UNIVERSITY OF DUBUQUE FLIGHT TRAINING STANDARDIZATION MANUAL

Transcription

1 UNIVERSITY OF DUBUQUE FLIGHT TRAINING STANDARDIZATION MANUAL September 11, 2013 University f Dubuque Flight Standardizatin Manual 2/13/2013 1

2 Table f Cntents Preflight Preparatin 3 Preflight Prcedures 8 Takeffs, Patterns, Landings 15 Straight and Level, Turns, Climbs, Descents 26 Perfrmance Maneuvers 34 Grund Reference Maneuvers 39 Slw Flight, Stalls, Spin Awareness 44 Appendix I: Multi-Engine Operatins 58 Appendix II: Instrument Standardizatin Manual 80 University f Dubuque Flight Standardizatin Manual 2/13/2013 2

3 PREFLIGHT PREPARATION University f Dubuque Flight Standardizatin Manual 2/13/2013 3

4 FLIGHT INSTRUCTION BASICS The Demnstratin & Perfrmance Methd f flight instructin will be used by all University f Dubuque Flight instructrs. The Integrated Flight Instructin Methd will als be used. Using this methd the flight instructr explains all maneuvers by referring t utside visual references and instrument references. Checklist Usage Our training aircraft d nt require tw crewmembers and therefre ur pilts must demnstrate single-pilt prficiency in the training aircraft t pass the FAA Practical Tests and t safely perate in a single pilt envirnment. Read and D Lists Read and D Lists must be accmplished nly by reference t the lists and nt by memry. These actins are nrmally assciated with Abnrmal Prcedures. Hwever, fr safety during training, this philsphy will als be used fr all ur Nrmal Prcedures and adherence t the checklists fr all phases f flight will be required. The entire Read and D task must be read befre any actin is taken. Example: Pilt flying reads: Thrttle, 1800 RPM, (read eighteen hundred RPM). Pilt flying sets the thrttle t 1800 RPM and acknwledges: EIGHTEEN HUNDRED RPM. All Read and D actins are written in the present tense but the respnse shuld be in the past tense since the item has been cmpleted, i.e, Pilt flying reads PROP CLEAR, the pilt perfrms the actin and acknwledges: CLEARED. At the cmpletin f every checklist phase f flight, the Pilt flying acknwledges : checklist cmplete i.e., LANDING CHECKLIST COMPLETE. If yu are interrupted during any checklist, stp and annunce - HOLD CHECK LIST AT. When returning t the checklist, start that particular checklist ver frm the beginning. Memry Items Memry actins are perfrmed by memry with the aid f a flw pattern t help ensure each task is perfrmed. These are ften referred t as flws r flw checks in larger aircraft. Each training aircraft will have its wn flw patterns. It is imprtant t learn these flw patterns t keep items as simple as pssible. T much memrizatin interferes with the pilt s ability t learn ther tasks crucial t becming a safe, skilled, prficient pilt. Mst f the memry actins deal with emergency situatins when it is impractical t read a checklist. In all cases, the pilt shuld cnsult the checklist AFTER the aircraft is stabilized and verify crrect actins have been taken. Bld items n the emergency checklists shuld be cmmitted t memry. USE APPROPRIATE CHECKLISTS ON EVERY FLIGHT University f Dubuque Flight Standardizatin Manual 2/13/2013 4

5 Transfer f Cntrls will be discussed and cnducted accrding t FAA prcedure at all times. Cllisin Avidance/Clearing Prcedures must be verbal and must be taught frm the beginning and adhered t at all times. UD aircraft will mnitr when in the practice areas. Heading Indicatr Precessin checks must be taught frm the very beginning and adhered t all times. Clearing Turns The first clearing turn prir t a sequence f maneuvers will be a 360 clearing turn. Subsequent clearing turns will be, as directed, by the instructr. Wings shuld be raised fr a better view prir t clearing fr a turn. Check fr bstructins during all clearing prcedures. Stwage f carg All carg will be stwed and secured apprpriately. Cessna 172 cleaning materials and twbar will be stwed in baggage area 2 as nted in the POH. Similar items in the Trinidads and Seminles will be stred in the baggage area. University f Dubuque Flight Standardizatin Manual 2/13/2013 5

6 DISPATCH IMSAFE Is the student fit t fly? Is the instructr fit t fly? WEATHER Students will check, write dwn, and analyze the weather. Students will give a weather briefing, t include METARs, TAFs, FDs, NOTAMs, and TFRs, t their instructr befre each flight. Ceilings and winds will be cmpared t UD standards. Crsswind cmpnents will be cmpared t UD standards. AIRCRAFT DISPATCH AIRCRAFT BINDERS will be dispatched frm the DISPATCH DESK STUDENTS WILL TAKE the aircraft assigned t them. ASSIGNMENT PROBLEMS If students have prblems with aircraft assigned t them, they will discuss the prblem with their instructr. If the instructr has a prblem with the aircraft, the instructr will cnsult a supervisr, the supervisr will cnsult dis patch. AIRCRAFT BINDERS NEXT INSPECTION TIME will be cmpared t current airplane time. TRANSPONDER inspectin date will be checked. STATIC SYSTEM inspectin date will be checked. ALTIMETER inspectin date will be checked. MODE C ENCODER inspectin dates will be checked. ELT BATTERY DUE DATE will be checked. VOR CHECK will be dne and recrded befre any IFR flight. The airplane WILL NOT BE FLOWN if any f the abve dates have passed SQUAWKS The squawk sheet will be checked fr ANY OPEN SQUAWKS. AIRCRAFT WILL NOT BE FLOWN WITH OPEN SQUAWKS. Previus squawks will be reviewed and checked prir t flight. NPPC (Next Pilt Please Cmment) written next t a squawk means the Maintenance Manager wuld like the instructr t bserve and reprt n the nted squawk. University f Dubuque Flight Standardizatin Manual 2/13/2013 6

7 MANDATORY CALL-OUTS Call ALL HOLD SHORT LINES (cming and ging) as fllws: HOLD SHORT LINE: CLEARED t crss! r HOLD SHORT LINE: NOT CLEARED t crss! Call prir t taxiing nt runway fr takeff: FINAL APPROACH CLEAR! Call during takeff rll: AIRSPEED ALIVE POWER STABLE! VR! (n reaching rtate speed) Call during climbut: POSITIVE RATE! UNABLE TO LAND GEAR UP! Call during climbs and descents: 1000 FEET TO GO! 200 FEET TO GO! Call after the cmpletin f all written checklists: CHECKLIST COMPLETE! Call GUMPS checklist n BASE and FINAL: GAS, UNDERCARRIAGE, MIXTURE, PROPS, SWITCHES! Call after GUMPS cmpleted n final: LANDING CHECKLIST COMPLETE! University f Dubuque Flight Standardizatin Manual 2/13/2013 7

8 PREFLIGHT PROCEDURES University f Dubuque Flight Standardizatin Manual 2/13/2013 8

9 PREFLIGHT INSPECTION PREFLIGHT INSPECTION will be cnducted using an apprved checklist. HAVE THE CHECKLIST IN HAND as yu d the preflight. PREFLIGHT INSPECTIONS will be dne in a thrugh and methdical manner. PREFLIGHT PROBLEMS will be reprted t the flight instructr immediately. CLEAN THE WINDSHIELD this is a SAFETY MATTER. CHECK FOR PROPER TIRE INFLATION this is a SAFETY MATTER. LOCK THE BAGGAGE DOOR with key if pssible. TOW BAR make sure the twbar is remved and stwed in the baggage area. CHOCKS make sure chcks are remved and stwed in the baggage area. NOTE: Instructrs shuld bserve all pre-sl preflights. After sl, instructrs shuld regularly bserve their students preflighting activities. NOTE: Instructrs will d a WALK-AROUND and check the aircraft fr gas, il, twbar, flags, chcks, baggage dr, and ther bvius prblems befre each flight. University f Dubuque Flight Standardizatin Manual 2/13/2013 9

10 COCKPIT MANAGEMENT STOW AND SECURE ALL CARGO SAFELY All carg will be stwed and secured apprpriately. All materials assciated with cleaning r handling the aircraft will be stwed in the apprpriate baggage area. SEAT PASSENGERS per weight & balance planning. SECURE PASSENGERS with seatbelts and harnesses. STOW ALL FLIGHT EQUIPMENT in a lgical and secure manner. ADJUST SEATS make sure student and instructr can reach all cntrls easily. Remember, gd visin ver the nse is necessary t make gd landings. Prper psitining f feet n rudder pedals is very imprtant. BRIEF ALL PASSENGERS n SAFETY INFORMATION befre engine start. Use the aircraft BRIEFING CARD if ne is available. University f Dubuque Flight Standardizatin Manual 2/13/

11 ENGINE STARTING AIRCRAFT LOCATION D nt blw debris n ther aircraft, peple, equipment, r int pen hangars when yu start the engine. USE THE CHECKLIST t perfrm the engine start Call Checklist Cmplete! ROTATING BEACON ON HAND PROPPING f UD aircraft IS NOT ALLOWED Hwever, students will be given grund instructin in safe hand-prpping prcedure. University f Dubuque Flight Standardizatin Manual 2/13/

12 PRE-TAXI GENERAL REVIEW EXCHANGE OF CONTROLS CHECK WINDSOCK ATIS SELECT ATIS FREQUENCY WRITE DOWN THE ATIS INFORMATION REVIEW ATIS SET ALTIMETER CONFIRM VFR VISIBILITY & CLOUD CLEARANCE fr the airspace CONFIRM VFR CONDITIONS are within UD limits CONFIRM WINDS are within UD limits REVIEW EXPECTED TAXI ROUTE n AIRPORT DIAGRAM SET ALL RADIOS COMM PANEL GPS COMM/NAV 1 check vlumes COMM/NAV 2 check vlumes ADF TRANSPONDER AUTOPILOT REVIEW THE TAXI CHECKLIST TAXI CLEARANCE REQUEST, WRITE DOWN, and READBACK taxi clearance REVIEW ASSIGNED TAXI ROUTE REQUEST DELAY if needed t review taxi rute REQUEST PROGRESSIVE TAXI if needed TURN ON TAXI LIGHT University f Dubuque Flight Standardizatin Manual 2/13/

13 TAXI CLEAR THE AREA POSITION CONTROL WHEEL fr the wind BEGIN TAXI ROLL PERFORM TAXI CHECKLIST CHECK STEERING PERFORM PILOT BRAKE TEST after clsing thrttle EXCHANGE CONTROLS and PERFORM COPILOT BRAKE TEST EXCHANGE CONTROLS and RESUME TAXI Call TAXI CHECK COMPLETE! TAXI at a SAFE SPEED cnsistent with taxiway and traffic cnditins STEER WITH RUDDER PEDALS and nt the brakes Use brakes ONLY WHEN NEEDED fr steering and stpping DO NOT RIDE THE BRAKES! CALL OUT and VERIFY the RAMP/TAXIWAY HOLD SHORT LINE PERFORM the FIRST TURN GYRO and COMPASS CHECKS STAY ON THE YELLOW TAXIWAY CENTERLINE CALL OUT ALL TAXIWAY SIGNS, TAXIWAY MARKINGS, and HOLD SHORT LINES DO NOT PERFORM nn-taxi tasks while taxiing! DO NOT COPY CLEARANCES while taxiing DO NOT TUNE NAV RADIOS while taxiing REMAIN ALERT FOR TAXI HAZARDS AT ALL TIMES AT THE RUNUP AREA DO NOT PARK facing bstacles PARK 45 ACROSS THE CENTERLINE t the wind side when wind is a factr PARK 45 ACROSS THE CENTERLINE tward final when wind is nt a factr SET PARKING BRAKE University f Dubuque Flight Standardizatin Manual 2/13/

14 BEFORE TAKEOFF CHECK CLEAR THE AREA HOLD THE CONTROL WHEEL at ALL TIMES during the engine check READ and PERFORM the BEFORE TAKEOFF CHECKLIST FOLLOW THE CHECKLIST EXACTLY Call BEFORE TAKEOFF CHECK COMPLETE! PERFORM the TAKEOFF EMERGENCIES BRIEFING Engine failure n the runway Engine failure belw traffic pattern altitude PERFORM the TAKEOFF BRIEFING (shrt, sft, nrmal, and departure) TAKEOFF POINT call ut TAKEOFF ABORT POINT call ut TAXI up t the HOLD SHORT LINE At cntrlled airprts POSITION THE AIRPLANE s yu can bserve final fr traffic REQUEST, WRITE DOWN, and READBACK TAKEOFF CLEARANCE REVIEW any clearance changes STROBES ON / LANDING LIGHT ON AFTER getting yur takeff clearance TAXI TO RUNWAY CENTERLINE fllwing the lead line, if available, unless ding a shrt field takeff. At uncntrlled airprts 360 CLEARING TURN if pssible, t bserve the whle pattern fr traffic ANNOUNCE TAXIING ONTO ACTIVE RUNWAY fr takeff n CTAF TAXI TO RUNWAY CENTERLINE University f Dubuque Flight Standardizatin Manual 2/13/

15 TAKEOFFS, PATTERNS, LANDINGS Nte: Airspeeds listed will be in the fllwing rder: C-172, C-172SP, TB20, PA-44 as apprpriate. Beware f Distractins *Mst gear-up landings are the result f distractins. *Be mindful f this, particularly in traffic patterns and while practicing emergency/pwer ff landings. *Cmplete landing checklist n all appraches. *Verbalize GUMPS - "Landing checklist cmplete." University f Dubuque Flight Standardizatin Manual 2/13/

16 NORMAL TAKEOFF & CLIMB NOTE: NORMAL TAKEOFF assumes: (1) NO WIND (2) WIND RIGHT DOWN THE RUNWAY... r (3) VERY LITTLE CROSSWIND REMEMBER, even the smallest crsswind can cause prblems during takeff fr thse pilts wh d nt appreciate the effect these winds can have. PROCEDURE LINE UP ON THE CENTERLINE CHECK HEADING INDICATOR call ut match with assigned runway heading CHECK THE WIND SOCK and CALL THE WIND ROLL AILERONS FULL INTO THE WIND HOLD ELEVATORS NEUTRAL CHECK THE RUNWAY call RUNWAY CLEAR FULL THROTTLE SMOOTHLY STAY ON THE CENTERLINE with rudders CALL AIRSPEED ALIVE and POWER STABLE CALL ROTATION 55 AND ROTATE CRAB INTO WIND immediately after liftff t maintain runway centerline PITCH FOR and HOLD Vy when safely clear f grund 79/ TRIM FOR CLIMB Vy CALL "UNABLE TO LAND, GEAR UP" TOUCH BRAKES and RETRACT GEAR when apprpriate (cmplex aircraft) RETRACT FLAPS at 300 AGL CALL CHECKING TRAFFIC and ENGINE University f Dubuque Flight Standardizatin Manual 2/13/

17 CROSSWIND TAKEOFF & CLIMB PROCEDURE LINE UP ON THE CENTERLINE CHECK HEADING INDICATOR call ut match with assigned runway heading CHECK THE WIND SOCK and CALL THE WIND ROLL AILERONS FULL INTO THE WIND CHECK THE RUNWAY call RUNWAY CLEARr NOTE: Ailern deflectin MUST ALWAYS BE LEFT IN, during takeff rll, t the extent necessary t cunteract the crsswind. Remember that EVEN THE SMALLEST CROSSWIND has a disruptive effect n the takeff. HOLD ELEVATOR SLIGHTLY NOSE DOWN if the crsswind requires FULL THROTTLE SMOOTHLY STAY ON THE CENTERLINE with rudders CALL AIRSPEED ALIVE and POWER STABLE LESSEN AILERON INPUT as speed increases and as crsswind permits CALL ROTATION 55 AND ROTATE NOTE: In strng crsswinds, pilts wuld be well advised t increase the aircraft rtatin speed by 2-5 kts t insure a clean break with the runway at rtatin. This helps prevent placing side-lads n the landing gear. CRAB INTO WIND immediately after liftff t maintain runway centerline PITCH FOR and HOLD Vy when safely clear f the grund 79/ TRIM FOR Vy CALL "UNABLE TO LAND, GEAR UP" TOUCH BRAKES and RETRACT GEAR when apprpriate (cmplex aircraft) RETRACT FLAPS at 300 AGL CALL CHECKING TRAFFIC and ENGINE University f Dubuque Flight Standardizatin Manual 2/13/

18 SHORT-FIELD TAKEOFF & MAXIMUM PERFORMANCE CLIMB NOTE: Shrt-Field Prcedure, POH Sectins 4 and 5, shuld be reviewed when ding pre-flight planning takeff calculatins. PA-44 bstacle clearance speed n slwer than 70 with 25 flap. PROCEDURE LINE UP ON CENTERLINE as clse t the end f the runway as pssible STOP with nsewheel straight VERIFY FLAPS fr shrt-field per POH CHECK THE WIND SOCK and CALL THE WIND ROLL AILERONS FULL INTO WIND HOLD ELEVATOR NEUTRAL r SLIGHTLY NOSE DOWN if the crsswind requires CHECK RUNWAY and call RUNWAY CLEAR HOLD THE BRAKES THROTTLE SMOOTHLY TO FULL POWER CHECK ENGINE GAUGES in the GREEN RELEASE BRAKES get COMPLETELY OFF THE BRAKES! STAY ON THE CENTERLINE with rudders CALL AIRSPEED ALIVE and POWER STABLE LESSEN AILERON INPUT as speed increases and as crsswind permits CALL ROTATION 55 AND ROTATE CRAB INTO WIND immediately after liftff t maintain centerline PITCH and HOLD OBSTACLE CLEARANCE SPEED CALL "UNABLE TO LAND, GEAR UP" TOUCH BRAKES and RETRACT GEAR when apprpriate (cmplex aircraft) PITCH and HOLD Vy when safely clear f bstacles 79/ TRIM FOR CLIMB Vy RETRACT FLAPS at 300 AGL CALL CHECKING TRAFFIC and ENGINE University f Dubuque Flight Standardizatin Manual 2/13/

19 SOFT-FIELD TAKEOFF & CLIMB NOTE: Sft-Field run-up shuld be dne n slid grund befre getting t the runway. Flaps shuld be set fr sft-field takeff during the run-up actins. PROCEDURE LINE UP ON CENTERLINE (DO NOT STOP KEEP ROLLING) CHECK RUNWAY call RUNWAY CLEAR CHECK THE WIND SOCK and CALL THE WIND ROLL AILERONS FULL INTO WIND APPLY CONTROL WHEEL BACK PRESSURE THROTTLE TO FULL POWER smthly STAY ON DRYEST GROUND with rudders LESSEN AILERON INPUT as crsswind dictates MAINTAIN CONTROL WHEEL BACK PRESSURE t hld nsewheel just ff the grund CALL AIRSPEED ALIVE and POWER STABLE LIFT OFF AT MINIMUM AIRSPEED CRAB INTO WIND t maintain runway centerline MAINTAIN A SHALLOW CLIMB UNITIL REACHING Vx PITCH FOR and HOLD Vx TO PITCH and HOLD Vy AFTER CALL "UNABLE TO LAND, GEAR UP" TOUCH BRAKES and RETRACT GEAR when apprpriate (cmplex aircraft) CLIMB / TRIM FOR Vy RETRACT FLAPS at 300 AGL CALL CHECKING TRAFFIC and ENGINE University f Dubuque Flight Standardizatin Manual 2/13/

20 TRAFFIC PATTERN AIM All patterns will be flwn per AIM recmmendatins SPEEDS and DISTANCES CROSSWIND DOWNWIND Vy and 1/2 mile frm the runway and 1/2 t 1 mile frm the runway BASE and 1/2 mile frm the runway FINAL COLLISION AVOIDANCE Traffic will be checked PRIOR TO EACH TURN in the pattern CONTROLLED AIRPORT PROCEDURES ATC INSTRUCTIONS will be fllwed at twered airprts; except when necessary t deviate due t an emergency PATTERN ALTITUDE will be 800 AGL unless nted therwise in the A/FD CLARIFICATION f any unclear ATC instructins will be requested UNCONTROLLED AIRPORT PROCEDURES VISUAL COLLISION AVOIDANCE prcedures are primary NORDO Sme small aircraft d nt have radis Sme pilts d nt use radis at uncntrlled airprts OVERFLIGHTS fr checking pattern will be made at 500 abve pattern altitude PATTERN DIRECTION will be standard left unless nted therwise in the A/FD Sectinal Chart Segmented Circle PATTERN ALTITUDE will be 1000 AGL unless therwise nted in the A/FD PATTERN ENTRIES will per the AIM RADIO CALLS will be made as fllws: 10 miles inbund 2 miles inbund Entering pattern On all legs f the pattern Backtaxiing Clear f runway Beginning t taxi Taking the runway fr departure Beginning takeff rll Departing the airprt area University f Dubuque Flight Standardizatin Manual 2/13/

21 NORMAL & CROSSWIND APPROACH & LANDING BASE LEG POSITION begins at the 45 pint (±) (depends n the wind) DESCENDING FLAPS PARTIAL POWER t allw fr psitive cntrl SPEED TRIM hands ff WIND CONTROL crab GUMPS CHECK call ut CHECK TRAFFIC call ut FINAL APPROACH FLAPS POWER partial t allw fr better cntrl and t keep the engine warm SPEED TRIM hands ff WIND CONTROL sideslip keeping the lngitudinal axis straight with the centerline f the runway GUMPS CHECK call ut CHECK TRAFFIC call ut AIMING POINT shuld be the middle f the first third f the runway ROUNDOUT SPEED Begin slwing tward stall speed Vs POWER can be reduced t idle at any pint after the rundut based n situatin TRIM can be increased, nse up, t lighten the elevatr pressure WIND CONTROL crrect fr any drift TOUCHDOWN MAIN GEAR n the grund first / upwind main wheel first WIND CONTROL Ailerns FULL INTO WIND after tuchdwn Pitch FULL BACK fr aerdynamic braking CENTERLINE Track centerline using rudder pedals University f Dubuque Flight Standardizatin Manual 2/13/

22 SLIPS TO A LANDING NOTE: Befre ding Frward Slips, check the POH/AFM, Sectin 2, fr limitatins. NOTE: This maneuver is primarily assciated with aircraft NOT HAVING FLAPS. NOTE: Slips shuld NOT be used t fix a bad final apprach. FORWARD SLIP PURPOSE T increase descent rate withut increasing airspeed NOSE POINTS t the SIDE, f curse Nte: Pitch fr nrmal apprach speed befre initiating slip pwer is idle. PROCEDURE LOWER WING n the upwind side ADD RUDDER ppsite the ailern deflectin TRACK CENTERLINE by varying cntrl pressures HOLD nrmal airspeed RECOVER at an altitude that will allw transitin t a nrmal landing SIDE SLIP PURPOSE T keep the airplane ver the extended centerline with the nse pinted straight dwn the runway PROCEDURE LOWER WING n the upwind side with ailerns just enugh t stp drifting ADD RUDDER just enugh ppsite rudder t keep nse pinted straight ahead HOLD CENTERLINE Using ailern and rudder, crss-cntrlled, t prevent drift and t keep the lngitudinal axis aligned with the centerline ON TOUCHDOWN rll ailerns full int the wind, and use the rudder t steer dwn the runway, n the centerline University f Dubuque Flight Standardizatin Manual 2/13/

23 GO-AROUND PURPOSE t terminate a landing apprach and g arund fr anther try PROCEDURE DECIDE TO GO AROUND MAX POWER allwable applied LEVEL WINGS PITCH FOR Vx 60/ FLAPS t takeff setting (r per POH) NOTE: The airplane may tuchdwn briefly and then becme airbrne again. POSITIVE RATE (when the VSI reverses directin) GEAR UP SPEED TO Vx ging t Vy FLAPS ALL UP RADIO CALL GOING AROUND CHECK & CALL TRAFFIC, ENGINE & FUEL GAUGES University f Dubuque Flight Standardizatin Manual 2/13/

24 SHORT-FIELD APPROACH & LANDING BASE LEG FLAPS POWER partial fr psitive cntrl SPEED TRIM hands ff WIND CONTROL crab CHECK TRAFFIC verbal call FINAL APPROACH FLAPS POWER partial then idle after clearing bstacle SPEED TRIM hands ff WIND CONTROL sideslip CHECK TRAFFIC verbal call AIMING POINT just beynd the bstacle ROUNDOUT ALTITUDE 5-10 feet DESCENT RATE slws as back pressure applied t cntrl wheel SPEED slwing tward stall speed Vs TRIM can be increased, nse up, t lighten the elevatr pressure WIND CONTROL crrect fr any drift TOUCHDOWN MAIN GEAR tuches dwn first WIND CONTROL Ailerns FULL INTO WIND. Pitch FULL BACK fr aerdynamic braking CENTERLINE Track CENTERLINE using rudders pedals FLAPS RETRACT Simulate flaps up by calling FLAPS UP APPLY BRAKES Simulate brake applicatin by calling BRAKES NOW University f Dubuque Flight Standardizatin Manual 2/13/

25 SOFT-FIELD APPROACH & LANDING BASE LEG FLAPS POWER partial fr psitive cntrl SPEED TRIM hands ff WIND CONTROL crab CHECK TRAFFIC verbal call FINAL APPROACH FLAPS POWER partial thrughut the landing until n slid grund SPEED TRIM hands ff WIND CONTROL sideslip CHECK TRAFFIC verbal call ROUNDOUT POSITION Begin at feet AGL and ease it dwn till just ff the grund. DESCENT RATE stp by applying back pressure t the cntrl wheel SLIGHT POWER Use slight pwer t sften the tuchdwn SPEED Slw but NOT stalling WIND CONTROL sideslip t cntrl drift TOUCHDOWN MAIN GEAR Ease the mains n the grund first. Hld the nse ff lng as pssible WIND CONTROL Ailerns FULL INTO WIND. Hld the nse wheel ff the grund with elevatr POWER Use pwer t keep the airplane rlling t slid grund University f Dubuque Flight Standardizatin Manual 2/13/

26 STRAIGHT & LEVEL, TURNS, CLIMBS, DESCENTS University f Dubuque Flight Standardizatin Manual 2/13/

27 STRAIGHT AND LEVEL STRAIGHT AND LEVEL MEANS: HOLDING A CONSTANT HEADING HOLDING A CONSTANT ALTITUDE HOLDING WINGS LEVEL PROCEDURE HOLD WINGS LEVEL using the ailerns (VR) Check the wingtips t see if they are equally abve r belw the hrizn. (IR) Check the ATTITUDE INDICATOR fr a wings level psitin. HOLD A CONSTANT HEADING using the ailerns and rudder (VR) Heading the airplane s ne r mre n-curse landmarks stay in a cnsistent spt smewhere n the airplane windshield. If yu d this yu will track directly t thse spts. (IR) checking the HEADING INDICATOR t see that it remains cnstant. Maintain a cnstant heading by: Maintaining a zer yaw attitude by using the rudder t keep the ball centered, Maintaining a wings level attitude because a bank will change yur heading, Demnstrate yaw arund the vertical axis and yaw stability. HOLD A CONSTANT ALTITUDE using the elevatr (VR) Hld the hrizn in a cnstant height in the windshield. (IR) Check the altimeter. Demnstrate pitch arund the lateral axis. Demnstrate pitch stability (phugid mvement n the lngitudinal line). Demnstrate the effect f thrttle changes n altitude and airpeed. Demnstrate maximum trim while hlding level flight. Explain the relatinship between elevatr pitch and trim pitch. University f Dubuque Flight Standardizatin Manual 2/13/

28 LEVEL TURNS PROCEDURE CHECK TRAFFIC and verbally call clear BEFORE each turn. USE AILERON AND RUDDER and ROLL int a crdinated turn. ADD POWER t hld airspeed when ding medium and steep turns. USE PITCH t maintain altitude. RECOVERY ROLLOUT using visual references by making a crdinated turn in the ther directin until wings level. Demnstrate that a turn is the maneuver used t change heading. Demnstrate that the airplane can be turned with RUDDER ALONE. Demnstrate that the airplane can be turned with AILERONS ALONE. (VR) Demnstrate that a rapid ailern bank results in adverse yaw f the nse. (IR) Demnstrate hw adverse yaw causes the ball t react. Demnstrate hw rudder is used t cntrl yaw created by banking mtins, thereby, making fr crdinated turns. Demnstrate that a COORDINATED TURN requires the crdinated use f ailerns, rudder, elevatr, and pwer. Demnstrate the three classes f turns: shallw, medium, and steep. Demnstrate a shallw turn (<20 ) and shw psitive bank stability. Pint ut the underbanking tendency. Demnstrate a medium turn (20 t 45 ) and shw neutral bank stability. Demnstrate a steep turn (>45 ) and shw negative bank stability. Pint ut the verbanking tendency. Demnstrate the effect f bank n altitude and heading (lift vectr). University f Dubuque Flight Standardizatin Manual 2/13/

29 STRAIGHT CLIMBS & CLIMBING TURNS PROCEDURE CHECK TRAFFIC verbal call PERFORM CLIMB CHECKLIST as apprpriate ADD FULL POWER* and PITCH at the same time POWER t full r climb pwer PITCH t climb attitude CORRECT fr left turning tendencies using rudder BANK AS REQUIRED if turning TRIM FOR VY r cruise climb speed r as specified CHECK AIRSPEED, PITCH, and HEADING Airspeed fr crrect speed (VR) Nse and wingtips fr crrect attitude and heading (IR) Attitude Indicatr fr crrect attitude (pitch and bank) (IR) Heading Indicatr fr crrect heading CHECK TRAFFIC / ENGINE / FUEL (call ut) *Full pwer in fixed-pitch airplanes *Climb pwer in airplanes with cnstant-speed prps (25 and 2500 RPM) NOTE: During climbs, gentle S-turns r a lwered nse can be used t check fr traffic ahead. University f Dubuque Flight Standardizatin Manual 2/13/

30 LEVEL-OFF NOTE: Begin level-ff n reaching (10% f rate-f-climb) belw cruise altitude PROCEDURE CHECK TRAFFIC call ut BEGIN LEVEL-OFF BY... PITCHING DOWN GRADUALLY at 10% f the rate-f-climb lwer than the desired altitude SMOOTHLY INTERCEPT DESIRED ALTITUDE HOLD ALTITUDE using elevatr BEGIN TRIMMING NOSE DOWN during acceleratin t relieve elevatr pressure ACCELERATE TO CRUISE AIRSPEED THROTTLE BACK TO CRUISE RPM TRIM FOR CRUISE hands-ff CHECK TRAFFIC, ENGINE, & FUEL GAUGES (call ut) PERFORM CRUISE CHECKLIST University f Dubuque Flight Standardizatin Manual 2/13/

31 STRAIGHT DESCENTS & DESCENDING TURNS At varius airspeeds and cnfiguratins PROCEDURE CHECK TRAFFIC call ut PERFORM DESCENT CHECKLIST THROTTLE BACK t desired descent pwer setting. PITCH t hld altitude until desired airspeed is reached. PITCH DOWN when desired descent airspeed is reached. BANK AS REQUIRED if turning. STABILIZE DESCENT PITCH by hlding desired airspeed with pitch. RUDDER AS REQUIRED fr crdinated flight. TRIM hands ff t hld descent airspeed. CHECK FOR TRAFFIC FREQUENTLY call ut RECOVERY RECOVER TO LEVEL FLIGHT begin recvery (10% f rate) prir t desired altitude. SET CRUISE POWER TRIM FOR CRUISE CHECK TRAFFIC / ENGINE / FUEL (call ut) PERFORM CRUISE CHECKLIST University f Dubuque Flight Standardizatin Manual 2/13/

32 SHALLOW TURNS PROCEDURE CHECK TRAFFIC call ut BANK THE AIRPLANE using crdinated ailerns and rudder Bank t 15 as estimated by visual reference t the hrizn ADD POWER fr airspeed as required USE ELEVATOR fr altitude as required STABILIZE TURN STABILIZE BANK by hlding ailern against psitive stability Check the attitude indicatr fr bank accuracy STABILIZE YAW with rudder by keeping ball centered (Step n the ball) Check the ball fr yaw accuracy STABILIZE ALTITUDE by using small amunts f up r dwn elevatr Check the altimeter fr altitude accuracy NOTE: Check and call traffic, altitude, and bank every 90 f turn. RECOVERY ROLL OUT n the desired visual reference by making a crdinated turn in the ppsite directin until the wings are level Begin rllut at 1/2 the bank angle prir t desired heading MAINTAIN ALTITUDE n rllut with elevatr STABILIZE the airplane TRIM fr straight and level CHECK TRAFFIC, ENGINE, & FUEL GAUGES (call ut) University f Dubuque Flight Standardizatin Manual 2/13/

33 MEDIUM TURNS PROCEDURE CHECK TRAFFIC call ut BANK THE AIRPLANE using crdinated ailerns and rudder Bank t 30 as estimated by visual reference t the hrizn ADD POWER fr airspeed as required USE ELEVATOR fr altitude as required STABILIZE TURN STABILIZE BANK by neutralizing the ailerns Check the attitude indicatr fr bank accuracy STABILIZE YAW with rudder by keeping ball centered (Step n the ball) Check the ball fr yaw accuracy STABILIZE ALTITUDE by using small amunts f up r dwn elevatr Check the altimeter fr altitude accuracy TRIM as necessary NOTE: Check and call traffic, altitude, and bank every 90 RECOVERY ROLL OUT n the desired heading by making a crdinated turn in the ppsite directin until the wings are level Begin rllut at 1/2 the bank angle prir t desired heading MAINTAIN ALTITUDE n rllut with elevatr STABILIZE the airplane TRIM fr straight and level CHECK TRAFFIC / ENGINE / FUEL (call ut) University f Dubuque Flight Standardizatin Manual 2/13/

34 PERFORMANCE MANEUVERS University f Dubuque Flight Standardizatin Manual 2/13/

35 STEEP TURNS MINIMUM RECOVERY ALTITUDE = 1500 AGL ENTRY SPEED = ENTRY HEADING = cardinal PICK = Select a place t d the maneuver. PICK = Select an EMERGENCY LANDING AREA. CHECK = Perfrm the PRE-MANEUVER CHECKLIST. (Leave gear up in retractables) LOOK = Check fr traffic using standard UD prcedures. PROCEDURE BANK THE AIRPLANE using crdinated ailerns and rudder. Bank t Pvt 45 ±5, Cmm 50 ±5 as estimated by visual reference t the hrizn. Check the ATTITUDE INDICATOR fr bank accuracy. Check the TURN COORDINATION BALL fr yaw (rudder) accuracy. ADD POWER fr airspeed as required USE ELEVATOR fr altitude as required STABILIZE ALTITUDE by using small amunts f up r dwn elevatr. Check the ALTIMETER fr altitude accuracy. TRIM if desired. RECOVERY ROLL OUT n the desired heading (±10 ) by making a crdinated turn in the ppsite directin until the wings are level. Begin rllut at 1/2 the bank angle prir t desired heading. MAINTAIN ALTITUDE n rllut with elevatr AIRSPEED pwer as required t maintain STABILIZE altitude and heading TRIM fr straight and level flight at starting altitude and airspeed. CHECK TRAFFIC, ENGINE, & FUEL GAUGES (call ut) PERFORM CRUISE CHECKLIST NOTE: Check and call traffic, altitude, and bank every 90 University f Dubuque Flight Standardizatin Manual 2/13/

36 CHANDELLES MINIMUM RECOVERY ALTITUDE = 1500 AGL ENTRY SPEED = ENTRY HEADING = cardinal PICK a place t d the maneuver PICK an EMERGENCY LANDING AREA CHECK d the PRE-MANEUVER CHECKLIST (gear stays up) LOOK check fr traffic using UD standard prcedures PROCEDURE Increase RPM t 2500 in TB20 ROLL TO 30 BANK attitude THEN SIMULTANEOUSLY BEGIN SMOOTH CONTINUOUS PITCH UP APPLY POWER SMOOTHLY be 15 up at the 90 pint full TB20 65% PA44 AT THE 90 POINT BANK STARTS DECREASING PITCH HOLDS CONSTANT SPEED SLOWING be at 0 bank by the 180 pint frm 90 POINT t the 180 POINT t JUST ABOVE STALL at the 180 POINT RECOVERY AT 180 POINT HOLD MAXIMUM ALTITUDE GAINED... and then... SLOWLY RETURN TO ENTRY AIRSPEED CHECK & CALL TRAFFIC, ENGINE, & FUEL GAUGES DO CRUISE CHECKLIST University f Dubuque Flight Standardizatin Manual 2/13/

37 LAZY EIGHTS MINIMUM RECOVERY ALTITUDE = 1500 AGL ENTRY SPEED = ENTRY HEADING = cardinal GROUND REFERENCE = sectin lines, landmarks PICK = Select a place t d the maneuver PICK = Select an EMERGENCY LANDING AREA CHECK = Perfrm the PRE-MANEUVER CHECKLIST. LOOK = Check fr traffic using standard UD prcedures (Leave gear up in retractables) PROCEDURE STRAIGHT & ENTRY SPEED POWER DOES NOT CHANGE BEGIN SMOOTH CLIMBING TURN AT 45 INTO THE TURN CHECK TRAFFIC / ENGINE / FUEL (call ut) BE AT MAX PITCH UP and 15 OF BANK BEGIN PITCHING DOWN SMOOTHLY... BUT CONTINUE INCREASING BANK AT 90 INTO THE TURN CHECK TRAFFIC / ENGINE / FUEL (call ut) BE AT LEVEL PITCH and 30 OF BANK CONTINUE PITCHING DOWN SMOOTHLY BEGIN DECREASING BANK AT 135 INTO THE TURN CHECK TRAFFIC / ENGINE / FUEL (call ut) BE AT MAX PITCH DOWN and 15 OF BANK BEGIN PITCHING UP SMOOTHLY CONTINUE DECREASING BANK AT 180 INTO THE TURN BE AT LEVEL PITCH BE AT YOUR STARTING ALTITUDE BE AT YOUR STARTING AIRSPEED BE AT 0 OF BANK REPEAT THE PROCEDURE IN THE OTHER DIRECTION RECOVERY RECOVER TO STRAIGHT AND LEVEL ON ENTRY HEADING and ALTITUDE CHECK TRAFFIC, ENGINE, & FUEL GAUGES (call ut) PERFORM CRUISE CHECKLIST University f Dubuque Flight Standardizatin Manual 2/13/

38 STEEP SPIRALS MINIMUM RECOVERY ALTITUDE = 1000 AGL ENTRY SPEED = ENTRY HEADING = cardinal GROUND REFERENCE = crssrads PICK = Select a place t d the maneuver PICK = Select an EMERGENCY LANDING AREA CHECK = Perfrm the PRE-MANEUVER CHECKLIST. (Leave gear up in retractables) LOOK = Check fr traffic using standard UD prcedures PROCEDURE THROTTLE TO IDLE (summer) 1200 RPM r 15 (winter) BEGIN GLIDING TURN MAINTAIN ENTRY SPEED NOTE: Clearing the engine is advised n the upwind prtin f each turn. Fr winter peratins landing gear may be extended t simulate similar descent rate f idle pwer. MAINTAIN A CONSTANT RADIUS apprximately 1/4 mile CORRECT FOR WIND maximum bank 60 COMPLETE 3 TURNS by 1000 AGL RECOVERY AT OR BEFORE 1000 AGL ON ENTRY HEADING ROLL TO LEVEL FLIGHT CHECK TRAFFIC, ENGINE, & FUEL GAUGES (call ut) PERFORM CRUISE CHECKLIST NOTE: If sufficient altitude is nt available, due t ceilings, this maneuver may be practiced with reduced turns. University f Dubuque Flight Standardizatin Manual 2/13/

39 GROUND REFERENCE MANEUVERS University f Dubuque Flight Standardizatin Manual 2/13/

40 RECTANGULAR PATTERN MINIMUM ALTITUDE = 1000 AGL (2000 MSL in the Dubuque area.) ENTRY SPEED = ENTRY HEADING = 45 t the dwnwind leg GROUND REFERENCE = rectangular field PICK = Select a place t d the maneuver. PICK = Select an EMERGENCY LANDING AREA. CHECK = Perfrm the PRE-MANEUVER CHECKLIST. LOOK = Check fr traffic using standard UD prcedures. PROCEDURE REDUCE SPEED t ENTRY SPEED ENTER n 45 DOWNWIND LEG. MAINTAIN DISTANCE (1/4 t 1/2 mile) by cmpensating fr wind drift (i.e.; crabbing). MAINTAIN ALTITUDE by using pitch and checking the altimeter. CHECK TRAFFIC / ENGINE (call ut every 90 ) BEGIN ALL TURNS ABEAM the ends f the rectangle being used. Grund speed dictates bank angles required. RECOVERY DEPART THE MANEUVER after ne cmplete pattern. CHECK TRAFFIC, ENGINE, & FUEL GAUGES (call ut) PERFORM CRUISE CHECKLIST University f Dubuque Flight Standardizatin Manual 2/13/

41 TURNS AROUND A POINT MINIMUM ALTITUDE = 1000 AGL (2000 MSL in the Dubuque area.) ENTRY SPEED = HEADING = dwnwind GROUND REFERENCE = crssrads PICK = Select a place t d the maneuver. PICK = Select an EMERGENCY LANDING AREA. CHECK = Perfrm the PRE-MANEUVER CHECKLIST. LOOK = Check fr traffic using standard UD prcedures PROCEDURE ENTER DOWNWIND MAINTAIN SPEED at entry speed MAINTAIN RADIUS (1/4 t 1/2 mile) by cmpensating fr wind drift by varying bank angle. Maximum bank angle will nt exceed 45. MAINTAIN ALTITUDE by using elevatr and checking the altimeter. CHECK TRAFFIC / ENGINE (call ut every 90 ) RECOVERY DEPART THE MANEUVER after at least ne cmplete circle. CHECK TRAFFIC, ENGINE, & FUEL GAUGES (call ut) PERFORM CRUISE CHECKLIST University f Dubuque Flight Standardizatin Manual 2/13/

42 S-TURNS ACROSS A ROAD ALTITUDE = 1000 AGL (2000 MSL in the Dubuque area.) ENTRY SPEED = HEADING = 90 acrss the grund reference line GROUND REFERENCE = a straight rad, perpendicular t the wind PICK = Select a place t d the maneuver PICK = Select an EMERGENCY LANDING AREA CHECK = Perfrm the PRE-MANEUVER CHECKLIST. LOOK = Check fr traffic using standard UD prcedures PROCEDURE ENTER DOWNWIND MAINTAIN SPEED at entry speed MAINTAIN ALTITUDE by using the elevatr and checking the altimeter MAINTAIN RADIUS (1/2 mile) by cmpensating fr wind drift Maximum bank angle will nt exceed 45. At n time shuld the airplane be flwn straight and level ther than mmentarily while crssing the reference line. CHECK TRAFFIC / ENGINE (call ut every 90 ) CROSS THE REFERENCE LINE perpendicular t it and wings level RECOVERY DEPART THE MANEUVER after at least ne cmplete set f turns CHECK TRAFFIC, ENGINE, & FUEL GAUGES (call ut) PERFORM CRUISE CHECKLIST University f Dubuque Flight Standardizatin Manual 2/13/

43 EIGHTS-ON-PYLONS ENTRY ALTITUDE = pivtal altitude ENTRY SPEED = ENTRY HEADING = as required GROUND REFERENCE = tw landmarks (pylns) perpendicular t the wind PICK = Select a place t d the maneuver. PICK = Select an EMERGENCY LANDING AREA. CHECK = Perfrm the PRE-MANEUVER CHECKLIST. LOOK = Check fr traffic using standard UD prcedures. PROCEDURE PICK REFERENCE LINE PERPINDICULAR TO WIND PICK TWO PYLONS ALONG REFERENCE LINE ENTER MIDPOINT, 45 TO LINE CONNECTING PYLONS AT ENTRY SPEED NOTE: Yu must climb and descend during the maneuver, due t the changing grundspeed, t hld the reference line n the pylns. CROSS THE AXIS LINE... and... SMOOTHLY BANK nt the first pyln HOLD REFERENCE LINE ON PYLON while circling CHECK TRAFFIC / ENGINE (call ut every 90 ) NOTE: Hld the reference line n the pylns by adjusting altitude with elevatr/stabilatr. ROLL WINGS LEVEL n a 45 tangent t the secnd pyln HOLD STRAIGHT & LEVEL frm 3 t 5 SECONDS SMOOTHLY BANK nt the secnd pyln HOLD THE REFERENCE LINE n the pyln while circling CHECK TRAFFIC / ENGINE (call ut) RECOVERY ROLL WINGS LEVEL at the entry pint r as directed DEPART THE MANEUVER AT THIS POINT CHECK TRAFFIC, ENGINE, & FUEL GAUGES (call ut) PERFORM CRUISE CHECKLIST University f Dubuque Flight Standardizatin Manual 2/13/

44 SLOW FIGHT, STALLS, SPIN AWARENESS University f Dubuque Flight Standardizatin Manual 2/13/

45 SLOW FLIGHT MINIMUM RECOVERY ALTITUDE = 1500 AGL AIRSPEED = MINIMUM CONTROLLABLE (Pvt-0+10) (Cmm -0+5) ENTRY HEADING = cardinal PICK = pick a place t d the maneuver PICK = pick an EMERGENCY LANDING AREA CHECK = d the PRE-MANEUVER CHECKLIST LOOK = check fr traffic using standard UD prcedures PROCEDURE AT SLOW CRUISE, STRAIGHT & LEVEL, FLAPS UP REDUCE POWER t 1500 RPM r 15 GEAR dwn MAINTAIN ALTITUDE increase pitch t make up fr lss f pwer SLOW TO MINIMUM CONTROLLABLE AIRSPEED increase pwer as necessary MAINTAIN ALTITUDE increase pwer t make up fr lss f altitude MAINTAIN HEADING STABILIZE AIRSPEED at minimum cntrllable TRIM CHECK TRAFFIC / ENGINE TURN 90 LEFT 20 ±10 max bank STABILIZE n new heading CHECK TRAFFIC verbal call TURN 90 RIGHT 20 ±10 max bank STABILIZE n new heading CHECK TRAFFIC, ENGINE, & FUEL GAUGES (call ut) University f Dubuque Flight Standardizatin Manual 2/13/

46 CLIMBING SLOW FLIGHT ZERO FLAP SETTING CHECK TRAFFIC / ENGINE (call ut) FULL POWER climb at slw flight speed 90 CLIMBING TURN 20 ±10 max bank STABILIZE n NEW HEADING and ALTITUDE LEVEL OFF CHECK TRAFFIC / ENGINE (call ut) University f Dubuque Flight Standardizatin Manual 2/13/

47 LEVEL SLOW FLIGHT WITH FLAPS FIRST FLAP SETTING CHECK TRAFFIC / ENGINE (call ut) FLAPS SET TURNS 90 left and right STABILIZE n NEW HEADING CHECK TRAFFIC / ENGINE (call ut) SECOND FLAP SETTING CHECK TRAFFIC / ENGINE (call ut) FLAPS SET POWER as required 90 TURNS 20 ±10 max bank STABILIZE n NEW HEADING LEVEL OFF CHECK TRAFFIC, ENGINE, & FUEL GAUGES (call ut) University f Dubuque Flight Standardizatin Manual 2/13/

48 DESCENDING SLOW FLIGHT FULL FLAPS STRAIGHT DESCENT CHECK TRAFFIC / ENGINE (call ut) FLAPS SET POWER reduce fr descent while maintaining slw flight STABILIZED DESCENT ON HEADING r with TURNS RECOVER TO STRAIGHT & LEVEL SLOW FLIGHT CHECK TRAFFIC / ENGINE / FUEL (call ut) RECOVERY FULL POWER and CLEAN UP AIRCRAFT/per POH RECOVER TO STRAIGHT & LEVEL CRUISE CHECK TRAFFIC, ENGINE, & FUEL GAUGES (call ut) PERFORM CRUISE CHECKLIST University f Dubuque Flight Standardizatin Manual 2/13/

49 POWER OFF STALLS Straight and turning in all flap cnfiguratin MINIMUM ALTITUDE = recver by 1500 AGL SEL 3000'AGL MEL ENTRY AIRSPEED = final apprach speed ENTRY HEADING = as specified by instructr SCENARIO = simulate aircraft in the landing r slw flight cnfiguratin PICK = Select a place t d the maneuver PICK = Select an EMERGENCY LANDING AREA CHECK = Perfrm the PRE-MANEUVER CHECKLIST. LOOK = Check fr traffic using standard UD prcedures PROCEDURE AT SLOW CRUISE.. REDUCE POWER t begin descent 1200 rpm FLAPS AS SPECIFIED / GEAR DOWN / PROPS FORWARD STABILIZE AIRSPEED at apprach speed TRIM HANDS OFF straight descent r 20 banked descent POWER TO IDLE PITCH UP smthly t stall attitude KEEP BALL CENTERED with rudder CALL STALL WARNINGS slppy cntrls stall hrn buffet CALL THE STALL NOTE: INSTRUCTORS SHOULD ALSO DEMONSTRATE THE MUSHING STALL. Stall recvery shuld be initiated at the fllwing stages: Private - after the stall ccurs Cmmercial - as the stall ccurs Instrument - at the first indicatin f the stall RECOVERY RELEASE ELEVATOR BACK-PRESSURE INCREASE POWER t maximum allwable LEVEL WINGS using crdinated cntrls RETRACT FLAPS t 20 in C172 MAINTAIN HEADING POSITIVE RATE OF CLIMB RETRACT LANDING GEAR, in TB20 RETRACT FLAPS incrementally as airspeed increases RETURN TO ALTITUDE and SPEED as specified by instructr CHECK TRAFFIC, ENGINE, & FUEL GAUGES (call ut) PERFORM CRUISE CHECKLIST University f Dubuque Flight Standardizatin Manual 2/13/

50 POWER ON STALLS Flight: Straight and turning MINIMUM ALTITUDE = RECOVER BY 1500 AGL SEL 3000' AGL MEL AIRSPEED = rtate speeds per POH HEADING = as specified by instructr SCENARIO = simulate aircraft stall in takeff cnfiguratins PICK = Select a place t d the maneuver PICK = Select an EMERGENCY LANDING AREA CHECK = Perfrm the PRE-MANEUVER CHECKLIST. LOOK = Check fr traffic using standard UD prcedures PROCEDURE SLOW TO LIFT-OFF SPEED FLAPS 0 r TAKEOFF GEAR DOWN & UP AT V R APPLY TAKEOFF POWER full (r as per PTS/AFM) AT ROTATE SPEED... PITCH & TRIM FOR NORMAL CLIMB PITCH FOR STALL ATTITUDE KEEP BALL CENTERED WITH RUDDER CALL STALL WARNINGS CALL THE STALL - ME RECOVER at HORN slppy cntrls stall hrn buffet Nte: Stall recvery shuld be initiated at the fllwing stages: Private - after the stall ccurs Cmmercial - as the stall ccurs Instrument - at first indicatin f stall Multi-Engine - at first indicatin f stall RECOVERY RELEASE BACK-ELEVATOR PRESSURE pitch t the hrizn MAXIMUM POWER if nt already at maximum allwable LEVEL WINGS using crdinated cntrls PITCH FOR Vx CLIMB at and TRIM fr Vx MAINTAIN HEADING POSITIVE RATE OF CLIMB GEAR UP FLAPS UP at an apprpriate altitude University f Dubuque Flight Standardizatin Manual 2/13/

51 PITCH FOR Vy RETURN TO ALTITUDE, HEADING, and SPEED as specified by instructr CHECK TRAFFIC, ENGINE, & FUEL GAUGES (call ut) PERFORM CRUISE CHECKLIST University f Dubuque Flight Standardizatin Manual 2/13/

52 ACCELERATED STALLS Flight: Straight and turning MINIMUM ALTITUDE = recver by 3000' AGL AIRSPEED = maneuvering speed HEADING = as specified by instructr SCENARIO = turning stall PICK = Select a place t d the maneuver PICK = Select an EMERGENCY LANDING AREA CHECK = Perfrm the PRE-MANEUVER CHECKLIST. LOOK = Check fr traffic using standard UD prcedures PROCEDURE AT LOW CRUISE FLAPS UP - GEAR UP ROLL INTO STEEP BANK (45 ) LEVEL TURN * Reduce Pwer RPM/15" MAP Prpeller - full frward if applicable STABILIZE IN TURN speed = VS1 + 20: CENTER BALL APPLY BACK-ELEVATOR PRESSURE FIRMLY FOR STALL CALL THE STALL Nte: Stall recvery shuld be initiated as the stall ccurs. RECOVERY RELEASE APPROPRIATE BACK-ELEVATOR PRESSURE ADD FULL POWER LEVEL WINGS PITCH TO MAINTAIN Vx then Vy RETURN TO ALTITUDE, HEADING, and SPEED as specified by instructr CHECK TRAFFIC, ENGINE, & FUEL GAUGES (call ut) PERFORM CRUISE CHECKLIST University f Dubuque Flight Standardizatin Manual 2/13/

53 CROSS-CONTROLLED STALLS Flight: Straight and turning Flaps: N flaps MINIMUM ALTITUDE = recver by 1500 AGL AIRSPEED = apprach speed HEADING = as specified by instructr SCENARIO = simulate aircraft stall during base t final turn r while slipping n final PICK = Select a place t d the maneuver PICK = Select an EMERGENCY LANDING AREA CHECK = Perfrm the PRE-MANEUVER CHECKLIST. LOOK = Check fr traffic using standard UD prcedures PROCEDURE FLAPS UP & GEAR DOWN r as specified THROTTLE TO APPROACH SETTING DESCENDING ON BASE AT APPROACH SPEED OVERSHOOT FINAL ROLL INTO MEDIUM BANK TURN TO RE-ESTABLISH FINAL APPLY EXCESS RUDDER INTO THE TURN APPLY EXCESS AILERON TO THE OUTSIDE OF TURN PITCH UP CALL THE STALL Nte: Stall recvery shuld be initiated as the stall ccurs. RECOVERY RELEASE ALL CONTROL PRESSURES FULL POWER LEVEL WINGS PITCH FOR Vx HOLD Vx and get POSITIVE RATE OF CLIMB GEAR UP RETURN TO ALTITUDE, HEADING, and SPEED as specified by instructr CHECK TRAFFIC, ENGINE, & FUEL GAUGES (call ut) PERFORM CRUISE CHECKLIST University f Dubuque Flight Standardizatin Manual 2/13/

54 ELEVATOR TRIM STALLS Flight: Straight and turning MINIMUM ALTITUDE = recver by 1500 AGL AIRSPEED = final apprach speed HEADING = as specified by instructr SCENARIO = simulate aircraft stall during g-arund PICK = Select a place t d the maneuver PICK = Select an EMERGENCY LANDING AREA CHECK = Perfrm the PRE-MANEUVER CHECKLIST. LOOK = Check fr traffic using standard UD prcedures PROCEDURE THROTTLE TO APPROACH SETTING FLAPS TO LANDING GEAR DOWN DESCENDING AT FINAL APPROACH SPEED TRIMMED FOR STABILIZED APPROACH GO-AROUND DECISION FULL POWER r as instructed PITCH FOR NORMAL CLIMB ATTITUDE TRY TO TRIM FOR NORMAL CLIMB ATTITUDE CALL THE STALL Nte: Stall recvery shuld be initiated as the stall ccurs. RECOVERY APPLY FORWARD PRESSURE t prevent stall PITCH FOR Vx LEVEL WINGS HOLD Vx and get POSITIVE RATE OF CLIMB FLAP, GEAR, FLAP UP TRIM FOR STABILIZED CLIMB RETURN TO ALTITUDE, HEADING, and SPEED as specified by instructr CHECK TRAFFIC, ENGINE, & FUEL GAUGES (call ut) PERFORM CRUISE CHECKLIST University f Dubuque Flight Standardizatin Manual 2/13/

55 SECONDARY STALLS Applies t all stall scenaris MINIMUM ALTITUDE = RECOVER BY 1500 AGL AIRSPEED = as apprpriate fr the stall being used HEADING = as specified by instructr SCENARIO = immediately after any stall RECOVERY RELEASE BACK PRESSURE t break the stall FULL POWER APPLY BACK PRESSURE AGGRESIVELY t recver CALL THE SECONDARY STALL RELEASE BACK PRESSURE and accelerate t Vx HOLD Vx and get POSITIVE RATE OF CLIMB FLAP, GEAR, FLAPS UP PITCH FOR/AND HOLD Vy RETURN TO ALTITUDE, HEADING, and SPEED as specified by instructr CHECK TRAFFIC, ENGINE, & FUEL GAUGES (call ut) PERFORM CRUISE CHECKLIST University f Dubuque Flight Standardizatin Manual 2/13/

56 SPIN AWARENESS NOTE: SPIN TRAINING, IN AIRCRAFT, IS RESERVED FOR CFI STUDENTS GROUND NAME SITUATIONS WHERE SPINS ARE POSSIBLE REVIEW THE AFM/POH FOR STALL/SPIN INFORMATION Is the airplane APPROVED fr spins? Are there special prcedures fr entry and recvery? MAKE SURE THE AIRPLANE WEIGHT & BALANCE (CG) IS APPROPRIATE PERFORM A THOROUGH SPIN PREFLIGHT INSPECTION Remve all lse items PICK = Select a place t d the maneuver PICK = Select an EMERGENCY LANDING AREA CHECK = Perfrm the PRE-MANEUVER CHECKLIST. LOOK = Check fr traffic using standard UD prcedures PROCEDURE ENTRY PHASE REDUCE POWER slwly t idle... and... PITCH SMOOTHLY t stall attitude AILERONS NEUTRAL r per POH/AFM JUST PRIOR TO STALL... APPLY FULL RUDDER smthly in the directin yu want t spin PITCH UP FULLY and HOLD until recvery begins INCIPIENT PHASE begins at the stall and cntinues t the ne-turn pint MAINTAIN FULL RUDDER int the spin MAINTAIN FULL BACK ELEVATOR PRESSURE MAINTAIN AILERONS NEUTRAL r per POH/AFM COUNT ONE TURN RECOVERY PHASE Recver at ne cmplete turn using POH/AFM PROCEDURE. N written prcedure? Then use the fllwing prcedure: POWER TO IDLE AILERONS NEUTRAL FULL OPPOSITE RUDDER then immediately... POSITIVE PITCH DOWN past the neutral psitin t break the stall NEUTRAL RUDDER after rtatin has stpped... then... SMOOTH PITCH UP t recver frm the dive and... RECOVER TO CRUISE CHECK TRAFFIC, ENGINE, & FUEL GAUGES (call ut) PERFORM CRUISE CHECKLIST University f Dubuque Flight Standardizatin Manual 2/13/

57 EMERGENCY DESCENT: FLIGHT: Required by uncntrllable fire, lss f cabin pressurizatin, r any situatin demanding an immediate and rapid descent. MINIMUM ALTITUDE = recver high enugh t ensure a safe recvery back t level flight r a precautinary landing. PICK = Select a place t d the maneuver PICK = Select an EMERGENCY LANDING AREA CHECK = Perfrm the PRE-MANEUVER CHECKLIST LOOK = Check fr traffic using standard UD prcedures PROCEDURE THROTTLE/S IDLE PROP/S FORWARD/ MIXTURE/S FULL RICH * FUEL PUMP/S ON * AIRSPEED LANDING GEAR DOWN ROLL INTO DEGREE BANK - maintain psitive lad factr AIRSPEED max RECOVERY *RECOVER SO AS TO RETURN TO LEVEL FLIGHT OR PRECAUTIONARY LANDING AS DIRECTED *LEVEL WINGS / ADD POWER / CLIMB OUT / CLEAN UP OR CONTINUE WITH FORCED LANDING *RETURN TO ALTITUDE, HEADING, and SPEED as specified by instructr WARNING: If emergency descent is cnducted in turbulent cnditins d nt exceed Va * If emergency descent is a result f an engine fire - Mixtures and Fuel Pumps - OFF University f Dubuque Flight Standardizatin Manual 2/13/

58 Appendix I Multi - Engine Operatins Beware f Distractins *Mst gear-up landings are the result f distractins. *Be mindful f this, particularly in traffic patterns and while practicing single-engine landings. University f Dubuque Flight Standardizatin Manual 2/13/

59 SLOW FLIGHT MINIMUM RECOVERY ALTITUDE = 3000 AGL AIRSPEED = MINIMUM CONTROLLABLE (Cmm -0+5) ENTRY HEADING = cardinal PICK = Select a place t d the manuver. PICK = Select an EMERGENCY LANDING AREA CHECK = Perfrm the PREMANUVER CHECKLIST. LOOK = Check fr traffic using standard UD prcedures. PROCEDURE AT MANEUVERING SPEED, STRAIGHT & LEVEL, FLAPS UP REDUCE POWER t r 15 MP EXTEND LANDING GEAR PROPELLERS full frward belw 100 KIAS MAINTAIN ALTITUDE increase pitch t cmpensate fr lss f pwer SLOW TO MINIMUM CONTROLLABLE AIRSPEED increase pwer as necessary NOTE: With partial pwer airspeed may be reduced t the extent required t cntinually hear the stall warning hrn. MAINTAIN ALTITUDE increase pwer t cmpensate fr lss f altitude/airspeed MAINTAIN HEADING STABILIZE AIRSPEED at minimum cntrllable TRIM CHECK TRAFFIC / ENGINE TURN 90 LEFT 20 ±5 max bank STABILIZE n new heading CHECK TRAFFIC verbal call TURN 90 RIGHT 20 ±5 max bank STABILIZE n new heading CHECK TRAFFIC, ENGINE, & FUEL GAUGES (call ut) University f Dubuque Flight Standardizatin Manual 2/13/