Improvement of vehicle and road safety at national and international level

Transcription

1 Improvement of vehicle and road safety at national and international level Ernst Tomasch

2 An accident is an unexpected or surprised incident which changes the situation of vehicles involved as well as situations of passengers or pedestrians Improvement of vehicle and road safety at national and international level 2

3 International National PENDANT ZEDATU ROLLOVER RISER Improvement of vehicle and road safety at national and international level 3

4 PENDANT Pan-European Co-ordinated Accident and Injury Databases Co-ordinatior Vehicle Safety Research Centre Loughborough University Improvement of vehicle and road safety at national and international level 4

5 PENDANT Project Structure Project Structure WP 1 Development of accident investigation tools & procedures Leader: TU Graz WP 2 Development & analysis of indepth crash injury database for car occupants Leader: VSRC WP 3 Hospital based data Leader: INRETS Improvement of vehicle and road safety at national and international level 5

6 Main outputs of accident investigation Harmonised injury coding method Recommendations and guidelines for harmonised accident investigation practice Methods to predict casualty reductions of both accident and injury reduction measures Improvement of vehicle and road safety at national and international level 6

7 Harmonised injury coding method Improvement of vehicle and road safety at national and international level 7

8 Types of Injury Coding Systems Classification with primary use in mortality (International Classification of Diseases - ICD) Modified classification with primary use in reimbursement; (developed from the ICD-9 and used in North America for reimbursement of Medicare) Severity with focus on identification of injury (Abbreviated Injury Scale - AIS) Severity with focus on location of injury (US National Automotive Sampling System - NASS) Impairment with focus on identification of injury (Functional Capacity Index - FCI) Improvement of vehicle and road safety at national and international level 8

9 Systems in existence worldwide International Classification of Diseases - ICD Abbreviated Injury Scale - AIS National Automotive Sampling System NASS Functional Capacity Index - FCI AO fracture classification (Arbeitsgemeinschaft fuer Ostosynthesefragen) Organ Injury Scaling - OIS Glasgow Coma Score - GCS Revised Trauma Score - RTC Improvement of vehicle and road safety at national and international level 9

10 Limitations of coding systems Describe only specific body regions Comprehensive classification of fractures to the skeletal region Differentiation between severity within an organ Covers the major abdominal and thoracic organs Relating to head injury and even then only describes the consequences of the injury and not the injury itself Provides an overall score for the associated level of trauma Improvement of vehicle and road safety at national and international level 10

11 Appropriate Injury Codes Which information should the system perform? Detailed injury description Injury location Severity of injury Flexible system to accommodate changes over time Easily to use and relevant for the project Possible Injury Coding Systems for PENDANT AIS ICD Neither AIS or ICD comprehensively addresses the needs of the project to develop a system for PENDANT would require a significiant investment of ressources Improvement of vehicle and road safety at national and international level 11

12 Suitable coding system: AIS Injury location Injury description Severity Easy for use Flexible Is used in vehicle safety research since 1960 s MAIS and ISS are used in conjunction NISS and TRISS could be used as well Improvement of vehicle and road safety at national and international level 12

13 Recommendations and guidelines for harmonised accident investigation practice Improvement of vehicle and road safety at national and international level 13

14 Purpose Vehicle Safety Institute ensure that accident data collected by several organisations are directly comparable overview at which thinks investigator has to look at Improvement of vehicle and road safety at national and international level 14

15 Accident investigation on-scene combination retrospective measuring of accident scene take evidence of accident measuring vehicle (exterior interior) classify collision CDC record injuries reconstruct accident Input from police Support from police necessary Investigator Improvement of vehicle and road safety at national and international level 15

16 Measuring accident scene Conventional Photogrammetry (PC-Rect) Aerial photography Evidence on-scene Throwing range of broken glass Skid marks from movement, locked wheels, sliding vehicles Skid mark interference Vehicle measurement - CDC Evidence of vehicle Damage-, Material-, Wiping - Abrasion, melting marks Biological traces Webbing marks Triangle measuring Improvement of vehicle and road safety at national and international level 16

17 Methods to predict casualty reductions of both accident and injury reduction measures Improvement of vehicle and road safety at national and international level 17

18 Estimating casualty and injury reductions Analysis to compare the casualty of single accidents of cars with and without Electronic Stability Programme (ESP) Compare single car accidents with cars not equipped with ESP and reconstruct these cases with the assumption car was equipped with ESP Influence of engineering countermeasures to predict the acceleration, deformation and intrusion behaviour during a real world accident Predict injuries or the effect of engineering countermeasures on the injury risk of the occupants Improvement of vehicle and road safety at national and international level 18

19 Accident reconstruction - ESP Case source: MHH (Medical University Hannover) Wet road Driver didn t pay enough attention emergency manoeuvre to avoid collision with traffic sign steered to hard and had to countersteer Finally started skidding and lost control of vehicle Only slight injury Improvement of vehicle and road safety at national and international level 19

20 ROLLOVER Improvement of rollover safety for passenger vehicles Co-ordinator Improvement of vehicle and road safety at national and international level 20

21 ROLOVER Project Structure (1) Accident Statistics (5) Design Instructions & Demonstration (2) In-depth Accident Analysis (4) Virtual Test Methods Experimental Test Methods (3) Rolling Phase / Injury mechanisms Improvement of vehicle and road safety at national and international level 21

22 Aims & Innovations Electronic Database of Rollover accident in EC Categorisation of rollover types Detailed knowledge of different injury types and rollover mechanisms New numerical test methods New experimental test methods Design instruction for efficient rollover protection Suggestion for new or improved EC regulations Ideas for new restraint systems Improvement of vehicle and road safety at national and international level 22

23 Accident Statistics Source: GIDAS, CCIS, STATS 19, Spain 12% Spain Catalonia ~5-15% rollover accidents ~10-15% fatal/sever injured occupants Multiple impacts (2/3) Single vehicle rollovers (1/3) rate 10% 8% 6% 4% 2% First event impact rather than rollover 0% Accidents: Rollover / All Accidents Fatalities: Rollover /All Accidents Risk: Rollover Fatalities / Rollover Accidents Risk: All Fatalities / All Accidents Rate name Improvement of vehicle and road safety at national and international level 23

24 In-depth accident analysis Reconstruction of ~80 real world cases Occupant behaviour experiments Pre-roll phase 1st phase of roll Improvement of vehicle and road safety at national and international level 24

25 Classification Reconstruction estimates mechanical parameters (in 3-d): Tire forces Velocity Roll angle, - rate, -acceleration Rollrate [1/s] First phase of rollover rad/sec 90 last siginficant zero first phase of roll Importance on Roll rate as used in state-of-the-art technologies for detection Rollangle [deg] e.g. Impact induced rollover -5 2 Focus on roll rate roll angle dependency Rollrate [1/s] Rollangle [deg] Improvement of vehicle and road safety at national and international level 25

26 Rolling phase / Injury mechanisms Component tests for validation Full scale reconstruction of real world accidents Numerical simulation of occupant movement during roll Cause of injury summary Improvement of vehicle and road safety at national and international level 26

27 New tests methods (numerical / experimental) Vehicle Structure Restraint system Sensing system Trim and interior example: Inverted drop test Improvement of vehicle and road safety at national and international level 27

28 Outlook Vehicle Safety Institute Definition of criteria for different test methods Set-up demonstrator with improvements Partners: Verification of improvements by virtual methods Cost/Benefit analysis Improvement of vehicle and road safety at national and international level 28

29 RISER Roadside Infrastructure for Safer European Roads Co-ordinator Chalmers University of Technology Improvement of vehicle and road safety at national and international level 29

30 RISER Consortium CIDAUT (REC) CETE (GOV) TUG (HES) VR (IND) ERF (OTH) VSRC (HES) CTH (HES) HUT (HES) HIASA (IND) TNO (REC) CTH HUT VSRC TNO ERF VR CETE TUG HIASA CIDAUT Improvement of vehicle and road safety at national and international level 30

31 Problem to be Solved Up to 40% of traffic fatalities are single vehicle, off-road collisions Improvement of vehicle and road safety at national and international level 31

32 General European Figures % Traffic Fatalities Due to Single Vehicle Collisions (1995) (Source: ETSC Forgiving Roadsides Briefing) 18% Great Britain 25% Sweden, Finland, The Netherlands 31% France 42% Germany In fatality accidents: Most commonly struck objects are trees (usually 1/2 of all cases) Poles / lamp posts (approx 20%) Barriers (approx 20%) - depending on the roadway High speed & alcohol are often involved Improvement of vehicle and road safety at national and international level 32

33 Program Objectives To improve roadside safety in Europe, the following objectives have been identified: Identify collision data resources necessary for decision making (life cycle analysis, cost-benefit, road safety audits) Identify technical performance data for decision making Outline design, maintenance, and operations guidelines for roadside infrastructure Improvement of vehicle and road safety at national and international level 33

34 General Statistics Comparing road side furniture there are great differences in the frequency, fatality and injury risk but the trend shows a high fatality risk on tree and pole impacts. Regarding the vehicles involved in single vehicle accidents the research showed that this accident type mainly occurs for cars, vans and trucks. Motorcycle and moped crashes are minor important. Although motorcycle accidents have not a relevant influence on the accident statistics there is an high fatality rate within these kind of accidents. In the urban areas single vehicle accidents do not play a dominant role as they do in rural areas. Front end rear end collisions dominate, and lateral collisions and collisions with pedestrians exceed single vehicle accidents. The crash severity peaks of with bad weather conditions Improvement of vehicle and road safety at national and international level 34

35 RISER SVA Hit object and injury RISER SVA PER HIT OBJECT Remarkable is the high rate of none object hit in Spain (40 %) and the Netherlands (24 %). Safety Barrier impact is between 20 and 24 % for France, Spain and Great Britain, 13 % for Austria (only this category is reported in Austria) and 14 % for Sweden, but only 2 % for Spain. Ditch accidents are relevant for France (29 %) and Spain (15 %), but for the Netherlands no ditch accidents are reported 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% 1 SWE 3 FIN 4 AUT 5 FRA 6 ESP 7 GB 8 NL Total DATABASE 0 Unknown 1 None 2 Tree 3 Post 4 Safety Barrier 5 Ditch 6 Other natural object 7 Other man made structure 9 Other N/A RISER INJURY (FATAL, SERIOUS, SLIGHT) SVA PER HIT OBJECT 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% 6% 4% 10% 7% 15% 19% 23% 24% 22% 3% 15% 9% 34% 10% 10% 10% 10% 18% 36% 15% 20% 100% 14% 30% 33% 24% 8% 5% 11% 15% 14% 12% 6% 11% 14% 40% 10% 18% 29% 24% 20% 15% 10% 6% 1 SWE 3 FIN 4 AUT 5 FRA 6 ESP 7 GB 8 NL Total There are great differences in the frequency of the object types. The distribution of RISER injury SVA for hit object is for none object hit between 6 % (F) and 40 % (E), for tree between 9 % (E) and 33 % (NL), for post between 6 % (F) and 15 % (GB), for safety barrier between 2 % (E) and 30 % (S), for ditch between 10 % (GB) and 37 % (SF), for other natural object between < 1 % (GB) and 10 % (S), for other man made structure it is between 2 % (GB) and 22 % (S), 1 None 2 Tree 3 Post 4 Safety Barrier 5 Ditch 6 Other natural object 7 Other man made structure 9 Other Improvement of vehicle and road safety at national and international level 35

36 RISER conclusions international comparability of these data is very limited as they are based on widely differing national injury definitions different level of reporting accident types different national characteristics Improvement of vehicle and road safety at national and international level 36

37 ZEDATU Zentrale Datenbank tödlicher Unfälle mit Auswertung der Vermeidbarkeitsmöglichkeiten Co-ordinator Improvement of vehicle and road safety at national and international level 37

38 Accident statistics 2004 Source: Austrian Safety and Prevention Board - Institute for Road Accident Statistics Fatalities Accidents Injuries Improvement of vehicle and road safety at national and international level 38

39 Injuries - Fatalities Source: Austrian Safety and Prevention Board - Institute for Road Accident Statistics Injuries: 63,5% cars 31,7% pedestrians, bicycles and motorcycles 4,8% others Fatalities: 54,6% cars 37,8% pedestrians, bicycles and motorcycles 7,6% others Improvement of vehicle and road safety at national and international level 39

40 Reason for this project Situation 2002 in comparison to 2001 (source: road accidents with injured persons +0,2% injured +0,7% 956 fatalities -0,2% No significant improvement on fatalities Improvement of vehicle and road safety at national and international level 40

41 Situation 2004 Situation 2004 in comparison to 2003 (source: road accidents with injured persons -1,8% injured -1,8% 878 fatalities -5,7% accidents fatalities Gap: Accidents: % Fatalities: % difference / debit current difference / debit current Improvement of vehicle and road safety at national and international level 41

42 Goal Database with detailed Information Based on STAIRS/PENDANT including RISER and ROLLOVER data fields General accident data Vehicle data Road infrastructure Occupant and pedestrian injuries Statistical accident scene significance Different accident scene - same significance Analysis and methods for avoidance Structural Optical Conceptual Improvement of vehicle and road safety at national and international level 42

43 Example: single vehicle accident with tree Straight road with a right bend at the end and slight elevation Situation: Too fast Not belted No safety barrier in the bend Result: Head contact with windscreen Driver was jammed in car Died in accident Improvement: Safety barrier along bend Improvement of vehicle and road safety at national and international level 43

44 Vehicle Safety Institute Test of road side barriers Source: DELTA BLOC ( Test configuration: kg, 65 km/h - 20 Prevent vehicles crossing the median Improvement of vehicle and road safety at national and international level 44

45 Conclusions Harmonised methodology to collect accidents STAIRS based enhanced protocoll by PENDANT, RISER, ROLLOVER, CARE Harmonised injury coding These projects will be finished this year Potential in new member states Reach goal of Improvement of vehicle and road safety at national and international level 45

46 Thank you for your attention Improvement of vehicle and road safety at national and international level 46