K-2 Formative Tools. A Dragonfly s Life

Transcription

1 K-2 Formative Tools A Dragonfly s Life Electronic book and printable cover image provided with permission from Bearport Publishing Company, Inc Authorized Permissions and Restrictions The book, A Dragonfly s Life, is Copyrighted Material. PARCC, Inc. has entered into a licensing agreement with the publisher to allow teachers in PARCC member states to use this digital file: only in school, only in conjunction with this PARCC Performance Task, as a read aloud to children, by displaying a projected image of the digital file using an electronic projection device, until expiration of this license on July 31, Upon expiration, the file should be deleted. To request authorization for continued use, contact PARCC, Inc. or the publisher. Except as stated above, PARCC s license does not allow you to reproduce, photocopy or distribute this digital file in any way. You are responsible to store this digital file in a secure manner for your use in subsequent school years. Upon expiration, the file should be deleted. To request authorization for continued use, contact PARCC, Inc. or the publisher.

2 by Ellen Lawrence

3 by Ellen Lawrence Consultants: Susan Borkin, MS Head of Life Sciences; Curator of Insects, Invertebrate Zoology Department, Milwaukee Public Museum Kimberly Brenneman, PhD National Institute for Early Education Research, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey

4 Credits Cover, All Canada Photos/Alamy; 2, alslutsky/shutterstock; 4T, arnoaltix/istockphoto; 4B, alslutsky/shutterstock; 5, Steve Russell Smith Photos/Shutterstock; 6C, SergeyIT/Shutterstock; 6 7, John Sheil; 8 9, Rene Krekels/FLPA; 9T, Warren Photographic; 10 11, Dwight Kuhn Photography; 13, Dwight Kuhn Photography; 14T, Dwight Kuhn Photography; 14 15, Dwight Kuhn Photography; 17L, Dwight Kuhn Photography; 17C, Dwight Kuhn Photography; 17R, Dwight Kuhn Photography; 18T, Dwight Kuhn Photography; 19, Dwight Kuhn Photography; 21, rkhalil/istockphoto; 22T, John Sheil; 22C, Dwight Kuhn Photography; 22B, Dwight Kuhn Photography; 23TL, Steve Russell Smith Photos/Shutterstock; 23TC, Dwight Kuhn Photography; 23TR, Rene Krekels/FLPA; 23BL, Steven Russell Smith Photos/Shutterstock; 23BC, Corbis; 23BR, Warren Photographic. Publisher: Kenn Goin Editorial Director: Adam Siegel Creative Director: Spencer Brinker Design: Alix Wood Editor: Mark J. Sachner Photo Researcher: Ruby Tuesday Books Ltd Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Lawrence, Ellen, 1967 A dragonfly s life / by Ellen Lawrence. p. cm. (Animal diaries: life cycles) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN (library binding) ISBN (library binding) 1. Dragonflies Life cycles Juvenile literature. I. Title. QL520.L dc Copyright 2013 Bearport Publishing Company, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in whole or in part, stored in any retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the publisher. Contents Watching Dragonflies...4 Dragonfly Eggs...6 Time to Hatch... 8 All About Nymphs...10 A Growing Nymph A Nymph Goes Hunting An Amazing Day A Dragonfly Goes Hunting A Dragonfly s Life...20 Science Lab...22 Science Words...23 Index...24 Read More...24 Learn More Online...24 About the Author...24 For more information, write to Bearport Publishing Company, Inc., 45 West 21st Street, Suite 3B, New York, New York Printed in the United States of America

5 Name: Joseph Date: June 1 Watching Dragonflies Today, I watched dragonflies at the lake near my grandpa s house. dragonfly wings There are about 5,500 different kinds of dragonflies in the world. Their bodies can be bright colors such as emerald green, ruby red, or shiny blue. Dragonflies are colorful flying insects with four wings. It s spring, and the dragonflies are mating. Joseph eye head wings 4 body This dragonfly is life size. Use a ruler to measure its length. How long is the dragonfly from its head to the end of its body? How long are its wings? body legs 5

6 Date: June 2 Dragonfly Eggs Grandpa says that after mating, some kinds of female dragonflies lay their eggs in water. Others lay their eggs on plants near lakes and ponds. Today, I saw a female dragonfly laying her eggs at the lake. She held onto the leaf of a water plant. a female dragonfly laying eggs A female dragonfly lays hundreds of eggs at a time. Then she flies away. She does not take care of the eggs or her young. Then she dipped the tip of her body into the water and let the eggs come out. lake 6 7

7 Date: June 16 Time to Hatch Grandpa says that dragonfly eggs usually hatch in one to three weeks. The baby dragonflies are called nymphs. The nymphs must live in water because, unlike adult dragonflies, nymphs can only breathe underwater. a newly hatched nymph They breathe using body parts called gills. Imagine you are telling a friend about dragonfly eggs. What words would you use to describe them? a close up photo of dragonfly eggs Some nymphs hatch from eggs that are laid on plants near ponds or lakes. These nymphs must quickly crawl into the nearest water so they can breathe. 8 9

8 Date: June 30 All About Nymphs Today, we spotted a small, young dragonfly nymph in the lake. a young dragonfly nymph exoskeleton When a nymph breaks out of its exoskeleton, it is said to be molting. A nymph may molt up to 17 times before it becomes an adult dragonfly. It had six legs like an adult dragonfly, but no wings. The nymph also had a hard covering called an exoskeleton. As the insect grows, its exoskeleton gets too small. So the nymph breaks out of it and there s a new, bigger one underneath. Then the insect s body grows some more. Look at this nymph. Think of some ways that it is the same and different from the adult dragonfly on page 5. legs eye 10 11

9 Date: July 1 A Growing Nymph A nymph s color helps it hide from its enemies. In what other way do you think a nymph s color might help it? This afternoon, we saw a large, brown dragonfly nymph in the lake. Grandpa said this nymph was probably one or two years old. It had a long body and it had grown four small wing cases on its back. Its wings are growing inside these cases. A nymph s brown body makes it difficult to see among the greenish brown water plants. This helps the young insect stay safe from bigger insects and fish that want to eat it. long body wing case a two year old nymph Soon the nymph will leave the water to become an adult dragonfly. legs 12 13

10 Date: July 7 A Nymph Goes Hunting nymph Dragonfly nymphs eat other young insects as well as shrimp, tadpoles, worms, water snails, and small fish. nymph Wow! This morning I saw the large, brown nymph catch a baby frog, called a tadpole. tadpole The nymph s color makes it hard to see among the water plants. The animals it hunts don t know it s there. As the tadpole swam by, the nymph s long, grabbing mouthparts shot out and caught it. The little tadpole didn t stand a chance! grabbing mouthparts eye 14 15

11 Date: July 30 nymph exoskeleton empty nymph exoskeleton dragonfly An Amazing Day Today, we saw the dragonfly nymph leave the water and climb up a plant. Inside its exoskeleton, the nymph had changed into an adult dragonfly. Its body had become much longer and it had grown four wings. The nymph part of a dragonfly s life can last for just a few months or for about two years. Sometimes a dragonfly may live as a nymph for up to six years! dragonfly head dragonfly body As the insect clung to the plant, its head burst from its brown exoskeleton. Then it pulled its body out. After an hour, the dragonfly used its new wings to fly away. legs long body 16 wing 17

12 Date: August 14 A Dragonfly Goes Hunting A dragonfly was hunting close to the lake this morning. Dragonflies eat insects such as flies, moths, mosquitoes, and flying ants. Their huge eyes are able to quickly see the movement of another flying insect. eyes a dragonfly hunting Their wings help them fly fast so that they can catch up to their victims. Then they grab their meals with their legs. Once a dragonfly has become an adult it breathes air through tiny holes in its body. mosquito 18 19

13 Date: September 30 A Dragonfly s Life a flying dragonfly It s been two months since I saw the nymph become a beautiful dragonfly. Grandpa says that the adult part of a dragonfly s life is very short. It may live for only about six to eight weeks. In that time, though, the dragonfly will have mated, which is great news. Dragonflies can fly more than 30 miles per hour (48 kph). They can fly forward and backward, and even hover in the air like helicopters. A dragonfly s flying skills help it avoid being eaten by birds. It means there will be more colorful dragonflies to watch at the lake in the future! 20 21

14 Make a Dragonfly Diary Imagine that you are a scientist studying the life of a dragonfly. Science Lab Read the questions below and think about the answers. You can include some of the information from your answers in the diary. Look at the pictures. They will help you, too. Science Words Write a diary about the dragonfly s life using the information in this book. Include these life cycle stages in your diary. D Where does a female dragonfly lay her eggs? exoskeleton (eks oh SKEL uh tuhn) the hard covering that protects an insect s body gills (GILZ) body parts that dragonfly nymphs and other underwater animals, such as fish, use for breathing hatch (HACH) to break out of an egg A female dragonfly lays eggs. A nymph hatches from an egg. The nymph gets bigger and grows wing cases. The nymph changes into a dragonfly inside its exoskeleton. A What does a nymph look like? 22 Draw pictures to include in your diary and then present your diary to friends and family. D What changes happen to the nymph when it becomes an adult dragonfly? insects (IN sekts) small animals that have six legs, two antennas, a hard covering called an exoskeleton, and three main body parts mating (MAYT ing) coming together in order to have young nymphs (NIMFS) the young of some insects, such as dragonflies and grasshoppers 23

15 breathing 8 9, 18 colors 5, 12 13, 14 eggs 6 7, 8 9 enemies 12 13, 20 exoskeleton 10 11, eyes 5, 11, 15, 18 female dragonflies 6 7 Index flying 4, 16, 18, food 14 15, gills 8 hatching 8 9 hunting 14, legs 5, 10 11, 13, 17, 18 mating 4, 6, 20 molting 11 mouthparts nymphs 8 9, 10 11, 12 13, 14 15, 16 17, 20 speed 20 wings 4 5, 10, 12 13, 16 17, 18 Allen, Judy, and Tudor Humphries. Are You a Dragonfly? (Backyard Books). Boston: Kingfisher (2004). Read More Murray, Julie. Dragonflies (Big Buddy Books: Insects). Edina, MN: ABDO (2011). Smith, Molly. Speedy Dragonflies (No Backbone! The World of Invertebrates). New York: Bearport (2008). Learn More Online To learn more about dragonflies, visit About the Author Ellen Lawrence lives in the United Kingdom. Her favorite books to write are those about animals. In fact, the first book Ellen bought for herself, when she was six years old, was the story of a gorilla named Patty Cake that was born in New York s Central Park Zoo. 24

16 THIS SERIES IS PART OF THE One spring day, Joseph was at his grandpa s house where he watched colorful dragonflies fill the sky. His grandpa explained that it was mating time, and the female dragonflies would be laying their eggs soon. The very next day, Joseph saw dragonfly eggs in a nearby lake. He decided to follow the dragonflies for the next few months and to write about what he saw in his diary. When you read it, you ll be amazed to discover how the eggs in the water eventually become beautiful grown-up dragonflies. A Bird s Life A Dragonfly s Life A Snake s Life A Butterfly s Life A Frog s Life A Spider s Life A Chameleon s Life A Kangaroo s Life A Wolf s Life