angeles Cuntywide Bicycle Plicy Dcument Prgrams IV. Prgrams A. Bicycle Safety Prgrams 1. Backgrund Infrmatin/Plicy Issues Safety fr bicycles invlves design, educatin, and adherence. Facilities which utilize prper design standards prvide fr a safe bicycling envirnment. MTA's primary rle in bicycle safety is thrugh funding f reginal bikeways which are up t current standards fr facility design. Bicycle safety prgrams are generally prvided t yung cyclists. MTA funds the "Travis the Owl" safety prgram. The City f Ls Angeles has prvided a bicycle safety prgram fr a number f years thrugh TDA Article 3 funds and ther funding surces. The Cunty f Ls Angeles has recently added a bicycle safety prgram. Hwever, TDA regulatins include a cap f 5 percent fr all reginal safety prgrams, and with the Cunty participatin in additin t full funding f the City f Ls Angeles prgram, the 5 percent cap will becme a limitatin. Bicycle safety educatin fr children and adults, fr cyclists and mtrists, is a necessary cmpnent f an effective bicycle prgram. Hwever, given limited funding, a tradeff exists between enhancing safety educatin and prviding imprved bicycle facilities. The apprpriate level f funding fr each prgram activity is best decided at the lcal level, taking cmmunity input int cnsideratin. MTA therefre supprts eliminatin f the existing five (5) percent reginal cap n safety educatin funding frm TDA Article 3 in Ls Angeles Cunty, s that cities may chse as apprpriate amng eligible expenditures f. TDA funds. Given the current funding cntext fr the bikeway prgram, cst savings may need t be realized t allw expansin f the educatinal prgrams. Savings may be achieved thrugh cnslidatin f verlapping prgrams. The MTA Ad Hc Cmmittee n Safety prvides an existing frum t cnsider such issues. 2. Objectives 3. MTA Plicies MTA and lcal jurisdictins shuld crdinate and assure the prvisin f bicycle safety prgrams and disseminatin f infrmatin. The MTA will supprt leglislatin which will eliminate the present five percent reginal cap n safety educatin funding frm TDA Article 3 fr Ls Angeles Cunty. Page 38

44 Ls Angeles Cuntywide Bicycle Plicy Dcument Prgrams MTA staff will research and prvide recmmendatins t the Ad Hc Safety Cmmittee regarding the cnslidatin f bicycle safety prgrams and the funding f same. The MTA will wrk with the Ls Angeles Cunty TRAFFIC Cmmittee t develp and expand its Safety Cmmittee's plicies n bicycle safety. The MTA will prvide safety tips fr bicyclists n bicycle system maps. B. Bicycle Security/Enfrcement 1. Backgrund Infrmatin/Plicy Issues Security issues regarding bicyclists and their bicycles center upn Class I facilities, enfrcement and patrl, and the availability f prper bike strage lckers and/r racks at rigin and destinatin pints. Bike paths are separate frm street and sidewalk rights-fway which are rutinely patrlled by law enfrcement fficers in patrl cars r n ft. Pints f access are limited and significant prtins f the rutes are islated frm the surrunding urban envirnment, making it difficult t put in calls fr help. In additin, it is difficult fr respnders t lcate incidents which d ccur due t the lack f crssstreets, milepsts, r ther identifying features. Fr these reasns, it is recmmended that milepst markers, destinatin r lcatin signs, and call bxes be installed alng Class I facilities. A call bx spacing f miles wuld prvide cyclists with a five minute access time and shuld be implemented if funding permits. In additin, bicycle rute maps indicating the milepst lcatins shuld be prepared and prvided t emergency respnders. (Althugh call bxes are mst ften assciated with highway facilities, they have been installed in a wide range f lcatins including park and ride lts, campuses, pedestrian malls and hiking paths.) Similarly, illuminatin can imprve the security f bike paths which are in use after dark. In accrdance with the emphasis n cmmute and utilitarian trips, illuminatin shuld be prvided fr thse paths which are expected t be used by cmmuters returning hme after dark. Illuminatin n recreatinal paths is an amenity which shuld nt be funded with Reginal Bikeway funds. It shuld be nted that the MTA des nt wn r perate any Class I bike paths and has n lcal enfrcement jurisdictin. Clearly, as a transprtatin agency, it is in MTA's interest t supprt increased patrl and enfrcement alng bike paths and the pssibility f prvisin f bike patrl fficers merits cnsideratin. Certain jurisdictins (the City f Inglewd fr example) use bicycle patrl fficers fr parking enfrcement. Such fficers culd patrl bike paths. The prvisin f certain security facilities, such as bicycle lckers and racks, needs t be researched in cnjunctin with funding availabilities. Licensing f bikes culd be ne lcal surce f funding fr security prgrams. Private develpment prjects shuld be required, wherever feasible and prudent, t prvide bicycle strage facilities. Page 39

45 Ls Angeles Cuntywide Bicycle Plicy Dcument Prgrams Prvisin f secure bicycle parking is an aspect f security which can be addressed by MTA thrugh prvisin f lckers and racks at rail transit statins which it develps. (Refer t Sectin II, Part D, "BicyclelTransit System Linkages" fr specific plicies.) 2. Objectives Call bxes, destinatin r lcatin signs and milepst markers shuld be installed n Class I bikeways. Milepst lcatins shuld be indicated n bicycle rute maps and such maps shuld be prvided t dispatchers and emergency respnders. Illuminatin shuld be prvided n Class I bikeways which are suitable fr cmmute and utilitarian trips. (Refer t Sectin III.A, Design Standards, fr applicable plicy.) Lcal jurisdictins shuld assign patrl fficers (preferably n bikes) t bike paths. (Security patrls are nt an eligible use f Reginal Bikeway funds.) Bikeway designs and peratinal arrangements shuld prvide fr emergency access. 3. MTA Plicies Installatin f call bxes n Class I trails is an eleigible expenditure f Reginal Bikeway funds. MTA will endeavr t identify additinal utside funding surces fr patrls n bike paths and call bxes fr Class I trails. Technlgy, placement, standards, and respnse crdinatin fr call bxes remain t be determined. C. Bikeway Maintenance Prgram 1. Backgrund Infrmatin/Plicy Issues Bicyclists agree that maintenance f bike lanes and streets signed as bike rutes are very imprtant t the safety aspects f bicycle travel. Maintenance f bike paths fr purpses f prviding a smth riding surface is equally imprtant. Prblems fr bicyclists are caused by uneven match f the pavement where it meets the gutter, sltted crss gutters, gratings, radway depressins, debris caused by the sweeping actin f cars, water n the pavement and deterirated pavement. Fr Class II and Class "' bikeways, maintenance ccurs as a part f the rutine maintenance fr the radway which cntains the bikeway facility. The sweeping, frm curb t curb, is imprtant in rder that debris caused by auts is remved. The prvisin f a pavement verlay must take care t "feather" the verlay t the pavement gutter s as nt t create a ridge that will be hazardus t bikeway travel. Maintenance prjects, such as a pavement verlay, prvide an pprtunity t mdify drainage grates s that the Page 40

46 Ls Angeles Cuntywide Bicycle Plicy Dcument Prgrams slts are perpendicular t the radways, nt parallel. Drainage grates with slts parallel t the directin f travel create a ptential prblem fr the cyclist, as the bicycle wheels may get caught in the grate. N universally accepted standards currently exist fr maintenance f bike paths. A survey f bike path maintenance frequencies was cnducted as a part f a maintenance audit cnducted in 1992 by the Ls Angeles Cunty Transprtatin Cmmissin. 11 Several cities were surveyed as t maintenance type and prcedures. The results f thse surveys are shwn n Table Vlume One, Analysis f Bikepath Maintenance - Csts and Service Levels, Hughes, Heiss and Assciates, December 10, 1991, Revised April 6, Page 41

47 Ls Angeles Cuntywide Bicycle Plicy Dcument Prgrams Table 1 Survey f Maintenance Frequencies n Bike Paths Jurisdictin Linear Path Litter Surface Repair Striping Weeding/Landscaping Miles Sweeping Cntrl Davis, CA 24.5 By cmplaint 12 hurs As needed Annually Weeding - Annually as needed per week Herbicide - Annually n 12% f path Duarte, CA 1.5 Weekly Weekly As needed Every third Weeding - 4 times per yr year Herbicide - 4 times per yr Tree Trim - Every 4th yr MwlTrim - Weekly East Bay t 6 times Peridic As needed As needed As needed Reginal per year Park District (Bay Area) Eugene, OR 25 Mnthly in Weekly in As needed Every ther Weeding in summer, Other summer; as summer year as needed needed therwise Lng Beach, 4 3 times in 10 hurs/ As needed (pathway is As needed N/A beach path CA summer; 2 week cncrete, nt asphalt) times per week therwise Madisn, WI 20 Once a year As Overlay year Every 2-3 As needed and by needed cycle. Other as years in cmplaint needed heavy travel Orange 185 Weekly As Overlay r slurry majr Annually Weeding - Mnthly Cunty, CA needed prgram dne every 5 Herbicide - Annually years. Other as Tree Trim - Annually needed San Dieg, 17 Six times per Six times Overlay - 15 year Annually Weeding - 6 times per yr CA year and by per year cycle. Other as Herbicide - 2 times per yr cmplaint needed Tree Trim - As needed Seattle, WA 10 As needed Daily As needed N/A Weeding - Daily Other - As needed areas Surce: Vlume One, Analysis f Bikepath Maintenance Csts, and Service Levels; Hughes, Heiss and Assciates, December 10, 1991; Revised April 6, 1992 Page 42

48 Ls Angeles Cuntywide Bicycle Plicy Dcument Prgrams In previus years, MTA has funded maintenance f selected reginal bike paths in Ls Angeles Cunty. In 1992, in respnse t cncerns regarding specific csts f bike path maintenance in Ls Angeles Cunty, as well as the City f Ls Angeles, MTA perfrmed a study f maintenance prcedures and csts. The results f this audit are available frm MTA. It shuld be recgnized that, as the bikeway system appraches cmpletin, the maintenance needs will increase and eventually exceed the investment in new facilities. At the same time, the current system shuld be viewed as nly partially cmplete. Fr this reasn, it is anticipated that, ver the next ten years, the emphasis in use f reginal bikeway funds will remain n cnstructin f new facilities. After this initial phase (perhaps ten years frm nw), MTA will need t cnsider prvisin f significant levels f supprt fr maintenance f the reginal system. Ultimately (perhaps twenty years frm nw), when the system is largely cmplete, mst f the funds will be expended in maintenance functins. In accrdance with this plicy backgrund, MTA needs t assure prvisin f adequate maintenance t new bikeways develped in early years using reginal cnstructin funds. This can be accmplished by requiring prject prpnents t implement a Pavement Management System (PMS) in cnjunctin with new bike paths. The PMS can be develped alng the lines f such systems which are used fr lcal radways and wuld include prvisins fr visual inspectin f bike paths n a regular basis leading t a characterizatin f the quality f the traveled way surface and verall cnditin f the facility including ancillary features such as signage, striping and structures. Cmmitment t perfrm apprpriate pavement maintenance activities (such as slurry seal, spt repairs, restriping and signage replacement) in respnse t the visual inspectin wuld cnstitute a cmplete PMS package. 2. Objectives Minimum rutine maintenance standards shall be prduced fr bike paths. The minimum maintenance standards fr bikeways will be as fllws: Minimum Sweeping Drainage Grate Clearance Surface Repair, Slurry Seal Vegetatin Cntrl Striping Once per week Once per week As needed As needed As needed, r nce per year Page 43

49 Ls Angeles Cuntywide Bicycle Plicy Dcument Prgrams Signage Strm Repair, Cleanup Litter Pick up Graffiti Remval As needed As needed Once per week As needed Class I facilities shall be develped in cnjunctin with a Pavement Management System (PMS) which addresses the lnger-term maintenance f quality f the traveled way, as well as ancillary features f such facilities. It is MTA's bjective t ensure that any maintenance funds awarded in the future ut f discretinary Reginal Bikeway funds will supplement rather than replace existing expenditures fr maintenance currently made at the lcal level. Cities may expect that any subsequent plicy revisins which enable cities t claim funds fr bicycle facilities maintenance will be accmpanied by a requirement fr assurances f maintenance f effrt. 3. MTA Plicies MTA will require lcal jurisdictins requesting reginal bikeway funds t agree t implement a Pavement Management System (PMS) fr Class I bikeways and t perfrm apprpriate maintenance activities identified by a visual inspectin as a cnditin f funding new reginal bikeways. The MTA will expect that the current level f maintenance f bike paths within the City and Cunty f Ls Angeles will be cntinued at the current level, using lcal funds. In the future, as the Cuntywide netwrk is nearing cmpletin, MTA will recnsider the reginal maintenance needs and may increase the funds prvided t lcal jurisdictins fr maintenance f bike paths. D. Bicycle Marketing 1. Backgrund Infrmatin/Plicy Issues Marketing and prmtin f alternative frms f transprtatin is necessary in the current persnal transprtatin arena which is dminated by the drive-alne autmbile. This fact has been recgnized by MTA and Caltrans. which have established varius prgrams t prmte use f the rail and bus systems and ther cmmute alternatives and is a specific missin f Transprtatin Management Agencies (TMA's) that wrk with emplyers and emplyees t encurage and mnitr participatin in Transprtatin Demand Management (TOM) prgrams aimed at reducing aut trip generatin. Page 44

50 Ls Angeles Cuntywide Bicycle Plicy Dcument Prgrams Prmtin f bicycle travel can range frm prviding infrmatin t direct effrts t prmte use f bicycles fr cmmute and utilitarian purpses. Examples f infrmatin which culd be prvided include: Benefits Imprved Persnal Health Emplyer Subsidies Cst Savings Reduced Radway Cngestin Imprved Air Quality Facilities Bikeways Bicycle Parking Facilities Shwers "Hw T" Aspects Rules f Rad Obtaining Lckers Transit Rules and Permit Requirements MTA's primary rle in the marketing f the cuntywide bicycle prgram shuld be in assembling useful infrmatin and materials fr distributin thrugh apprpriate channels t cmmuters interested in cycling. These materials, including maps, psters, pamphlets, etc., can be ruted thrugh the existing netwrk f TMA's, rideshare rganizatins, and transit marketing utlets. Additinal infrmatin is needed t determine the reasns peple chse their cmmute alternatives, and MTA has a rle in determining peple's attitudes tward its services and prgrams. With an eye tward making transit and cycling mre attractive as cmmute alternatives, MTA shuld seek t determine what additinal features and services, including expanded hurs fr cyclists, parking and strage facilities, and ther transit system linkages, can be added t its existing bus, rail, and highway prgrams t reduce users' reliance n the single-ccupant vehicle. Cmmuter Transprtatin Services, AQMD, TMA's, and ther rganizatins wh rutinely prvide data n mde-split and cmmuter preferences can be enlisted t assist with this effrt. Additinal marketing pprtunities exist in which the MTA and lcal jurisdictins can prmte bicycling as a fun and healthful transprtatin mde. Althugh MTA's primary fcus in the bicycle prgram is transprtatin rather than recreatinal cycling, MTA recgnizes that prmting cycling in any frm will encurage new riders t jin the sprt. These new riders may, in turn, chse t ride their bicycles rather than drive their cars fr cmmute and utilitarian trips. MTA may therefre assist ther agencies and nn-prfit Page 45

51 Ls Angeles Cuntywide Bicycle Plicy Dcument Prgrams rganizatins frm time t time in spnsring r crdinating prmtinal cycling events, including rides, rallies, r races. 2. Objectives TOM prgrams develped fr the regin shuld include bicycle elements which shuld include the fllwing: Identificatin f the rle f bicycles in gal attainment, "Hw t" aspects fr use f bicycles fr cmmute trips, Mnitring prvisins t identify the participatin level f bicycle cmmuting. Data cllectin techniques that will assist MTA and ther agencies in identifying additinal bicycle prgram pprtunities. The existence f bikeways serving high-density cmmercial znes and ther. trip attractrs such as clleges and universities shuld be publicized. This shuld include updating f bikeways maps n a regular basis (minimum f every five years fr lcal jurisdictins). Ancillary facilities including lckers, racks, and shwers shuld be made available t candidate bicycle users wh may be interested in becming bicycle cmmuters.. 3. MTA Plicies The I\I1TA bicycle prgram will act as a clearinghuse fr infrmatin which can be disseminated thrugh pre-existing channels fr prmting and marketing use f bicycles fr utilitarian and cmmute trip making. MTA staff will crdinate with reginal TMAs t assemble and disseminate infrmatin which can be used t dcument the effectiveness f, and increase the rle f bicycling in prgrams designed t reduce aut tripmaking. The I\I1TA will update the cuntywide bikeway map a minimum f every five years. The MTA will strngly encurage lcal jurisdictins t prepare a bikeway map and t update such map frequently. Page 46

52 Ls Angeles Cuntywide Bicycle Plicy Dcument Funding v. Funding A. Bicycle Funding Surces 1. Backgrund Infrmatin/Plicy Issues Until the passage f Prpsitin C, the nly dedicated funding surce in Ls Angeles Cunty fr bicycle and pedestrian facilities came frm the Transprtatin Develpment Act, Article 3. This legislatin, als knwn as SB 821, dedicates 2% f the TDA fund t cnstructin and maintenance f bicycle and pedestrian facilities. Based n ppulatin, Ls Angeles Cunty receives apprximately $3.5 t $4.5 millin each year. These funds are administered by the MTA, which has adpted reginal TDA Article 3 guidelines in additin t State guidelines. Befre FY , MTA plicy divided the TDA Article 3 pl int tw prgrams: Lcal Apprtinment (60%) and Reginal Bikeway Funds (40%). Lcal Apprtinment was allcated t the cities and Cunty based n their ppulatins, and culd be used fr lcal bicycle and pedestrian facility prjects, including repair and maintenance f ff-street bikeways. Reginal Bikeway funds w~re allcated n a discretinary basis, t be used fr cnstructin, majr recnstructin, r ff-street bikeway maintenance f specific reginal facilities cnstructed prir t FY With the passage f Prpsitin C, additinal funding became available t the Reginal Bikeway Prgram. As a result f this additinal funding, the MTA revised its TDA Article 3 plicy in FY , designating all f the TDA Article 3 mney as lcal funding t be distributed by frmula, and reserving the Prpsitin C earmarked funds, which cme frm the 25% f streets and highways cmpnent f Prp C, t serve as the funding surce fr the discretinary Reginal Bikeway Prgram. The increase in TDA funding t lcalities has resulted in an increase in the amunt f mnies available fr cnstructin and maintenance at the lcal level and will prvide mre than adequate resurces t maintain the existing system and newly added rutes in the near term future. The change was made t allw cities mre flexibility in develping lcal rutes and prgrams, which will cmplement the reginal system. The TDA Article 3 funds, administered by the MTA, are distributed t lcal jurisdictins based upn a frmula. These funds are intended fr design and cnstructin f bicycle and pedestrian facilities f lcal r reginal significance, and fr the maintenance and peratins f bth lcal and reginal facilities. These funds are primarily used by the lcal jurisdictins fr the design and cnstructin f Class II, n-street bikeways, curb cuts fr wheelchair access, signage f Class III, signed bike rutes, and maintenance f these Page 47

53 Ls Angeles Cuntywide Bicycle Plicy Dcument Funding facilities. Other uses include cyclist amenities and lcal bicycle prgrams. TOA Article 3 funds are an eligible lcal match fr requests fr Prpsitin C and ISTEA funds. 12 The Reginal Bikeway Prgram is administered by the MTA thrugh the Prpsitin C/ISTEA Call fr Prjects funding prcess. This prgram is intended fr capital utlays required fr the design and cnstructin f bicycle lanes and paths f reginal significance. This funding is cmplemented by TOM funds which can prvide fr cyclist amenities (such as lckers and racks). In view f recent reductins in Prpsitin C mnies available, it is imprtant t fcus thse funds n cnstructin and maintenance f bikeways and t lk t additinal funding surces, either frm within MTA r frm ther agencies, fr ancillary prject items such as landscaping and call bxes. In additin t these funds administered by MTA which are earmarked fr bicycle imprvements, a variety f ther funding surces culd ptentially be tapped t fund bikeway facilities r prtins f bikeway prjects. Appendix I presents a list f these surces which were identified by the Sacrament Area Cuncil f Gvernments and ther agencies. 2. Objectives MTA shuld cntinue t administer funding earmarked fr bicycles s that separate pts f mney are available at the lcal level and at the reginal level fr cnstructin and maintenance f bikeway facilities. MTA shuld acknwledge that the increase in lcal mnies earmarked fr bicycle prgrams which ccurred in FY will allw lcalities t assume the burden f maintenance f bikeways fr the next ten years. The funding f ancillary facilities such as lckers, shwers and racks thrugh TOM funds separate frm the reginal bikeway cnstructin funds shuld cntinue. MTA shuld encurage lcal jurisdictins t explre funding and implementatin pprtunities fr bicycle facilities thrugh the Cngestin Management Prgram, thrugh mitigatin measures fr develpment prjects, and thrugh pursuit f ther funding surces including lcal tax dllars and utside surces. 12While MTA des nt require a lcal match fr prpsed reginal bikeway prjects, lcal jurisdictins may prvide a lcal match t elevate the pririty f the prpsed prject. Page 48

54 Ls Angeles Cuntywide Bicycle Plicy Dcument Funding 3. MTA Plicies MTA will cntinue the existing practice f dividing the pt f mnies earmarked fr bicycle prgrams and administered by MTA int a lcal share allcated by frmula and a reginal share awarded thugh the annual Call fr Prjects s that bikeways can be develped at the lcal level while at the same time rutes f reginal significance can be built. Maintenance f bikeways is the respnsibility f lcal jurisdictins and is nt an eligible use f Reginal Bikeway funds. The present TDA Article 3 guidelines, with regard t maintenance, will be retained. The MTA will prvide technical assistance t lcal jurisdictins with regard t funding applicatins fr federal r state prgrams. B. Bicycle Funding Pririties 1. Backgrund Infrmatin/Plicy Issues The apprval by the vters f Prpsitin C made pssible cnsideratin f an expanded bicycle prgram, including the pprtunity t fund bikeways f reginal significance. Bicycling fr cmmute and utilitarian trips is an imprtant new fcus fr the bicycle prgram, and MTA needs t be place an emphasis n cnstructin f new facilities which can serve this purpse. Within the cntext f develpment f new facilities, it is expected that emphasis will be placed n bike lanes (Class II facilities) at the lcal level, where such imprvements can be mandated in the designated street crss sectins and funded thrugh lcally cntrlled surces f funding such as the TDA Article 3 lcal share mnies. Therefre, it fllws that reginal bikeway funding shuld fcus n develpment f bicycle facilities that are f reginal significance and which can servl:3 significant numbers f cmmute and utilitarian trips. At the same time, data needs t be cllected t determine the magnitude and ridership attracted t bicycle facilities develped with reginal funds s that the success f this plicy can be re-assessed after new mileage has been cnstructed. The additinal funding which is prvided by Prpsitin C can be used t expand the bicycle system within the cunty, and at present time there is adequate funding fr maintenance f existing facilities. Hwever, as mre and mre rutes are added t the system, the maintenance needs will increase. Therefre, the issue f priritizing maintenance dllars ut f Prpsitin C funding r setting aside a specified reginal cntributin t maintenance shuld be revisited sme time in the future when a significant amunt f mileage has been added t the present system. The shrtfall f funds within Prpsitin C and subsequent cuts which have been made in the funding f the bikeway prgram requires fr the near term that MTA will need t fcus its effrts n cnstructin and maintenance f bikeways rather than becme Page 49

55 Ls Angeles Cuntywide Bicycle Plicy Dcument Funding cmmitted t incurring n-ging peratinal csts assciated with use f bikeways such as safety prgrams, marketing, and ther activities nt directly assciated with expansin f the system. Reginal Bikeway awards are intended t assist cities in implementing cst-effective bicycle system imprvements, and nt t supplement funding surces fr radway imprvements fr mtr vehicles. MTA will therefre endeavr t limit reversin f bicycle facilities t general mtr vehicle use. MTA's Cngestin Management Prgram Deficiency Plan specifies that imprvements receiving CMP credit must remain in peratin fr at least three years r CMP credit will be withdrawn. Further, n credit may be Claimed fr any radway prject which eliminates transit, bicycle r pedestrian facilities unless cmparable replacements are prvided. In additin, bicycle imprvements cnstructed using MTA funds must remain in peratin fr at least ten years r MTA funding will be withdrawn. 2. Objectives MTA shuld mdify the current priritizatin f prjects funded with reginal bikeway mnies t implement the plicies cntained in this dcument with respect t bikeway develpment. MTA shuld mnitr the "vital statistics" f the bikeway prgram, including the uses f funds, cst f cnstructin, cst f maintenance, and use f facilities s that funding pririties can be adjusted t reflect n-ging cnditins. 3. MTA Plicies MTA will update funding allcatins fr the bicycle prgram and will mdify the prject funding criteria t reflect the prvisins f this plicy dcument, specifically including: Bikeway Prgram Pririties The fllwing plicies will guide the priritizatin f prjects submitted fr funding with reginal discretinary funds. The MTA's highest pririty is the remedy f significant safety deficiencies n existing rutes. Hwever, the additin f new mileage t the Cuntywide system is a higher pririty than enhancements t the existing system. MTA will emphasize cnstructin f new facilities in the near term ver funding lcal maintenance r ther bicycle prgrams. MTA will fcus reginal discretinary funding resurces first n prviding new facilities befre funding enhancements r imprvements t existing Page 50

56 Ls Angeles Cuntywide Bicycle Plicy Dcument Funding facilities. Hwever, MTA may prvide funding fr recnstructin f facilities f reginal significance which have significant safety deficiencies, r which wuld therwise becme unserviceable r unsafe withut majr renvatin, r which need majr recnstructin t retain the existing system mileage. MTA will endeavr t cmplete funding f partially funded bicycle facility segments befre cmmitting funding t new prjects. MTA will attempt t prgram discretinary funds t pursue cnstructin f a system f bikeways f reginal significance. The selectin f facility type (bike path vs. bike lane) will be a secndary cnsideratin, taking int accunt available right-f-way, cst, vehicular traffic, safety and rutings which are applicable t the varius bicycle facility types under cnsideratin. Reginally significant bikeways are defined as thse which: Serve activity centers which are large scale r therwise imprtant frm a cuntywide perspective; and which prvide fr a cntinuus system f bike rutes which cnnect adjacent cmmunities r crss jurisdictinal bundaries. With respect t the type f bicycle facility, MTA will give pririty credit t cst effective prjects which can demnstrate a relatinship t activity centers, emplyment centers, retail centers, schls, transit statins, and high density husing, in rder t accmmdate cmmute and utilitarian trips. Bikeway Facility Funding Requirements In additin t having a high pririty rating, MTA will place the fllwing requirements n lcal jurisdictins which receive MTA discretinary funds fr bikeway prjects (see the apprpriate sectin f this dcument fr details): The prpsed bikeway shall be designated in an adpted lcal r reginal plan. Spnsring jurisdictins shall prvide assurance that bikeway prpsals have been reviewed fr cmpliance with identified standards. Spnsring jurisdictins shall agree t maintain the facility in perpetuity and t implement a Pavement Management System fr bike paths. Page 51

57 Ls Angeles Cuntywide Bicycle Plicy Dcument Funding Spnsring jurisdictins shall guarantee that bicycle facilities cnstructed using MTA funds will nt revert t nn-bicycle use fr a minimum f ten years. Spnsring jurisdictins shall prvide befre and after bicycle cunt data. Page 52

58 Ls Angeles Cuntywide Bicycle Plicy Dcument Funding AAAEvide Page 53

59

60 Ls Angeles Cuntywide Bicycle Plicy Dcument Appendices VI. Appendices Page 53

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62 Ls Angeles Cuntywide Bicycle Plicy Dcument Appendices Appendix A. Definitin f Key Terminlgy The fllwing glssary prvides a definitin f key terms used in bicycle planning. Bicycle - A vehicle.having tw tandem wheels, prpelled slely by human pwer, upn which any persn r persns may ride. Bicycle Bulevards - Streets designed t limit r prhibit mtr vehicle traffic, using barriers r ther design elements, in rder t enhance bicycle safety and enjyment. Bicycle Facilities - A general term denting imprvements and prvisins made by public agencies t accmmdate r encurage bicycling, including parking facilities, bikeways and shared radways nt specifically designated fr bicycle use. AQMD - Air Quality Management District BAC - Bicycle Advisry Cmmittee Bike Lane - A striped lane fr ne-way bike travel n a street r highway. Bike Path - A right-f-way cmpletely separated frm any street r highway fr bicycle travel. Bike Rute - A travelway shared by bicycles and mtr vehicles r pedestrian traffic, designated by signs nly. Bikeway - All facilities that prvide primarily fr bicycle travel. Caltrans - Califrnia Department f Transprtatin Class I Bikeway - A bike path (see definitin abve). Class II Bikeway - A bike lane (see definitin abve). Class III Bikeway - A bike rute (see definitin abve). Clearance, Lateral - Width required fr safe passage f a bicycle as measured in a hrizntal plane. Cmmuter/Utility Cyclist - An individual(s) wh uses a bicycle primarily t reach a particular destinatin fr practical purpses, such as t purchase r deliver gds and services, r t travel t and frm wrk r schl. Messengers are classified as utility cyclists. Page A-1

63 ls Angeles Cuntywide Bicycle Plicy Dcument Appendices Cngestin Management Prgram (CMP) - A state-mandated prgram which requires the mnitring and mitigatin f increased cngestin n reginal highway rutes and transit systems. In cnjunctin with participating in the prgram, mnies are available fr lcal transprtatin prgrams. Crss Sectin - Diagrammatic presentatin f the right-f-way prfile which is at right angles t the centerline at a given lcatin. CMP - Cngestin Management Prgram CTS - Cmmuter Transprtatin Services ETC - Emplyee Transprtatin Crdinatr FHWA -Federal Highway Administratin Grade Separatin - Vertical islatin f travelways thrugh use f a structure s that traffic crsses withut interference. HOM - Highway Design Manual Highway - A general term denting a public way fr purpses f vehicular travel, including the entire area within the right-f-way. ISTEA - Intermdal Surface Transprtatin Efficiency Act Mde Split - Percentage f trips that use a specific frm f transprtatin. mde split indicates that 1% f trips are made by bicycle. A 1% bicycle Mtr Vehicle - A vehicle that is self-prpelled r designed fr self-prpulsin. MOU - Memrandum f Understanding MTA - Ls Angeles Cunty l\iietrplitan Transprtatin Authrity NPTS - Natinal Persnal Transprtatin Survey Pavement Marking - Painted r applied line(s) r legend placed n any bikeway surface fr regulating, guiding r warning traffic. Pedestrian - A persn whse mde f transprtatin is n ft. bicycle" becmes a pedestrian. A persn "walking a PMS - Pavement Management System Recreatinal Cyclist - An individual wh uses a bicycle fr the trip enjyment itself. Ultimate destinatin may be f secndary imprtance. Page A-2

64 Ls Angeles Cuntywide Bicycle Plicy Dcument Appendices Reversin - Prcess by which facilities funded and built specifically fr bicycle use are remved r cnverted t nn-bicycle r mixed use. Right-Of-Way - The right f ne vehicle r pedestrian t prceed in a lawful manner in preference t anther vehicle r pedestrian. Als, the strip f land ver which a transprtatin facility is built. RMP - Reginal Mbility Plan Radway - The prtin f the highway fr vehicle use. Rules f the Rad - That prtin f a mtr vehicle law which cntains regulatins gverning the peratin f vehicular and pedestrian traffic. SANDAG - San Dieg Assciatin f Gvernments SCAG - Suthern Califrnia Assciatin f Gvernments SCRRA - Suthern Califrnia Reginal Rail Authrity Shared Radway - A type f bikeway where bicyclists and mtr vehicles share the same radway. Shulder - A prtin f a highway cntiguus t the radway that is primarily fr use by pedestrians,bicyclists, and emergency use f stpped vehicles. Sidewalk - The prtin f a highway r street designed fr preferential r exclusive use by pedestrians. Sight Distance - A measurement f the cyclist's visibility, unbstructed by traffic, alng the nrmal path t the farthest pint f the radway surface. TCM - Transprtatin Cntrl Measure TDA - Transprtatin Develpment Act TDM - Transprtatin Demand Management TEA - Transprtatin Enhancement Activities TMA - Transprtatin Management Agency TMO - Transprtatin Management Organizatin. Als knwn as Transprtatin Management Agency (TMA). Page A-3

65 ls Angeles Cuntywide Bicycle Plicy Dcument Appendices Traffic Cntrl Devices - Signs, signals r ther fixtures, whether permanent r temprary, placed n r adjacent t a travelway by authrity f a public bdy having jurisdictin t regulate, warn r guide traffic. Traffic Vlume - The given number f vehicles that pass a given pint fr a given amunt f time (hur, day, year). Transprtatin Cntrl Measures (TCM's) - Refers t specific actins and strategies identified r selected in prgrams such as air quality cmpliance r cngestin management which are intended t reduce mtr vehicle tripmaking r vehicle miles traveled within peak demand perids r n a daily basis. Transprtatin Demand Management (TOM) - Generally refers t plicies, prgrams and actins that are directed twards increasing the use f high ccupancy vehicles (transit, carpling and vanpling) and the use f bicycling and walking. TOM als includes activities that encurage telecmmuting and cmpressed wrk week schedules as an alternative t driving. Travelway - Any way, path, rad r ther travel facility used by any and all frms f transprtatin. Trip - Transprt f a persn and/r gds between tw pints. Each "trip" is assciated with tw "trip ends" which are the rigin and destinatin f travel. Trip Reductin - Generally synnymus with TOM (see definitin abve). Vehicle - Any device in, upn r by which any persn r prperty is r may be transprted r drawn upn a public highway and includes vehicles that are self-prpelled r pwered by any means. VMT - Vehicle Miles Traveled. Page A-4

66 Ls Angeles Cuntywide Bicycle Plicy Dcument Appendi~es Appendix B. Planning Level Cst Factrs Bikeway Cnstructin Class I (Bike Paths): Ttal prject cst ranges frm $200,000 t $2,000,000 per mile. planning purpses, a cst f $1,500,000 fr mile shuld be used, including right-f-way. Fr Nte that at $25/sf the right-f-way cst fr a 12' prject width wuld be abut $1,600,000 per mile, therefre prject specific infrmatin n the prpsed ttal width and right-f-way cst shuld be cnsidered wherever pssible. Class II (Bike Lanes) Fr planning purpses, $35,000 per mile (fr 2-way travell shuld be used fr prject cst fr stiping nly. Add an additinal $70,000 per mile t add paving fr additinal shulder width in existing right-f-way. Nte that purchase f additinal right-f-way wuld substantially increase the prject cst. Fr example, at $25/sft, the right-f-way fr 5' wide lanes in bth directins is $1,300,000 per mile. Class III (Bike Rutes) Fr planning purpses, $10,000 per mile allwance fr signage shuld be used. Surce: Krve Engineering, Ls Angeles Cunty Department f Public Wrks, LACMTA. Ancillary Features Parking Bicycle lckers range in cst frm $350 t $1,300 (per bike). Fr planning purpses, $750 per lcker shuld be assumed fr the cst f the lcker and an equal amunt fr installatin. Bicycle racks range in cst frm $50 t $120 fr simple nes requiring chains r wire rpes up t $200 - $300 fr cmplex units with integral prvisins t secure the wheels and frame. Fr planning purpses, $120 per bike shuld be assumed fr the material cst and an equal amunt shuld be added fr installatin. Quantity purchases may result in lwer materials csts and inclusin f installatin in larger prjects may reduce installatin csts as well. Shwers The materials cst f a shwer itself, nt including the enclsed space within which the shwer is cnstructed, is abut $300. Fr planning purpses, an equal amunt shuld be added fr installatin. Surce: Krve Engineering, Oregn Department f Transprtatin, LACMTA. Page B-1

67 1 1 I

68 Ls Angeles Cuntywide Bicycle Plicy Dcument Appendices Appendix C. Results f 1993 Bicyc)e Rider Survey INTRODUCTION In May 1993, the Applied Management & Planning Grup was cntracted by Krve Engineering t cnduct a survey f bicycle riders fr the Ls Angeles Cunty Metrplitan Transprtatin Authrity. The survey was designed t assist with the develpment f a Cuntywide Bicycle Plicy Plan. The surveys, a duble-sided page with a reply-paid panel fr mailing, were distributed thrugh bicycling rganizatins, Emplyee Transprtatin Crdinatrs (ErCs), and by intercepting bicyclists n bicycle paths and trails. A ttal f 771 cmpleted surveys were returned. Participants were asked t reprt what types f trips and several characteristics f the trips they usually make with their bicycles. They were als asked t rate the imprtance f thirty ideas fr imprving bicycle transprtatin and several demgraphic questins. The fllwing sectin is a discussin f the majr findings f the survey, fllwed by graphical representatins f mst f the questins cntained in the survey. A cpy f the survey instrument is attached. MAJOR RNDINGS Survey respndents reprted using their bicycles fr the purpses shwn in Table 1. Table I Wrk Schl Shpping Recreatil1lFitness 69% 7% 27% 78% A large number f respndents reprted that they use their bicycles t travel t wrk (sixtynine percent) and sixty-fur percent f thse reprted that they use their bicycles t get t wrk between 11 and 20 times per mnth. Althugh fr the purpses f vehicle trip reductin it has been recmmended that emplyers identify emplyees living within five miles f their wrksite as ptential bicycle users, respndents t the survey ride an average f 8.4 miles t their wrksite. Despite the fact that eighty-nine percent f the respndents indicated that they nrmally have an autmbile available t them, thirty-three percent said they wuld use anther frm f ridesharing (carpl, public bus, r walking) t get t wrk if the trip was nt made by bicycle. Page C-1

69 Ls Angeles Cuntywide Bicycle Plicy Dcument Appendices Mre respndents indicated that they use their bicycles fr shpping trips than fr schl trips (twenty-seven percent cmpared t seven percent). Seventy-eight percent f respndents use their bicycles fr recreatinal/fitness trips and travel an average ne-way distance f 32 miles. Six percent f wrk trips and seventeen percent f recreatinal/fitness trips are cmpleted in part by car. Of the thirty ideas prvided t respndents fr imprving bicycle transprtatin, the five ideas mst imprtant t all respndents were as fllws: Mre bike lanes with striping n the pavement Remval/repair f hazards such as pthles r grates Mre bike rutes r lanes n cmmercial streets Bikeways that cnnect t each ther fr lng distances Increase width f curb-lane t prvide mre space fr bicycles The fllwing pages cntain graphical representatins with crrespnding tables fr each f the questins asked in the survey. Figure ] - Bicycle Trip Types D yu use yur bicycle fr Yes N Wrk Trips 69% 31 % Schl Trips 7% 93% Shpping Trips 27% 73% RecreatinalJFitness Trips 78% 22% Wrk Schl Shp Trip Type FIln... ~ ~ Figure 2 - Bicycle Trips Per Mnth Wrk Number f Days Wrk Schl Shp Fitness 50% per Mnth. Trips Trips Trips Trips Schl 40% II Shp Fl1nes. 1 t 5 14% 20% 59% 36% 30% 6 t 10 13% 31% 28% 25% 20% 11 t 15 20% 13% 5% 13% 10% 16 t 20 44% 27% 6% 16% crj'e. 21 r mre 9% 9% 2% 10% ' Number 01 Oays per ",.th 60"10 Page C-2

70 Ls Angeles Cuntywide Bicycle Plicy Dcument Appendices Figure 3 - Weekend versus WeekdaY Travel D yu. Weekends Weekdays Bike t Wrk mstly n... Bike t Schl mstly n.. Bike t Shp mstly n.. Bike fr Fitness mstly n.. 6% 9% 49% 62% 94% 91% 51% 38% Writ Schl Sh"" Trip Type Fitness Figure 4 - Trayel jn One-Way Miles Hw far d yu g ne-way in miles? Wrk Trips, Schl Trips Shpping Trips Recreatina1lFitness Trips Mean One-Way Miles Fig.ure 5 - Travel in Mjnutes Hw lng des it usually take yu in minutes? Mean One-Way Minutes Wrk Schl Shpping Recreatina1lFitness Number f tr.4inutes Page C 3

71 ll"~_': I ~ ~_..,...-'1 Ls Angeles Cuntywide Bicycle Plicy Dcument Appendices The fllwing figures present the times respndents reprted they usually begin their hrne t wrk and hrne t fitness trips. Schl and shpping trips are nt presented here because the respnse rate fr these tw trip types were t lw t reprt meaningful results. Fjgure 6 Hme t WQlK Start Times TIme f Day Percent TIme f Day Percent 2:00am 0% 1:00pm 0% 3:00am 0% 11:00am 1% 4:00am 2% 12:00pm 1% 5:00am 9% 1:00pm 0% 6:00am 31% 2:00pm 1% 7:00am 28% 3:00pm 0% 8:00am 18% 4:00pm 1% 9:00am 5% 5:00pm 0% 10:00an 1% 6:00pm 1% 11:00am 1% 7:00pm 0%.. 0; ll" 8 ~ n.. '".. If; ~ ~ ~ ~ 8 S.... 0; SluI Tm 01 Hm" _ T", n.. 12:pm 1% Figure 7 Hme t Fitness Start Times TIme f Day Percent TIme f Day Percent 2:00 0% 1:00 2% 3:00 0% 2:00 3% 4:00 0% 3:00 2% 5:00 1% 4:00 3% 6:00 5% 5:00 4% 7:00 21% 6:00 4% 8:00 22% 7:00 1% 9:00 13% 8:00 0% 10:00 10% 9:00 0% 11:00 5% 10:00 0% 12:00 2% ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~! ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ slalttml_t", Page C-4

72 Ls Angeles Cuntywide Bicycle Plicy Dcument Appendice8 Figure 8 - Mdes f TrnyeJ Used in Addjtin t Bicycles When yu travel by bicycle, d yu als travel part f the way by... Rail Bus Car Wrk 1% 1% 6% Schl 0% 0% 1% Shpping 0% 0% 1% RecreatinallFitness 1% 0% 17% Trip Type Fitness Figure 9 Alternate Mdes f Transprtatin Used H yu did NOT g by bicycle, hw wuld yu usually make the fllwing trips Wrk Schl Shpping 70'16 Drive 65% 48% 68% Rideshare 17% 15% 5% Bus 10% 13% 7% Rail 0% 0% 1% Mtrcycle 2% 4% 2% Walk 6% 20% 18% Wuld Nt Make Trip 0% 0% 1% '0 z Page C-S

73 Ls Angeles Cuntywide Bicycle Plicy Dcument Appendices Figure ] 0 Yehicle Ayailability D yu usually have an autmbile Ivehicle available t yu? N Yes Wrk Schl Shpping 11% 89% 24% 76% 17% 83% Shpping Table 2 presents the tp five ideas fr imprving bicycle transprtatin that were cnsidered t be very imprtant by thse wh respnded. The numbers inside the table present the rank rder f the ideas by the trip purpses f the respndents. Respndents did nt rank the ideas n the survey, the ranking was calculated based n the percentage f respndents wh indicated that the particular idea was very imprtant. What is ntable here is that the same five ideas were mst imprtant acrss almst all f the trip types. The nly exceptin was the pinin f thse wh make schl trips, wh deemed that having bicycle racks that secure mre f the bicycle was mre imprtant than cnnected bikeways fr lng distances. Table 2 Ideas Very Imprtant fr Imprving Bicycle Transprtatin in 1.. A. All Wrk Schl Shp Fitness Trips Trips Trips Trips Trips Mre bike lanes 'l\ith striping n the pavement Remval/repair f hazards such as pthles r grates Mre bike rutes r lanes n cmmercial streets Bikeways that cnnect t each ther fr lng distances Increase width f curb-lane t prvide mre space fr bicycles Bicycle racks that allw mre f the bike t be secured with yur lck Page C-G

74 Ls Angeles Cuntywide Bicycle Plicy Dcument Appendices Table 3 prvides the percentage f all respndents wh respnded Very Imprtant" t each f the thirty ideas presented in the survey. Table 3 Ideas fr Imprving Bicycle Tran<;prtatiOD Mre bike lanes v.ith striping n the pavement Remval/repair f hazards such as pthles r grates Mre bike rutes r lanes n cmmercial streets Bikeways that cnnect t each ther fr lng distances Increase width f curb-lane t prvide mre space fr bicycles near the curb Smther pavem::nt in the curb lane Mre bike signed rutes Bikeways that g frm residential areas t nearby cmmercial areas Wider stripes n the pavement, r mre stripes t indicate bike lanes Mre bike paths that are ttally separate frm the street Sensitive pavem::nt lp detectrs that trigger traffic signals when a bike is the nly vehicle then: Bicycle racks that allw mre f the bike t be secured with yur lck A shwer available at my wrkplace Better lighting n bike paths and rutes A pthle "htline" with repned pthles repaired in a shrt perid f time Enclsed bicycle parking Ockers) available A lcker fr m)" clthes at my wrkplace Mre bicycle parking at wrk Remval f parkiilg n city streets t prvide mre riding space near the curb Lengthening gre:n time at majr intersectins t allw bicycles t clear Mre bicycle parking available at park and ride lts served by rail r bus Mre plice bicycle patrls n paths A curse. n hw t ride t schl safely Mre bicycle parking in shpping malls A pamphlet r curse with tips n hw t bike safely Bike rute signs which indicate rute number and number f miles t destinatins A pamphlet r materials n hw t prtect yur bike frm theft Bicycle racks available at majr bus stps Mre bicycle parking in apartment/cnd cmplexes Mre muntain bike trails 84.3% 77.9% 75.6% 69.2% 66.3% 63.7% 62.7% 61.7% 61.4% 59.8% 59.5% 57.5% 52.1% 49.5% 48.9% 46.2% 45.5% 42.7% 41.4% 37.1% 36.1% 35.8% 33.8% 32.2% 29.3% 27.0% 26.9% 22.5% 22.2% 22.1% Page C-7

75 ls Angeles Cuntywide Bicycle Plicy Dcument Appendices Figure 11 Age f Respndents What is yur age? 17 t 21 years 21 t 30 years 31 t 40 years 41 t 50 years Over 50 years 2% 23% 33% 22% 20% Figure 12 Gender f Respndents Are yotl Male Female 81% 19% Fjgure 13 Bicycle Organizatin Affiliatjn. D yu belng t a bicycling rganizatin? Yes N 35% 65% Page C-S

76 r- 0 III >:J [b@3 ~@m@3 ~~ ~_@ID@ IislftV@!7 Hell' We are wrking n a Cuntywide Bicycle Plicy Plan fr the Ls IIngeles Cunty Metrplitan Authrity. WE REALl.Y NEED YOUR HELP. Pleilse tilke a mment 10 tell us abut the bicycle trips yu make. and what yu wuld like t see dne in Ls IInqeles Cunty t imprve Iraveling by tjicycle. The infrmatin yoll give us is cnfidential. Clnd will be used lr research purpses nly. PlEASE FOLD THIS SURVEY AS INDICATED /'NO MNL IT BACK TO US. OR GIVE YOUR SURVEY BACK TO OUR INTERVlEWER. IF THIS IS A BIKE TRAIL INTERVIEW. Thank yu again fr yur participatin!,. Please lill in as much infrmatin as yu carl abut the trips yu usually make BY BICYCLE. We are mst Interested in yur BICYCLE trips frm hme t wrk.. t schl. t shpping. and yur recreatin/fitness rides lif wrk r schl trips are nt applicable. please. write N/Ain that finel;.. Purpse f Trip WDrk Hw Many Days D Yu Travel by BIke? c=:j DaysIWI: i==:j DayslM Weet<ends Weekdays :_AMlPMI Rail 0 c=jmiles l.==:j MirxJl:es 1_:_AMlPMI I Bus 0 1_:_AMlPMI I : AMlPMI Car 0 Rail 0 c=j Day1M1< Weekends I==:J Miles I==:J Minutes Bus 0 SchD' I==:l DaystM c=j DaysIWI: ShDpp'n. I==:l DayslM I==t DaysIWI: Reere_"D", Fllnc.. c=j DayslM D Yu Travel Msl/y Weekdays r Weekends? ICheck Onel Weekdays Weekends Weekdays Weekends Weekdays Hw Far D Yu GOneWay7 ('nmllesl. Hw lng Des It Usually Take Yu? lin Mlnutesl AMlPMI :_AMlPMI car 0 Rail 0 c=jmiles c=jminutes I I Bus 0 : :_AMlPMI Car 0 Rail 0 i:=j Minuld I AMlPMI I Bus 0 c=jmild : Whall1meD Yu Usually BegIn Yur Trip? What lime D Yu Usually BegIn Yur Return Trip? When yu travel by bike. d yu als travel part f the way by: (check ne) 2. r yu did NOT g by bicycle. hw wuld yu usually make the 'allwing uips (CHECK ONE BOX FOR YOUR WORK TRIPS. YOUR SCHOOl. TRIPS. NlO YOUR SHOPPING TRIPS ClNlY RECREATlONIII. TRIPS ARE NOT INClUDED IN THl~ OUESTIClNI:. Ride A Wuld N. Nt Drive Share A Ride Take the Bus Take Rail Mtrcycle Walk Make.he Trip Applicable WD,k SChDD' ShDpptn Car 0 1n! I\) m- III 0 C :J ], C. I\) OJ C ' "t: -< 0 0 r: :; CD - «c " 2-0 ;:a. ' - '-IlS 0::1 -< -fri 1:0 ~ «~ a.(!) 0 COl 0 c :a: w >-~ C '=E 3 (1) -1 9 III 6.Q~ ::I Q..:(l lz ;,..CD -... W~ ~ &~'5~ OcU)- a:~ ~ ~ ~"2~ - (1)~ ~ ::ECDg~ COlCD (1)ffi :< c 0 3 D.. W'" ::160«l:l 8::E~U Z~ :J ;U~ cs (1)~ i - ~ "'- ::>0 ~ &2:~ & r~ ~ ~«g~ Ii: ~ ~~ 0 00 D yu usually have an autmbile/lletllcle available 10yu? ND YesD u > U " III I\) D :J CD C. 0 0'. CD (Q II -JO--J

77 r '"» :J ~ 1C CD ṇ...& Please check the apprpriate bx t Indicate whether yu think the Ideas.belw are very Imprtant, smewhat Imprtant, r nt imprtant fr imprving bicycle transprtalin in ls Angeles Cunty. Ideas tr Imprving Bicycle Very!Transprtadn Imprtant ~ I. Mre mutain bike!ralls Z. Mre bike lanes with striping n the pavement J. Mre bike Jlgned rutes 4. Mre bike rutes r lanes n cmmercial streets s. Mre bike paths that..., ttally separate frm the street.. BIkeways that cnnect t each ther fr lng c8stances 7. BIkeways that g frm restdenllal...,as t neartly cmmerlcal areas t. Alcl<er'r my dilies at my wrkplace 9. A shwer available at my,wrkplace I a. Better Ughllng n bike paths and rutes I I. Mre bicycle parldng 0 available at park and ride IOU served by rail r bus Smewhat I~prtant J ~~ Imprving ~~ Imprving Nt Bicycle Very Smewhat Nt Bicycle Very Smewhat Nt Imprta,,!I ~~nsp~i~ Imprtant Imprtant Imprtant Transprtadn Imprtant Imp~nt Imp~nt IZ. Mre bicycle parldng In:.. shpping malls ILwrk C apar1jnentlcnd cmplexes 13. Enclsed bicycle parklng Ilcl<ersJ available cyde racks avallab/e at majr bus stps IS. Bicycle racks that allw mre t the bike t be secured with 'fock lck,. Sensitive pavement lp detectrs that trlgger!rafflc stgna's when a bike Is the nly vehlde there 17. Lengthening green lime at majr Intersectlns t iiilw bicycles t clear I t. WIder strfpes n the pavement. r mre stripes t Indicate bike lanes 19. Remval 0' parking n city streets t prvlde mre riding space near the curti za. Increase width t curb- 0 lane t prvlde mre space 'r bicycles near the curti ZI. RemvaVrepair 0' hazards SUch as pthles r grates ZZ. Smther pavement 'n the curti lane n. A pamphlet r CDUrse with dps n hw t bike sately zs. A curse n hw t ride t schl safely n. BIke rute signs which Indicate rute number and number 0' mles t destinatins Z7. Mre prce bicycle Palrls n paths ZI. A plllle 'htline' with reprted pthles repaired In a shrt perid 0' lime Z4. A pamphlet r lnaterlalr 0 n hw t prtect yur bike frm theft : ~ [] 4. Please tell us abut yurself: What is yur age7 Under U 21-30[J ersO Ive yu: 0 Male 0 Female D yu belng t a bicycling rganizatin7 What is Yur Hme ZipCde7: What is Yur Wrk ZipCOde7: DYes 0 N 5. Please tell us abut anything else that might help yu take mre trips by bicycle instead f using yur car: Please return by May lo ld a;- lii l: ~ 0: ld OJ c)" -< id." 2.. ' -< n l: 3lD :J...» '0 '0 GI :J D ' GI II

78 Ls Angeles Cuntywide Bicycle Plicy Dcument Appendices Appendix D. Status f Bicycle Plans fr Cunty f ls Angeles I Agency I Cntact I Status f Bicycle Plan Agura Hills Vince Mastrsimne Bikeway Plan, adpted as part f the Directr f Public Wrks Circulatin Element f the General (818) Plan, adpted Alhambra Chris Mntan N existing bicycle plan. Management Asstl Transprtatin (818) Arcadia David Feinberg Part f Recreatin Element f the Administrative Assistant city's General Plan. (818) Artesia Alicia Ley N existing bicycle plan. Assistant t City Manager (310) Ext. 53 Avaln Dick Gsselin N existing bicycle plan. Captial Imprvements Directr (310) Azusa Naser Abbaszadeh Transprtatin Element f the city's City Engineer (818) General Plan. Baldwin Park Sid Musavi N existing bicycle plan. City Engineer (818) Bell Annette S. Peretz Circulatin Element f General Plan Directr f Develpment Services Adpted 4/87. (213) , ext Bellflwer Rich Pierce N existing bicycle plan. Directr f Parks and Recreatin (310) ext. 208 Bell Gardens Carmen Mrales N existing bicycle master plan. City Planner General Plan currently being mdified. (310) Will cntain a transprtatin element. Beverly Hills Audrey Arlingtn The Open Space Element f the Senir Planner General Plan, adpted 2/77. cntains (310) a Bikeway Plan. Circulatin Element adpted 9/77. Bradbury Keene Wilsn N existing bicycle plan. Interim City Manager (8181) Page D-1

79 Ls Angeles Cuntywide Bicycle Plicy Dcument Appendices I Agency I Cntact 1 Status f Bicycle Plan I Burbank Bill Lundgren Bikeways Master Plan Adpted 3/93. Manager, Transprtatin Planning (818) Calabasas Jim Biega N existing bicycle plan. Deputy Traffic Engineer (805) Carsn Gerge Schultz Bicycle Master Plan adpted Directr, Engineering Services Circulatin element f General Plan, (310) adpted 1979, includes bicycle cmpnent and bicycle rute map. Cerrits Emely Merina Reher N existing bicycle plan. A map f Administrative Assistant existing rutes is available. (310) ext. 268 Claremnt Mark Christffels Circulatin Element f the city's City Engineer General Plan. (909) Cmmerce Sam Jhnsn N existing bicycle plan. Directr f Public Wrks (213) ext Cmptn Jhn Jhnsn N existing bicycle plan. Assistant City Manager (310) Cvina Hal Ledfrd Bicycle Master Plan. City Planner (818) Cudahy Jack M. Jseph N existing bicycle plan. City Manager,~;" (213) Culver City Jan Kassan Circulatin Element f the city's Intergvernmental Relatins Officer General Plan is under revisin. Will (310) include a bicycle rute map and text. Expected cmpletin Diamnd Bar Tseday Aberra N existing bicycle plan. Administrative Analyst (909) Dwney Eric Zandvliet N existing bicycle plan. Assistant Traffic Engineer (310) Duarte Dna Mitzel N existing bicycle plan. Parks and Recreatin Directr (818) Page D-2

80 Ls Angeles Cuntywide Bicycle Plicy Dcument Appendices I Agency I Cntact I Status f Bicycle Plan I EI Mnte David Waterman N existing bicycle plan. Asst. Directr, Parks and Rec. (818) EI Segund Bellur Devaraj Circulatin element f the General City Engineer Plan, adpted 1992, includes bicycle (213) cmpnent and bicycle rute map. Gardena Gail Di Circulatin element f the General Grants Administratr Plan adpted 1975, includes bicycle (310) cmpnent and bicycle rute map. Glendale Jan Baghdanian N existing bicycle plan. City Traffic Engineer (818) Glendra Mark Espsit N existing bicycle plan. Traffic Engineering Technician (818) Hawaiian Gardens Paul Hgan N existing bicycle plan. The city is Asst. t the City Administratr currently develping its General Plan (310) that will include a plan encmpassing all recreatinal and bikeway prjects. A Bicycle Master Plan will nt be in place fr an estimated tw years. Hawthrne Charles Herbertsn N existing bicycle plan. City Engineer (310) Hermsa Beach Any Amirari Circulatin Element f the General Public Wrks Directr Plan, adpted 3/90, includes bicycle (310) cmpnent and rute map. Hidden Hills Cherie Paglia N existing bicycle plan. City Clerk (818) Huntingtn Park Dnald L. Jeffers N existing bicycle master plan due t Chief Administative Officer limited pprtunities fr bike lanes. (213) Industry Chris Rpe N existing bicycle plan. City Manager (818) Inglewd Amit Kthari Circulatin Element f General Plan, Assciate Engineer adpted 1992, includes bicycle (310) cmpnent and rute map. Irwindale Carls Alvarad N existing bicycle plan. City Engineer (818) Page D-3

81 Ls Angeles Cuntywide Bicycle Plicy Dcument Appendices I Agency I Cntact I Status f Bicycle Plan I La Canada-Flintridge Fullmer Chapman N existing bicycle plan. Directr f Public Wrks (818) La Habra Heights Nelia Chapa N existing bicycle plan. Finance Directr (310) Lakewd Charles Ebner Bikeway Plan, adpted 2/90. Directr, Cmmunity Develpment (310) La Mirada Rick Pattn N existing bicycle plan. Finance Directr (310) Lancaster Tim Bchum Draft Cmprehensive Bicycle Plan Transprtatin Engineer dated January, (805) La Puente Ted Ab N existing bicycle plan. Directr f Finance (818) La Verne Arlene Andrew Bicycle Master Plan. Assciate Planner (909) Lawndale Mike Kapanpur N existing bicycle plan. Acting Public Wrks Directr (310) Lmita Gary Irwin N existing bicycle plan. Assistant City Administratr (310) Lng Beach Tim Lee Citywide Bikeway System, adpted Assciate City Engineer 12/91, includes bicycle rute map. (310) Ls Angeles City Irwin Chdash Bicycle Plan, adpted 7/77. is part f Transprtatin Engineer the Circulatin Element f the city's (213/ General Plan. Cnsists f a rute Ls Angeles Cunty Hward Gng Plan f Bikeways, a sub-element f map. Prgrams Develpment Divisin the Transprtatin Element f the Ls (818) Angeles Cunty General Plan, adpted 9/75, amended 6/76. Lynwd Emili Murga N existing bicycle plan. Directr f Public Wrks (310) ext. 295 Page D-4

82 Ls Angeles Cuntywide Bicycle Plicy Dcument Appendices I Agency I Cntact I Status f Bicycle Plan I Malibu David Carmany N existing bicycle plan. City Manager (310) Manhattan Beach Maxine Werner N existing bicycle plan. (310) Maywd Michael Williams N existing bicycle plan. Finance Directr!Treasurer (213) Mnrvia Dan Iwata Bicycle Master Plan. Parks/Envirnmental Services Mgr. (818) Mntebell Transit Planning N existing bicycle plan. Mnterey Park Denise Bates.N existing bicycle plan. (818) Nrwalk Randall Hillman N existing bicycle plan. (310) ext. 324 I Palmdale Tm Hrne Master Plan f Bikeways adpted Traffic!Transprtatin Engineer 12/81. City has a map f existing (805) bikeways dated 3/93 and three phase maps fr the city's bikeway plan. Pals Verdes Estates Arn Baker N existing bicycle plan. Assciate Engineer (310) Paramunt Richard Leahy N existing bicycle plan. Deputy City Manager (310) Pasadena Min der Day The Plan t Make Pasadena Principal Engineer Bicycle-Friendly, Adpted 5/91. See (818) als General Plan. Pic Rivera Randy Rassi N existing bicycle plan. Finance Directr (310) Pmna (714) N existing bicycle plan. Ranch Pals Verdes Trent Pulliam Cnceptual Trail Plan that Public Wrks Directr incrprates discussin f a bikeway (310) plan. Rednd Beach Jhn Mate Circulatin Element f the city's Traffic Engineer General Plan, adpted 1992, includes (310) bicycle cmpnent and rute map. Page D-5

83 ls Angeles Cuntywide Bicycle Plicy Dcument Appendices I Agency I Cntact I Status f Bicycle Plan I Rlling Hills lla Ungar Circulatin Element f the city's Directr, Planning General Plan, adpted 6/90, includes (310) bicycle cmpnent and rute map. Rlling Hills Estates Sam Wise Transprtatin Element f the city's Assistant City Manager General Plan, adpted 11/92. City (310) als has a map f bicycle rutes. Rsemead Adel Freij N existing bicycle plan. Deputy City Engineer (818) San Dimas Ken Duran Bicycle cmpnent f the city's Trail Assistant City Manager Plan. (909) San Fernand Jerry Wedding Draft Master Plan develped. Being City Engineer scheduled fr adptin (818) San Gabriel Jhn Nwak N existing bicycle plan. Deputy City Administratr (818) San Marin Debbie Bell N existing bicycle plan. Assistant City Manager (818) Santa Clarita Jseph M. Inch Bicycle Master Plan Study currently Trails Crdinatr underway. (805) Santa Fe Springs Dn Huhall N existing bicycle plan. Finance Directr (310) Santa Mnica Paul Casey Draft Bicycle Master Plan, Revised Transprtatin Planner 7/92. EIR underway. (310) Sierra Madre Kev Tcharkhutian N existing bicycle plan. City Engineer (818) Signal Hill Jhn Kennedy N existing bicycle plan. Public Wrks Department (310) Suth EI Mnte Raul T. Rmer N existing bicycle plan. City Manager (818) Page 0-6

84 Ls Angeles Cuntywide Bicycle Plicy Dcument Appendices I Agency I Cntact I Status f Bicycle Plan I Suth Gate Patricia Barrett Bicycle plicies addressed in the city's Assistant Transit Planner General Plan, adpted 11/86 and in a (213) TOM rdinance adpted 5/93. Additinal plicies under cnsideratin fr a prpsed Air Quality Element. City has a map f existing bikeways. Als a Bike Trail Plan, adpted Suth Pasadena Jim Van Winckle Study underway. N existing bicycle Public Wrks Directr plan. (818) Temple City Jhn Hyatt N existing bicycle plan. Public Wrks Directr (818) Trrance Helene Buchman Circulatin Element f the city's Transprtatin Planner General Plan, adpted 10/92. and (310) rute map included. Vernn Bruce Malkenhrst N existing bicycle plan. Finance Directr (213) Walnut Rbert Stanley Envirnmental Resurces Element f Senir Planner the City's General Plan includes (909) sectin n trails. West Cvina David Nelsn Transprtatin Element f the city's Transprtatin Engineer General Plan. (818) West Hllywd Lucy Dyke N existing bicycle plan. Transprtatin Department (310) Westlake Village Mark Wessel Circulatin Element f the city's Traffic Engineer General Plan. adpted includes (805) a bikeway plan. Whittier Je Dyer Bicycle Master Plan adpted (310) Caltrans Khasrw Kamali N existing bicycle plan. Public Transprtatin Branch (213) Page 0-7

85

86 Ls Angeles Cuntywide Bicycle Plicy Dcument Appendices Appendix E. Estimates f TCM Effectiveness fr Bicycles This sectin prvides specific examples shwing hw the trip reductin, air quality benefit and cst-effectiveness f bicycle-related TCMs can be cmputed using cuntywide data. Jurisdictins may cntact MTA TDM staff t btain prject-specific data t apply in lcal assessments. Tw f the mst significant equatins are thse which identify the ttal vehicle daily trip reductin level and the ttal daily vehicle miles traveled reductin, which are as fllws: 1) Ttal daily vehicle trips reduced (TVTR) = TCBVT x ERI x Pt\lR x PEA Where: TCBVT= ER/= PNR= PEA= Ttal daily cmmute baseline vehicle trips Estimated increase in ridership assigned t each TCM Percent f new riders wh were frmerly driving Single Occupant Vehicles Percent f emplyees affected 2) Ttal daily vehicle miles traveled reduced (TVMTR) = TVTR x ACTL Where: TVTR= ACTL= Ttal daily vehicle trips reduced (frm abve) Average cmmute trip length In the examples which fllw, these equatins have been evaluated fr three typical TCM's invlving bicycle imprvements. ACCOMMODATION OF BICYCLISTS AND WALKERS (bicycle and pedestrian imprvements): TVTR: ERI= TCBVT= PNR= PEA= A range f 1% (rdinary prgram) - 2 % (aggressive prgram) 6,655,681 daily trips 74.2% 8.8% Resulting in a range f 4,345 t 8,691 daily vehicle trips TVMTR: TVTR= ACTL= A range f 4,345 (rdinary prgram) - 8,691 prgram) 3 miles (aggressive Resulting in a range f 13,038 t 26,073 daily vehicle miles f travel Page E-1

87 Ls Angeles Cuntywide Bicycle Plicy Dcument Appendices BICYCLING SUBSIDIES: Assumptins: Subsidy = $1.00 per trip per day Out-f-pcket cst =$5.00 per day, aut trip Elasticity = A range f 0.1 (rdinary prgram) (aggressive prgram) TVTR: ERI= TCBVT= PNR= PEA= A range f 2% (rdinary prgram) - 4% (aggressive prgram) 6,655,681 daily trips 74.2% 8.8% Resulting in a range f 8,691 t 17,383 daily vehicle trips TVMTR: TVTR= ACTL= A range f 8,691 (rdinary prgram) - 17,383 (aggressive prgram) 3 miles Resulting in a range f 26,073 t 52,149 daily vehicle miles f travel BICYCLE AND PEDESTRIAN IMPROVEMENTS PACKAGE (in cncertwith bicycle racks and lckers at park-and ride lts and at majr transit statins and aggressive marketing fr bicycling and walking): TVTR: ERI= TCBVT= PNR= PEA= A range f 2.5% (rdinary prgram) - 3.8% (aggressive prgram) 6,655,681 daily trips 74.2% 8.8% Resulting in a range f 10,865 t 16,514 daily vehicle trips TVMTR: TVTR= ACTL= A range f 10,865 (rdinary prgram) - 16,514 (aggressive prgram) 3 miles Resulting in a range f 32,585 t 49,542 daily vehicle miles f travel Page E-2

88 Ls Angeles Cuntywide Bicycle Plicy Dcument Appendices AIR QUALITY BENEFITS T calculate air quality benefits, the fllwing factrs have been applied t the previuslyindicated VMT reductins resulting frm the bicycling TCMs. Pllutants: Carbn Dixide: Fuel Use: User Cst: punds per mile punds per mile miles per gallns 21.7 cents per miles ACCOMMODATION OF BICYCLISTS AND WALKERS (bicycle and pedestrian imprvements): 13,038 t 26,075 daily vehicle miles traveled reduced Pllutants: Carbn Dixide: Fuel Use: User Cst: 456 t 913 punds 12,386 t 24,771 punds 262,064 t 524,108 gallns $5,437 t $10,873 BICYCLING SUBSIDIES ($1 per trip per day): 26,073 t 52,149 daily vehicle miles traveled reduced Pllutants: Carbn Dixide: Fuel Use: User Cst: 913 t 1,825 punds 24,769 t 49, ,067 t 1,048,195 $10,872t $21,746 BICYCLE AND PEDESTRIAN IMPROVEMENTS PACKAGE 32,585 t 49,542 daily vehicle miles traveled Pllutants: Carbn Dixide: Fuel Use: User Cst: 1,140 t 1,734 punds 30,955 t 47,065 punds 654,959 t 995,794 gallns $13,588 t $20, Per Caltrans, Divisin f New Technlgy, Materials & Research, Per Suthern Califrnia Autmbile Club, 1993 and FHWA Highway Perfrmance Measuring System (HPMS), Page E-3

89 Ls Angeles Cuntywide Bicycle Plicy Dcument Appendices COST EFFECTIVENESS Bicycle related TCMs are amng th~ mst cst-effective measures which can be applied, accrding t studies by MTA. In rder t cmpute the net cst-effectiveness f TCMs, the ttal cst per trip, including capitalizatin f the vehicle and travelway,peratins and maintenance csts (whether incurred by the public sectr r the individual), fuel cst, parking cst and cmmute time cst 15 have all been assessed fr drive-alne aut trips and fr each alternative mde including carpl, bus and rail as well as bicycling and walking. This analysis demnstrates that the drive-alne cmmute cst is between $10.73 t $16.72 per trip. Similar cmputatins fr bicycle-related TCMs indicate that in all cases there is a net surplus (indicating a reduced ttal cst t the individual and sciety) fr trips shifted t the bicycle mde. The results f these analyses, cnsisting f the estimated cst per trip as well as the net benefit per trip diverted frm the drive alne mde, are shwn belw: ACCOMMODATION OF BICYCLISTS AND WALKERS (bicycle and pedestrian imprvements): Cst: Net Benefit: $0.78 t $7.00 $9.95 t $9.72 BICYCLING SUBSIDIES ($1 per trip per day): Cst: Net Benefit: $8.62 t $15.45 $2.11 t $1.27 BICYCLE AND PEDESTRIAN IMPROVEMENTS PACKAGE Cst: Net Benefit: $7.23 t $10.72 $3.50 t $ Valued at $5.39 per hur, based upn 50 percent f the average manufacturing wage rate. Page E-4

90 Ls Angeles Cuntywide Bicycle Plicy Dcument Appendices SUMMARY The table belw summarizes the effectiveness f bicycle-related TCMs using reginal data. Trip Reductin Benefits. TCM Measure: Bicycle & Bicycling Subsidy Bicycle & Pedestrian Impvts. Pedestrian Impvts. Package Ttal Vehicle Trips Reduced (Daily) 4,350-8,700 8,700-17,400 10,900-16,500 Ttal Vehicle Miles Reduced (Daily) 13,000-26,000 26,100-52,200 32,600-49,500 Air Quality Benefits Pllutants Reduced (Punds) ,140-1,750 Carbn Dixide Reduced (Pundsl 12,400-24,800 24,800-49,500 31,000-47,000 Fuel Use Reduced (Gallns) 262, , ,100-1,048, , ,800 User Csts Reduced (Dllars) 5,450-10,900 10,900-21,750 13,600-20,700 Cst Effectiveness Cst per Trip Diverted $ $7.00 $ $ $ $ Net Benefit per Trip Diverted $ $ 9.72 $ $ 1.27 $ $ 6.00 Page E-5

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92 Ls Angeles Cuntywide Bicycle Plicy Dcument Appendices Appendix F. Emissin Reductin Calculatins16 T calculate emissin reductins resulting frm bicycle prjects, Caltrans suggests that agencies "determine the number f aut trips replaced by bicycle trips by assuming a 0.5% mde shift frm aut t bicycle. Als, estimate aut-related VMT replaced. The air quality benefit equals the number f aut trips replaced multiplied by the average aut trip emissin factr plus the aut related VMT replaced multiplied by the VMT emissin factr". Average Aut Emissin Factrs 17 Statewide Fleet -- Year 1993 ROG NOx CO OM Trip End Factr NA (grams/trip) VMT Factr a "An alternate methd is t estimate expected reductins in aut trips if the entire bike system were cmpleted. Estimate the assciated emissins. Determine the prtin f the system that represents the prject, and take that prtin f percent f the ttal emissins benefits as benefits f the prject". 1sSecnd Annual Reprt, Cngestin Mitigatin and Air Quality Imprvement Prgram, fr Califrnia, Federal Fiscal Year, Califrnia Department f Transprtatin, Divisin f Transprtatin Prgramming, Sacrament, CA January 31, Based n EMFAC7F, estimated fleet emissin factrs fr light duty passenger, light duty trucks, and mtrcycles. 1aprepared by Caltrans/Air Resurces Bard. Fr questins call Alan Avila, Caltrans Divisin f Transprtatin Prgramming, (916) Page F-1

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94 Ls Angeles Cuntywide Bicycle Plicy Dcument Appendices Appendix G. Establishment f a Bicycle Advisry Cmmittee Need The need fr a Bicycle Advisry Cmmittee (BAC) is as fllws: Cmprehensive Effrt - The cmprehensive effrt needed t develp and implement bicycle plans and prgrams requires a special grup cmmitted t the activity. Crdinatin - The develpment and implementatin f a bicycle plan and prgram requires crdinatin and a high degree f teamwrk. Implementatin Grup - A BAC can play a pivtal rle in the implementatin phases thrugh mnitring and verseeing success f the plan and prgrams. Citizen Invlvement - The success f the bicycle endeavrs is greatly enhanced by the specialized citizen invlvement brught frth by a BAC. Prven Success - BACs have prven t be successful perating bdies. Purpse A BAC has three primary purpses, as fllws:. 1.) T ensure that a bicycle plan respnsive t the needs f the cnstituency is develped and maintained. 2.) T recmmend plicies and advise apprpriate agencies f pprtunities that will imprve the bicycling envirnment. 3.) T advcate the implementatin f prgrams fr purpses f accmplishing the adpted bicycle plan. Since the BAC will be required t influence plicy and executive prcesses, the SAC shuld be an independent cmmittee created by the multimdal transprtatin planning and plicy agency. Cmpsitin Large cmmittees can be cumbersme in terms f decisin-making and administratin. It can als be difficult t gain invlvement and input frm all members if the BAC is t large. Cnversely, a small cmmittee can result in inadequate cmmunity representatin and an verburdening f wrk n t few individuals. Cmmittee size f eight t twelve members is suggested as a reasnable cmmittee size. The cmmittee, in rder t prvide elements needed t functin effectively, shuld cntain Page G-1

95 Ls Angeles Cuntywide Bicycle Plicy Dcument Appendices individuals wh are knwledgeable abut cycling, prfessinal and technical gvernment staff members and ther respected cmmunity members. Selectin f Members Ptential BAC members, in rder t prvide effective representatin, shuld have the fllwing key attributes: well knwn and respected in the cmmunity experience in wrking with small grups willing t be an active participant These attributes will allw members wh have a high degree f credibility with the gvernment agencies and with the cmmunity. This is imprtant in that the BAC will be advising gvernment jurisdictins and sliciting cmmunity supprt fr plans and prgrams. The members shuld be hand picked with input gathered frm varius bicycle and cmmunity rganizatins. Membership Appintment Staff shuld screen the ptential applicants list and recmmend members t the Bard f Supervisrs r City Cuncil. The members shuld be frmally appinted by the Bard r Cuncil. Bikeway Crdinatrs within the area r lcality fr which the bicycle activities are taking place shuld be cmmittee members. Many f the rganizatinal tasks will fall t the Bikeway Crdinatr r gvernment bike staff. The crdinatr culd be the cmmittee chairpersn r the BAC culd select a chairpersn. It is advisable t stagger BAC appintments in rder t ensure cmmittee cntinuity. It may als be advisable t have stringent meetings attendance plicies, which has prven t increase the level f participatin in the BAC. Cmmittee Operatin The chairpersn shuld be smene familiar with small grup management. Activities f the BAC will vary depending upn needs. Regular meetings will need t be held t frmulate prgram develpment and implementatin. Assignment f duties t BAC members will be necessary frm time t time. Citizen Participatin Public supprt must be generated t prvide successful plans and prgrams. The citizen members and bicyclists will be the imprtant persns upn which this supprt will be garnered. Page G-2

96 ls Angeles Cuntywide Bicycle Plicy Dcument Appendices Appendix H. Mailing Addresses and Cntacts T btain free cpies f the MTA's Ls Angeles Cunty Bike Map, phne (213) T btain the current price and cpies f Bikeway Planning and Design (Highway Design Manual, Chapter 1000) write t: State f Califrnia Department f Transprtatin Central Publicatin Distributin Unit 1900 Ryal Oaks Drive Sacrament CA T btain infrmatin cncerning the cntents f the Bikeway Planning and Design Manual write t: State f Califrnia Department f Transprtatin Chief, Office f Prject Planning and Design 650 Hwe Avenue, Suite 400 Sacrament CA T btain current Transprtatin Develpment Act Statutes and Califrnia Cde f Regulatins, write t: Public Transprtatin Branch State f Califrnia Department f Transprtatin 120 Suth Spring Street Ls Angeles, CA T btain the Secnd Annual Reprt fr Cngestin Mitigatin and Air Quality Imprvement Prgram, write t: State f Califrnia Department f Transprtatin Divisin f Transprtatin Prgramming 1120 N Street Sacrament, CA Page H-1

97 Ls Angeles Cuntywide Bicycle Plicy Dcument Appendices Fr mre infrmatin regarding the MTA bicycle prgram, r t btain MTA TDA Article 3 guidelines, write t: MTA 818 West 7th Street P.O. Bx 1.94 ls Angeles, CA Phne numbers and cntacts are prvided n the fllwing Area Team cntact list. Page H-2

98 "'0 ld «1 CD :I:.C) CENTRAL AREA TEAM Area Directr: JIM DE LA LOZA Cntact: Walt Davis (213) Cltv f Ls Angeles SAN GABRIEL VALLEY AREA TEAM Aree Directr: STEVE LANTZ Cntect: Art Cuet (213) Alhembra Arcadia Azull8 Beldwln Perk Bredburv Cleremnt Cvina Diamnd Bar Duerte EI Mnte Glendra Industrv Irwindale La Puente La Verne Mnrvia Mntebell Mnterev Park Pesadena Pmna Rsemead San Dimas San Gabriel San Marin Sierra Madre S. EI Mnte S. Pasadena Temple City Welnut West Cvina LOS ANGELES COUNTY METROPOLITAN TRANSPORTATION AUTHORITY AREA TEAM BICYCLE CONTACTS SOUTHEAST AREA TEAM Area Directr: BOB CASUIN Cntact: Samantha Mck (213) Artesia Avaln Bell Bell Gardens Bellflwer Cerrits Cmmerce Cmptn Cudahy Dwnev HawaIIan Gardens Huntingtn Park La Habra Heights La Mirada Lakewd Lng Beach Lvnwd Maywd Nrwalk Paramunt Pica Rivera Santa Fe Springs Signal Hili Suth Gate Vernn Whittier Cunty f Ls Angeles SOUTH BAY AREA TEAM Area Directr: I<AREN UEIT Cntact: Sue Perry (213) Carsn EISegunds Gardena Hawthrne Harmsa Beach Inglewd Lawndale Lmita Manhattan Buch Pals Verdes Estates Ranch Pals Verdes Rednd Beach Riling Uills Riling Hills Eetetes Trrance WESTSIDE AREA TEAM Area Directr: CAROLINGE Cntact: Patti Helm (213) Beverlv Hills Culver Cltv Malibu Santa Mnica West Hllywd SAN FERNANDO VAllEYI NORTH COUNTY AREA TEAM Area Directr: RENEE BERLIN Cntact: Peter de Hun (213) Agura Hills Burbank Calabasas Glendale Hidden Hills La Canada-Flintridge Lancaeter Palmdale San Fernand Santa Clarita Westlake Village,... III» ::J c ~ 1Il III c ~ c.: 1Il OJ cl" -< CD ""CJ Q.. ' -< c 3 ld ::J...» '0 '0 CD ::J 0.. ' CD III

99 LOS ANGELES COUNTY Area Team Bundaries \,.";...:::::::;..;;. I"~ ". 'ry ~ \~"I ~I'~I' /l~ I..f SAN FER111NDO VALLE!!~.!!.RTH COUNT~.,.:j,.,... _Olt_" J MULHOllAND CINr LO..." I t\aalabll!/ 'V!J.../ r I/)»:l c:l!!. (I) I/) C :l ~ 0: III OJ ' -< CD." 2... ' -< c3cd :l... p A c I f: I c C' ~ -<1 ~ '"U II c:l CD J: J,. Calallna Island noilo scale) Icaletl 26 miles sulbwesl 01 lng Bucb,\ » ":J III 0 ' III CD