Fishing gears Ulla Oxvig Ulrik Jes Hansen

Transcription

1 Fishing gears Ulla Oxvig Ulrik Jes Hansen

2 Maintenance 2nd edition 2007 Maintenance: Published by: Fiskericirklen Copyright: Fiskericirklen Authors: Ulla Oxvig Born: 1965 MA Has handled numerous communication assignments for the dairy and fishing industry, mostly about the connection between diet and health. Ulrik Jes Hansen Born: 1950 MSc in Fishing Biology Has worked at the North Sea Centre s Test tank in Hirtshals since its opening in He has mostly been involved in R&D projects but has also taught at many levels of education and prepared books and teaching plans for fishery and net making programmes in Denmark and abroad. This book has been proofread by the following schools: Fisheries Training Centre, Thyborøn Grenaa Fisheries Maritime College, Grenaa Northwest Jutland Training Centre, Thisted Skagen Skipperskole, Skagen Photos and illustrations: Danish Fishermen s Association Ulrik Jes Hansen SINTEF Fiskeri og havbruk, Hirtshals Jørn Moesgård as The project is funded by the European Union s fisheries sector programme, FIUG, and the Danish Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Fisheries.

3 Table of contents Foreword 1 Chap. 1 Fishing methods 3 Trawl... 4 Trawl types... 4 Bottom trawls... 4 Mid-water trawls... 5 Beam trawls... 5 Towing methods with trawl... 6 Danish seine... 6 Purse seine... 7 Mono nets... 7 Set gillnets and driftnets... 7 Three ways to get caught... 9 Other fishing tools... 9 Chap. 2 Materials science 11 Raw materials From synthetic material to lines and ropes Fibre types Twisting and braiding Twisted lines Braided lines From lines to nets Knotted nets Knotless nets Mesh sizes Rope Wire and combination rope Trawl drawings, specification of net types Properties Durability in water Weather resistance Density Melting point Properties of the finished net or rope Breaking strength Knot firmness Stretching Flexibility Wearing resistance Shrinkage... 22

4 Chap. 3 Net making 23 Technical terminology Net maker s tools Knife Net mending needle Marlinspike Whippings Ordinary whipping Hitches and knots Bowline Clove hitch Sheet bend Reef knot Fisherman s knot Figure-of-eight knot Splices on laid rope Eye splice on three-strand rope Eye splice on four-strand rope Short splice on three-strand rope Splice on braided rope Eye splice on wire Joining and mending nets Net mending Trimming Cutting a net section Edging, joining and seaming Work sequence Tool maintenance Trawl and Danish seine Purse seine and net Chap. 4 Loading and unloading gear 35 Chains Shackles and other hammerlocks Hooks Blocks and tackles Appendix 39 References 45 Index 47

5 Foreword page 1 Foreword Dear young fisherman, Put bait on the hook, tie a line to the hook, throw the hook into the water and wait. If you are lucky, you will catch a fish. But if you want to make a living from fishing, it is not enough to catch one fish at a time more effective fishing methods are needed. In Fishing tools you can read about different fishing methods: trawl, Danish seine, purse seine and netting. You will learn more about which materials are used for which tools and how you maintain your tools and use them safely. Throughout the book you will find fact boxes which explain unfamiliar words, provide additional information and sum up the individual sections. There are also interesting stories from real fishermen who have been around a bit themselves some offer useful advice, while others will tell you how not to do it. Welcome to the subject Fishing tools and happy reading! Kind regards, It is not enough to read Fishing tools and then think you are qualified and can call yourself an expert and a specialist. You only really learn to tie a knot and a hitch, for example, when you are sitting with the rope in your hands and repeat the same thing again and again... and again.

6 Foreword page 2