NZ FRESHWATER INVERTEBRATES
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1 NZ FRESHWATER INVERTEBRATES Acknowlegements: Landcare Research Mayflies Burrowing mayfly Ephemeridae: Ichthybotus Double gill mayfly Leptophlebiidae: Arachnocolus Double gill mayfly Leptophlebiidae: Atalophlebioides Double gill mayfly Leptophlebiidae: Aupouriella
2 Double gill mayfly Leptophlebiidae: Austroclima Double gill mayfly Leptophlebiidae: Austronella Double gill mayfly Leptophlebiidae: Mauiulus Double gill mayfly Leptophlebiidae: Neozephlebia Double gill mayfly Leptophlebiidae: Tepakia
3 Double gill mayfly Leptophlebiidae: Zephlebia Fringe gilled mayfly Leptophlebiidae: Isothraulus Orange mayfly Leptophlebiidae: Acanthophlebia Single gill mayfly Leptophlebiidae: Deleatidium Single, leaflike gills Spiny gilled mayfly Coloburiscidae: Coloburiscus
4 Swimming mayfly Ameletopsidae: Ameletopsis Fringed caudal filaments Swimming mayfly Nesameletidae: Nesameletus Swimming mayfly Oniscigastridae: Oniscigaster Swimming mayfly Rallidentidae: Rallidens Swimming mayfly Siphlaenigmatidae: Siphlaenigma
5 Stoneflies Green stonefly Eustheniidae: Stenoperla Abdominal gills Stonefly Austroperlidae: Austroperla Stonefly Gripopterygidae: Acroperla Stonefly Gripopterygidae: Holcoperla
6 Stonefly Gripopterygidae: Megaleptoperla Stonefly Gripopterygidae: Nesoperla Stonefly Gripopterygidae: Taraperla Lobes on thoracic segments Stonefly Gripopterygidae: Zelandobius Stonefly Gripopterygidae: Zelandoperla
7 Stonefly Notonemouridae: Cristaperla Stonefly Notonemouridae: Halticoperla Hind leg broader than fore leg Stonefly Notonemouridae: Spaniocerca Stonefly Notonemouridae: Spaniocercoides
8 Cased caddisflies Axehead caddis Hydroptilidae: Oxyethira Larva Cased caddis Helicophidae: Alloecentrella Moss/liverwort covered case Cased caddis Oeconesidae: Pseudoeconesus Cased caddis Oeconesidae: Zelandopsyche
9 Cased caddisfly Leptoceridae: Hudsonema Hudsonema alienum Kokiria caddisfly Hydroptilidae: Kokiriidae Purse caddis Hydroptilidae: Paroxyethira Sandy cased caddis Conoesucidae: Pycnocentria Sandy cased caddis Helicophidae: Pycnocentrella
10 Sandy cased caddis Helicophidae: Zelolessica Posterior of case angled Sandy cased caddis Leptoceridae: Oecetis Smooth cased caddis Conoesucidae: Beraeoptera Aperture of case oblique Smooth cased caddis Conoesucidae: Confluens Smooth cased caddis Conoesucidae: Olinga
11 Spiral cased caddis Helicopsychidae: Helicopsyche Spiral cased caddis Helicopsychidae: Rakiura Stick caddis Leptoceridae: Triplectides Stick caddis Leptoceridae: Triplectidina Stony cased caddis Conoesucidae: Pycnocentrodes
12 Stony cased caddis Oeconesidae: Oeconesus Stony cased caddis Philorheithridae: Philorheithrus Uncased caddisflies Free-living caddis Ecnomidae: Ecnomina Free-living caddis Ecnomidae: Zelandoptila
13 Free-living caddis Hydrobiosidae: Costachorema Extensive pigmentation on the head Free-living caddis Hydrobiosidae: Edpercivalia Free-living caddis Hydrobiosidae: Hydrobiosis Hydrobiosis centralis Free-living caddis Hydrobiosidae: Hydrochorema Free-living caddis Hydrobiosidae: Neurochorema Pale spots on Neurochorema confusum
14 Free-living caddis Hydrobiosidae: Psilochorema Free-living caddis Hydrobiosidae: Tiphobiosis Free-living caddis Philopotamidae: Hydrobiosella Free-living caddis Polycentropodidae: Plectrocnemia Free-living caddis Polycentropodidae: Polyplectropus
15 Net-building caddis Hydropsychidae: Aoteapsyche Net-building caddis Hydropsychidae: Diplectrona Net-building caddis Hydropsychidae: Orthopsyche Damselflies and dragonflies Baron dragonfly Aeshnidae: Hemianax
16 Blue damselfly Lestidae: Austrolestes Blue-spotted hawker Aeshnidae: Aeshna Abdominal spines Bush dragonfly Petaluridae: Uropetala Dragonfly Corduliidae: Antipodochlora Abdominal spines Dragonfly Corduliidae: Hemicordulia Abdomen appears shortened, not tapered
17 Dragonfly Corduliidae: Procordulia Abdomen more tapered than in Hemicordulia Dragonfly Libellulidae: Tramea Red damselfly Coenagrionidae: Xanthocnemis Small damselfly Coenagrionidae: Ischnura Wandering percher Libellulidae: Diplacodes
18 Bugs Back swimmer Notonectidae: Anisops Long, oar-like hind legs Shore bug Saldidae: Saldula Water boatman Corixidae: Diaprepocoris Water boatman Corixidae: Sigara
19 Water measurer Hydrometridae: Hydrometra Water strider Veliidae: Microvelia Water treader Mesoveliidae: Mesovelia Adult beetles Alligator weed flea beetle Chrysomelidae: Agasciles Adult
20 Diving beetle Dytiscidae: Antiporus Adult with long 4th segment for fore tarsus Diving beetle Dytiscidae: Hyphydrus Adult with short 4th segment of fore tarsus Diving beetle Dytiscidae: Lancetes Adult with strong yellow and black striping Diving beetle Dytiscidae: Liodessus Adult has a groove in the wing cover and thorax Diving beetle Dytiscidae: Onychohydrus Adult with scutellum visible
21 Diving beetle Dytiscidae: Rhantus Adult Moss beetles Hydraenidae: Hydraenidae Riffle beetles Elmidae: Elmidae Adult antenna lacks a terminal club Rove beetles Staphylinidae: Staphylinidae Water scavenger beetle Hydrophilidae: Berosus Adult
22 Water scavenger beetle Hydrophilidae: Hydrophilid Adult with 3 enlarged antennal segments Water scavenger beetle Hydrophilidae: Laccobius Adult Water scavenger beetle Hydrophilidae: Limnoxenus Adult with long swimming hairs Whirlygig beetle Gyrinidae: Gyrinus Adult eyes divided into upper and lower halves
23 Larval beetles Alligator weed flea beetle Chrysomelidae: Agasciles Larva Diving beetle Dytiscidae: Antiporus Larva with barbs on spoon-like nose Diving beetle Dytiscidae: Hyphydrus Larva with spoon-like nose lacking side barbs Diving beetle Dytiscidae: Liodessus Larva has a conical nose with rounded tip
24 Diving beetle Dytiscidae: Onychohydrus Larva with teeth along the front of the head Diving beetle Dytiscidae: Rhantus Larval cerci about as long as the last abdominal segment Marsh beetles Scirtidae: Scirtidae Larva with long, multi-segment antennae Riffle beetles Elmidae: Elmidae Larva with retractile hooks and gills Toe-winged beetles Ptilodactylidae: Ptilodactylidae Larva with flat upper surface of the 9th abdominal segment
25 Water scavenger beetle Hydrophilidae: Berosus Larva with abdominal gills Water scavenger beetle Hydrophilidae: Hydrophilid Larval head often tipped backwards Whirlygig beetle Gyrinidae: Gyrinus Larva with abdominal gills Lacewings Lacewing Osmylidae: Kempynus
26 Sponge-eating lacewing Sisyridae: Sisyra Springtails Springtails Collembola: Collembola Other legged insects Aquatic caterpillar Crambidae: Hygraula Dobsonfly Corydalidae: Archichauliodes Tentacle-like abdominal gills
27 Scorpionfly Nannochoristidae: Nannochorista Craneflies Cranefly Tipulidae: Aphrophila Larva with creeping welts and scars Cranefly Tipulidae: Eriopterini Swollen tail segment Cranefly Tipulidae: Hexatomini Spiracular disc
28 Cranefly Tipulidae: Limonia Cranefly Tipulidae: Molophilus Larva and pupa Cranefly Tipulidae: Paralimnophila Cranefly Tipulidae: Zelandotipula Midges
29 Biting midge Ceratopogonidae: Ceratopogonidae Larvae (heads to the right) Biting midge Ceratopogonidae: Forcipomyiinae Prominent setae along abdomen Chironomid midge Chironomidae: Chironomus Ventral blood gills Chironomid midge Chironomidae: Corynoneura Chironomid midge Chironomidae: Eukiefferiella Eukiefferiella attached to Nesameletus mayfly
30 Chironomid midge Chironomidae: Harrisius Chironomid midge Chironomidae: Lobodiamesa Chironomid midge Chironomidae: Maoridiamesa Chironomid midge Chironomidae: Orthoclad Orthoclad midge emerging from silt tube Chironomid midge Chironomidae: Paucispinigera
31 Chironomid midge Chironomidae: Podonominae Chironomid midge Chironomidae: Polypedilum Chironomid midge Chironomidae: Stictocladius Chironomid midge Chironomidae: Tanypodinae Chironomid midge Chironomidae: Tanytarsini
32 Dixid midge Dixidae: Nothodixa Flat, hair-fringed lobes Dixid midge Dixidae: Paradixa Larva (with parasitic mites) Net wing midge Blephariceridae: Blephariceridae Solitary midges Thaumaleidae: Thaumaleidae
33 Other true flies Dance fly Empididae: Empididae Larva with 7 pairs of abdominal prolegs Horse flies Tabanidae: Tabanidae Rings of pseudopods House fly Muscidae: Muscidae Pale larva and yellow pupa Long legged flies Dolichopodidae: Dolichopodidae Retracted head
34 Marsh flies Sciomyzidae: Sciomyzidae Larva with spiracular disc Mosquito Culicidae: Coquillettidia Plant-piercing siphon Mosquito Culicidae: Culicidae Larva with breathing siphon and wide thorax Moth fly Psychodidae: Psychodidae Larva with respiratory siphon and many sclerotised plates Pelecorhynchid flies Pelecorhynchidae: Pelecorhynchidae
35 Primitive cranefly Tanyderidae: Mischoderus Late instar larva with tail filaments Rat tail maggots Syrphidae: Syrphidae Larva Sandfly or black fly Simuliidae: Austrosimulium Bulbous abdomen Shore flies Ephydridae: Ephydridae Larva with paired respiratory siphons Soldier fly Stratiomyidae: Stratiomyidae Non retractile head
36 Wood gnat Anisopodidae: Anisopodidae Non-retractile head Spiders and mites Mites. Guide to New Zealand's freshwater invertebrates Acari: Mites Water spiders Pisauridae: Dolomedes Amphipods Amphipods Corophiidae: Corophium Enlarged 2nd antennae
37 Amphipods Corophiidae: Paracorophium Enlarged 2nd antennae Amphipods Melitidae: Melita Long 1st antennae Amphipods Paracalliopiidae: Paracalliope Amphipods Paracrangonyctidae: Paracrangonyx Amphipods Paraleptamphopidae: Paraleptamphopus Long 1st antennae
38 Amphipods Phreatogammaridae: Phreatogammarus Bean-shaped eye Amphipods Talitridae: Talitridae Copepods Copepods Calanoida: Calanoida Copepods Cyclopoida: Cyclopoids Antennae about half the length of the body Isopods
39 Estuarine isopods Idoteidae: Austridotea Austridotea annectens Estuarine isopods Paranthuridae: Paranthura Estuarine isopods Sphaeromatidae: Sphaeromatidae Groundwater isopods Paranthuridae: Cruregens Groundwater isopods Phreatoicidae: Phreatoicidae
40 Semi-aquatic isopod Styloniscidae: Styloniscus Styloniscus and eggs collected from a swimming pool Crabs Estuarine mud crabs Varunidae: Helice Freshwater crabs Hymenosomatidae: Amarinus Crayfish Crayfish or koura Parastacidae: Paranephrops Paranephrops planifrons (North Island) Shrimps
41 Freshwater shrimp Atyidae: Paratya Mysid shrimps Mysidae: Tenagomysis Other crustaceans Seed shrimps Ostracoda: Ostracoda Tadpole shrimps Triopsidae: Lepidurus
42 Tanaids Tanaidaceae: Sinelobus Water fleas Cladocera: Cladocera Carapace Bivalves Fingernail clams Sphaeriidae: Sphaeriidae Mussel Hyriidae: Echyridella Echyridella juvenile
43 Limpets Limpets Planorbidae: Ferrissia Luminescent limpet Latiidae: Latia Snails Apple snails Ampullariidae: Ampullariidae Spire Mud snail Tateidae: Potamopyrgus Potamopyrgus antipodarum
44 Snail Lymnaeidae: Austropeplea Snail Lymnaeidae: Lymnaea Snail Lymnaeidae: Pseudosuccinea Snail Melanopsidae: Zemelanopsis Snail Physidae: Physa Finger-like extensions from mantle
45 Snail Planorbidae: Glyptophysa Nodules and shouldering on whorls Snail Planorbidae: Gyraulus Gyraulus corinna Snail Planorbidae: Planorbarius Snail Planorbidae: Planorbella Snail Tateidae: Halopyrgus
46 Snail Tateidae: Leptopyrgus Trumpet snail Thiaridae: Melanoides Melanoides from the tropical aquarium trade Segmented worms Estuarine paddleworms Nereidae: Nereidae Parapodia Freshwater paddleworms Nereidae: Namanereis
47 Leeches Glossiphoniidae: Glossiphoniidae Alboglossiphonia (native) Leeches Hirudinidae: Richardsonianus Leeches Salifidae: Barbronia Suction disc Oligochaete worms Oligochaeta: Branchiura Oligochaete worms Oligochaeta: Eiseniella
48 Oligochaete worms Oligochaeta: Oligochaetes Unsegmented worms Flatworms Dugesiidae: Cura Flatworms Dugesiidae: Neppia The highly flexible body of Neppia Horse hair worms Nematomorpha: Nematomorpha
49 Nematode worms Nematoda: Nematodes Proboscis worms Nemertea: Nemertea Proboscis Rhabdocoels Dalyellidae: Dalyellidae Rhabdocoels Temnohaswellia: Temnocephalidae
50 Hydroids and Bryozoa Hydroids Hydridae: Hydra and Chlorohydra Hydra Hydroids Oceanidae: Cordylophora Moss animals Bryozoa: Bryozoa Live specimen showing tentacles Sponges Sponges Sponges: Sponges Sponge on Potamopyrgus snail
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