Test 5. The Return of El Nino

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1 ------~---~ 'I I I I Part 1 Test 5 For questions 1-8, read the text below and deide whih answer (,,C or D) best fits eah gap. There is an exa m ple at the beginning (0). Example: 0 methods theories C auses D onsequenes 0 = - = The Return of El Nino side from the seasons, El Nino and its twin, La Nina, are the two largest single (0)..... of variability in the world's limate from year to year. oth are ditated by shifts in w ater temperature in the tropial Paifi basin between ustralia and South meria. (I)... after the Spanish w ords for "Christ hild" and " the girl" beause of their (2) to Christmas, they lead to dramati shifts in the entire system of oeani and atmospheri fators from air pressure to urrents. signifiant rise in sea temperature leads to an El Nino event w hereas a fall in temperature leads to La Nina. The ause of the phenomenon is not fully understood but in an El Nino "event" the pool of w arm surfae water is fored eastwards by the loss of the westerly trade winds. The sea water evaporates, (3) in drenhing rains over South meria, as well as w estern parts of the United States, suh as California. The effets an (4) for anything from a few weeks to 18 months, ausing extreme weather as far afield as India and East fria. The orrelation with global warming is as (5) unlear. rhaeologial evidene shows El Ninos and La Ninas have been (6) for 15,000 years. ut sientists are investigating whether limate hange is leading to an inrease in their intensity or duration. The weather pattern is already having early and intense effets and El Nino ould bring extreme rainfall to parts of east fria whih were last year (7)... by a yle of drought and floods. it's diffiult to (8) what will happen to the weather in the ritish Isles, but it will probably add to the likelihood of reord-breaking temperatures in the UK ~ Eleted Called Nominated D Named 2 proximity neighbourhood attahment D bond 3 produing resulting stemming D refreshing 4 persist keep onserve D assert 5 still yet present D now 6 dawning obtaining ourring D seuring 7 hit shoved puntured D punhed 8 predit imply entail D point Part 2 For questions 9-16, read the text below and think of the word whih best fits eah gap. Use only one word in eah gap. There is an example at the beginning (0). Write your answers in CPITL LETIERS. Example: 0 JUST sting in the tale sorpion stung Peter Marks on the bak of his right leg, (0) below the knee, then ontinued up that leg and down the (9) , he believes, before getting him again in the shin. lt wasn't (I 0).... he was expeting on a flight from Chiago to Vermont. Marks, a 46-year-old builder, was aboard the United irlines flight on the seond leg of his trip home from San Franiso where he and his wife Helena had been visiting their sons. He awoke (I I) a nap shortly before landing and no tied something strange. " My leg felt like it was asleep, but that was isolated to one spot, and it felt as ( 12)... it was being jabbed with a sharp piee of plasti ( 13) something. The seond sting ame after the plane had landed and the Marks were waiting for their bags at the luggage arousel. Peter rolled up his uff to investigate, and the sorpion fell out. " lt felt like a shok, a tingly thing. Someone sreamed, "it's a sorpion, " Peter realled. nother passenger stepped on the 5-entimetre arahnid, and ( 14) else suggested Marks seek medial help. "The airlines tell you that you an't bring water on a plane", Helena Marks said, "but the sorpion did make it aboard". United spokesperson said the inident "is something that we will look ( 15) We're very sorry for what happened. Our ustomers' safety and seurity is our number one priority." Suh inidents are not unheard of. n merian irlines flight was delayed for an hour in Toronto on Sunday after a passenger was stung by a sorpion that had ( 16) its way on board. Paramedis treated the man when the flight landed.

2 Part 3 or questions 17-24, read the text below. Use the word given in apitals at the end of some of the lines to ' orm a word that fits in the gap in the same line. There is an example at the beginning (0). N rite your answers IN CPITL LETTERS.!:xample: 0 GEOGRPHICL Ode to the oean Of all our planet's (0)... features, the oean is probably the most shizophreni. GEOGRPHY In one moment it an be a soure of (17) and omfort, in the next a apriious SERENE and threatening fore that unleashes a barrage of unimaginable power onto oastlines. lt is this (18)... that attrats photographer Philip Pli sson to the world's waters, PREDICT prompting him to live his life travelling the seas. He has produed a book, The Sea, and has now (19)... his lens to provide more global fous in The Oean. In nearly 200 images WIDE taken in more than 50 ountries, the book elebrates Pli sson's (20) for the variety FSCINTE and beauty of the sea. He honours the sea through his lens and tries to raise (21)... WRE of its importane to the survival of the planet. 60% of the world's population lives on a (22) strip that is 60km wide. y 2025, 75% will be living on the same strip, COST but it will be 75% of 8 billion instead of the present 6 billion. Images of extravagant relamation projets like 'The Palm' and 'The World' in Dubai point towards man's attempts to defy nature and expand the oastline for further (23).... URN Through Plisson's extraordinary photographs, it is the portrayal of the oean's si multaneous power and (24) that makes this book so enthralling. FRGILE Part 4 ~o r questions 25-30, omplete the seond sentene so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentene, using : e word given. Do not hange the word given. You must use between three and six words, inluding the, ord given. Here is an example (0). Example: 0 George should have worked harder if he wanted to pass the exam. sueeded Had George worked harder,... passing the exam. Write the missing words IN CPITL LETTERS. l.---o H_E_W_O_U_l_D_H V_E_SU_C_C-EE_D_E_D-IN-,1 25 lt is unlikely that Jim will get the promotion. hane There is promoted. 26 Graham phoned his wife as soon as he arrived in razil. lost Graham wife on his arrival in razil. 27 The government is so powerful that it an ontrol people's lives. power Suh is... that it an ontrol people's lives. 28 You should never leave the baby alone under any irumstanes. is Under be left alone. 29 In the end we did all the housework on Sunday. up We... all the housework on Sunday. ' 30 ob often mistrusts people when he first meets them. tendeny ob people when he first meets them.

3 Part 5 You are going to read a magazine artile about a woman who looks after orphaned gorillas and monkeys. For questions 31-36, hoose the answer (,, Cor D) whih you think fits best aording to the text. day in the life of a wildlife onservationist t half five, bangl I'm awake. I hear the himps alling outside. If I'm hand-rearing an infant gorilla or himpanzee then it's the first thing I see, sprawled aross my hest or in the rook of my arm. I splash water on my fae, srape my hair bak and get dressed - though putting jeans on with a gorilla holding on to your leg is diffiult. I make milk for the baby monkeys and walk to the village where the rest of the staff live. The gorillas in the trees look down at me and beat their hests; that gives me suh a buzz in the morning. I was about five when my mum first took me to the zoo, and there was a huge silverbak gorilla behind a glass pane, just sitting there, staring. Even as a hild, my heart stopped, I was so sad. Flying into Cameroon for the first time, I had this unbelievable feeling: I'm in the same ountry as wild gorillas. I was overwhelmed. lt felt like oming home. In Cameroon, gorilla and himpanzee meat sells for anything from 15 a piee. The infants are too small to sell for meat, so, if they survive, the hunters tie them up and drag them through the forest and sell them into the pet trade. In town they get more than 100 eah. In Cameroon you see himpanzees on hains everywhere. In aptivity they an live up to 50 years. ut infant gorillas usually don't survive seeing their family slaughtered. They die of a broken heart. When I get to the village, I'll have a up of tea and half a stik of bread and Marmite and join the staff meeting. round 11, I hek with the head keeper that trees aren't overhanging the fenes and the eletri urrent is on. it's a onstant battle between us and the himps to keep them in. I look at the himpanzee groups: how they work together, how they start an argument - they're exatly the same as us. The first time I heard a gorilla laugh I ouldn't believe it. Lots of people believe that if you eat gorilla it gives you strength, and the meat is very sweet. ut there is a 0.6% differene in DN between us and them: we're eating our kin. s far as I'm onerned, it's annibalism. More ountries need to take Spain's example and propose human rights for primates. Sometimes I'll ome bak to my room and have a up of tea and a plate of rie and beans for lunh. Food is really basi - we haven't the money to buy luxuries. I've eaten just about every type of leaf in this forest, just to show infants how to survive. Often infants ome in with fra- I':JJ.iP.J tured legs and arms from gunshot wounds. When the mother's shot, they get the bullet too. W haven't got a vet in amp: we need one. If we're luky we'll find a hospital willing for us to bring a himp in to be x-rayed, but sometimes it's days before they are seen. Years ago, loals would hunt gorillas and himpanzees to feed their family. Now the bushmeat trade has gone ommerial. it's huge. The timber ompanies have opened up the forest, putting roads in areas hunters ould never have reahed. We're just a plaster over the problem. The only way to stop this slaughter is to stop the people at the top. it's no good telling Cameroonians to stop killing himpanzees and gorillas when you've got huge western ompanies raping the whole forest. s the sun goes down at about six, I like to go outside and sit on my hair and think about my family. I miss them. I don't even onsider having a relationship: this is 24 hours a day, seven days a week. ut I'll make that sarifie: I made a promise when I arrived that I wasn't going to let my babies down. ut don't think of them as hild substitutes, this is serious onservation. I've had malaria eight or nine times. it's horrendous but you arry on. Our diretor is a huge support. I never ry in front of the infants. One I did, and this seven-monthold-gorilla looked into my fae and wiped the tears away. You have to be the one to give them support so they get strong. it's humbling that humans have done this to them and they'll turn around and put trust in us again. Normally at half seven I'll grab a paket of rakers and a banana and talk the head keeper through tomorrow's meeting. Sometimes I'm too tired to shower and just fall on my bed. I do the aounts and write my list of things to be done. I'll hear the himps alling, or one of the monkeys having a shout at something. My eyes just lose and that's it.

4 3 I From the opening paragraph we an dedue that the writer. is slightly nervous of the wild gorillas.. often finds that baby gorillas or himpanzees manage to break into her hut. C. tends to keep infant gorillas or himpanzees as pets. D. has a natural empathy with the animals. 3 2 Why did the writer feel like she was 'oming home' in paragraph two?. eause it had been suh a long time sine she had last been there.. eause she was fulfilling a dream to live in the gorilla's natural habitat. C. eause she had so many relatives there. D. eause she'd never felt at home anywhere else. 33 ording to the writer. eating gorilla meat an only be justified if the person needs it for medial reasons.. there is no differene between a gorilla and a human. C. the Spanish are the only nation that have researhed primate genetis properly. D. it is as bad to eat gorilla meat as it is to eat human meat. 34 The writer's diet seems to be. the same as the diet of the infant gorillas and himpanzees.. deliberately modest in order to stay fit and healthy. C. ditated by what limited means are available to her at any time. D. very unhealthy and making her ill. 35 What does the writer mean when she says they are 'just a plaster over the problem'?. What they are doing is pointless.. In the future they will be able to do a lot more than they an now. C. They an't dramatially improve the situation. D. They are eliminating the worst problems but they ould do more. 36 The story of the infant gorilla that wiped away her tears reflets the writer's. determination not to get too involved with the animals.. belief that the animals have human-like feelings. C. desire for revenge on the people who kill the animals. D. depression that has been brought on by doing suh a diffiult job.

5 Part 6 You are going to read four reviews of a lassial musi performane. For questions 37-40, hoose from reviews -D. The reviews may be hosen more than one. Riardo Muti Four ritis omment on the onert t one moment during the Chiago Symphony Orhestra's performane of the Verdi Requiem on Thursday evening, onduted by Riardo Muti and streamed live from Orhestra Hall in Chiago, viewers ould see the rosin glistening on a bow during lose-up shots of the violinists. The performane, whih had had a relatively low-key build-up, onsidering it was to be held in honour of the bientennial of Verdi's birth, was the first onert the orhestra has streamed live on its Website. lt was also viewable on Faebook and other sites and beamed to an outdoor sreen at the Pritzker Pavilion in Millennium Park. Mr. Muti, widely admired as a Verdi interpreter, made his debut as the orhestra's musi diretor designate in 2009, with the Requiem. He has also impressed with his brilliant, inisive onduting of Verdi operas. Riardo Muti often has deplored stage diretors who run roughshod over the intentions of operati omposers, suh as his beloved Giuseppe Verdi. There was no danger of that ourring at Saturday's long-awaited performane of Verdi's Mabeth, by the maestro and his Chiago Symphony O rhestra, beause there wasn't a stage diretor within miles to distrat attention from the musi. nd the musial glories of Mabeth, one of Verdi's early masterpiees, ame aross vividly in this first of four onert performanes the musi diretor is onduting at Symphony Centre to honour the omposer's bientennial. Today's foremost Verdi interpreter ommanded an impressive international ast of singers, suh as any major opera ompany would envy, most of them younger artists he has worked with in Rome and Salzburg, ustria, and trusts to realise his musial speifiations. With all the hype and media attention over Thursday 's onert of Verdi's Requiem, by Riardo M uti and the Chiago Symphony Orhestra, on the omposer's 200th birthday. one wondered if there was any oneivable way the atual performane ould transend all the relentless build-up. Riardo Muti is not a musiian to fail to deliver on high expetations, espeially where musi of his ompatriot, Giuseppe Verdi, is onerned. The onert, whih was streamed live and free on the Internet to an international audiene, provided a terrifi exemplar to the world of the remarkable partnership of M uti and the Chiago musiians, with this riveting and ombustible performane of Verdi's Requiem mass. Muti's skill and deep sympathy and understanding of this musi, has been a onstant throughout his areer. He has reorded the Requiem three times, most reently the alaimed Grammy-winning Chiago Symphony Orhestra reording; that preeded his musi diretorship in D Who needs sets or ostumes? The muh antiipated Chiago Symphony Orhestra onert performane of Verdi's Mabeth took plae and, remarkably, exeeded even the high expetations for this event. Magnifiently sung and played, and direted by Riardo Muti, whose lifetime of Verdi experiene and sholarship shone through every bar, this riveting Mabeth was one of the musial highlights of the year, and one of the great, memorable Chiago Verdi nights, even in a ity with a long and rih history of Italian opera performanes. lt was also a testament to the rakling partnership between Riardo Muti and the orhestra. The hair-trigger responsiveness, whiprak limaxes, lyri deliay, and sheer vitality of the playing were tehnially faultless and, often, astounding. This roiling, powerful Mabeth marks the finest ahievement yet from Muti and the Chiago Symphony Orhestra, even surpassing the Othel/o performanes of two years ago.

6 Whih reviewer ompares this Muti performane with a previous one with the Chiago Symphony Orhestra? 37 implies that the performane exeeded expetations, like reviewer D? 38 disagrees with the other three reviewers, saying that the performane was not as hotly antiipated as might be expeted? 39 highlights the tehnology used to broadast the performane, like reviewer? 40

7 Part 7 You are going to read an extrat from a wildlife book. Six paragraphs have been removed from the extrat. Choose from the paragraphs -G the one whih fits eah gap (41-46). There is one extra paragraph whih you do not need to use. The ig Game of fria We all know, in an aademi sense, that man as a speies has existed for a very long ti me and that we have onl y emerged with our present dominane in the omparatively reent past. The game ountry of Kenya puts thi s piee of knowledge into ontext and enables us to experiene it at the deep, intuitive level where all knowledge is felt as well as know n. When somet hing is learnt in th is deep sense the knowledge beomes part of ours el ves and enrihes our lives. Today this area is a network of roads and traks and is almost entirely under ultivation. True, it ontains the remnants of the Nandi and Kakamega fo rests but ev en these are rapidly being turned into haroal and paper. I have driven over many roads in the area and walked the Nandi Hills without seeing any game. There are a few giraffe left on the high land between Kitale and Eldoret; the remaining antelope are rare and shy; the rhi no and the lion have definitely gone. it is the same over vast trat s of Kenya; where seventy years ago there was an abundane of animals, today you will find almost nothing. I was hoping to see elephants. number of ases of elephants aiding an inj ured omrade have been reorded by hunters and mother elephants have been seen to arry a dead baby around for several days. it has been know n for a hunter to trak a wo unded elephant only to ome on the orp se minus the va luable tusks, these hav ing been broken off and smashed by his ompanion s. it is ommon knowledge that wild elephants oming upon a skeleton of one of their own kind will examine the bones, a rry them away, and satter them far and wide, although they will ignore the remnants of other animals. ut now pressure on the elephants' land is inreasing. New strains of maize now make it feasible to grow rops in areas where only fi ve year s ago there was virtually no human population. The Masai, who until now have grazed their attle alongside the plains game are beginning to plough the ir lands for wheat and orn. Other threat s are pos ed by the inreased use of insetiide s; the expansion of ities and towns; and most worrying of all, the inrease in the human populati on. Things mu st hange. bove all the pae at whih we disturb the natural environment must slow down. Our startling suess with the physial sienes has onvined us that we an solve problems quikly by pushing the right buttons. ut in nature, problem s are not solved quikly, although they an be reated overnight. disturbane of the established order is a wound, quikly infli ted but slow to heal, with the ever-present possibility that the wo und may ause a fatal infetion. Even a a refully thought -out and well-ontrolled hange is still a form of surgery from whih the environment must reover by adjusting its omplex mehanisms and balanes to the new situation. Now, we humans and our greed are out of ontrol all over the world; and in the same sen se that a ity hild must vi sit a farm to find that milk omes from ows, not bottles, so most of us need to visit fria to find where mankind ame from. Even here there is a danger of losing touh with the past. Today the parks and re serves are last-dith defenes for Kenya' s wildlife. The long-term outome is far from ertain, but meanwhile it is our privilege that enough remains for us to glimpse the original glory first hand. Try to st ay longer with eah group of animals. They will reward yo u in their time not yours - remember they are making the deisions. There is so muh to see one is tempted to rush; more than one hundred speie s of mammals in Kenya, ninety-five in the Masai Mara Reserve alone. ut these animals are not postage stamps or loomotive numbers to be tiked off on a list. Eah of them has an individual harat er and fits into its own plae in thi s omplex system.

8 The men who started Kenya's wildlife santuaries were men of vision. They worked against heavy odds often with inadequate resoures. What is now needed is a sense of vision in soiety as a whole - values whih aept that man is a lesser part of a greater whole - an unfashionable idea in our rushing, modern world. We now need measures designed to preserve wildlife for enturies, oneived and administered at the international level. 8 Sine life began the environment has been adjusting to hange; today it is the speed of hange whih is new and potentially disastrous. entury ago man himself was part of the established order. The elephant hunters did not threaten the survival of the elephant any more than lions. The men of the Ungula tribe - great elephant hunters who used strong bows - had a toughness and knowledge whih gave them nobility, in strong ontrast to the furtive moral squalor of the international raketeers involved in today's ivory trade. There is something inexorable about a herd like this moving aross ountry. No browsing, no pausing to pluk branhes or bunhes of grass, no moving this way and that. Instead a steady marhing, the young ones trotting to keep up. Other animals do not deflet them; they strid~ majestially, as though onsious they are invulnerable, and all give way before them. E The slender seurity of this privilege makes it doubly sad that many visitors bring their own pae with them when they visit Kenya's wildlife. Too muh dashing from one Game Park to another does not allow the visitor to attune himself. The use of a vehile is an advantage in that it an approah the animals without alarming them. However, if it imposes a 21st-entury rhythm on your visit to an area whih still has the slow pulse of pre-history, you have failed to make the best of your privilege. F s well as being the biggest and in some ways the most interesting of the animals, elephants are in a sense the most tragi. entury ago they were the masters of the land. They had the run of the ontinent and generally managed their own affairs. No other large animal has had suh a wide range of habitat, from mountain forests through savannah and semi-desert to the oast. G Uke me, many visitors and sientists find elephants the most interesting animals to observe. There is the onstant feeling that the elephants, too, understand, make deisions, have feelings, have friends. Stories of elephants are legion. Modern hunters say elephants know the boundaries of the National Parks and will smartly step inside when hunters are around. If only the poahers knew the rules and stuk to them as arefully as their vitims. D In Kenya's game ountry, man is not yet the dominant animal and hopefully he never will be. Here, one an ome to grips with the fat that for around half a million enturies mammals have been the dominant form of life in fria and that only in the last of these enturies has man beome the dominant mammal. ut things are hanging. In 1905 an army aptain marhing from Kitale to Nandi Fort in western Kenya, ounted 124 giraffes, 85 waterbuks, 4 rhinos, 62 zebras, 27 ostrihes and 4 lions in around 10 miles.

9 Part 8 You are going to read some book reviews about earth exploration. For questions 47-56, hoose from the reviews (-F). The reviews may be hosen more than one. In whih review is the following mentioned? Someone who left almost no stone unturned around the world. 47 The surprising anonymity of someone. 48 Disappointment that flora and other fauna are not mentioned. 49 book that is physially diffiult to arry around with you. Some details are inaurate in this book. SI Information written like an old-fashioned diary. 52 Text that adds something to the images. 53 ollaboration that produed great results. book that overs all of nature's seasons. wide variety of subjet matter.

10 -, b ,.. ook Reviews on Earth exploration. Complete Guide to Life in a Cold Climate by Rihard Sale This book is paked with information and deserv_es to be the ultimate rti wildlife guide for a long time to ome. lt begins well, with an introdution to rti geology, limate and habitats, an overview of all the people living and working in the region. The ulk of the book is an extensive field guide to rti birds and mammals, with distribution maps and information on onfusing speies. Its sope is broad and generous, but I have a few niggles. lt should really inlude rti plants, fish and invertebrates. This would have doubled the size of the book and made it unwieldy and impratial, but it's fair to say that the title is misading. ut I'm being piky here, and these minor shortomings don't detrat from the overall value of the book. D. Farmland Wildlife by James MCallum s a refuge for wildlife, ritish farmland has had a bad press in reent years. Fortunately, the artist's beautiful visual journey through the seasons presented in this book reveals that there is still an abundane of wildlife if you know where to look for it and what to look for. MCallum shuns detailed portraiture in favour of skethes apturing the spirit of his subjets - and hooray for that. If I need preise anatomial detail, I an look at a photograph. ut if I want to grasp how a stoat rolls an egg, how a male whitethroat makes his fluttering display-flights or how long-tailed tits work together to build their nests, then I need something more - and MCallum is stunningly good at translating these omplex movements and behaviours onto the page_ His simple explanatory aptions - taken from his field notebook - are a bonus.. urton Holmes Travelogues urton Holmes was the greatest traveller not just of his own time ut perhaps of all time. pretty big laim, but there's evidene to ak it up. Over a 60-year period, Holmes visited nearly every ountry on the planet, photographed all he saw, and invented the rerm 'travelogue'. His pitures are stunning, both as soial history and as art. Holmes photographed everything: the dead on battlelds; the running of bulls in Spain; a mule train in Death Valley. sequene of Vesuvius erupting in 1906 inludes a shot of a wom an under an ash-strewn sky that is positively apoalypti, but Holmes' work wasn't restrited to the large anvas - he was as apable of apturing an intimate portrait of a hiken vendor in a angkok market as he was revealing the vastness and intriay of the onstrution of the Panama Canal. E. Troubled Waters by Sarah Lazarus Sometimes it seems as though the size of books on whales is led by the size of the subjet matter. This, however, is a small, readable book. There are no detailed speies aounts and the text is almost entirely devoted to the threats that whales and dolphins fae, suh as hemial and noise pollution, ship strikes and entanglement in fishing nets. areful read reveals fatual errors but, on the whole, these do not affet the thoughtful and onise disussion. lt is notoriously diffiult to get to the bottom of the whaling issue, and here Lazarus struggles a bit. The International Whaling Commission omes in for a lot of ritiism, whih would perhaps have been better direted at the three of its members who have hosen not to abide by the spirit of its onservation deisions. C. No More eyond by Simon Nasht Simon Nasht's brilliant biography of Sir Hubert Wilkins, he says that his subjet isn't like other great explorers, primarily eause most of us have never heard of him. He had no lust for fame, instead being driven by a thirst that led him to remote environments and plaes that ried out for exploration, rather than awards the popular hallenges so desired by newspaper editors of the day. Nasht ouldn't believe "a man ould ahieve so muh and yet be so little remembered." In 1917 Wilkins was under the ommand of veteran polar explorer and photographer Frank Hurley in the ustralian Flying Corps. Their mutual interests were vital to the development of aerial photography as an integral part of modern geography. F. The High Lowlands by Derek Ratliffe For some, the south of Sotland is the plainer and less harismati sibling of the breathtaking Highlands and the rugged West Coast. ut it's every bit as wild as those famed areas, but with a gentler appeal. This book desribes an unexpeted Eden, a plae whose heart pulses to a different beat. This is an epi piee of writing, its subjet matter overed in a manner more akin to the journals of a Vitorian hroniler than a modern natural history book. Derek Ratliffe's reordings of the natural goings-ons in this lonely land spanned 50 years. His intimay is apparent on every page. Everything is atalogued and desribed in metiulous detail, and few questions are left unanswered. it's a great pity that Derek did not live to see his life's work in print. This is a book for everyone, but it's a huge volume that you ouldn't take with you on holiday unless you've got a pretty hefty ruksak and a strong bak. -= - -=..=-=--=--=-= =-=- ---= ==-.=...~-- eo =-=-- --= =----=- -=-- -=-- -~--

11 Paper 2 - Writing WRITING- Part 1 You must answer this question. Write your answer in words in an appropriate style. I. You have listened to a debate about UK university tuition fees. Then, you have been asked to vote in favour of some of the options provided. You have made the notes below: Should UK universities ha rge tuition fees? tuition fees should not be harged universities should harge very low tuition fees universities need to harge high fees to have a high standard Some opinions during the ta lk: ''Unil'ersities are faing substantial uts in diret gol'ernment funding." '"Unil'ersities will fae additional eonomi pressures as student numbers inrease." "We should ensure aess to unil'el:s ity is based on the ability to learn. not the ability to pay." Write an essay disussing two of the options in your notes. You should explain whih option would be best giving reasons in support of your answer. You may, if you wish, make use of the opinions expressed in the talk, but you should use your own words as far as possible. W RITING - Part 2 Write an answer to one of the questions 2-4 in this part. Write your answer in words in an appropriate style. 2. You work for the loal ounil. You have been asked to write a proposal, suggesting ways in whih your neighbourhood ould develop and be improved in order for it to be in an appropriate and good state for the next generation. You should inlude ideas for: environmental issues eleisure eduation housing Write your proposal. 3. You have reeived a letter from a friend: I'm really enjoying the variety in my new job, whih often allows me to travel on business. tually, with that in mind, I'm ontating you now, as I'll be in your town for a week next month. Could you tell me the best plaes to go and what I an do, so that I an make the most of my free time when I have the odd evening or weekend free? Sheila Write your letter. 4. You see the following announement on a website: Reviews wanted for Entertainment Site Send us a review of your favourite restaurant a nd get published on o ur Web page. You have a favourite Italian restaurant you like to go to with your friends and family, that you want to subm : for onsideration. In your review, write about the food, servie, deor and any other elements you think would provide a lear piture of the establishment. Write your review.

12 Paper 3 - Listening ISTENING - Part 1 u will hear three different extrats. For questions 1-6, hoose the answer (, or C) whih fits _est aording to what you hear. There are two questions for eah extrat. :.xtrat One u will hear two people talking about the wildlife in the area in whih they live. What is the man's reation to the majority of visiting birdwathers? He thinks they drive too fast. He believes they are ignorant of one of nature's delights. He doesn't understand why so many of them ome to the area he lives in. 1 The speakers seem to be knowledgeable about their loal wildlife. work for a loal wildlife onservation group. resent people admiring the loal wildlife. 2 ::xtrat Two u will hear two people talking about a disturbane in the night. The man and woman are flatmates. neighbours. married. 3 What probably aused the disturbane? a at a riminal a wild animal 4 Extrat Three ou will hear two people disussing a site where domesti rubbish is offiially dumped. 5 ording to the woman there are no obvious benefits to landfill sites. landfill sites ause disease among loal people. landfill sites are the lesser of the two evils ompared to inineration. 5 6 Plans to build a new landfill site have been temporarily stopped. will probably never ome to fruition. have been stopped by protesters who are bloking researh. 6

13 Paper 3 - Listening LISTENING - Part 2 You will hear a ra dio report about marine li fe in the UK. For questions 7-14, omplete the senter:=.. ritish marine life in risis Pollution, oastal developments and I 7 I I are the onventional threats to mar ine life. 8 I is most in danger along with turtles, sharks and salmon. 9 I passed by the UK and EU protets some areas of UK water s I I per ent of UK waters are urrently ful ly proteted. WWF-UK is a lling for a 11 I of proteted marine reserves to be establi she d. The way that marine life has been proteted up until now is!. 12--LI.I If fisheries were 113 I I into the plan ning proess, it would be more suessfu l. general... 1_14----~.1, is needed for better marine management. LISTENING - Part 3 You w ill hear part of a radio interview about fox hunting. For questions 15-20, hoose the ansv.,:r (,, Cor D), whih fits best aording to what you hear. IS What surprises the interviewer about 18 What was done wrong in the ase of the hunt? Rihard lak? The dogs are no longer allowed to run free. He should not have used dogs to flush Nothing seems to have hanged after the fox out of the hole. t he new law on hunting. He was slow to intervene when the fox T he hunters seem to have adopted was aught. a st range system of hunting. He realised too late that his dogs had aught D The dogs seemed to be losing their ability a fox. to find a fox. D He shot the fox and then gave it to the dogs. 16 ording to rian Hook, 19 Hook believes that he enjoys the thrill of the hunt as muh the ountryside will be overrun with foxes. as ever. the law w as intended to make the killing the hunters try to deeive the publi. of foxes less ruel. it's diffiult to keep up with a hunt to see the fox ould beome an endangered what is really happening. speies. D it is impossible for them to monitor D traditional hunting methods are the only all the hunts. way to ontrol the fox population. 17 The new law 20 The interviewer seems to think that forbids dogs to hase foxes. allows dogs to kill a fox as long as the kill is monitored. has proved to be diffiult to enfore. D forbids foxes to be shot. the issue is too emotive to be settled easily. the polie aren't really interested in the hunting laws. animal rights ativists need to take a stronger stand. D hunters and animal rights ativists need to debate the issue further.

14 Paper 3 - Listening LISTENING - Part 4 You will hear five short extrats in whih people are talking about animals. While you listen you must omplete both tasks. TSK ONE For questions 21-25, hoose from the list -H the person who is speaking. a poaher Speaker I a holiday guide a vet Speaker 2 ru D a shopkeeper Speaker 3 E a farmer G H F an animal shelter worker Speaker 4 EO an animal rights ativist a photographer Speaker TSK TWO For questions 26-30, hoose from the list -H what eah speaker is expressing [the statement w hih most aurately reflets what is said by the speaker]. D E F G H lt's not my responsibility to protet animals. Some people have a selfish attitude towards animal preservation. I've been injured by a wild animal many times. People only listen to extreme behaviour. I think people should refrain from violene whatever the situation. I am as interested in the animal's harater as its appearane. I'm thinking of selling my business. I feel like I'm being exploited. Speaker I Speaker 2 Speaker 3 Speaker 4 Speaker 5 EO ru EO ru J