ANALYTICAL HIERARCHY PROCESS FOR ROAD ACCIDENT OF MOTORCYCLE IN INDIA: A CASE STUDY

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1 International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET) Volume 8, Issue 7, July 2017, pp , Article ID: IJMET_08_07_145 Available online at ISSN Print: and ISSN Online: IAEME Publication Scopus Indexed ANALYTICAL HIERARCHY PROCESS FOR ROAD ACCIDENT OF MOTORCYCLE IN INDIA: A CASE STUDY Jasvinder Singh Assistant Professor, School of Mechanical Engineering, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India. Mahipal Singh Assistant Professor, School of Mechanical Engineering, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India. Anil Baliram Ghubade Assistant Professor, School of Mechanical Engineering, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India. Manjinder Singh Assistant Professor, School of Mechanical Engineering, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India. ABSTRACT Objective: In the current case study, the most risk factor of motorcycle accident in India has been investigated through the analytical hierarchy process. In current scenario, the rate of motorcycle road accident percentage gets increasing day by day in India. The major risk factor has been investigated with the help of Cognitive work analysis. The Questioners in a printed form to be answered by an individual on the blank space sets of such forms are distributed to groups containing around fifty people among the society to obtain statistical information. The brilliant suggestions offered for acceptance were gathered for cognitive work analysis to increase the motor cycle accidents of applying preventive operation and analytical hierarchy process. As the outcome of instruction identified in the rating of factors deciding the road traffic protection was made. In results, it is valuable underlining that the demonstrated ranking depends not only on a judgment for the relevant rankings of factors, but also on presumed essential standards. The primary intention was to show one of the feasible accesses elements affecting road precaution by applying the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). The current outcome and risk factors can be implemented by the motor-cycle driver for reducing the road accidents in India editor@iaeme.com

2 Jasvinder Singh, Mahipal Singh, Anil Baliram Ghubade and Manjinder Singh Key words: Cognitive Work Analysis, Analytical Hierarchy Process, Risk Factor of Accident, Consistency Index, Consistency Ratio. Cite this Article: Jasvinder Singh, Mahipal Singh, Anil Baliram Ghubade and Manjinder Singh Analytical Hierarchy Process for Road Accident of Motorcycle in India: A Case Study. International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology, 8(7), 2017, pp INTRODUCTION A hypothetical record for breaking down complex social frameworks is done by intellectual work examination and this framework depends on its general common sense on the societal procedures and practice. In our daily life, we are helped furthermore obliged by the traits of the workspace or work field, the structure of that work handles, the items it contains and the common sense of those articles. In the event that we are to creation of human work, we have to define a useful work development that both backing and limits work in viable and shocking ways [1]. There are likewise psychological possibilities and limitations that figure the work of both people and as gatherings. Subjective work inspect can be dissected into six levels in cognitive work analysis; 1. The possibilities and limitations associated with the work area, 2. The possibilities and limitations associated with work association, 3. The psychologist says associate with subjective work, errands something is available, comprehensive and the intellectual procedures used to change mediate intellectual states (Case, the procedure used for transformation from being perceptive that something is shown to acknowledging what it implies), 4. The intellectual plans that might be utilized to perform the subjective methodology, 5. The intellectual ways (abilities, principles and information) utilized as a part of execution of psychological techniques and 6. The possibilities and limitations related to social association, particularly those connected with the course and scattering of work and with correspondence and coordination [2-3]. Some research investigates the elements from a learning based procedure and causes organization is about adapting to the debate intercede yield and insurance [4]. Tonnard, Patrick M.D. (2013) in this article demonstrates that plans based models from the field of biotechnology have a principal part to act in street convey example and rating [5]. The nature of cruiser driving and the results from fortuity contemplates foundation it as a noteworthy area of disguise in street defensive and human execution in manufacturing surroundings figures on the discernment requires of the controller and the detected character of work life appoint [6]. By one researcher it has been proposed that the goal of the secured breakdown was to execute the dispositions of street client safety measure between different street clients and study the association among states of mind, sensitivity and cognizance in bike insurance [7]. Some research proposed the plans of defensive course partnered with system of gave twowheel vehicles (cruisers and bikes) and by trotting on risk components, this sort of break down neglect to execute the powers of the plans in any significance. Another researcher investigated about the portray subgroups of cruiser rides with a particularly high fortuity cause and to perceive the related cause components at work [8] editor@iaeme.com

3 Analytical Hierarchy Process for Road Accident of Motorcycle in India: A Case Study 2. MATERIAL AND METHODS The ultimate aim of this paper is to find out the prime reason responsible for the accident. So such a conclusion is obtained from the results of prevailing records of accidents and human perceptions received from interviewing motorcyclists and riders. An interview is to be conducted and the respective data to be recorded additionally mathematical calculations (Analytic hierarchy process) will be done The Analytic Hierarchy Process The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), presented by Thomas (1980), is a productive instrument for adapting to a coordination compound conclusion, making, and may help the conclusion producer to mastermind priority and develop the great conclusion. By taking out complex determination to a regular of match savvy equivalences, and after that blending the results, the AHP helps to get both subject and aims actualities of a conclusion How the AHP working process and its features The AHP looks at a set of valuation limits, and a fix of option amid that the better conclusion is to be created. It is potential to mark that, since some of the limits could be counterpointing, it is not real in normal that the good choice is the one that minimize each individual standard, better the one which attains the most adaptable trade between the various standard. The AHP is simple on the grounds that there is no interest of developing a troublesome capable framework with the conclusion maker expertise embedded in it. On the other side, the AHP may require an awesome number of valuations by the labourer, especially for issues with numerous measures and decision Execution of the AHP The AHP can be implemented in three simple consecutive steps: 1. Calculating the vector of standard loads. 2. Calculating the matrix of choice marks. 3. Rating the choices Calculating the vector of standard loads With a specific end goal to figure the heaps for the few measures, the AHP moves making a set shrewd identicalness matrix A. The lattice An is a m m real network, where m is the quantity of valuation measure respected. Every passage ajk of the network A presents1 the crucial of the jth benchmarks significant to the kth standard. On the off chance that ajk> 1, then the jth paradigm is more key than the kth standard, while if ajk< 1, then the jth standard is less crucial than the kth standard. On the off chance that two measures have the same inclination, then the passage ajkis 1.An includes ajk and akj meet the embracing limitation: Evidently, ajj= 1 for all j editor@iaeme.com

4 Rating Scale Intensity of importance Jasvinder Singh, Mahipal Singh, Anil Baliram Ghubade and Manjinder Singh Definition Table 1 Rating scale Explanation 1 Equal importance Two factors contribute equally to the objective Somewhat more Experience and judgment slightly favour one over the other 3 important 5 Much more important Experience and judgment strongly favour one over the other. 7 9 Very much more Important Absolutely more important 2,4,6,8 Intermediate values When compromise is needed Experience and judgment very strongly favour one over the other. Its importance is demonstrated in practice Evidence favouring one over the other is of the highest possible validity 2.4. Elements that may be admitted in the driver s group Elements like Driving the wrong-of-way, Not allowing priority to pedestrians, Unsuitable speed to traffic situations, Failing to follow with other signs and signals, Wrong overtaking, Tough braking, Wrong reversing Riding after alcohol or drugs, Falling asleep, Wrong lane changing, Wrong turning, Not maintain a safe space intervene vehicles, Riding without needed lights and Crossing red signals may be admitted in the driver group Elements related to the tactical position of the vehicle Elements related to the tactical position of the vehicle are faults in lights, Faults in tires, Improper of the breaking system, Improper of the steering system, with the road environment, Elements related to pedestrian traffic were connected, They are such as walking the improper side of the road, Stepping onto the street at alight, Crossing the road in front of a running vehicle, Crossing the road from behind an obstruction, Crossing the road in an unauthorized place Elements resulting from another cause Elements resulting from another cause are weather situations such as fog, rain, snow, Damage conditions of road, improper traffic management, Unconventional secured road works, Animal or objects on the road editor@iaeme.com

5 Analytical Hierarchy Process for Road Accident of Motorcycle in India: A Case Study 2.7. Risk Factor for Motorcycle Accidents Road Traffic safety Driver Elements Vehicle Elements Road Elements Environmental Elements Speeding Poor performance Road illumination Weather condition Lack of Spacing Components damage Traffic control Traffic float condition Violation of driving Sudden break down such asmechanical failure Pavement behavior Non-motorized vehicles and Drunk and fatigue driving Linear Road and slop pedestrians Improper operation Figure 1 Risk Factor for Accidents 3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION As per India Road Traffic Accident Statistics of 2013, 2014, 2015, blending the late position of street activity, the couple-wise equality lattices can be conveyed by expertness applying the scales in Table 2. Convey the framework an assignment level and the grids Bi of standard level. [9] A = = / /3 1/7 1/2 1 1/2 1/ / /5 1/7 1/3 1 1/ , =, = / /6 1/ /3 1/9 1/6 1/3 1 1/6 1/ / /3 1/6 1, = Table 2 Couple-Wise Comparison Table for AHP Preferences Numerical rating / /6 1/2 1 Verbal judgments of preferences 9 Extremely preferred 8 Very strongly to extremely 7 Very strongly preferred 6 Strongly to very strongly 5 Strongly preferred 4 Moderately to strongly 3 Moderately preferred 2 Equally to moderately 1 Equally preferred editor@iaeme.com

6 Jasvinder Singh, Mahipal Singh, Anil Baliram Ghubade and Manjinder Singh 3.1. Classifying and Consistency test There are different modes for that, for example, the straight root law, and the entirety item law et cetera. These records select the straight attach law to figure. The stages are as receives. Multiply the variables by lines of the grid. Extract a base of the item by n times, n is the network size. Normalize the root vectors. The Eigenvector of this grid can be accomplished by them recipe Wi = ( ij) 1/n / kj) 1/n, M = I = = / /3 A = 1/7 1/2 1 1/2 1/ Then, using the formula to normalize the column, the weight index can be achieved. [9] / / W A = = = / / RI can be gazed upward in below Table. The lattice is satisfactory when CR doesn't surpass 0.1, something else, the network should be balanced and the recalculated until that CR is under 0.1[6]. Table 3 Size of matrix Random consistency max = (( ) i / ni), max = , CI = ( ) / (4-1) = CR=CI/RI=0.0217/0.90=0.0241<0.1 where RI equals 0.9 when n equals 4. Hence, matrix A is acceptable. Similarly, the calculations of the matrixes Bi are as follows: CR = CI/CR = /0.901 = <0.1 Where RI rises to 0.9 when n approaches 4. Henceforth, framework an worthy. Correspondingly, the figuring of the frameworks Bi is as per the following: $ 1 2 ' $ ' # & # & W B1 = # 3 # 4 " 5% & & = # # " % & &, W B2 = ( 2) = ( ), W B3 = =, W B4 = ( 2) = ( 0.600) After calculation, all the matrixes have a satisfactory consistency, which means the matrixes are feasible and don t need to change Overall sorting and consistency test The consistence test ought to likewise be directed in the general sorting from the top layer to + + the base layer which can be accomplished by this CRB = CIB / RIB = * jcij / * jrij editor@iaeme.com

7 Analytical Hierarchy Process for Road Accident of Motorcycle in India: A Case Study Table 4 Sorting Of Risk Factors Index Factors affecting road traffic safety comprehensive weight index 1 Over speed Deficiency of spacing Wrong operation Traffic float condition Inadequate performance Weather condition Violation of driving Road illumination Linear road and slope Components damage Non-motorized vehicles and Pedestrians Drunk and fatigue driving Sudden break down such as mechanical failure Traffic control Pavement behaviour PREVENTIVE MEASURES OF ACCIDENTS From the total weight, a pie chart of elements affecting road traffic precaution can be obtained, as shown in figure editor@iaeme.com

8 Jasvinder Singh, Mahipal Singh, Anil Baliram Ghubade and Manjinder Singh Non-motorized vehicles and Pedestrians 2% Drunk and fatigue Linear road and slope 3% Road illumination 3% Violation of driving 5% Weather condition 7% Inadequate performance 8% comprehensive weight index driving 2% Traffic control Components damage 1% Pavement behavior 3% 1% Traffic float condition 13% Over speed 25% Deficiency of spacing 13% Wrong operation 13% Figure 2 Comprehensive Weight Index 3.4. Preventive Measure for Accidents By the diagram, individuals can instinctively watch the extent of different elements relating to street mishaps. The specific measures can be said as takes after: Enhance the character of drivers and measure consistently, insurance an inflexible go in the association of ensures component, brace the wellbeing over sight and disciplines, in this way, keep from mishap interruption. Enhance activity organization and guarantee, sustain out the administration system, redress the principles and directions, basis transport market, and in a general sense control the improvement, for example, over velocity, dispersing request, wrong operation, regular and tanked driving in the street, in like manner, guarantee the event of auto collisions viably. Amend vehicle operation, meanwhile, advance the phase of detecting and sustainment of vehicles, and point out clearly the segment of vehicles that request to create towards those with a hapless strategic operation. 4. CONCLUSION In this paper what are emerging issues that has led to motor cycle accident have been examined in detail moreover paramount issues primarily regarded for the occurrence of accidents has been shortlisted to reduce the unpleasant incidents Hardship which were mentioned in the case study was formed so as a questioners in a printed form to be answered by an individual on the blank space sets of such forms are distributed to groups containing around fifty people among the society to obtain statistical information. As the outcome of instruction identified in the rating of factors deciding the road traffic protection was made.. Studies of the priorities visuals most essential elements having impacts on road safety are Driving the wrong-of-way, Not allowing priority to pedestrians, Unsuitable speed to traffic situations, Failing to follow with other signs and signals, Wrong overtaking, Tough braking, Wrong reversing Riding after alcohol or drugs, All these most essential elements are from D group factors editor@iaeme.com

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