BROADBAND CONNECTIVITY IN SOUTH EAST ASIA

Transcription

1 BROADBAND CONNECTIVITY IN SOUTH EAST ASIA ICT and Development Section ICT and Disaster Risk Reduction Division Asia-Pacific Information Superhighway Steering Group Meeting & 7 th Meeting of the Working Group on the Asian Highway Network Bangkok, December 2017

2 2 Outline: 1. South East Asia a) Trends in broadband connectivity b) Ongoing studies and way forward 2. South and South-West Asia a) Trends in broadband connectivity b) Key Issues for policymakers 3. North and Central Asia & East & North- East Asia a) Trends in broadband connectivity b) Main findings from ESCAP studies in the subregions

3 3 Trends in Fixed-Broadband connectivity Fixed-broadband sub. per 100 inhabitants Year Africa ESCAP North America ESCAP excl. ASEAN ASEAN Europe Latin America & Caribbean Source: Produced by ESCAP, based on data sourced from ITU World Telecommunications/ICT Indicators Database (2017).

4 Fixed Broadband Penetration Rates (per 100) 4 Korea (Rep.) Hong Kong, China New Zealand Japan Macao, China Australia Singapore New Caledonia Azerbaijan Russian Federation China French Polynesia Georgia Kazakhstan Turkey Iran (I.R.) Tuvalu Armenia Thailand Malaysia Viet Nam Brunei Darussalam Mongolia Maldives Palau Kyrgyzstan Uzbekistan Bhutan Philippines Micronesia Sri Lanka Bangladesh Tonga Marshall Islands Vanuatu Fiji India Samoa Indonesia Nepal Pakistan Cambodia Lao P.D.R. Myanmar Solomon Islands Papua New Guinea Kiribati Timor-Leste Tajikistan Turkmenistan Afghanistan Data source: ITU. (2016). World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators database. Available from:

5 5 Trends in Mobile- Broadband connectivity Mobile-broadband sub. per 100 inhabitants Year Africa ESCAP North America ESCAP excl. ASEAN ASEAN Europe Latin America & Caribbean Source: Produced by ESCAP, based on data sourced from ITU World Telecommunications/ICT Indicators Database (2017).

6 Mobile Broadband Penetration Rates (per 100) 6 Macao, China Singapore Japan New Zealand Australia Korea (Rep.) Hong Kong, China Malaysia Mongolia Thailand Russian Federation Maldives Azerbaijan Kazakhstan Bhutan China Turkey Georgia Fiji Cambodia Indonesia Philippines Vanuatu Armenia Viet Nam Timor-Leste Kyrgyzstan Myanmar Tonga Uzbekistan French Polynesia Nepal Iran (I.R.) Sri Lanka Lao P.D.R. Bangladesh Pakistan Tajikistan Solomon Islands Turkmenistan Samoa India Papua New Guinea Afghanistan Brunei Darussalam Kiribati Data source: ITU. (2016). World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators database. Available from:

7 7 Broadband Affordability Fixed Broadband Mobile Broadband Singapore Singapore Brunei Darussalam Brunei Darussalam Malaysia Malaysia Thailand Cambodia Philippines Thailand Indonesia Indonesia Lao P.D.R. Philippines Cambodia Myanmar Myanmar Lao P.D.R Price as % of GNI p.c Price as % of GNI p.c. Source : Produced by ESCAP, based on data sourced from ITU Measuring the Information Society Report

8 Online services versus telecommunications infrastructure in South- East Asia and developing countries in 2008 and Source: Produced by ESCAP, based on data sourced from the United Nations Public Administration Country Studies/E-Government Development Index Database (accessed April 2016).

9 9 Projected bandwidth demand Projected annual growth Projected Total growth Share of corporate data in international bandwidth demand 2016 Share of corporate data in international bandwidth demand 2020 Share of Internet in international bandwidth demand 2016 Share of Internet in international bandwidth demand 2020 Cambodia +48.4% % 12.2% 11.9% 86.7% 87.8% Indonesia +43.6% % 11.1% 11.2% 88.1% 88.5% Lao P.D.R +57.3% % 13.9% 15.5% 83.3% 84.0% Malaysia +45.6% % 22.9% 23.0% 76.3% 76.7% Myanmar +53.7% % 11.8% 9.3% 88.2% 90.7% Philippines +42.7% % 11.7% 11.7% 88.1% 88.2% Singapore +34.6% % 9.6% 9.6% 90.1% 90.2% Thailand +39.2% % 9.1% 13.0% 90.1% 87.0% Viet Nam +44.7% % 8.6% 8.0% 91.4% 92.0% Region +40.2% % 11.7% 12.6% 87.9% 87.3% Source: ESCAP, Updated Analysis of the Broadband Infrastructure in Asia Pacific, 2016.

10 Forecasted international bandwidth in South East Asia , , Gbps 300, , , Internet Voice Corporate data Source: ESCAP, Updated Analysis of the Broadband Infrastructure in Asia Pacific, 2016.

11 11 Good submarine cable connectivity, but need more Asia Africa Europe-1 (AAE-1) : connect Europe, Africa, the Middle East and Asia(Myanmar, Thailand, Cambodia, Malaysia, Singapore and Viet Nam) Southeast Asia-US (SEA-US) : Manado (Indonesia), Davao (Southern Philippines), Piti (Guam), Honolulu and California (USA) Asia-Pacific Gateway (APG) : Malaysia, Singapore, Viet Nam, Hong Kong (China), Taiwan (China), Mainland China, Japan, and the Republic of Korea Some trans border terrestrial links are still weak or insufficient : eg. Lao PDR and the Yunnan Province of China; and Viet Nam and the Yunnan Province Insufficient Internet Exchange Point (IXP) and direct exchange of traffic, causing unnecessary routing of traffic through international transit, incurring costs as well as increasing latency and reducing speed

12 12 On going studies ESCAP was invited to ASEAN Telecommunications Senior Officials Meeting (TELSOM) in November discussed the AP-IS pre-feasibility study findings on the ASEAN subregion and the way forward - Southern corridor to focus on digital economy and application level. - Northern corridor of CLMV countries to focus on connectivity Update to the pre-feasibility study: ongoing Research on co-deployment of optical-fibre cables along with the other infrastructure (especially Asian Highway) - to promote cross-sectoral synergies, reducing time and costs in developing broadband infrastructure ESCAP was invited to ASEAN Telecommunications Senior Officials Meeting (TELSOM) in November 2017, Cambodia.

13 BROADBAND CONNECTIVITY IN SOUTH & SOUTH-WEST ASIA ICT and Development Section ICT and Disaster Risk Reduction Division Asia-Pacific Information Superhighway Steering Group Meeting & 7 th Meeting of the Working Group on the Asian Highway Network Bangkok, December 2017

14 14 Outline: 1. Trends in broadband connectivity 2. Key Issues for policymakers

15 Trends in fixed broadband connectivity Fixed-broadband subscriptions per 100 inhabitants by region, (regional averages weighted by population) 15 Fixed-broadband sub. per 100 inhabitants Year Africa ESCAP North America ESCAP excl. South Asia SSWA Europe Latin America & Caribbean Source: Produced by ESCAP, based on data sourced from ITU World Telecommunications/ICT Indicators Database (2017).

16 Trends in mobile broadband connectivity Mobile-broadband subscriptions per 100 inhabitants average by region, weighted by population Mobile-broadband sub. per 100 inhabitants Year 16 Africa ESCAP North America ESCAP excl. South Asia SSWA Europe Latin America & Caribbean Source: Produced by ESCAP, based on data sourced from ITU World Telecommunications/ICT Indicators Database (2017).

17 Trends in broadband connectivity by counry Fixed-broadband subscriptions per 100 inhabitants (South & South-West Asia) Mobile broadband subscriptions per 100 inhabitants (South & South-West Asia) 17 Turkey 13.6 Maldives 72.7 Iran (I.R.) 11.6 Turkey 66.8 Maldives 7.2 Bhutan 47.9 Sri Lanka 4.1 Iran (I.R.) 33.8 Bhutan 3.9 Nepal 30.8 Bangladesh 3.8 Pakistan 20.1 India 1.4 Sri Lanka 18.3 Pakistan 0.9 Bangladesh 17.8 Nepal 0.8 India 16.8 Afghanistan 0.0 Afghanistan Fixed-broadband subscriptions per 100 inhabitants Mobile-broadband subscriptions per 100 inhabitants Source: Produced by ESCAP, based on data sourced from ITU World Telecommunications/ICT Indicators Database (2017).

18 Fixed broadband development and natural disasters 18 Fixed-broadband sub. per 100 inhabitants Disaster exposure and Fixed-broadband adoption in Disaster exposure index (World Risk Report) World South & South-West Asia Fitted values Fixed-broadband sub. per 100 inhabitants Turkey Iran (I.R.) Bhutan Bangladesh Sri Lanka Nepal India Pakistan Afghanistan Disaster exposure index (World Risk Report) Sources: ESCAP based on ITU (2017) WTID and UNU-EHS (2015) World Risk Report, definition of disaster exposure index as well as methodology are found at

19 Mobile broadband development and natural disasters 19 Mobile broadband subscriptions per 100 inhabitants Disaster exposure and Mobile-broadband access in N I r epa a (In l Ṛ. ) Disaster Exposure Index (World Bank) Mobile broadband subscriptions per 100 inhabitants T u r k e y Bh u t a n Pa k ti an s Ind ai A gh f a st n ai n S r i anl ka Disaster Exposure Index (World Bank) Sources: ESCAP based on ITU (2017) WTID and UNU-EHS (2015) World Risk Report, definition of disaster exposure index as well as methodology are found at / B a n g l a d e s h

20 Expected demand for bandwidth requirements 20 Gbps 250, , , ,000 South & South-West Asia : Forecasted international bandwidth, Demand for International bandwidth forecasted to increase significantly for SSWA countries. 50, Internet Voice Corporate data Source: ESCAP based on Updated Analysis of the Broadband Infrastructure in Asia Pacific, by Michael Ruddy (2016),

21 Expected demand for bandwidth requirements by country Gbps By Country: Forecasted international bandwidth Top four countries for high demand on int. bandwidth: India, Pakistan, Iran (IR), and Bangladesh year India Pakistan Iran (Islamic Rep. of) Bangladesh Afghanistan Bhutan Nepal Sri Lanka Note: Maldives and Turkey not included due to missing data. Source: ESCAP based on Updated Analysis of the Broadband Infrastructure in Asia Pacific, by Michael Ruddy (2016), s%20of%20broadband%20infrastructure%20in%20ap.pdf

22 22 2. Key Issues for policymakers Digital divide (fixed-broadband and mobile broadband) is widening in SSWA. However, there have been good progress in some countries Resilience of ICT infrastructure to natural disasters is important in the subregion. Further concerted efforts would be needed for inclusive broadband for all.

23 BROADBAND CONNECTIVITY IN NORTH AND CENTRAL ASIA & EAST AND NORTH-EAST ASIA ICT and Development Section ICT and Disaster Risk Reduction Division Asia-Pacific Information Superhighway Steering Group Meeting & 7 th Meeting of the Working Group on the Asian Highway Network Bangkok, December 2017

24 24 Outline: 1. Trends in broadband connectivity 2. Main findings from ESCAP studies in the subregions

25 25 Trends in Fixed-Broadband connectivity Fixed-broadband subscriptions per 100 inhabitants Year East & North-East Asia Pacific Developing Countries South-East Asia South & South-West Asia ESCAP Pacific North & Central Asia Source: Produced by ESCAP, based on data sourced from ITU World Telecommunications/ICT Indicators Database (2017).

26 Fixed Broadband Penetration Rates (per 100) 26 Korea (Rep.) Hong Kong, China New Zealand Japan Macao, China Australia Singapore New Caledonia Azerbaijan Russian Federation China French Polynesia Georgia Kazakhstan Turkey Iran (I.R.) Tuvalu Armenia Thailand Malaysia Viet Nam Brunei Darussalam Mongolia Maldives Palau Kyrgyzstan Uzbekistan Bhutan Philippines Micronesia Sri Lanka Bangladesh Tonga Marshall Islands Vanuatu Fiji India Samoa Indonesia Nepal Pakistan Cambodia Lao P.D.R. Myanmar Solomon Islands Papua New Guinea Kiribati Timor-Leste Tajikistan Turkmenistan Afghanistan Data source: ITU. (2016). World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators database. Available from:

27 27 Trends in Mobile- Broadband connectivity Active mobile-broadband subscriptions per 100 inhabitants (Average) Year East & North-East Asia Pacific Developing Countries South-East Asia South & South-West Asia ESCAP Pacific North & Central Asia Source: Produced by ESCAP, based on data sourced from ITU World Telecommunications/ICT Indicators Database (2017).

28 Mobile Broadband Penetration Rates (per 100) 28 Macao, China Singapore Japan New Zealand Australia Korea (Rep.) Hong Kong, China Malaysia Mongolia Thailand Russian Federation Maldives Azerbaijan Kazakhstan Bhutan China Turkey Georgia Fiji Cambodia Indonesia Philippines Vanuatu Armenia Viet Nam Timor-Leste Kyrgyzstan Myanmar Tonga Uzbekistan French Polynesia Nepal Iran (I.R.) Sri Lanka Lao P.D.R. Bangladesh Pakistan Tajikistan Solomon Islands Turkmenistan Samoa India Papua New Guinea Afghanistan Brunei Darussalam Kiribati Data source: ITU. (2016). World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators database. Available from:

29 Broadband affordability in NCA 29 Fixed Broadband Mobile Broadband Source : Produced by ESCAP, based on data sourced from ITU Measuring the Information Society Report

30 Broadband affordability and fixed broadband subscriptions 30 Sources: Produced by ESCAP, based on data sourced from ITU World Telecommunications/ICT Indicators Database

31 31 Regulations and Broadband Access There is a strong correlation between the perceptions on quality of regulations (World Bank World Governance Indicators) and fixed-broadband subscriptions. Source: ESCAP. (2016). The State of ICT in Asia and the Pacific: Uncovering the Widening Broadband Divide. Better quality of regulation instills certainty in an investment environment, which encourages private operators to invest more.

32 Online Services & Telecommunications Infrastructure Indices 32 Source: ESCAP. (2016). The State of ICT in Asia and the Pacific: Uncovering the Widening Broadband Divide.

33 33 Projected bandwidth demand in NCA Projected annual growth Projected Total growth Share of corporate data in international bandwidth demand 2016 Share of corporate data in international bandwidth demand 2020 Share of Internet in international bandwidth demand 2016 Share of Internet in international bandwidth demand 2020 Azerbaijan 45.7% % 11.3% 12.5% 88.7% 87.4% Kazakhstan 49.6% % 16.6% 16.7% 83.2% 83.3% Kyrgyzstan 51.4% % 2.2% 5.1% 97.8% 94.9% Russian Federation 38.0% % 34.5% 40.2% 65.2% 59.6% Tajikistan 102.5% % 12.5% 8.3% 87.5% 91.7% Turkmenistan 132.7% % 7.5% 8.9% 75.0% 91.1% Uzbekistan 57.5% % 8.0% 11.5% 88.0% 86.1% Region 40.9% % 29.9% 32.9% 69.8% 67.0% Source: ESCAP, Updated Analysis of the Broadband Infrastructure in Asia Pacific, 2016.

34 Forecasted international bandwidth in NCA ,000 Forecasted international bandwidth in North and Central Asia, Gbps 200, , Internet Voice Corporate data Source: ESCAP, Updated Analysis of the Broadband Infrastructure in Asia Pacific, 2016.

35 Broadband Drivers in developed in Rep. of Korea and Japan. Consistent & Strong Policies Government set up goal, directions, implementation frameworks and financing methods critical to the development of national ICT infrastructure. Take part in all processes of developing national infrastructure as a control tower from planning to implementation Stimulating the participation from the private sector Initial demand generation and a rapid expansion of informatization in the public sector. Funding via Public- Private Partnership (PPP), especially in rural area. well-balanced virtuous cycle between supplyside and demandgenerating policies Promoting Market competitions 35 Encouraged market competition using liberalizing market entry Ease entry restriction for new entrants and to formulate an environment for fair competition, such as enhancing regulation on Interconnection and Infrastructure sharing

36 36 A Study on the Belt and Road initiative to connect China and Central Asia Logical Network Topology in China-Central Asia To connect countries along the Belt and Road, Kazakhstan and Urumqi are selected to be the core nodes for both intra- and intercorridor connectivity, because of their strong international connectivity

37 37 A Study on the Belt and Road initiative to connect China and Central Asia Physical Network Topology in China-Central Asia Two cross-border fibre-optic routes in this topology are not currently present - Pakistan-Urumqi - Azerbaijan- Kazakhstan.

38 38 Thank you