CORPORATE FALL PROTECTION PROGRAM

Transcription

1 Quality. Integrity. Experience. Electrical Engineers and Contractors Since 1918 Specializing in Design/Build CORPORATE FALL PROTECTION PROGRAM Pre-Planning Fall Protection Systems Training Inspection and Maintenance Reviewed 2/1/2010 W133 N5030 CAMPBELL DRIVE MENOMONEE FALLS, WISCONSIN TEL FAX MAILING ADDRESS P.O. BOX 917 BUTLER, WISCONSIN

2 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Introduction 3 Guardrail Systems 5 Personal Fall Arrest Systems 9 Personal Fall Restraint Systems 12 Warning Line Systems 13 Pre-Planning - Emergency Rescue 14 Fall Protection System Maintenance 14 Fall Protection Training 14 Aerial Lifts 16 Scissors Lifts 17 Ladders 21 Fall Protection Definitions Fall Protection Tool Box Talks Appendix A Appendix B Staff Electric Company, Inc. Fall Protection Program (Revised 2/1/00) 2

3 Introduction Each year, falls consistently account for the greatest number of fatalities in the construction industry. Among electrical contractors, falls accounted for 20% of reported fatalities. To ensure that fall exposures are identified and controlled, Staff Electric has developed a formal, written fall protection program. Staff Electric requires fall protection systems for any walking or working surface with an unprotected side or edge which is 6 feet or more above a lower level. There are four types of fall protection systems that Staff Electric utilizes to address fall exposures: guardrails, personal fall-arrest equipment, personal fall restraint equipment and warning line systems. Purpose: The purpose of Staff s fall protection program is to: Identify typical job site fall exposures and implement control measures; Provide guidelines for pre-planning to address unique job site exposures; Ensure that employees are trained to recognize fall hazards and are made aware of Staff s fall protection policies. Scope: (1) The provisions of Staff s fall protection program apply to every employee on a walking/working surface 6 feet or more above a lower level. (2) As of January 1 st, 1998, the use of body belts for fall arrest is prohibited. Body belts will not be a part of any of Staff s fall arrest systems. (3) On most construction sites, the General Contractor or the Construction Manager provides the fall protection (guardrails, hole covers, etc.). On projects where Staff is considered the Prime Contractor, fall protection systems will be provided by Staff Electric. Staff Electric Company, Inc. Fall Protection Program (Revised 2/1/00) 3

4 Responsibility: (1) It is the responsibility of the Safety Director to implement Staff Electric s fall protection program and assist with pre-planning. (2) It is the responsibility of the Project Managers and Foremen to conduct pre-operation planning to ensure that fall hazards are identified and addressed prior to individual task start up. (3) It is the responsibility of the Foremen to continually observe job site operations and to correct any unsafe acts or conditions immediately. (4) It is the responsibility of Staff employees to understand and adhere to the procedures of Staff s fall protection program and to follow the instructions of the Foremen. (5) It is the responsibility of the Foremen and employees to bring to management s attention any unsafe or hazardous conditions or acts that may cause injury to either themselves or any other employees. It is Staff Electric s responsibility to notify the general contractor if the fall protection systems in the areas in which Staff crews are working are inadequate. Fall Hazards (1) Leading edges created during demolition, structural metal deck, concrete formwork and pre-cast concrete installation. (2) Floor and roof perimeters that are unprotected by one of the permanent building enclosure systems. (3) Scaffolds, ladders and vehicle mounted elevating and rotating work platforms used to access elevated work areas. (4) Floor openings created during decking to accommodate ladders, stairways, skylights, elevators and mechanical/electrical equipment. (5) Wall or trash chute openings that are unprotected by a guardrail system. (6) Unprotected areas near or above dangerous equipment, impalement hazards from protruding rebar or conduit, hazardous chemicals, or other exposures that could significantly injure a person should they fall. Staff Electric Company, Inc. Fall Protection Program (Revised 2/1/00) 4

5 Safety Rules for Guardrail Systems Guardrail systems can be constructed of wood, piping, steel or wire rope. The top rail must be between 39 to 45 above the walking or working level. Unless there is a protective barrier or parapet wall at least 21 high, the guardrail system will require a midrail. Four-inch toeboards and screen mesh are required when there are overhead exposures. Wood Guardrailing App. B (1) Wood components shall be a minimum of 1500 lb-ft/in fiber (stress grade) construction grade lumber. Posts shall be at least 2-inch by 4-inch lumber spaced not more than 8 feet apart. The top rail shall be at least 2-inch by 4-inch lumber. Intermediate rails shall be at least 1-inch by 6- inch. Wire Cable or Rope Guardrailing (b) (9) Rails shall be at least one-quarter inch diameter to prevent cuts, etc. Wire rope shall be flagged at not more than 6 foot intervals. Staff Electric Company, Inc. Fall Protection Program (Revised 2/1/00) 5

6 Steel/Pipe Guardrailing App. B (2) Steel Guardrails Structural steel guardrails shall be at least 2-inch by 2-inch by 3/8-inch angles with posts spaced not more than 8 feet apart App. B (3) Pipe Guardrails Pipe guardrails shall be at least 1.5 inch schedule 40 pipe with posts spaced not more than 8 feet apart Guardrail systems must be able to withstand a force of 200 pounds applied within two inches of the top rail in any outward or downward direction. Guardrails must be surfaced in a way that will prevent punctures, lacerations and snags. When guardrailing is used in hoisting areas, a chain, gate or removable guardrail section must be placed across the access opening when hoisting operations are not taking place. Standard guardrails shall not be stepped on, climbed, straddled, used as ladders, leaned over or leaned through. Guardrails shall not be used as anchor points for fall arrest equipment unless a structural engineer approves them for that purpose. Guardrail systems need to be inspected on a daily basis by the installing contractor. Missing or damaged rails need to be repaired or replaced immediately. All floor/roof stairway and ladder openings shall have a guardrail installed at the landing. The guardrail will be arranged so that an employee cannot step directly into the stairway/ladder opening. Typically, the general contractor is responsible for erecting and maintaining guardrail systems. However, Staff Electric has been cited for failure to provide appropriate fall protection when crews were working in areas where a guardrail system was not in place. The general contractor should be notified if guardrailing in any area is inadequate. Staff Electric Company, Inc. Fall Protection Program (Revised 2/1/00) 6

7 Guarding of Floor Openings and Floor Holes (1) Floor openings shall be guarded by a standard railing and toeboards or cover. In general, the railing shall be provided on all exposed sides, except at entrances to stairways. (2) Ladderway floor openings or platforms shall be guarded by standard railings with standard toeboards on all exposed sides, except at the entrance to the opening. The entrance should be guarded with a swinging gate, a chain or the entrance can be offset such that a person cannot walk directly into the opening. (3) Hatchways and chute floor openings shall be guarded by one of the following: (a) Hinged covers of standard strength and construction and a standard railing with only one exposed side. When the opening is not in use, the cover shall be closed or the exposed side shall be guarded at both top and intermediate positions by removable standard railings; (b) A removable standard railing with toe board on not more than two sides of the opening and fixed standard railings with toeboards on all other exposed sides. The removable railing shall be kept in place when the opening is not in use and should preferably be hinged or mounted so as to be conveniently replaceable. (4) Wherever there is a danger of falling through a skylight opening, it shall be guarded by a fixed standard railing on all exposed sides or a cover capable of sustaining the weight of personnel and equipment. (5) Pits and trap door openings shall be guarded by floor opening covers of standard strength and construction. While the cover is not in place, the pit or trap opening shall be protected on all exposed sides by removable standard railings. (6) Manhole floor openings shall be guarded by standard covers capable of sustaining the weight of personnel, equipment and vehicles. While the manhole cover is not in place, the manhole opening shall be protected by standard railings. (7) Floor holes, into which persons can accidentally walk, shall be guarded by either a standard railing with standard toeboard on all exposed sides or a floor hole cover. A hole is defined as a gap or void 2 inches or more in its least dimension, in a floor, roof or other walking/working surface. Holes must be protected by a cover which is strong enough to support loads moving over it and are secured (cleated) to prevent movement. Cover should be marked HOLE or DO NOT REMOVE. While the cover is not in place, the floor hole shall be protected by a standard railing. Staff Electric Company, Inc. Fall Protection Program (Revised 2/1/00) 7

8 Guarding of Wall Openings Wall openings, from which there is a drop of more than 6 feet, and the bottom of the opening is less than 39 above the working surface, shall be guarded as follows: Doorways, windows and other wall openings must be protected by railings or by other means. When the height and placement of the opening is such that either a standard rail or intermediate rail will effectively reduce the danger of falling, one or both shall be provided. Guarding of Hoist Openings (1) When guardrails are used in hoisting areas, a minimum of four feet of guardrail shall be erected on each side of the access point through which materials are hoisted. (2) A chain or gate shall be placed across the opening between the guardrail sections when hoisting operations are not taking place. (3) If the guardrails are removed and no other protection exists, fall arrest must be utilized. When personal fall arrest systems are used, they shall not be attached to the hoist (b)(3) Employees shall be protected from falling 6 feet or more by guardrails or fall arrest systems. If guardrails must be removed to facilitate hoisting operations, and an employee must lean through the access opening or out over the edge of the access opening, that employee shall be protected by a fall arrest system. Staff Electric Company, Inc. Fall Protection Program (Revised 2/1/00) 8

9 Safety Rules for Personal Fall Arrest Equipment A personal fall arrest system is required if the type of construction, operational constraints, or other limiting factors prevent the use of guardrailing or warning lines. A personal fall arrest system consists of a full body harness, a shock absorbing lanyard and an anchorage point. As of 1/1/98, body belts are unacceptable as part of a personal fall arrest system. Anchorage Points Anchorage points used for attachment of personal fall arrest equipment must be independent of any anchorage used to support or suspend platforms and must be capable of supporting a minimum of 3,600 lb. when certification exists, or 5,000 lb. in the absence of certification. Anchorage points shall not include process piping, sprinkler piping, conduit or ductwork. Fall arrest systems must: Limit the maximum arresting force on a worker to 1,800 lb.; Be rigged so a worker cannot free fall more than 6 feet or contact any lower level; Bring a worker to a complete stop and limit maximum deceleration distance to 3.5 feet; Have sufficient strength to withstand twice the potential impact energy of a worker free-falling 6 feet or the free-fall distance permitted by the system, whichever is less. When using self retracting lanyards that automatically limit free fall distance to 2 feet or less, the anchorage point must be capable of supporting at least 3,000 lbs. per employee attached. Whenever possible, anchorage points should be located directly overhead to reduce the possibility of injury due to swing-fall hazards. Anchorage points will be designated in the pre-planning process by: Consulting with the general contractor or owner to identify anchorage points; Consulting a qualified person to designate anchorage points; Contacting a fall protection firm to install anchorage points. Lanyards Lanyards and vertical lifelines must have a minimum breaking strength of 5,000 lbs. Vertical lifelines may support only one person. Lanyards must not exceed 6 in length and should be as short as possible. To dissipate energy and limit deceleration forces imposed on the body during fall arrest, Staff has employed the use of shock absorbing lanyards. The shock absorbing lanyard dramatically decreases the total fall arresting forces and is designed to soften the impact of the arresting force on the worker. Shock absorbers elongate the lanyard up to 3.5 feet and the elongation distance must be considered when choosing an anchorage point. A lanyard shall not be tied off to itself unless it is designed for that purpose. Staff Electric has back biter (neon green) lanyards which are the only lanyards that are to be Staff Electric Company, Inc. Fall Protection Program (Revised 2/1/00) 9

10 used for this purpose. To maintain 100% fall protection, it may be necessary to use two lanyards, keeping one hooked at all times while moving. All employees shall be tied off 100% while exposed to fall hazards. Snaphooks All snaphooks shall be locking types (effective 1/1/98) with self-closing, self locking gates which remain closed and locked until intentionally unlocked and opened for connection or disconnection. Snaphooks shall be capable of being opened only by at least two consecutive deliberate actions. It is not permissible to engage snaphooks directly to webbing, rope, wire rope, each other, a D-ring to which another snaphook or connector is attached, or any incompatibly shaped object. Anchor slings are available to wrap around the anchor point to connect the lanyard snaphook. The harness D-ring should be located in the center of the wearer s back, near shoulder level. The anchorage point should be above the D-ring and should be located directly overhead if possible. Wrap Style Anchor Slings Wrap sling around anchor point. Connect appropriate fall protection equipment through D-rings. Choker Style Anchor Slings Wrap sling around anchor. Insert D-ring through webbing and pull taut. Connect appropriate fall protection equipment to the small D-ring. Harnesses The full body harness is preferable over the body belt because of its ability to spread arresting forces, as opposed to concentrating arresting forces to the soft, vulnerable midsection. Prolonged suspension in an upright manner without restriction of breathing is also possible with a full body harness. The full body harness with a sliding back D-ring provides additional shock absorption, helps to avoid excessive whipping of the neck during an arrest and positions the body in an upright manner to enable retrieval through narrow openings. The harness D-ring must be centered between the shoulder blades. If the D-ring migrates lower on the back, the shoulder straps may fall off the shoulders when the wearer stoops over. Staff Electric Company, Inc. Fall Protection Program (Revised 2/1/00) 10

11 In order for the harness to be fully effective, it must be adjusted properly to fit the wearer, and attached to an appropriate fall arrest system. Donning the Harness 1) Grasp the harness by the dorsal D-ring and shake until straps hang down from the harness body. 2) Slip on the shoulder straps one at a time as if you were putting on a jacket. Be careful not to twist the straps. 3) Individually adjust each shoulder strap by pulling or releasing the slack end so that the sub-pelvic strap is firmly in place under buttocks. 4) Pull each thigh strap through the crotch and fasten the parachute buckles. 5) Adjust the tension of the thigh straps by pulling or releasing the slack end of the strap. 6) Attach the chest strap parachute buckle and adjust the length so that the shoulder straps are centered on each shoulder. 7) Position the plastic strap keepers so that one is next to the parachute buckle and the other is at the far end of the excess strap. Be certain that the torso straps are adjusted so that the dorsal D-ring is in the center of the wearer s back. 8) The personal fall arrest system attached to the full body harness may only be attached to the dorsal D-ring. Dorsal D-ring is for fall arrest only. Side-hip D-rings are for positioning work. Chest D-rings or shoulder D-rings are designed for retrieval systems. During the course of work, all reasonable efforts should be made to ensure that the harness is protected from potential damage i.e., cuts, burns, caustic chemical exposure, abrasive elements, etc. If the harness is used in an environment where dangers such as this are prevalent, the harness should be inspected for damage before and after use. Any alteration, misuse, or abuse of this equipment may result in improper or unsafe function, or failure of the equipment. Users are not authorized to perform repairs or make modifications to the harness under any circumstances. Staff Electric Company, Inc. Fall Protection Program (Revised 2/1/00) 11

12 Inspection and Maintenance: Each employee using fall arrest or fall restraint systems must inspect the anchorage slings, body harnesses and lanyards prior to each use. Body Harnesses: Body harnesses need to be visually inspected before each use and at least twice annually by a competent person. Harness webbing shall be free from nicks or frayed material. All body harnesses require a legible tag that identifies the manufacturer. Equipment that does not have a legible manufacturer tag needs to be removed from service. Inspect the entire surface of the webbing for frayed edges, broken fibers, pulled stitches, cuts, excessive elongation, abrasion, excessive soiling or chemical damage. Broken webbing strands generally appear as tufts on the webbing surface. The D-ring should also be inspected to ensure that it is not deformed or cracked. Belts on the harnesses should not be altered in any way. Anchor Sling: Anchor slings need to be visually inspected before each use and at least twice annually by a competent person. Slings should be inspected for the following items: Label the label should be secure and easy to read. Webbing the entire length of webbing should be inspected for tears, cuts or fraying. Sewn terminations should be secure, complete and not visibly damaged. To inspect, begin at one end and bend a portion (6-8 ) into a U-shape. Check both sides and all straps along the entire length of the sling. Check for rough or sharp edges, corrosion, burrs, cracks, dents or distortion. Slings that are subject to paint or solvent over-spray must be removed from service. Lanyards: The rope lanyard should be inspected for fuzzy, worn, broken or cut fibers. Weakened areas will have noticeable changes in the original rope diameter. Safety Rules for Personal Fall Restraint Systems Staff Electric has utilized fall restraint systems in lieu of fall arrest systems when the restraint system is rigged in such a way that the employee can not access the fall hazard. Fall restraint systems must have the capacity to withstand at least 3,000 lb. of force or twice the maximum expected force that is needed to restrain the employee from the fall hazard. Staff Electric Company, Inc. Fall Protection Program (Revised 2/1/00) 12

13 Safety Rules for Warning Line Systems Warning line systems can be used as fall awareness barriers on low sloped or flat roofs when workers do not have to operate within 6 feet of the roof edge and the roof parapet is less than 39. A warning line system consists of ropes, wires, or chains, and supporting stanchions that form a barrier to warn workers when they are near an unprotected roof side or edge. Warning lines are to be erected around all sides of the roof work area. If no mechanical equipment is being used, the warning line is erected no closer than 6 feet from the edge of the roof. If mechanical equipment is being used, the warning line should be erected no closer than 10 feet from the edge of the roof. Staff Electric is utilizing a portable warning line system for quicker set-up and dismantling. The standard flagged line is heavy duty nylon cord rated at 690 lbs. tensile strength with yellow pennants spaced every five feet. Each stand is 39.5 high and weighs 35 lbs. The base width on each stand is 48 x 44. If work is required beyond the warning line, employees shall use an alternative fall arrest system. Inspection and Maintenance Warning line systems need to be inspected on a daily basis by the installing contractor. Warning line systems must enclose the entire construction area. Conditions such as sagging lines or inadequate stanchions need to be addressed immediately. Staff Electric Company, Inc. Fall Protection Program (Revised 2/1/00) 13

14 Pre-Planning - Emergency Rescue Pre-planning is critical to Staff s fall protection program. Pre-planning is one of the best means for ensuring that safety will be taken into account along with costs, schedules and quality. Planning will more than pay for itself in job safety, reduced labor and material costs and improvements in meeting job schedules. Large scale site planning should include identification of fall exposures and control measures. Fall protection equipment and anchorage points can then be selected and positioned for the most effective and safe use. Rescue procedures in the event of a fall should also be included in pre-planning. Refer to Appendix D for a sample pre-planning outline. Emergency rescue planning will include methods of rescue, rescue personnel availability, the type of equipment available for rescue and an effective means of summoning rescue personnel. Employees that are using personal fall arrest equipment shall not work alone. The amount of time that an individual can be suspended in a full body harness before sustaining internal injuries is limited. A study conducted for OSHA at the Wright- Patterson Air Force Base found that participants wearing safety belts were able to hang suspended in a jack-knife position for an average of 1 minute and 38 seconds. Subjects reported abdominal pressure and breathing difficulty. In comparison, the mean suspension time in a full body harness was 30 minutes and 7 seconds. Fall Protection System Maintenance Improper use of fall protection equipment dramatically increases the probability of serious injury. Prior to each use, all fall protection systems must be inspected for wear, damage and other deterioration. Any defective system or component must be immediately removed from service. The manufacturer s recommendations and installation instructions must be followed at all times. Fall Protection Training Prior to work requiring a personal fall arrest system, employees will be trained to select, inspect, use, store and maintain the equipment according to the requirements of Staff Electric s fall protection program. Training will be provided in the selection of equipment and will include: The nature of fall hazards in the work area; Where and when to use specific equipment and the selection criteria; How to use the equipment including the correct procedures for erecting, maintaining, disassembling, and inspecting fall protection systems; Proper methods of donning, adjusting, and interconnecting the equipment; Proper attachment locations on the equipment; Proper attachment methods including compatibility of the sizes of snaphooks, D- rings, and other connections to reduce the probability of accidental disengagement; What to do after a fall to protect the employee from injury; Emergency rescue planning including methods of rescue, rescue personnel availability and the type of equipment available for rescue. Staff Electric Company, Inc. Fall Protection Program (Revised 2/1/00) 14

15 Refer to Appendix B for Staff s Electric Fall Protection Training materials. Certification of fall protection training will include the name of the employee, the date of the training and the signature of the trainers. Refer to Appendix C for Staff s Electric s fall protection training certification. Retraining will be conducted when: there are changes in the workplace; there are changes in the types of fall protection systems; there are inadequacies in an affected employee s knowledge. Staff Electric Company, Inc. Fall Protection Program (Revised 2/1/00) 15

16 Safety Rules for Aerial Lifts Aerial lifts include extensible boom platforms, aerial ladders, articulating boom platforms, vertical towers or any combination of the above. Operators must be trained and certified to operate an aerial lift. The anchor points in the lift should be the same height as the operator s harness and must be authorized per the manufacturer s recommendations. All scissors lifts shall be operated according to the following guidelines: Lift controls shall be tested each day prior to use to determine that the controls are in safe working condition. Tying off to an adjacent pole, structure, or equipment while working from an aerial lift shall not be permitted. Employees shall always stand firmly on the floor of the basket, and shall not sit or climb on the edge of the basket or use planks, ladders, or other devices to elevate work position, A body harness with a shock absorbing lanyard or a retracting lanyard that is attached to the boom or basket shall be worn when operating an aerial lift. Boom and basket load limits specified by the manufacturer shall not be exceeded. The brakes shall be set and when outriggers are used, they shall be positioned on pads or a solid surface. Wheel chocks shall be installed when using an aerial lift on an incline. An aerial lift truck shall not be moved when the boom is elevated in a working position with personnel in the basket, unless the equipment is specifically designed for this purpose. Utility bucket and aerial lift fall protection. Anchorage points should be located at the same height as the harness D-ring. The lanyard should be as short as possible to reduce slack. Staff Electric Company, Inc. Fall Protection Program (Revised 2/1/00) 16

17 Safety Rules for Scissors Lifts Scissors lifts are defined as self-propelled elevated work platforms with vertical only lifting capabilities. To ensure the safe operation of scissors lifts, Staff Electric requires pre-start inspections, job site evaluations, operator training and preventive maintenance. Fall Protection: Personal fall arrest equipment is required if, at any time, the operator s feet leave the floor of the scissors lift. In these situations, the lift s guardrails no longer serve as adequate fall protection. The employee may tie off to the scissors lift only if there is a certified anchorage point within the lift. Otherwise, the employee may use a telescoping hook to tie off to building structure that meets anchorage point requirements. (OSHA Interpretation 9/5/95 Ingressing and egressing an elevated manlift at an elevated level) Pre-Start Inspection: Before each day or at the beginning of each shift, the scissors lift shall be given a visual inspection and functional test including the following: (1) Operating and emergency controls (2) Safety devices (3) Personal protective devices (4) Air, hydraulic, and fuel system leaks (5) Cables and wiring harness damage (6) Loose or missing parts (7) Tires and wheels damage or low pressure (8) Placards, warnings, control markings, and operating manual (9) Outriggers, stabilizers and other structures (10) Guardrail system (11) Any other items specified by the manufacturer Surface Area: Inspect the job site to ensure that surface area, overhead hazards and environmental conditions do not compromise the safety of the scissors lift. (1) Make sure the surface area is level (Do not elevate platform on inclines or ramps) (2) Check for debris, depressions, drop offs, holes and ramps (3) Beware of lightweight material such as paper, plastic, and plywood, which may be covering a hole (4) Check floors for adequate support (floor loading) (5) Make sure the ground conditions are stable and level Staff Electric Company, Inc. Fall Protection Program (Revised 2/1/00) 17

18 Overhead Hazards Watch out for overhead hazards including ceiling fans, heaters, light fixtures, overhead cranes, overhead doors, power lines, process lines and speakers. If necessary, ensure that overhead hazards are locked out while the scissors lift is operating in the area. Environmental Conditions Beware of other mobile equipment Beware of wind or bad weather Lift Operation (1) Use three point contact when mounting and dismounting the lift Never jump off a lift. (2) Operate upper control box from different points on the platform, familiarize yourself with the machine s response at these locations. (3) Operate each of the base controls: Lift/Lower Switch Battery Disconnect Lock Out Emergency Stop Switch Battery Disconnect Platform Manual Lowering System On/Off Key Switch (if applicable) (4) Work area - Ensure that the areas surrounding the scissors lift are clear of personnel and equipment before lowering the platform. (5) Fueling - Shut off the lift while the fuel tanks are being filled. Fueling shall be done in a well-ventilated area free of flame, sparks or other hazards that may cause fire or explosion. (6) Improper platform stabilization - Do not position the scissors lift against another object to steady the platform. (7) Misuse as crane - Do not use the scissors lift as a crane. (8) Travel speeds - Limit travel speed according to conditions, including the condition of the support surface, congestion, visibility, slope, location of personnel, and other factors leading to hazards which may cause an accident. (9) Elevated driving requirements - Before and during driving while the platform is elevated, the operator shall: Maintain a clear view of the support surface and route of travel Ensure personnel in the worksite area that may be affected are aware of the movement, communicating and maneuvering the scissors lift as required to protect against personal injury. Maintain a safe distance from obstacles, debris, drop-offs, holes, depressions, ramps, and other hazards to ensure safe travel. Maintain a safe distance from overhead obstacles. (10) Stunt driving - Stunt driving and horseplay are not permitted. (11) Altering safety devices - Interlocks or other safety devices shall not be altered or disabled. Staff Electric Company, Inc. Fall Protection Program (Revised 2/1/00) 18

19 (12) Snagged platform - If the platform or supporting assembly becomes caught, snagged or otherwise prevented from normal motion by adjacent structures or other obstacles such that control reversal does not free the platform, all personnel shall be removed from the platform before attempts are made to free the platform using the lower controls. (13) Exit/Enter elevated work platform - Exiting or entering an elevated work platform must performed with proper fall protection. There must be a fall protection system in place if an employee s feet leave the floor of the scissors lift. (14) Modifications - Modification or alteration of a scissors lift shall only be performed according to manufacturer guidelines. (15) Assistance to the operator - If an operator encounters any suspected malfunction of the scissors lift, or any hazard or potentially unsafe condition relating to capacity, intended use or safe operation of the scissors lift, the operator shall cease operation of the scissors lift and request further information from the employer. (16) Problems or malfunctions - Any problem or malfunction that affects the safety of operations shall be repaired prior to operation of the scissors lift. (17) Carrying materials - The employee shall ensure that only tools and materials, which are evenly distributed and can be safely handled by a person working from the platform are transported. (18) Leveling the scissors lift - Outriggers and leveling devices supplied by the manufacturer shall be utilized to level the scissors lift. The scissors lift shall not be operated in any manner or grades, side slopes or ramps exceeding those for which the lift is rated by the manufacturer. (19) Entanglement - Care shall be taken to prevent rope, electric cords, and hoses, etc. from becoming entangled in the scissors lift. (20) Guardrail system - Guardrails shall be installed and positioned, and access gates or openings shall be closed per the manufacturer s instructions. (21) Distribution of load - The load and its distribution on the platform and any platform extension shall be in accordance with the manufacturer s rated capacity for that configuration. (22) Electrocution hazard The operator shall maintain the minimum safe approach distance (MSAD) from energized power lines and parts. Electrical equipment and lines shall be considered energized until determined to be deenergized by tests or other appropriate methods or means and properly grounded. If energized power lines or parts are within the areas in which the aerial platform is to be used, the operator shall maintain a MSAD. Operator Training: Only personnel who have received general instructions regarding the inspection, application and operation of scissors lifts, including recognition and avoidance of hazards associated with their operation, shall operate a scissors lift. Such items covered shall include, the following: (1) The purpose and use of the operator s manual (2) The importance of maintaining the manual on the lift (3) The pre-start inspection Staff Electric Company, Inc. Fall Protection Program (Revised 2/1/00) 19

20 (4) Responsibilities associated with problems or malfunctions affecting the operation of the scissors lift. (5) Factors affecting stability (6) The purpose of placards and decals (7) Workplace inspection (8) Safety rules and regulations (9) Authorization to operate (10) Operator warning and instructions (11) Actual operation of the aerial platform. Under the direction of a qualified person, the employee shall operate the aerial platform for a sufficient period of time to demonstrate proficiency in the actual operation of the scissors lift. Staff Electric Company, Inc. Fall Protection Program (Revised 2/1/00) 20

21 Safety Rules for Ladders No matter what kind of ladder you have, step, straight or extension, make sure it is in good shape before you use it. Never climb a ladder with broken, bent or loose rails or rungs. Make sure the ladder can support the weight of you and your supplies. Once you know the ladder is safe for use, be sure to carry, set up and climb with care. Carry with Care Ladder safety starts even before you get off the ground. Avoid power lines, exposed pipes or beams, or low ceilings by carrying ladders horizontally. Hold the side rail at the ladder s midpoint to balance the load. If the ladder is large, get help moving it. Ladder Set-Up When setting up a ladder, support is the main issue. To keep a ladder stable, start by setting it up according to the 4 to 1 rule (for every 4 feet of ladder height, position the ladder s base 1 foot away from the vertical support). For extra security, keep the surrounding area clear of people and traffic. Don t use metal or wet wooden ladders near power lines; Secure (tie off) the ladder as close to the top as you can; Engage the ladder locks or braces before you climb; Rest the ladder s feet on a solid, level surface; If the surface is slightly uneven, use a big, flat board, such as a large section of plywood or a 2 x 8, as a shim. Tie off the feet of the ladder, so the ladder won t slide off the board; Extend the ladder at least 3 feet above the supporting edge when you ll be accessing a roof or platform; Block any doors that open into or near the ladder; Keep the area near the ladder s base free of clutter. Climb with Caution For a successful climb, prepare your equipment and act with care. Use the tips below to help you stay balanced when you re on a ladder: Stay off the top three rungs of extension and straight ladders. Stay off the top two rungs of stepladders. When climbing up or down, face the ladder and stay centered between the rails. Never lean the center of your body out past the side rails. Hold the side rails that extend above the ladder s support to steady yourself as you climb on and off a roof or platform. Find your center of gravity so you re balanced before you climb. Keep your hands free when climbing. Carry tools in a belt or apron, or raise and lower tools by a hand line. Staff Electric Company, Inc. Fall Protection Program (Revised 2/1/00) 21

22 While you secure or unfasten a tie-off, have someone hold the ladder to keep it steady. Do not move or shift ladders while occupied. Do not use cross bracing on the rear section of stepladders as a step. Ensure that damaged ladders are removed from service immediately. Portable ladders with structural defects such a broken or missing rungs, cleats, steps, broken or split rails, corroded components, or other faulty or defective components shall be marked Do Not Use and removed from service. Staff Electric Company, Inc. Fall Protection Program (Revised 2/1/00) 22

23 APPENDIX A FALL PROTECTION DEFINITIONS

24 DEFINITIONS Anchorage means a secure point of attachment for lifelines, lanyards or deceleration devices. Body belt means a strap with means both for securing it about the waist and for attaching it to a lanyard, lifeline, or deceleration device. Body harness means straps which may be secured about the employee in a manner that will distribute the fall arrest forces over at least the thighs, pelvis, waist, chest and shoulders with means for attaching it to other components of a personal fall arrest system. Buckle means any device for holding the body belt or body harness closed around the employee s body. Carabiner a connector component generally comprised of a trapezoidal or oval shaped body with a normally closed gate or similar arrangement which may be opened to permit the body to receive an object, and when released, automatically closes to retain the object. Connector means a device which is used to couple (connect) parts of the personal fall arrest system and positioning device systems together. It may be an independent component of the system such as a carabiner, or it may be an integral component of part of the system ( such as a buckle or D-ring sewn into a body belt or body harness, or a snap-hook spliced or sewn to a lanyard or self-retracting lanyard.) Controlled access zone (CAZ) means an area in which certain work (e.g. overhand bricklaying) may take place without the use of guardrail systems, personal fall arrest systems, or safety net systems and access to the zone is controlled. Dangerous equipment means equipment (such as pickling or galvanizing tanks, degreasing units, machinery, electrical equipment, and other units) which, as a result of form or function, may be hazardous to employees who fall onto or into such equipment. Deceleration device means any mechanism, such as rope grab, rip-stitch lanyard, specially woven lanyard, tearing or deforming lanyards, automatic self-retracting lifelines/lanyards, etc. which serves to dissipate a substantial amount of energy during a fall arrest, or otherwise limit the energy imposed on an employee during fall arrest. Deceleration distance means the additional vertical distance a falling employee travels, excluding lifeline elongation and free fall distance, before stopping, from the point at which the deceleration device begins to operate. It is measured as the distance between the location of an employee s body belt or body harness attachment point at the moment of activation (at the onset of fall arrest forces) of the deceleration device during a fall, and the location of that attachment point after the employee comes to a full stop.

25 Equivalent means alternative designs, materials or methods to protect against a hazard which the employer can demonstrate will provide an equal or greater degree of safety for employees than the methods, materials or designs specified in the standard. Failure means load refusal, breakage, or separation of component parts. Load refusal is the point where the ultimate strength is exceeded. Free fall means the act of falling before a personal fall arrest system begins to apply force to arrest the fall. Free fall distance means the vertical displacement of the fall arrest attachment point on the employee s body belt or body harness between onset of the fall and just before the system begins to apply force to arrest the fall. This distance excludes deceleration distance, and lifeline/lanyard elongation, but includes any deceleration device slide distance or self-retracting lifeline/lanyard extension before they operate and fall arrest forces occur. Guardrail system means a barrier erected to prevent employees from falling to lower levels. Hole means a gap or void 2 inches (5.1 cm) or more in its least dimension, in a floor, roof, or other walking/working surface. Lanyard means a flexible line of rope, wire rope, or strap which generally has a connector at each end for connecting the body belt or body harness to a deceleration device, lifeline, or anchorage. Leading edge means the edge of a floor, roof, or formwork for a floor or other walking/working surface (such as the deck) which changes location as additional floor, roof, decking, or formwork sections are placed, formed or constructed. A leading edge is considered to be an unprotected side and edge during periods when it is not actively and continuously under construction. Lifeline means a component consisting of a flexible line for connection to an anchorage at one end to hand vertically (vertical lifeline), or for connection to anchorages at both ends to stretch horizontally (horizontal lifeline), and which serves as a means for connecting other components of a personal fall arrest system to the anchorage. Low slope roof means a roof having a slope less than or equal to 4 in 12 (vertical to horizontal). Lower levels means those areas or surfaces to which an employee can fall. Such areas or surfaces include, but are not limited to ground levels, floors, platforms, ramps, runways, excavations, pits, tanks, material, water, equipment, structures, or portions thereof.

26 Mechanical equipment means all motor or human propelled wheeled equipment used for roofing work, except wheelbarrows and mopcarts. Opening means a gap or void 30 in (76 cm) or more high and 18 in (48 cm) or more wide, in a wall or partition, through which employees can fall to a lower level. Overhand bricklaying and related work means the process to laying bricks and masonry units such that the surface of the wall to jointed is on the opposite side of the wall from the mason, requiring the mason to lean over the wall to complete the work. Related work includes mason tending and electrical installation incorporated into the brick wall during the overhand bricklaying.process. Personal fall arrest system means a system used to arrest an employee in a fall from a working level. Such connecting means may consist of a lanyard, energy absorber, fall arrester, lifeline, self-retracting lanyard or suitable combinations of these. Rollout a process by which a snaphook or carabiner unintentionally disengages from another connector or object to which it is coupled. Self retracting lanyard a device which contains a drumwound line which may be slowly extracted from or retracted onto the drum under slight tension during normal movement of the user. The line has means for attachment to the fall arrest attachment on the body support. After onset of a fall, the device automatically locks the drum and arrests the fall. Shock absorber a component whose primary functions is to dissipate energy and limit deceleration forces which the system imposes on the body during fall arrest. Snaphook a connector comprised of a hook-shaped body with a normally closed gate or similar arrangement which may be opened to permit the hook to receive an object and, when released, automatically closes to retain the object. Vertical lifeline a component, element or constituent of a lifeline subsystem which consists of a vertically suspended flexible line with a connector at the upper end for fastening it to an overhead anchorage or anchorage connector and long which a fall arrest travels.

27 APPENDIX B FALL PROTECTION TRAINING MATERIALS

28 Toolbox Safety Talks: Fall Protection Systems Overview of Topic In 1996, 1,039 construction workers died on the job. 32% (235) of these fatalities were due to falls. Each year, falls consistently account for the greatest number of fatalities in the construction industry. Among electrical contractors, falls accounted for 20% of reported fatalities. To control fall exposures, Staff Electric requires fall protection systems for any walking or working surface with an unprotected side or edge which is 6 feet or more above a lower level. There are four types of fall protection systems that Staff Electric relies upon to address fall exposures: guardrails, personal fall-arrest equipment, personal fall restraint equipment and warning line systems. Guardrail Systems Typically, the general contractor is responsible for erecting and maintaining guardrail systems. However, Staff Electric has been cited for failure to provide appropriate fall protection when we did not ensure that a guardrail system was in place. Guardrail systems can be constructed of wood, wire rope, pipe or steel. The top rail must be between 39 to 45 above the walking or working level. Unless there is a protective barrier or parapet wall at least 21 high, the guardrail system will require midrails, screens, mesh, or intermediate vertical members. 4 toeboards are required when there are overhead exposures. Guardrail systems must be able to withstand a force of 200 pounds applied within two inches of the top edge in any outward or downward direction. Guardrails must be surfaced in a way that will prevent punctures, lacerations and snags. When guardrailing is used in hoisting areas, a chain, gate or removable guardrail section must be placed across the access opening when hoisting operations are not taking place. Personal Fall-Arrest Equipment A personal fall arrest system is required if the type of construction, operational constraints, or other limiting factors prevent the use of guardrailing or warning lines. A personal fall arrest system consists of a full body harness, a shock absorbing lanyard and an anchorage point. As of 1/1/98, body belts are unacceptable as part of a personal fall arrest system. Anchorage points used for attachment of personal fall arrest equipment must be independent of any anchorage used to support or suspend platforms and must be capable of supporting a minimum of 3,600 lb. when certification exists, or 5,000 lb. in the absence of certification. Anchorage points shall not include process piping, sprinkler piping, conduit or ductwork. Fall arrest systems must: Limit the maximum arresting force on a worker to 1,800 pounds; Be rigged so a worker cannot free fall more than 6 feet or contact any lower level; Bring a worker to a complete stop and limit maximum deceleration distance to 3.5; Have sufficient strength to withstand twice the potential impact energy of a worker free-falling 6 feet or the free-fall distance permitted by the system, whichever is less. When using self retracting lanyards that automatically limit free fall distance to 2 feet or less, the anchorage point must be capable of supporting at least 3,000 lbs. per employee attached. Lanyards and vertical lifelines must have a minimum breaking strength of 5,000 lbs. Vertical lifelines may support only one person. Lanyards must not exceed 6 in length and should be as short as possible

29 Personal Fall Restraint Systems Staff Electric has utilized fall restraint systems in lieu of fall arrest systems when the restraint system is rigged in such a way that the employee can not access the fall hazard. Fall restraint systems must have the capacity to withstand at least 3,000 lbs of force or twice the maximum expected force that is needed to restrain the employee from the fall hazard. Warning Line Systems Warning line systems can be used as fall awareness barriers on low sloped or flat roofs when workers do not have to operate within 6 feet of the roof edge and the roof parapet is less than 39. A warning line system consists of ropes, wires, or chains, and supporting stanchions that form a barrier to warn workers when they are near an unprotected roof side or edge. Warning lines are to be erected around all sides of the roof work area. If no mechanical equipment is being used, the warning line is erected no closer than 6 feet from the edge of the roof. If mechanical equipment is being used, the warning line should be erected no closer than 10feet from the edge of the roof. If the parapet height on a flat roof is less than 39 and work is to be performed within 10 of the edge, a fall protection system must be in place.

30 Fall Protection Systems Sign-Off Sheet This sign-off sheet documents the employees who have taken part in a training session on Fall Protection Systems. Completed sign off sheets need to be faxed (414) or mailed to Staff Electric s Director of Safety and Health. Foreman: Date of Training : Print Name Here Job Location: Employee Signature

31 Toolbox Safety Talks Fall Protection: Inspection and Maintenance Overview of Topic Improper use of fall protection equipment dramatically increases the probability of serious injury. Prior to each shift, all fall protection systems must be inspected for wear, damage, adequacy and other deterioration. Any defective system or component must be immediately removed from service. The manufacturer s recommendations and installation instructions must be followed at all times. It is Staff Electric s responsibility to notify the general contractor if the fall protection systems in the areas in which we are working are inadequate. Guardrail Systems Guardrail systems need to be inspected on a daily basis by the installing contractor. Missing or damaged rails need to be repaired or replaced immediately. The general contractor should be notified if guardrailing in any area is inadequate. Warning Line Systems Warning line systems need to be inspected on a daily basis by the installing contractor. Warning line systems must enclose the entire construction area. Sagging lines or inadequate stanchions need to be addressed immediately. Fall Arrest Systems Each employee using fall arrest or fall restraint systems needs to inspect the anchorage slings, body harnesses and lanyards prior to each use. Body Harnesses: Body harnesses need to be visually inspected before each use and at least twice annually by a competent person. Harness webbing shall be free from nicks or frayed material. All body harnesses require a legible tag that identifies the manufacturer. Equipment that does not have a legible manufacturer tag need to be removed from service. Inspect the entire surface of the webbing for frayed edges, broken fibers, pulled stitches, cuts, excessive elongation, abrasion, excessive soiling or chemical damage. Broken webbing strands generally appear as tufts on the webbing surface. The D-ring should also be inspected to ensure that it is not deformed or cracked. Belts on the harnesses should not be altered in any way. Anchor Sling: Anchorage slings need to be visually inspected before each use and at least twice annually by a competent person. Slings should be inspected for the following items: Label the label should be secure and easy to read. Webbing the entire length of webbing should be inspected for tears, cuts or fraying. Sewn terminations should be secure, complete and not visibly damaged. To inspect, begin at one end and bend a portion (6-8 inches) into a U-shape. Check both sides and all straps along the entire length of the sling. Check for rough or sharp edges, corrosion, burrs, cracks, dents or distortion. Slings that are subject to paint or solvent over-spray must be removed from service. Lanyards: The rope lanyard should be inspected for fuzzy, worn, broken or cut fibers. Weakened areas will have noticeable changes in the original rope diameter.

32 Fall Protection Inspection and Maintenance Sign-Off Sheet This sign-off sheet documents the employees who have taken part in a training session on Fall Protection Systems Inspection and Maintenance Completed sign off sheets need to be faxed (414) or mailed to Staff Electric s Director of Safety and Health. Foreman: Date of Training : Print Name Here Job Location: Employee Signature

33 Toolbox Safety Talks Warning Line Systems Electrician Falls from Roof Case 1 On April 28, 1986 at 12:50 p.m., an electrician was working on the flat roof of a three story building in the final stage of construction (the roof was complete). The employee, with the help of two other workers, was preparing bundles of three conductors for pulling through a conduit. Employee #1 was pulling a bundle of wires off the 3 reels of conductors in order to make a 60 foot long bundle. He was backing up while holding the wires straight. As he backed away from the reels, his feet struck the 10 ½ inch high parapet on the edge of the roof. He tumbled over the edge, head first, and fell 35 feet to a concrete slab. He died en route to the hospital. Electrician Falls from Roof Case 2 At approximately 10:30 a.m. on January 30, 1989, a 22 year old apprentice electrician was working on the roof of a newly constructed tomato plant in Immokalee, FL. He had been assigned to work on the roof at the start of the day by a lead electrician. Employee #1 was to strap electrical conduit to metal bracings that support the air conditioning units. The lead electrician saw Employee #1 around 10:30 a.m. at the tool box on the ground floor. The next time Employee #1 was seen, he was lying on the concrete floor, below the ladder cage. Apparently, Employee #1 finished his work, walked over to the edge of the roof next to the ladder cage, lost his balance, and fell onto the concrete pad below. He sustained fatal head injuries. The area on both sides of the ladder cage on the roof was not equipped with standard railings. This area is needed to access the catwalk on top of the building, which leads to the air conditioning units. Safety Rules for Warning Line Systems Warning line systems can be used as fall awareness barriers on low sloped or flat roofs when workers do not have to operate within 15 feet of the roof edge and the roof parapet is less than 39. Note the 6 foot rule from the roof s edge has changed to 15 feet. A warning line system consists of ropes, wires, or chains, and supporting stanchions that form a barrier to warn workers when they are near an unprotected roof side or edge. Warning lines are to be erected around all sides of the roof work area.

34 Staff Electric is utilizing a portable warning line system for quicker set-up and dismantling. The standard flagged line is heavy duty nylon cord rated at 600 lbs. tensile strength with yellow pennants spaced every five feet. Each stand is 39.5 high and weighs 35 lbs. The base width on each stand is 48 x 44. If work is required beyond the warning line, employees shall use an alternative fall arrest system. Inspection and Maintenance Warning line systems need to be inspected on a daily basis by the installing contractor. Warning line systems must enclose the entire construction area. Conditions such as sagging lines or inadequate stanchions need to be addressed immediately. Questions Does the job involve rooftop work? Does the work involve getting within 6 feet of the edge of the roof? Discuss job site specific exposures.

35 Warning Line Systems Sign-Off Sheet This sign-off sheet documents the employees who have taken part in a training session on Warning Line Systems. Completed sign off sheets need to be faxed (414) or mailed to Staff Electric s Director of Safety and Health. Foreman: Date of Training : Print Name Here Job Location: Employee Signature

36 Toolbox Safety Talks Fall Protection: Scissors Lift Safety Electrician Falls from Scissors Lift An employee was assigned the task of tying electrical cables in a cable tray located 18 feet above a concrete floor of a manufacturing plant under construction. The employee used a scissors lift in order to reach the work level. The employee climbed out of the platform lift onto a ladder type cable tray. She stood up on the cable tray and a short time later fell to the concrete floor and suffered fatal head injuries. Electrician Falls from Genie Lift At approximately 10:00 a.m. on August 15, 1994, Employee #1 was removing and disconnecting nonenergized electrical equipment while working from a Genie-lift at a height. The Genie-lift fell backward onto the street below. Employee #1 sustained multiple injuries upon striking the ground, including a broken right wrist, a broken right elbow, and a rib fracture. Employee #1 was transferred to Cedar-Sinai Medical Enter in Los Angeles. The employer was cited for serious violations. Safety Rules for Scissors Lifts Scissors lifts are defined as self-propelled elevated work platforms with vertical only lifting capabilities. To ensure the safe operation of scissors lifts, Staff Electric requires pre-start inspections, job site evaluations, operator training and preventive maintenance. Fall Protection: Personal fall arrest equipment is required if, at any time, the operator s feet leave the floor of the scissors lift. In these situations, the lift s guardrails no longer serve as adequate fall protection. The employee may tie off to the scissors lift only if there is a certified anchorage point within the lift. Otherwise, the employee may use a telescoping hook to tie off to building structure that meets anchorage point requirements. (OSHA Interpretation 9/5/95 Ingressing and egressing an elevated manlift at an elevated level) Pre-Start Inspection: Before each day or at the beginning of each shift, the scissors lift shall be given a visual inspection and functional test including the following: (1) Operating and emergency controls (2) Safety devices (3) Personal protective devices (4) Air, hydraulic, and fuel system leaks (5) Cables and wiring harness damage (6) Loose or missing parts (7) Tires and wheels damage or low pressure (8) Placards, warnings, control markings, and operating manual (9) Outriggers, stabilizers and other structures (10) Guardrail system (11) Any other items specified by the manufacturer

37 Surface Area: Overhead Hazards Inspect the job site to ensure that surface area, overhead hazards and environmental conditions do not compromise the safety of the scissors lift. (1) Make sure the surface area is level (Do not elevate platform on inclines or ramps) (2) Check for debris, depressions, drop offs, holes and ramps (3) Beware of lightweight material such as paper, plastic, and plywood, which may be covering a hole (4) Check floors for adequate support (floor loading) (5) Make sure the ground conditions are stable and level Watch out for overhead hazards including ceiling fans, heaters, light fixtures, overhead cranes, overhead doors, power lines, process lines and speakers. If necessary, ensure that overhead hazards are locked out while the scissors lift is operating in the area. Environmental Conditions Beware of other mobile equipment Beware of wind or bad weather Lift Operation (1) Use three point contact when mounting and dismounting the lift Never jump off a lift. (2) Operate upper control box from different points on the platform, familiarize yourself with the machine s response at these locations. (3) Operate each of the base controls: Lift/Lower Switch Battery Disconnect Lock Out Emergency Stop Switch Battery Disconnect Platform Manual Lowering System On/Off Key Switch (if applicable) (4) Work area - Ensure that the areas surrounding the scissors lift are clear of personnel and equipment before lowering the platform. (5) Fueling - Shut off the lift while the fuel tanks are being filled. Fueling shall be done in a wellventilated area free of flame, sparks or other hazards that may cause fire or explosion. (6) Improper platform stabilization - Do not position the scissors lift against another object to steady the platform. (7) Misuse as crane - Do not use the scissors lift as a crane. (8) Travel speeds - Limit travel speed according to conditions, including the condition of the support surface, congestion, visibility, slope, location of personnel, and other factors leading to hazards which may cause an accident. (9) Elevated driving requirements - Before and during driving while the platform is elevated, the operator shall: Maintain a clear view of the support surface and route of travel Ensure personnel in the worksite area that may be affected are aware of the movement, communicating and maneuvering the scissors lift as required to protect against personal injury. Maintain a safe distance from obstacles, debris, drop-offs, holes, depressions, ramps, and other hazards to ensure safe travel. Maintain a safe distance from overhead obstacles. (10) Stunt driving - Stunt driving and horseplay are not permitted. (11) Altering safety devices - Interlocks or other safety devices shall not be altered or disabled. (12) Snagged platform - If the platform or supporting assembly becomes caught, snagged or otherwise prevented from normal motion by adjacent structures or other obstacles such that control reversal does not free the platform, all personnel shall be removed from the platform before attempts are made to free the platform using the lower controls.

38 (13) Exit/Enter elevated work platform - Exiting or entering an elevated work platform must performed with proper fall protection. There must be a fall protection system in place if an employee s feet leave the floor of the scissors lift. (14) Modifications - Modification or alteration of a scissors lift shall only be performed according to manufacturer guidelines. (15) Assistance to the operator - If an operator encounters any suspected malfunction of the scissors lift, or any hazard or potentially unsafe condition relating to capacity, intended use or safe operation of the scissors lift, the operator shall cease operation of the scissors lift and request further information from the employer. (16) Problems or malfunctions - Any problem or malfunction that affects the safety of operations shall be repaired prior to operation of the scissors lift. (17) Carrying materials - The employee shall ensure that only tools and materials, which are evenly distributed and can be safely handled by a person working from the platform are transported. (18) Leveling the scissors lift - Outriggers and leveling devices supplied by the manufacturer shall be utilized to level the scissors lift. The scissors lift shall not be operated in any manner or grades, side slopes or ramps exceeding those for which the lift is rated by the manufacturer. (19) Entanglement - Care shall be taken to prevent rope, electric cords, and hoses, etc. from becoming entangled in the scissors lift. (20) Guardrail system - Guardrails shall be installed and positioned, and access gates or openings shall be closed per the manufacturer s instructions. (21) Distribution of load - The load and its distribution on the platform and any platform extension shall be in accordance with the manufacturer s rated capacity for that configuration. (22) Electrocution hazard The operator shall maintain the minimum safe approach distance (MSAD) from energized power lines and parts. Electrical equipment and lines shall be considered energized until determined to be deenergized by tests or other appropriate methods or means and properly grounded. If energized power lines or parts are within the areas in which the aerial platform is to be used, the operator shall maintain a MSAD. Operator Training: Only personnel who have received general instructions regarding the inspection, application and operation of scissors lifts, including recognition and avoidance of hazards associated with their operation, shall operate a scissors lift. Such items covered shall include, the following: (1) The purpose and use of the operator s manual (2) The importance of maintaining the manual on the lift (3) The pre-start inspection (4) Responsibilities associated with problems or malfunctions affecting the operation of the scissors lift. (5) Factors affecting stability (6) The purpose of placards and decals (7) Workplace inspection (8) Safety rules and regulations (9) Authorization to operate (10) Operator warning and instructions (11) Actual operation of the aerial platform. Under the direction of a qualified person, the employee shall operate the aerial platform for a sufficient period of time to demonstrate proficiency in the actual operation of the scissors lift.

39 Scissors Lift Safety Sign-Off Sheet This sign-off sheet documents the employees who have taken part in a training session on Scissors Lift Safety. Completed sign off sheets need to be faxed (414) or mailed to Staff Electric s Director of Safety and Health. Foreman: Date of Training : Print Name Here Job Location: Employee Signature

40 Toolbox Safety Talks Ladder Safety Fall from Ladder Employee #1 was on a roof preparing to drill a hole in masonry block wall in order to install an outlet box for outdoor lighting. He was using a 24 ft fiberglass ladder. Employee #1 stepped from the roof (15 ft 10 in high) onto the ladder, descended two rungs, and realized he had left his hard hat on the roof. As he took a step up, either the unsecured ladder slipped out of the extension slid downward. Employee #1 fell approximately 13 ft to the ground and concrete. He suffered a shattered wrist as well as injuries to his lower back. The ladder jammed around the safety latches once or twice that morning. The ladder was not secured, was damaged, and should have been taken out of service. Employee #1 was not trained in ladder safety. Safety Rules for Ladders No matter what kind of ladder you have, step, straight or extension, make sure it is in good shape before you use it. Never climb a ladder with broken, bent or loose rails or rungs. Make sure the ladder can support the weight of you and your supplies. Once you know the ladder is safe for use, be sure to carry, set up and climb with care. Carry with Care Ladder safety starts even before you get off the ground. Avoid power lines, exposed pipes or beams, or low ceilings by carrying ladders horizontally. Hold the side rail at the ladder s midpoint to balance the load. If the ladder is large, get help moving it. Ladder Set-Up When setting up a ladder, support is the main issue. To keep a ladder stable, start by setting it up according to the 4 to 1 rule (for every 4 feet of ladder height, position the ladder s base 1 foot away from the vertical support). For extra security, keep the surrounding area clear of people and traffic. Don t use metal or wet wooden ladders near power lines; Secure (tie off) the ladder as close to the top as you can; Engage the ladder locks or braces before you climb; Rest the ladder s feet on a solid, level surface; If the surface is slightly uneven, use a big, flat board, such as a large section of plywood or a 2 x 8, as a shim. Tie off the feet of the ladder, so the ladder won t slide off the board; Extend the ladder at least 3 feet above the supporting edge when you ll be accessing a roof or platform; Block any doors that open into or near the ladder; Keep the area near the ladder s base free of clutter. Climb with Caution For a successful climb, prepare your equipment and act with care. Use the tips below to help you stay balanced when you re on a ladder: Stay off the top three rungs of extension and straight ladders. Stay off the top two rungs of stepladders. When climbing up or down, face the ladder and stay centered between the rails. Never lean the center of your body out past the side rails.

41 Hold the side rails that extend above the ladder s support to steady yourself as you climb on and off a roof or platform. Find your center of gravity so you re balanced before you climb. Keep your hands free when climbing. Carry tools in a belt or apron, or raise and lower tools by a hand line. While you secure or unfasten a tie-off, have someone hold the ladder to keep it steady. Do not move or shift ladders while occupied. Do not use cross bracing on the rear section of stepladders as a step. Ensure that damaged ladders are removed from service immediately. Portable ladders with structural defects such a broken or missing rungs, cleats, steps, broken or split rails, corroded components, or other faulty or defective components shall be marked Do Not Use and removed from service. Questions Are ladders on site in good condition? Are Staff employees using ladders safely? Discuss job specific exposures.

42 Ladder Safety Sign-Off Sheet This sign-off sheet documents the employees who have taken part in a training session on Ladder Safety. Completed sign off sheets need to be faxed (414) or mailed to Staff Electric s Director of Safety and Health. Foreman: Date of Training : Print Name Here Job Location: Employee Signature

43 Toolbox Safety Talks Floor Openings Electrician Falls Through Skylight On March 8, 1993, Employee #1 and an assistant had been assigned by their supervisor to repair fluorescent lamps at a customer s facility. Employee #1 had worked at the facility two or three other days before the accident, with a different assistant. Employee #1 and the new assistant began repairing fluorescent fixtures in the welding shop. After repairing several fixtures inside the shop, they used a powered platform to access the roof from the outside. Employee #1 walked across the roof to examine light fixtures on the opposite side, As he walked on the roof, he stepped on a fiberglass skylight, falling through to the concrete floor approximately 15 feet below. He died of head injuries. Electrician Falls Through Skylight Employee #1 was working on the roof of a 1-story commercial building, adjacent to an unguarded skylight. He was pulling wire and feeding it to his coworker approximately 20 feet to his left, when employee #1 fell through the skylight to the concrete floor, 20 to 25 feet below. His coworker observed the incident. Employee #1 was removed from the site by paramedics to a local hospital. Employee #1 sustained broken ribs, punctured lungs and head trauma. The skylight was covered with 1/8-inch fiberglass. Guarding of Floor Openings and Floor Holes To protect against falls through openings, floor openings will be protected according to the following guidelines: (1) Floor openings shall be guarded by a standard railing and toeboards or cover. In general, the railing shall be provided on all exposed sides, except at entrances to stairways. (2) Ladderway floor openings or platforms shall be guarded by standard railings with standard toeboards on all exposed sides, except at entrance to the opening. The entrance should be guarded with a swinging gate, a chain or the entrance can be offset such that a person cannot walk directly into the opening. (3) Hatchways and chute floor openings shall be guarded by one of the following: (c) Hinged covers of standard strength and construction and a standard railing with only one exposed side. When the opening is not in use, the cover shall be closed or the exposed side shall be guarded at both top and intermediate positions by removable standard railings; (d) A removable standard railing with toe board on not more than two sides of the opening and fixed standard railings with toeboards on all other exposed sides. The removable railing shall be kept in place when the opening is not in use and should preferably be hinged or mounted so as to be conveniently replaceable. (4) Wherever there is a danger of falling through a skylight opening, it shall be guarded by a fixed standard railing on all exposed sides or a cover capable of sustaining the weight of personnel and equipment. (5) Pits and trap door openings shall be guarded by floor opening covers of standard strength and construction. While the cover is not in place, the pit or trap opening shall be protected on all exposed sides by removable standard railings. (6) Manhole floor openings shall be guarded by standard covers capable of sustaining the weight of personnel, equipment and vehicles. While the manhole cover is not in place, the manhole opening shall be protected by standard railings.

44 (7) Floor holes, into which persons can accidentally walk, shall be guarded by either a standard railing with standard toeboard on all exposed sides or a floor hole cover. A hole is defined as a gap or void 2 inches or more in its least dimension, in a floor, roof or other walking/working surface. Holes must be protected by a cover which is strong enough to support loads moving over it and are secured (cleated) to prevent movement. Cover should be marked HOLE or DO NOT REMOVE. While the cover is not in place, the floor hole shall be protected by a standard railing. Questions Are floor openings on site properly guarded? Discuss job specific exposures.

45 Floor Openings Sign-Off Sheet This sign-off sheet documents the employees who have taken part in a training session on Floor Openings. Completed sign off sheets need to be faxed (414) or mailed to Staff Electric s Director of Safety and Health. Foreman: Date of Training : Print Name Here Job Location: Employee Signature

46 Toolbox Safety Talks Aerial Lifts Safety Rules for Aerial Lifts Aerial lifts include extensible boom platforms, aerial ladders, articulating boom platforms, vertical towers or any combination of the above. Operators must be trained and certified to operate an aerial lift. The anchor points in the lift should be the same height as the operator s harness and must be authorized per the manufacturer s recommendations. All aerial lifts should be operated according to the following guidelines: Lift controls shall be tested each day prior to use to determine that the controls are in safe working condition. Tying off to an adjacent pole, structure, or equipment while working from an aerial lift shall not be permitted. Employees shall always stand firmly on the floor of the basket, and shall not sit or climb on the edge of the basket or use planks, ladders, or other devices to elevate work position, A body harness with a shock absorbing lanyard or a retracting lanyard that is attached to the boom or basket shall be worn when operating an aerial lift. Boom and basket load limits specified by the manufacturer shall not be exceeded. The brakes shall be set and when outriggers are used, they shall be positioned on pads or a solid surface. Wheel chocks shall be installed when using an aerial lift on an incline. An aerial lift truck shall not be moved when the boom is elevated in a working position with personnel in the basket, unless the equipment is specifically designed for this purpose. Utility bucket and aerial lift fall protection. Anchorage points should be located at the same height as the harness D-ring. The lanyard should be as short as possible to reduce slack.

47 Aerial Lifts Sign-Off Sheet This sign-off sheet documents the employees who have taken part in a training session on Aerial Lifts. Completed sign off sheets need to be faxed (414) or mailed to Staff Electric s Director of Safety and Health. Foreman: Date of Training : Print Name Here Job Location: Employee Signature

48 Toolbox Safety Talks Anchorage Points Anchorage points used for attachment of personal fall arrest equipment must be independent of any anchorage used to support or suspend platforms and must be capable of supporting a minimum of 3,600 lb. when certification exists, or 5,000 lb. in the absence of certification. Anchorage points shall not include process piping, sprinkler piping, conduit or ductwork. Fall arrest systems must: Limit the maximum arresting force on a worker to 1,800 lb.; Be rigged so a worker cannot free fall more than 6 feet or contact any lower level; Bring a worker to a complete stop and limit maximum deceleration distance to 3.5 feet; Have sufficient strength to withstand twice the potential impact energy of a worker free-falling 6 feet or the free-fall distance permitted by the system, whichever is less. When using self retracting lanyards that automatically limit free fall distance to 2 feet or less, the anchorage point must be capable of supporting at least 3,000 lbs. per employee attached. Whenever possible, anchorage points should be located directly overhead to reduce the possibility of injury due to swing-fall hazards. Anchorage points will be designated in the pre-planning process by: Consulting with the general contractor or owner to identify anchorage points; Consulting a qualified person to designate anchorage points; Contacting a fall protection firm to install anchorage points. Discuss job site specific exposures.

49 ANCHORAGE POINT DO S

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