Dr. Konstantinos Galanis

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1 Dr. Konstantinos Galanis Operations & Technical Senior Manager Seanergy Maritime Holdings Corp.

2 Thorough basic knowledge of shipbroking Commodities, carriage requirements, vessels Charterers, shipowners, operators, brokers Freight markets Documentation, charter parties, bills of lading, letters of credit Offer & counter offer, danger of fraud and unethical practice Freight & hire, calculations and voyage estimations World trades & geography, dry cargo organizations, settling of disputes, law, insurance Dry cargo vessels: 100 to 400,000 tonnes capacity of carriage of bulk commodities

3 Various types & designs: containers, break bulk parcels (bales, crates and boxes) Equipped with heavy lift cranes in excess of 100 tonnes or even two cranes in tandem to lift up to 1,000 tonnes at a time Dimensions, design and fittings based on the trade area (i.e. the Great Lakes or ice affected areas) Fuel efficiency: propeller ducts, bulbous bow, sculptured sterns, etc. Ports have been enlarged, deepened, developed and equipped with sophisticated cargo handling equipment General common categories: Multipurpose, general cargo and container ships Bulk carriers Shortsea or coasters Specialized ships such as refrigerated and heavy lift

4 Designed initially with the engine room and bridge amidships, but later moved the accommodation and engine room aft Navigational and working environment issues Vessel Specs Typical size Typical length Beam 30,000 dwt 192m 28m Draught 11.2m Holds/Hatches Capacity TEU Cranes Main Engine Speed 4 5 holds/8 10 hatches 30 35,000 cm t SWL BHP knots

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6 Older vessels had 2 3 decks, called tweendeckers Upper deck: main or weather deck and the lower ones tweendecks Between MD TD: tweendeck spaces Under TD: lower hold Double bottom tanks and top tanks

7 Equipment to load, stow, secure & discharge the goods Fire smothering equipment, such as CO 2 Mechanical ventilation Horizontal battens along the ship s side (keep bagged, baled and packaged goods away from the ship s ribs, frames and stringers to prevent damage & chaffing) Lashing (pad eyes) Cargo securing manual

8 Stowage on the main weather deck and in several tiers high Vessel s stability, visibility and deck strength Cell guides in the holds, pads, locking devices, twistlocks, lashing rods

9 After washing cargo spaces, the dirty water is drained away into the bilges through strainers, called strum boxes (act as filters)

10 Cranes Electrically powered Typical lifting capacity range from 10 to 40 tonnes SWL (Safety Working Load) Facilities can unite lifting capacity of two adjacent cranes

11 Main cargo holds can be accessed through hatches hydraulically operated Pontoon type covers

12 Steel hatch covers (Macgregor type) Open close with a concertina like action Side roll Piggy back hatches where covers stack on top of one another Electrically or hydraulically powered, some with winches & chains Water ingress Twin hatches Watertight airtight

13 : high bulk carrier casualties IMO IACS CSR Single hull & maintenance of shell plating Double hull: faster discharge of cargo and least mechanical damage Forecastle: prevention from extreme weather conditions Classed for light medium or heavy cargoes

14 60,000 80,000 dwt Limitations for Panama canal (2015: locks will have chambers 427m long, by 55m wide and 18.3m deep, leading to almost 130,000t vessels) Vessel Specs LOA Beam Draught Summer DWT Cubic Capacity of CH Holds 7 Hatchways 224m (735ft) 32.2m (104.5ft) 13.35m (43.8ft) tonnes cm ( cft) 7 abt. 14m long by 13.5 wide

15 Vessel Specs Excess of 100,000 dwt Typical size 125, ,000 dwt Typical length Beam 290m 45m Draught 17.5m Holds/Hatches Main Engine 9 holds/9 hatches BHP

16 Vessel Specs ,000 dwt Port Kamsar in West Africa 20 39,000 dwt Handysize Up to 49,000 dwt Handymax Up to 56 59,000 dwt Supramax LOAxBxD Fully loaded 14.4m Draught DWT fully mt laden GT Cargo Capacity 229mx32.26mx12.2m cm

17 Vessel Specs 40 60,000 dwt Typical size 40 60,000 dwt Typical length 190m Beam 32.2m Draught 11.5m Cranes 40tonne SWL x 4 Holds/Hatches 5 holds/5 hatches Main Engine BHP

18 Vessel Specs 25 40,000 dwt Typical size 25 40,000 dwt Typical length m Beam 24 30m Draught m Cranes tonne SWL x 4 Holds/Hatches 5 holds/5 hatches Main Engine BHP

19 Superstructure, bridge, engines at the aft part Upper wing tanks for ballast water Midships located floodable hold Self trimming Hopper holds Double bottom top tanks

20 Iron ore stows at abt. 12 cfpt when coke stow at 90 cfpt Full or partially full cargo hold Sailing with empty holds: Regulation 14 of SOLAS XII adopted in Dec 2004 (vessels over 150m in length and carrying bulk cargoes with a density of kg/m 3 or above) [equivalent to a stowage factor of abt. 20 and relates to ores & concentrates] Strength & Stability: IACS Unified Requirements (URs) notable S17 S23 (age based over 10 years) S17: longitudinal strength of the hull girder S18: evaluation of all corrugated transverse watertight bulkheads S20: evaluation of allowable hold loadings based on shear strength of the hold s double bottom Vessel not permitted to have any hold loaded to less than 10% of the hold s max allowable cargo weight when fully loaded

21 Self discharging facilities Grabs or gantry arrangement or conveyor belt or screw system (Siwertell System)

22 Electric ventilation or CO 2 Hatch covers open fore & aft and at larger vessels sideways (siderolling)

23 Great Lakes and the Panama Canal (transit) have self discharging equipment

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28 ,000 dwt Vessel Specs Typical size Typical length Beam Draught Holds/Hatches Main Engine ,000 dwt 320m 60m 22m 9 holds/9 hatches BHP

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30 Vessel Specs Typical length 294m Beam 32.3m Draught 12.04m FW TEU Containers Max 13 across Air draught 57.91m Deadweight Abt t Main Engine BHP Speed Up to 25 knots

31 Vessel Specs Typical length 360m Beam 50m Draught 15m TEU More than Main Engine BHP Speed Up to 20 knots

32 Shortsea & Feeder Middle Sea Medium Deep Sea Large Deep Sea (Panamax) Post Panamax TEU LOA (m) Up to 400 Beam (m) Up to 59 Draught (m) Up to 14.5 DWT (t)

33 Vessel Specs Typical length Beam Draught Capacity Ramp Load Main Engine Speed 200m 26m 7m lane m 100t BHP 19 knots on 90 t FO per day

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40 Vessel Specs DWT Length m Beam 10 16m Draught 3.5 6m Holds 1 or 2 Hatches 1 or 2 Main Engine BHP