Station 1 Exhibit A. Crispus Attucks

Transcription

1 Station 1 Exhibit A Crispus Attucks Considered the 1 st martyr for American Independence Born cira 1723 Father: Prince from Africa Mother: Indian Decent Sold to Deacon Brown when he was 16 Escaped to Boston area at age 27 Used alias Michael Johnson Works as a sea merchant in Boston March 5, 1770 lead a group of sailors to either stand up for what they believed in or a group of sailors to cause trouble.. Attucks was hit be 2 bullets in the chest. British soldier Hugh Montgomery fired the shots.

2 Grey was the first man fired upon. Station 1 Exhibit B Samuel Grey He was shot by British soldier Private Matthew Killroy after calling out, *@*@ you, don t fire! when the violence first erupted Worked as a rope maker, and was known throughout town as being an agitator of trouble. Sam Adams was even known to have described Grey as one of the hardiest brawlers employed in Boston. Just days before the Boston Massacre, rope makers had been involved in a series of fights with British regulars. On March 2 nd one of the British soldiers was beaten and cut during a fight that had occurred on the rope walk. The story suggests that this beating was unproved, and that Grey was involved.

3 Station 1 Exhibit C James Caldwell 17 Years Old Sailor Worked the Triangular Trade Route between Boston and the West Indies Not from Boston, ship was just in port Caldwell was not one of the first shot. He was killed after Samuel Grey by subsequent gun fire. Two shots entered his back and killed him. 17 Years Old Station 1 Exhibit D Samuel Maverick Not involved with mob like behavior just in front of the Customs House almost my accident Maverick was returning from super at a friends and got caught in the hysteria of the night Maverick was shot in the belly. The ball entered his stomach, exited his back and he died the next day.

4 Station 1 Exhibit E Patrick Carr Last victim to die Died 9 days later, after being shot 32 Years Old Went to the Customs House to see what was going on, as he had heard the town bells indicating trouble Shot as he crossed the street Shot through his abdomen, carried to a house and Dr. tried to treat him. It took him 4 days to die, but he refused to blame the British Soldiers. Carr told the Dr. that he believed the British Soldiers should have fired long before they actually did. He stated that the British Soldiers were being abused & that they would have been hurt themselves if they had not fired into the crowd. Carr claimed the British Soldiers fired in self-defense. Carr stated that back in Ireland (where he was from) he had seen angry mobs, but nothing like what he witnessed the night of March 5.

5 Pictures of Soldiers and Victims (I used a projector to blow up a picture of a British Soldier, drew it, and colored it. I did the same for a victim. Notice that the bullet wounds are located in the spots that records indicate they should be.- If your school has a poster machine that would be much easier) I tape a soldier to the wall and lay the victim on the ground beneath the one who shot him. I also crumple up paper for snowballs and put rocks in them, and I place clubs on the ground near the dead. I place the above exhibits by the individual victim the exhibit describes. Note: It helps to have each of these laminated so that they can be reused, and it prevents them from being destroyed if you wish to leave them up for extended periods of time.

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21 Station 2 Exhibit A The Boston Gazette 1770 Rough Summation.. A few minutes after nine o'clock four youths, named Edward Archbald, William Merchant, Francis Archbald, and John Leech, jun., came down Cornhill together, and separating at Doctor Loring's corner, the two former were passing the narrow alley leading Mr. Murray's barrack in which was a soldier brandishing a broad sword of an uncommon size against the walls, out of which he struck fire plentifully. A person of mean countenance. armed with a large cudgel bore him company. Edward Archbald admonished Mr. Merchant to take care of the sword, on which the soldier turned round and struck Archbald on the arm, then pushed at Merchant and pierced through his

22 clothes inside the arm close to the armpit and grazed the skin. Merchant then struck the soldier with a short stick he had; and the other person ran to the barrack and brought with him two soldiers, one armed with a pair of tongs, the other with a shovel. He with the tongs pursued Archbald back through the alley, collared and laid him over the head with the tongs. The noise brought people together; and John Hicks, a young lad, coming up, knocked the soldier down but let him get up again; and more lads gathering, drove them back to the barrack where the boys stood some time as it were to keep them in. In less than a minute ten or twelve of them came out with drawn cutlasses, clubs, and bayonets and set upon the unarmed boys and young folk who stood them a little while but, finding the inequality of their equipment, dispersed. On hearing the noise, one Samuel Atwood came up to see what was the matter; and entering the alley from dock square, heard the latter part of the combat; and when the boys had dispersed he met the ten or twelve soldiers aforesaid rushing down the alley towards the square and asked them if they intended to murder people? They answered Yes, by G-d, root and branch! With that one of them struck Mr. Atwood with a club which was repeated by another; and being unarmed, he turned to go off and received a wound on the left shoulder which reached the bone and gave him much pain. Retreating a few steps, Mr. Atwood met two officers and said, gentlemen, what is the matter They answered, you'll see by and by. Immediately after, those heroes appeared in the square, asking where were the boogers? where were the cowards? But notwithstanding their fierceness to naked men, one of them advanced towards a youth who had a split of a raw stave in his hand and said, damn them, here is one of them. But the young man seeing a person near him with a drawn sword and good cane ready to support him, held up his stave in defiance; and they quietly passed by him up the little alley by Mr. Silsby's to King Street where they attacked single and unarmed persons till they raised much clamour, and then turned down Cornhill Street, insulting all they met in like manner and pursuing some to their very doors. Thirty or forty persons, mostly lads, being by this means gathered in King Street, Capt. Preston with a party of men with charged bayonets, came from the main guard to the commissioner's house, the soldiers pushing their bayonets, crying, make way! They took place by the custom house and, continuing to push to drive the people off pricked some in several places, on which they were clamorous and, it is said, threw snow balls. On this, the Captain commanded them to fire; and more snow balls coming, he again said, damn you, fire, be the consequence what it will! One soldier then fired, and a townsman with a cudgel struck him over the hands with such force that he dropped his firelock; and, rushing forward, aimed a blow at the Captain's head which grazed his hat and fell pretty heavy upon his arm. However, the soldiers continued the fire successively till seven or eight or, as some say, eleven guns were discharged.

23 By this fatal manoeuvre three men were laid dead on the spot and two more struggling for life; but what showed a degree of cruelty unknown to British troops, at least since the house of Hanover has directed their operation, was an attempt to fire upon or push with their bayonets the persons who undertook to remove the slain and wounded! Mr. Benjamin Leigh, now undertaker in the Delph manufactory, came up and after some conversation with Capt. Preston relative to his conduct in this affair, advised him to draw off his men, with which he complied. The dead are Mr. Samuel Gray, killed on the spot, the ball entering his head and beating off a large portion of his skull. (Unkown, The Account of The Boston Massacre) Works Cited Unkown. (n.d.). The Account of The Boston Massacre. Retrieved from Early America:

24 Station 2 Exhibit B London Publishing From A Fair Account of the Late Unhappy Disturbance An Excerpt from a London Publisher (modified for 8 th Grade Reading) From the excerpts (page 7-9) As as to the King s troops, who wer fent thither in October 1768, they have been treated by thefe Sons of Liberty and well-difpofed perfons (as they ftile themfelves) with a degree of cruelty that could not have been practified by the, toward prifoners of war of the nation with which we are afteneft at enmirty. For they not only, upon the firft arrival of thefe troops at Fofton, did every thing in their power to prevent their having quarter affigned the, and to blige them to continue in cample, though the rigor of the winter-feafon was beginning to felt; but they have ever fince been traducing thme with the moft fcurrilous and abufive language, and harrafffing them vexatious actions at law..this ill difpofition of the inhabitants of Bofton towards the King s troops had on on increafing from the time of their arrival there till the late Unhappy Difturbance by which fomeo of them have loft their lives, and had proceeded fuch a length that, as tow tentleman of the 29 th regiment declare..it was become unfafe for an officer or foldier to walk the ftreets.. who had heard feveral of the people fay tht they would kill all officers in town But I do not think it can be infeerd from their conduct on the 5 th of March, or as the Bofton Narrative calls it, the horrid Maffacre. The natural defire of defending themfelves, and fende fo the duty incombent upon them in tht unhappy moment to repel force by force in order todfend a centinel s pft which they were calling upon to guard, aand which ws then attacked by a t leaft an hundred people, armend with buddgeons, fticks, and cutlaffes, will be fufficient to account their firing on the affilants on that occafion without any mixture of revenge. (Unkown, 1770) Roughly summated --- The King s soldiers arrived in Boston in October of 1768 and were treated by the Sons of Liberty very cruel. In fact, the Sons of Liberty treated the British Soldiers worse than they treated prisoners of war. The Bostonians did not wish to quarter the troops and winter was coming. The Bostonians hurled insults and abusive language on the soldiers..this situation grew worse and some of the British soldiers felt unsafe to walk the streets in Boston, as they claimed to have heard Bostonians say they would kill British officers in town. It is not right for the unhappy event in Boston to be referred to as a horrid massacre because the soldiers were defending themselves and doing their duty. The continual was doing his job when he was attacked by a hundred people, some of which were armed. It is logical that the British would fire.

25 Works Cited Unkown. (1770). Account of an Unhappy Difturbance in Boston. London: London Publisher. Retrieved from

26 Station 3 Exhibit The Bloody Massacre by Paul Revere

27 Station 4 Students listen to eyewitness Testimony performed by Cuba (Missouri) High School Students