Movements of Wild Summer Run Steelhead Tagged with Radio Transmitters in the Babine River during Fall, Mark C. Beere

Transcription

1 Movements of Wild Summer Run Steelhead agged with Radio ransmitters in the during Fall, 199. Mark C. Beere British Columbia Ministry of Environment, Lands and Parks Fisheries Branch Region Box 000 Smithers, B.C. V0J 0 Fisheries Report # 9 January, 1997

2 able of Contents able of Contents... i List Of Figures... ii List Of ables... ii List Of Appendices... ii Abstract...1 Introduction...1 Study Area... General Description... Fish Populations... Fisheries... Methods... Fish Capture and agging... Radio elemetry... Weir Operations... Data Interpretation...7 Results...8 Fish Capture and agging...8 Radio elemetry...8 Water and emperature Data... 1 Discussion... 1 Recommendations Acknowledgments References... 0 Appendices... Fisheries Report #SK 9 i

3 List Of Figures Figure 1. he watershed.... Figure. umber of anglers, angler days and total steelhead catch in the, 198 to 199 inclusive, as estimated by the British Columbia Steelhead Harvest Questionnaire. Figure. Anchor tag insertion.... Figure. Esophageally implanting a radio transmitter... Figure. Helicopter used for tracking flights showing the location of telemetry antenna, mounted on the aircraft s high frequency antenna, and GPS antenna.... Figure. Photograph of stationary radio telemetry tracking station Figure 7. Length-frequency histogram for summer run steelhead radio tagged ovember 7, Figure 8. otal daily discharge of the at the outlet of ilkitkwa Lake, ovember 199 through July, Figure 9. Daily water temperatures at the enumeration fence, April 0 through May, Figure 10. A 98 cm, 11 kilogram female steelhead estimated to be returning to spawn for a remarkable fourth time in it s 1 th year of life List Of ables able 1. agging information and subsequent locations on aerial tracks (river kilometers in brackets) of radio tagged steelhead, able. Date and time of first detection of upstream migrating radio tagged steelhead in the vicinity of the Weir able. Date and time of first detection of emigrating, radio tagged steelhead kelts at fixed station telemetry receivers, 199, distances between fixed stations and corresponding rates of movement....1 able. umber of radio tagged steelhead from three different radio telemetry projects migrating upstream of the DFO weir...1 able. Percentage survival of steelhead angled and radio tagged by the Fisheries Branch since List Of Appendices Appendices 1-9. Movements of individual radio tagged steelhead as determined by tracking flights and fixed tracking station data..... Fisheries Report #SK 9 ii

4 Abstract Radio telemetry was used for the second consecutive migration year to determine the proportion of wild, adult summer run steelhead migrating through the Department of Fisheries and Oceans enumeration weir, near the outlet of ilkitkwa Lake. he purpose of this investigation was to assess the feasibility of using the weir in conjunction with radio telemetry to conduct annual population estimates for the stock. Conventional angling methods were used to capture steelhead in the upper kilometers of the river on ovember 7, 199. Radio transmitters were inserted orally into the stomachs of thirty-nine fish. Steelhead movements were monitored with stationary telemetry receivers and by helicopter. Five (1.8 %) steelhead migrated upstream of the weir and are assumed to have spawned near the outlet of ilkitkwa Lake. hree (7.7 %) tagged steelhead migrated to the ilkitkwa. hree (7.7 %) steelhead emigrated from the during the winter suggesting possible mortality or atypical behavior induced by stress. he high incidence of suspected mortalities raises concerns about radio tagging summer run steelhead in the initial months after entry into fresh water. Kelt emigration rates between the - river confluence and the Exchamsiks- river confluence ranged from 1. km/day to 19 km/day; the mean water velocity at the weir during kelt emigration was approximately 10 km/day. he mean date of emigration past the Exchamsiks- river confluence was June 10 th (n=1; 8 males: females). Due to the annual fluctuations in the proportion of steelhead spawning upstream of the weir and the fact that some steelhead migrate through the weir during fall, spring weir counts are not recommended for annual population estimates for the stock. Introduction Estimating summer run steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) spawning escapements for stocks has been difficult to date in the absence of more detailed information than has traditionally been available. Most tributaries are too large and volatile to maintain enumeration weirs on and water visibility is rarely sufficiently clear to conduct visual counts by snorkel surveys. As the commences at British Columbia s largest natural lake, which stabilizes water flows, it is one of the only tributaries on which it is possible to maintain an enumeration weir in the spring. he weir was constructed by the Department of Fisheries and Oceans (DFO), in 19, to enumerate sockeye salmon spawners. It is located 1. kilometers downstream of the outlet of ilkitkwa Lake. Available data suggests that the most important spawning area for summer run steelhead is at or near the outlet of ilkitkwa Lake (Beere 1991, 199). his study was initiated to further refine estimates of the proportion of the summer run steelhead population that spawn upstream of the fence and to determine if a population estimate could be made using weirs counts in conjunction with radio telemetry data. A second objective was to document other spawning locations within the watershed. he third objective was to monitor kelt emigrations. he final objective was to determine fish movements in the vicinity of the weir. Fisheries Report #SK 9 1

5 Study Area General Description he 99 km long flows from the outlet of ilkitkwa Lake, at a point approximately 78 km northeast of Smithers, northwest to its confluence with the, approximately 9 km northeast of Hazelton (Figure 1). wenty-seven km (8%) of the river consists of a high gradient canyon section, located in the lower one third of the river. he watershed drainage area upstream of the DFO weir is km², and at that point the monthly mean discharge ranges from a low in March of 1.1 m³/s to a high in June of 1 m³/s (Sebastian 1988; Water Survey of Canada 1989). he majority of the watershed is found within the Sub-Boreal Spruce (SBS) biogeoclimatic zone; downstream of Gail Creek the river flows through the Interior Cedar Hemlock (ICH) zone. ilkitkwa R. Gail Cr. ichyeskwa R. Boucher Cr. Figure 1. he watershed. Fish Populations In addition to summer run steelhead, sockeye salmon (O. nerka), coho salmon (O. kisutch), chinook salmon (O. tshawytscha), pink salmon (O. gorbuscha), chum salmon (O. keta), resident rainbow trout (O. mykiss), cutthroat trout (O. clarki), Rocky Mountain whitefish (Prosopium williamsoni) and bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus) are all found in the. he Department of Fisheries and Oceans has estimated average escapement of Fisheries Report #SK 9

6 sockeye, coho, pink, chum and chinook salmon escapement over a ten year period (1980 to 1989) to be, 90, 0000,, and 8 respectively (Anonymous 1991). Escapement estimates are not available for the other species listed present. Steelhead, salmon (with the exception of chum, which are rare), rainbow trout, cutthroat trout, bull trout and Rocky Mountain whitefish are widely distributed throughout the watershed. Fisheries Both ative and recreational fisheries exist on the ; atives fish for both commercial and sustenance purposes. On average, 7 recreational anglers/year have fished for steelhead over the ten year period between 198 and 199, accounting for an average yearly catch of 78 steelhead (Figure ; Anonymous 199). Other species listed are also captured in sport fisheries although no catch data is available. Current freshwater fishing regulations prohibit the retention of steelhead, sockeye, chum and pink salmon in the ; coho and chinook salmon, trout, char and whitefish may be retained. he retention of coho, chinook and sockeye salmon has been permitted in the past (Anonymous 199) # Anglers umber 000 # Angler Days otal Catch (Hatchery & Wild, Kept + Released) Year Figure. umber of anglers, angler days and total steelhead catch in the, 198 to 199 inclusive, as estimated by the British Columbia Steelhead Harvest Questionnaire. Fisheries Report #SK 9

7 Methods Fish Capture and agging Wild adult summer run steelhead were captured using conventional angling methods. Steelhead that were less than 0 cm (fork length) or that appeared to be in less than optimum condition were marked at the base of the left side of the dorsal fin with a single coloured, numbered anchor tag (Floy ags, Washington, U.S.A.) and released (Figure ). All fish greater than 0 cm that appeared to be in good condition were radio tagged. While the fish were held at the surface of the water, the radio transmitter was inserted orally into the stomach with a hollow, flexible plastic tube (Figure ). Anaesthetic was not used as the possible effect on behavior was not known. Radio tagged fish were also marked with two anchor tags at the base of the left side of the dorsal fin. Sex, fork length, anchor tag number, radio tag number (if radio tagged) and colour, fish condition and, where applicable, the presence of scars, net or hook marks were noted for each fish captured. Water temperature was recorded using a pocket thermometer (Ertco - ºC to 0 ºC). All tagging locations were described using Global Positioning Satellite (G.P.S.) equipment (Canadian Helicopters rimble, model 197-0, and the Fisheries Branch s Magellan av 000 Pro, San Dimas, California). Radio elemetry Radio telemetry equipment used in this study was obtained from Lotek Engineering Inc. (ewmarket, Ontario). Radio transmitters (model CFR-B) were cylindrical, 1. mm in diameter, mm in length and had a 0 mm long antenna leading from the anterior end of the transmitter which protruded from the fishes mouths. ransmitters weighed 10.7 g in air,. g in water and were powered by a volt lithium battery which had a guaranteed minimum 0 day life. ransmitters emitted a digitally encoded radio signal at four discrete frequencies ranging from 19.0 to MHz. Individual radio tag signals were detected and decoded by telemetry receiver (model SRX_00 with software version.8 W1D) during helicopter flights or with stationary receiver stations. he receiver was used in combination with a m length of RG-8 A/U double shielded coaxial cable and a three element Yagi antenna for aerial tracking flights. he Yagi antenna was mounted to the helicopter s high frequency antenna (Figure ) with elements orientated perpendicular to the surface of the water to minimize radio signal attenuation (Lotimer, et al. 199). he receiver logged the time, transmitter code and relative signal strength in an internal memory that was later transferred to a computer file. Stationary receiver stations consisted of a telemetry receiver stored in a steel, weatherproof, locked enclosure box on the riverbank or mounted on a tree trunk with one or three, three element Yagi antennae mounted as far as 0 m above the ground in an adjacent tree(s) (Figure ). hree stationary receiver stations were installed on the : two in the vicinity of the DFO weir (immediately upstream and downstream) to detect and record the movements of radio tagged steelhead in proximity to the weir and the third at the - river confluence. he receiver stations installed in the vicinity of the DFO weir used a single Fisheries Report #SK 9

8 Figure. Anchor tag insertion. Figure. Esophageally implanting a radio transmitter. Fisheries Report #SK 9

9 Figure. Helicopter used for tracking flights showing the location of telemetry antenna, mounted on the aircraft s high frequency antenna, and GPS antenna (white dome over front window). antenna each. he station at the - confluence consisted of three antennae that were directed upstream and downstream on the and upstream on the. Receivers were externally powered by a deep cycle 1 volt lead acid battery (19 cold crank amps) and operated for 10 days between battery changes. he - confluence station was augmented with a 7 watt,. amp solar panel (Siemens, Procharger ) in conjunction with a battery charge regulator (Specialty Concepts, Inc., U.S.A.) that facilitated operation for a minimum of 1 days between battery changes. Data was logged by the receiver in the same fashion as for the mobile tracks and data was downloaded with a laptop computer in the field during battery changes. In addition to the three receiver stations, three others present at the Bulkley-, Zymoetz- and Exchamsiks- river confluences also recorded movements of emigrating radio tagged steelhead. hese stations were installed to track steelhead radio tagged in a separate study (Koski et. al. 199). agged fish locations were recorded on a 1:0 000 scale map to the nearest 00 m. Weir Operations he DFO enumeration weir was monitored by B.C. Environment staff from April 0 to May, 199 to estimate the number of adult steelhead spawning upstream of the weir and to evaluate the performance of a computerized video fish counting system. During this period, fence panels were installed to direct migrating steelhead through two 1.8 m wide chutes into box traps. raps were opened for discrete periods of time during which steelhead passing Fisheries Report #SK 9

10 upstream or downstream through the weir were enumerated. he results of this investigation are presented elsewhere (Atagi in prep.). Data Interpretation As steelhead may have exhibited an interrupted migration pattern and tracking flights were conducted at specific points in time, it was assumed that the calculated migration rates were the minimum possible migration rates. Migration rates were calculated by dividing the Figure. Photograph of stationary radio telemetry tracking station. ote receiver above and 1 volt deep cycle R.V. battery below. A three element Yagi antenna was fixed to the tree, to meters above the receiver. number of kilometers that an individual fish had migrated since last detection, by the number of days since last detection. Migration rates for individual fish radio tagged fish that were Fisheries Report #SK 9 7

11 believed to have regurgitated the radio transmitter or that were suspected mortalities were excluded from the data analysis. Determination of spawning locations was subjective; individual radio tagged fish were not observed spawning. Radio tagged fish that were repeatedly tracked to areas that had spawning potential or that migrated into tributaries with spawning potential during the spawning period were considered to have spawned at those locations. Results Fish Capture and agging Forty four adult summer run steelhead were captured between kilometer and 8 on the mainstem on ovember 7, 199. Fish ranged in fork length from 8 to 98 cm and the sex ratio was 1 male to 1 female. Of the forty four fish, thirty nine fish were radio tagged (0.9 male:1 female; Figure 7); five were anchor tagged only, as they were either less than 0 cm or were in less than optimal condition. A minimum of 1 (7.%; 8 male, female) of the forty four fish were found to have hook scars, presumably from being angled and released earlier in the fall in the or rivers. Fish with hook scars ranged from to 98 cm. A minimum of (9.1%; 1 male, female) were scarred from having encountered either a tidal commercial or in-river (most probably First ations) gillnet. Gillnet marked fish ranged in length from 7 cm to 79 cm. Radio elemetry Radio tagged steelhead were tracked by helicopter on ten separate flights beginning on ovember 9, 199, and concluding on June 9, 199. Fixed telemetry stations were operated immediately upstream of the DFO weir from April to June 19, 199, and immediately downstream of the weir from April 0 to June 19, 199. Stations at the, Bulkley, Zymoetz and Exchamsiks river confluences with the operated continuously throughout the study period (August 199 to July 199) and provided useful data regarding kelt emigrations. It was determined from both fixed receiver station data and helicopter tracks that (1.8%) of the 9 radio tagged steelhead migrated upstream of the DFO weir (able 1 and ; Appendices 1-9). hese fish spent as little as less than half a day (9.7 hours) and as long as more than days (17. hours) downstream of the fence before proceeding upstream to the lake outlet area. Four of the tagged steelhead that migrated upstream of the weir did so during the period that it was fished (April 0 to May, 199); a single fish (a cm male) migrated upstream through the weir after the fence panels were removed (May 8, 199). Only one fish (an 8 cm female) emigrated downstream through the fence during the period it was fished (May 1, 199; able ). Fisheries Report #SK 9 8

12 One (.%) of 9 migrated to the weir but was not tracked upstream of it. his 8 cm female was detected downstream of the weir for 1 days before moving downstream, presumably after spawning downstream of the weir. Females Males Frequency Length (cm) Figure 7. Length-frequency histogram for summer run steelhead radio tagged ovember 7, 199. One (.%) of the 9 fish was never tracked after tagging. his suggests that the transmitter malfunctioned, despite the fact that all tags had been tested prior to implementation. A further three (7.7%) migrated into the ilkitkwa and are assumed to have spawned there. hese fish were found between and 9 kilometers upstream of the ilkitkwa- river confluence, in the mainstem (ilkitkwa east) river. A further eleven (8.%) were tracked only to areas of the mainstem and may have either spawned in the mainstem or entered a tributary stream to spawn without detection. Eight of these twelve were determined to have emigrated from the. A further sixteen (1.0%) steelhead are suspected to have died, as the transmitter was either repeatedly tracked to the same location or downstream of the original tagging site. hree of these 1 (7.7%) emigrated from the in mid-winter within three months of radio tagging. hese fish were detected at the - confluence fixed station on December 0 and, 199 and January, 199. hese fish were subsequently tracked in the mainstem during flights in the spring and are presumed to have died and passively drifted downstream. A further two (.1%) fish are believed to have regurgitated their transmitter, as it was repeatedly located at or near the tagging site. Fisheries Report #SK 9 9

13 able 1. agging information and subsequent locations on aerial tracks (river kilometers in brackets) of radio tagged steelhead, imes of arrival at the weir and confluence were obtained from fixed receiver stations. agging Location Helicopter Helicopter Helicopter Helicopter Helicopter Helicopter Helicopter Helicopter Helicopter Helicopter Code Sex Length 7 ovember, ovember, 199 ovember, December, January, March, March, 199 April, April, May, June, 199 (FL in cm) Ch M 9 Home Run(8) Home Run(8) Home Run(8) Home Run(8) 1 M u/s Beaver Flats(7) u/s Beaver Flats(7) u/s Beaver Flats(7) u/s Beaver Flats(7) u/s Beaver Flats(7) u/s Beaver Flats(7) u/s Beaver Flats(7) u/s Beaver Flats(7) Beaver Flats(7) M 9 Home Run(8) u/s Lobo(8) Home Run(8) Home Run(8) Home Run(8) Home Run(8) Home Run(8) Home Run(8) Home Run(8) 9 F 91 d/s Laura's(80) u/s Laura's(8) Home Run(8) Hot Shot(88) d/s orlakes(89) d/s orlakes(89) d/s orlakes(89) 90 M 1 Home Run(8) d/s orlakes(89) d/s Home Run(8) Beaver Flats(7) u/s Laura's(8) up ilkitkwa(91+9) M 8 7 M 8 Home Run(8) Home Run(8) Home Run(8) u/s weir(9)-april 9 Ch. F Beaver Flats(7) Clearcuts(7) d/s Beaver Flats(8) Bonanza() d/s Shelagyote(8) d/s riple Header() up ilkitkwa(91+) u/s Shedin(7) 1 F 81 u/s Beaver Flats(7) Beaver Flats(7) d/s Beaver Flats(70) u/s Beaver Flats(7) u/s Beaver Flats(7) u/s Beaver Flats(7) u/s Beaver Flats(7) 7 M d/s riple Header(7) d/s Shelagyote(8) d/s Shelagyote() ilkitkwa(91) Ch. 10 F 81 d/s Beaver Flats(70) u/s Beaver Flats(7) u/s Beaver Flats(7) Beaver Flats(7) d/s Beaver Flats(71) d/s Beaver Flats(71) d/s Beaver Flats(71) d/s Beaver Flats(71) 8 M 8 Beaver Flats(7) Beaver Flats(7) Beaver Flats(7) Beaver Flats(7) Beaver Flats(7) Beaver Flats(7) Beaver Flats(7) Beaver Flats(7) Beaver Flats(7) Ch. 8 F 77 Bonanza() riple Header(8) u/s Shelagyote(9) Shenismike(17) (0)-Jan d/s Bulk-(0-) d/s Bulk-(0-) 71 M 8 Beaver Flats(7) d/s riple Header(7) u/s Shelagyote(0) u/s Shelagyote(0) u/s Hanawald(1) 9 F 70 Bonanza() Bonanza() d/s riple Header(7) d/s riple Header(7) d/s riple Header() d/s riple Header() d/s riple Header() u/s Shelagyote(0) u/s Shelagyote(0) Ch. M 9 Coffee Pot() u/s Shelagyote() d/s riple Header(7) d/s Shelagyote() Bonanza() d/s Beaver Flats(70) Home Run(8) Home Run(8) u/s Gail Cr.(9) 7 F 9 Bonanza() d/s Coffee Pot() Bonanza() Shahnagh confl.() Hanawald confl.(0) F 8 d/s Bonanza(1) Silver Hilton(9) Silver Hilton(8) Shahnagh confl.() u/s Shahnagh Cr.() d/s weir(9)-may M 9 d/s Bonanza(1) u/s Shelagyote() Silver Hilton(8) d/s Shelagyote(8) d/s Shelagyote(8) 0 M d/s riple Header(7) Silver Hilton(8) Silver Hilton(8) d/s Shelagyote(8) u/s Home Run(8) u/s weir(9)-may 8 F 9 Coffee Pot() d/s Beaver Flats(8) Bonanza() u/s Gail Cr.(0) u/s Gail Cr.() d/s Gail Cr.(8) d/s Gail Cr.(8) 8 F 81 Coffee Pot() riple Header(8) Bonanza() d/s homlinson() d/s homlinson(1) Ch. 9 7 F 78 riple Header(8) riple Header(8) d/s riple Header(7) Hanawald confl.(0) d/s Laura's(80) u/s Laura's(8) u/s Laura's(8) ichyeskwa(9) u/s weir(9)-may 1 F 8 riple Header(8) u/s Shelagyote(0) u/s Shelagyote(0) d/s Shelagyote(8) u/s Shelagyote(0) d/s Hanawald(0) u/s weir(9)-may 1 M 8 u/s riple Header(9) riple Header(8) d/s riple Header(7) Hanawald confl.(0) d/s riple Header() riple Header(8) riple Header(8) riple Header(8) riple Header(8) u/s Shelagyote(0) 7 F 77 Hanawald confl.(0) u/s Coffee Pot(7) d/s Beaver Flats(8) Hanawald confl.(0) Shelagyote(9) Shelagyote(9) d/s Shelagyote(8) Ch. 8 F 8 riple Header(8) u/s Hanawald(1) riple Header(8) d/s Silver Hilton(8) d/s Silver Hilton(8) d/s Silver Hilton(8) F 7 u/s riple Header(9) riple Header(8) u/s Shelagyote() u/s Shelagyote() d/s homlinson() d/s homlinson() d/s homlinson() d/s homlinson() 7 F 78 d/s riple Header() (0)-Dec d/s (0-) d/s (0-) d/s (0-) 78 F 7 Hanawald confl.(0) u/s Shelagyote(0) u/s Shelagyote(0) u/s Shelagyote(0) Shelagyote(9) 7 M 1 d/s riple Header() riple Header(8) u/s Shelagyote(0) riple Header(8) d/s Gail Cr.(8) d/s Gail Cr.(7) u/s weir(9)-may 0 M 7 riple Header(8) riple Header(8) riple Header(8) Bonanza() d/s riple Header() d/s Hanawald(0) d/s Hanawald(0) d/s Hanawald(0) d/s Hanawald(0) F 79 riple Header(8) u/s Shelagyote() u/s Shelagyote() u/s Shelagyote(0) u/s Shelagyote(0) u/s Shelagyote(0) u/s Shelagyote(0) u/s Shelagyote(0) u/s Shelagyote(0) Ch. 9 M u/s Shelagyote() u/s Shelagyote() u/s Shelagyote(0) d/s Silver Hilton() Silver Hilton(8) u/s Gail Cr.(9) u/s Gail Cr.() d/s (0-7) 9 M 7 u/s Shelagyote() u/s Shelagyote() d/s Shelagyote(8) d/s Shelagyote(8) d/s Shelagyote(8) d/s Shelagyote(8) d/s Shelagyote(8) F 7 u/s Shelagyote() d/s Silver Hilton() d/s Silver Hilton(8) homlinson Cr.() u/s homlinson Cr.() u/s Gail Cr.() up ilkitkwa(91+) M d/s riple Header() d/s riple Header() u/s Shenismike(17) d/s (0-8) d/s (0-) 7 M 80 u/s Shelagyote() u/s Shelagyote() u/s Shelagyote() u/s Shelagyote() u/s Shelagyote(1) u/s Shelagyote(0) u/s Shelagyote(0) u/s Shelagyote(0) u/s Shelagyote(0) u/s Shelagyote(0) F 98 (0)-Dec u/s Shahnagh() Fisheries Report #SK 9 10

14 able. Date and time of first detection of upstream migrating radio tagged steelhead in the vicinity of the Weir. Downstream Upstream ime Elapsed agging Location of of Downstream of Fence Code Sex Length 7 ovember, 199 Fence (fs 9) Fence (fs ) d,hrs,mins hrs (FL in cm) Ch M 9 Home Run(8) 1 M M 9 9 F M 1 M 8 7 M 8 9 April 07 hrs 9 April 17 hrs 0,9,0 9.7 Ch. F Beaver Flats(7) 1 F 81 7 M Ch. 10 F 81 8 M 8 Ch. 8 F 77 Bonanza() 71 M 8 9 F 70 Ch. M 9 7 F 9 F 8 May 18 hrs M 9 0 M *0 May 180 hrs 8 May 070 n/a n/a F 9 8 F 81 Ch. 9 7 F 78 riple Header(8) 1 May 1809 hrs 1 May 0818 hrs,1,9. F 8 May 011 hrs May hrs 1,0,. 1 M 8 7 F 77 Ch. 8 F 8 F 7 7 F F 7 7 M 1 0 May 010 hrs May 119 hrs,7, M 7 F 79 Ch. 9 M u/s Shelagyote() 9 M 7 F 7 M 7 M 80 F 98 * his fish was not detected at fixed station 9 during it's upstream migration Fisheries Report #SK 9 11

15 able. Date and time of first detection of emigrating, radio tagged steelhead at fixed station telemetry receivers, 199, distances between fixed stations and corresponding rates of movement. Upstream Downstream - Exchamsiks- - - Fork agging Location of of 9.1 km. km Bulkley km Zymoetz- 71. km Exchamsiks- Code Sex Length 7 ovember, 199 Fence (fs ) Fence (fs 9) km/day Confl.(fs ) km/day Confluence (fs 1) km/day Confluence (fs 10) km/day Confluence (fs 0) (fs -fs 0) 7.9 km (cm) km/day Ch M 9 Home Run(8) 1 May 17 hrs. June 11 hrs 7. June 01 hrs 9. 1 M M 9 9 F M 1 17 June 10 hrs.8 0 June 1100 hrs June 170 hrs. June 190 hrs 1. M 8 7 M 8 0 May 01 hrs 0 May 07 hrs May 190 hrs June 1 hrs 18. June 0710 hrs Ch. F Beaver Flats(7) 9 June 1809 hrs. 11 June 117 hrs June 170 hrs June 0 hrs. 1 F 81 7 M 8 June 11 hrs Ch. 10 F 81 8 M 8 Ch. 8 F 77 Bonanza() Jan 1 hrs March 118 hrs 71 M 8 June 017 hrs 9.7 June 11 hrs 7.1 June 081 hrs 19.0 June 171 hrs 9. 9 F 70 Ch. M 9 7 F 9 F 8 1 May 11 hrs 1.8 May 007 hrs 0. May 01 hrs M 9 1 May 17 hrs June 019 hrs.1 1 June 1 hrs June hrs M 1 June 019 hrs June 11 hrs 9. 1 June 0 hrs June 09 hrs 1.8 June 08 hrs.8 F 9 8 F 81 0 May 0 hrs 1. June 0 hrs 0. June 009 hrs June 01hrs 7.0 Ch. 9 7 F 78 riple Header(8) May 1 hrs May 108 hrs May 071 hrs May 10 hrs.1 June 19 hrs 19.8 June hrs 7.1 F 8 1 May 0 hrs 1 May 07 hrs.7 0 May 017 hrs. 1 May 11 hrs 1 M 8 7 F 77 June 1 hrs 7.1 June hrs 1.1 June 1 hrs June 0 hrs 11. Ch. 8 F 8 F 7 7 F 78 Dec 09 hrs 78 F 7 7 M 1 June 1709 hrs June 17 hrs June 1 hrs June 101 hrs.0 17 June 08 hrs 1. 0 M 7 F 79 Ch. 9 M u/s Shelagyote() 9 June 01 hrs.7 10 June 18 hrs.8 1 June 1 hrs June 077 hrs. 9 M 7 F 7 M 0 Dec 1 hrs 7 M 80 F 98 Fisheries Report #SK 9 1

16 he first tracking flight was conducted on ovember 9, 199, days after tagging took place. During that track, 0 (1.%) of the 9 radio tagged fish were located. ine (.0%) of the fish tracked were upstream of the original tagging location, (0.0%) remained at the tagging site while 7 (.0%) were downstream. Seven (77.8%) of the 9 fish that migrated upstream immediately after tagging subsequently died or regurgitated their radio transmitter. he second tracking flight was conducted on ovember, 199, 19 days after tagging. wenty five (.1%) of the 9 tagged fish were located. At that time, (1.0%) of the fish tracked were upstream of the original tagging location, 1 (.0%) remained at the tagging site while 8 (.0%) were downstream. hree (7.0%) the fish that migrated upstream subsequently died or regurgitated their radio transmitter. he third tracking flight was conducted on December 1, 199, 9 days after tagging. hirty four (87.%) of the 9 tagged fish were located. At that time, 8 (.%) of the fish tracked were upstream of the original tagging location, (11.8%) remained at the tagging site while (.7%) were downstream. Seven (87.%) of the 8 fish that migrated upstream subsequently died or regurgitated the radio transmitter. Migration rates between ovember and April tracking dates ranged from -1.0 km/day (downstream migration) to 1. km/day. Between mid-april and mid-may, when water temperatures rose to º C (Figure 8), fish began to leave overwintering locations and migration rates ranged from 0.1 km/day to.1 km/day. Spawning was completed for the five ( male, female) radio tagged steelhead that migrated upstream of the weir between May 1 and June (females: May 1, May ; males: May 0, June 1, June ). Other radio tagged steelhead believed to have spawned successfully elsewhere within the watershed emigrated past the - river confluence between May and June 8, indicating that spawning had been completed prior to those dates. Radio tagged kelt emigrations were monitored by fixed receiver stations (able ) between the DFO weir and the Exchamsiks- river confluence, a total distance of 1 river kilometers. he six radio tagged steelhead that had migrated to the DFO weir emigrated from the weir to the - confluence, a total distance of 9.1 km, in as little as 11. hours (8 cm female) and as long as hours ( cm male; mean emigration time of 8.1 hours), with corresponding emigration rates ranging from 1.8 km/day to 199. km/day within the. welve (0.8%) radio tagged steelhead kelts were successfully tracked during emigration between the - confluence and the Exchamsiks- confluence, a total distance of 7.9 km. wice as many of these fish were males than females (8:), the mean fork length was 7. cm, and the mean date past the Exchamsiks station was June 10, 199. his distance was traveled in as little as 9. hours (9 cm male) and as long as 0.1 hours (1 cm male; mean emigration time of hours), with corresponding emigration rates ranging from 1. km/day to 19. km/day (mean emigration rate of 8. km/day) within the. One steelhead ( cm male) was captured and killed on July in a ative gillnet fishery on the downstream of the Kispiox- river confluence near Glen Vowell village. his fish had been recorded emigrating past the - fixed station on June 8, 199. Fisheries Report #SK 9 1

17 Water and emperature Data otal daily discharge steadily increased from approximately 0 m³/s on April 18 to a peak of approximately 9 m³/s on May 0, after which it receded gradually (Figure ; Water Survey of Canada, 1989). Water temperatures recorded during the study period are found in Figure 7 (Water Survey of Canada, 1989). he water temperature of the at kilometer at the beginning of tagging operations on ovember 7, 199 (101 hours) was.0 degrees Celsius. 100 otal Daily Discharge (cubic meters/sec) Study Period 1-ov 1-ov 9-ov 1-Dec 7-Dec 10-Jan -Jan 7-Feb 1-Feb 7-Mar 1-Mar -Apr 18-Apr -May 1-May 0-May 1-Jun 7-Jun 11-Jul -Jul Date Figure 8. otal daily discharge of the at the outlet of ilkitkwa Lake, ovember 199 through July, 199. Fisheries Report #SK 9 1

18 1 emperature (degrees C) 10 8 Daily Minimum Daily Maximum 0 0-Apr -Apr -Apr -Apr 8-Apr 1-May -May 7-May 10-May 1-May 1-May 19-May -May -May Date Figure 9. Daily water temperatures at the enumeration fence, April 0 through May, 199. Discussion Five (1.8%) of the 9 summer steelhead radio tagged in ovember of 199 were found to have migrated upstream of the DFO enumeration weir in the spring of 199. During previous studies on the (Beere 1991c, 199) where steelhead were radio tagged in April of 1990 and in April of 199, it was found that a greater percentage of those fish migrated and spawned upstream of the weir. A fourth study, whose results have yet to be reported, found that 0.0% and.% of fish radio tagged in each of two replicates migrated upstream of the DFO weir (Beere 1998 in prep.; able ). hese results confirm that estimating the size of the steelhead population could not be accomplished by simply counting steelhead migrating through the DFO weir, as a significant proportion of the run spawn in other locations. he fact that a proportion of the steelhead population migrates upstream of the weir in fall also compromises the accuracy of spring counts. Suspected mortality/regurgitation rates were also significantly higher than in the previous two studies on the. In fact, this was the lowest survival to spawning destination of angled and radio tagged steelhead of any Fisheries Branch project conducted since 1990 (Beere 1991b, 1991c, 1991d, 199, 199, 1998; able ). Capture and tagging operations during this project progressed favorably and an explanation for the resultant mortality is puzzling. steelhead radio tagged in the fall demonstrated a higher mortality rate than those captured and tagged in the spring. his finding is also supported by a most recent study involving steelhead radio tagged using two different methods of transmitter application in both spring and fall (Beere 1998); fall tagged fish were found to Fisheries Report #SK 9 1

19 experience a lower survival to destination even though radio tagged fish were captured from the same population and at the same location. able. umber of radio tagged steelhead from three different radio telemetry projects migrating upstream of the DFO weir. agging Date umber Radio agged umber (percent) of Radio ags u/s of DFO Weir April 11, (7.%) April 1, (8.0%) ovember 7, (1.8%) October, (0.0%) April 10, (.%) able. Percentage survival of steelhead angled and radio tagged by the Fisheries Branch since Project umber of Steelhead Angled and Radio agged Percent Survival o Destination Bulkley Fall, Spring, Zymoetz Fall, /Spring 1991 Zymoetz Spring, Spring, Fall, Fall, Spring, he migration rates documented between ovember and April tracking dates (from -1.0 km/day downstream migration to 1. km/day) and for mid-april to mid-may, after water temperatures rose to º C (from 0.1 km/day to.1 km/day) were similar to those found by Beere (199) (between 0.1 and. km/day), Lough (1979), for steelhead angled between July 0 and August, 1978, 9 km upstream of yee ( km/day), and Beere (199) on the Zymoetz in April, 199 ( km/day). Conversely, Spence (1989), who was studying the migrations of steelhead seined in tidal waters in the fall of 1988, and for the most part, in the mainstem, found that the average rate of travel for radio tagged steelhead less than 10 km upstream of the mouth of the was 7. km/day; up to kilometer he found an average rate of 8. km/day; 10. km/day downstream of the Fisheries Report #SK 9 1

20 Zymoetz, 0. km/day between the Zymoetz and Bulkley rivers (individuals as high as. km/day), as high as km/day upstream of Bulkley and as low as 1. km/day. Spence documented that migration rates were reduced once steelhead had entered their natal stream in the fall, and that the final migration from an overwintering location to the spawning destination in the spring was slower than most fall migrations. he fact that fish passing through the DFO weir spent between less than half a day (9.7 hours) and more than days (17. hours) downstream of the fence before proceeding upstream indicates a reluctance of fish to pass through a man made obstruction. Previously, Beere (199) determined that only (0%) of 1 radio tagged steelhead that migrated upstream of the DFO weir did so during the period that the weir was actively fished (April 8 to May 1); only (17%) of those 1 migrated downstream through the weir during that period. hese results suggest that fish avoided the weir as long as possible when there was human activity on the weir, that the funnel traps used (reducing the width of the migration corridor) and the hours of operation disrupted normal migration behaviour. In a similar study conducted on the in 1990 (Beere 1991), when the weir was not actively monitored, a greater proportion (11/1; 7.%) of radio tagged steelhead migrated upstream of the weir. ine (8%) of the 11 migrated upstream during the April 8 to May 1 period but only (18%) of 11 had emigrated prior to May 1. his limited data suggests that steelhead migration through the weir may have been delayed in the current study as a result of actively fishing the weir. However further information must be gathered to eliminate the possibility that migration behaviour differences were due to between year differences in migration timing of steelhead. It was estimated that spawning was completed between May 1 and June 8. his corroborates with the results noted by Beere (199)(prior to May 7), and Beere (1990), where spawning was estimated to occur between May 1 and May. It was difficult to ascertain time of spawning for other fish radio tagged because, as Lough (198) noted in a study on the Zymoetz, although spawning took place in mid-may to early June, some remained in the river until July 10. In the present and 1990 studies, time of spawning could only be estimated by monitoring emigration timing. Radio tagged kelt emigration rates within the ranged from 1.8 km/day to 199. km/day; within the, between the - confluence and the Exchamsiks- confluence, emigration rates ranged from 1. km/day to 19. km/day. he current speed in the was calculated to be approximately 19. km/day using mean water velocity data (Water survey of Canada 1989) for the month of July (1.9 m/s). herefore, some kelts actively emigrated at greater than current speed. he steelhead killed in a ative gillnet fishery on the is a reminder that steelhead that survive spawning and emigrate back to the ocean are vulnerable to harvest as kelts just as upstream migrants are vulnerable on route to their natal streams. he radio tagged fish that was killed in this study emigrated past the - confluence on June 8, 199. It is assumed that later emigrating kelts, predominantly males, are more vulnerable to capture in summer fisheries for chinook and sockeye salmon, in both in-river ative and coastal commercial fisheries. During this study, a 98 cm, ~11 kilogram (~ pound) female steelhead was captured on the upstream the Shelagyote (km ) and radio tagged (Figure 10). his is remarkable in that, in addition to the considerable length for a female steelhead, this fish was Fisheries Report #SK 9 17

21 one of the oldest steelhead ever sampled (1 years) and had spawned an estimated four times, perhaps the most spawning migrations ever recorded for a steelhead. his female had been captured previously by a guided angler and anchor tagged in October, In 1987, the fish was estimated to be. kilograms (~10 pounds). Figure 10. A 98 cm, 11 kilogram female steelhead estimated to be returning to spawn for a remarkable fourth time in it s 1 th year of life. Recommendations 1. Operating the enumeration weir in conjunction with radio telemetry is not recommended for estimating the summer steelhead population, as some fish pass through the weir in the fall and the proportion of fish utilizing habitat upstream of the weir varies annually.. If the weir is to be used for fisheries management, care should be taken to minimize activity on the fence and maximize the number of openings available for steelhead to migrate upstream and downstream through the weir. Available data suggests that the fence disrupts steelhead migrations and it is possible that fish may be prevented from spawning in desired habitat upstream of the weir.. he importance of small and particularly lake headed streams to steelhead must again be emphasized. Forest harvest operations often overlook small streams, rationalizing their lack of importance due to size. he utmost of care must be taken to inventory and protect these steelhead spawning/juvenile rearing streams when preparing forest harvest plans/carrying out forest harvest/development activities.. Further investigation of the mortality rate in spring versus fall tagged summer steelhead projects may assist biologists in mitigating incidental fish losses. Fisheries Report #SK 9 18

22 Acknowledgments his study was conceived and directed by Bob Hooton and he participated in the tagging of fish as did Dana Atagi. Canadian Helicopters transported Fisheries Branch personnel for tracking flights; thanks to pilots Darrell Adzich and om Brooks and engineers erry Grant and racy orunski. homas Leewondowski and Boyd aylor at Lotek Engineering provided telemetry equipment and answered telemetry related questions. Davin Harris at Environment Canada provided water discharge data. LGL Environmental Consultants maintained mainstem telemetry stations under contract to the Fisheries Branch. his project was funded by Environment s Habitat Conservation rust Fund and developed by personnel of Environment. he Habitat Conservation rust Fund was created by an act of the legislature to preserve, restore and enhance key areas of habitat for fish and wildlife throughout British Columbia. Hunters, anglers, trappers and guides contribute to HCF enhancement projects through license surcharges. ax deductible donations to assist in the work of HCF are welcome. H O S BI ERV U RUS D IO C Fisheries Report #SK 9 19

23 References Anonymous Fish habitat inventory and information program. Stream summary catalogue. Subdistrict D Smithers Volume 1. Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Vancouver, B.C.. Anonymous British Columbia freshwater fishing regulations synopsis, Fisheries Branch. Ministry of Environment, Lands and Parks, -780 Blanshard Street, Victoria, B.C., V8V 1X. Anonymous British Columbia steelhead harvest questionnaire Fisheries Branch. Ministry of Environment, Lands and Parks, Data Warehouse Blanshard Street, Victoria, B.C., V8V 1X. Atagi, D.Y. (in prep.). Steelhead, 199: Weir operation and field testing of a video fish counting system. Unpublished M.S. Fisheries Report #SK???? pp. Ministry of Environment, Lands and Parks, Smithers, B.C.. Beere, M.C. 1991a. Steelhead migration behaviour and timing as evaluated from radio tagging at the test fishery, Unpublished M.S. Fisheries Report #SK-9, pp. Ministry of Environment, Lands and Parks, Smithers, B.C.. Beere, M.C. 1991b. Radio telemetry investigations of steelhead tagged in the lower Bulkley, Unpublished M.S. Fisheries Report #SK-70, 18pp. Ministry of Environment, Lands and Parks, Smithers, B.C.. Beere, M.C. 1991c. Radio telemetry investigations of steelhead, spring Unpublished M.S. Fisheries Report # SK 71, 17 pp. Ministry of Environment, Lands and Parks, Smithers, B.C.. Beere, M.C. 1991d. Memo to file. Re: Results of flight to Kitnayakwa - Monitoring radio tagged steelhead, April, Ministry of Environment, Lands and Parks, Smithers, B.C.. File o. 0-7/ZYM/KIAY. Beere, M.C Movements of summer run steelhead trout tagged with radio transmitters in the Zymoetz during spring, 199. Unpublished M.S. Fisheries Report #9, pp. Ministry of Environment, Lands and Parks, Smithers, B.C.. Beere, M.C Movements of summer run steelhead trout tagged with radio transmitters in the during spring, 199. Unpublished M.S. Fisheries Report #9, pp. Ministry of Environment, Lands and Parks, Smithers, B.C.. Fisheries Report #SK 9 0

24 Beere, M.C (in prep.). Radio telemetry investigations of esophageal and surgically radio tagged summer steelhead in the, fall 199 and spring 199. Unpublished M.S. Fisheries Report #SK-?? pp, Ministry of Environment, Lands and Parks, Smithers, B.C.. Koski, W.R., R.F. Alexander and K.K. English Distribution, timing and numbers of coho salmon and steelhead returning to the watershed in 199. pp. Report by LGL Limited, Sidney, B.C., for Fisheries Branch, Ministry of Environment, Lands and Parks, Victoria, B.C.. Lotimer, J., C. Grant and B. aylor Advanced radio telemetry techniques for fisheries and wildlife applications. Unpublished. Literature provided at a biotelemetry workshop, February 7-9, 199, Fairbanks, Alaska. Lotek Engineering, ewmarket, Ontario. Lough, M.J Radio-telemetry studies of summer run steelhead trout in the, 1978, with particular reference to equipment and capture methods. Unpublished M.S. Fisheries Report #78-10 (S.E.P.), 17 pp. Ministry of Environment, Lands and Parks, Smithers, B.C.. Lough, M.J Radio telemetry studies of summer steelhead trout in the Cranberry, Kispiox, Kitwanga and Zymoetz rivers and oboggan Creek, Unpublished M.S. Fisheries Report #80-0 (S.E.P.), 7 pp. Ministry of Environment, Lands and Parks, Smithers, B.C.. Saimoto, R.S steelhead, 199/9: population estimate and weir assessment. Unpublished M.S. Fisheries Report # SK 9, pp. Ministry of Environment, Lands and Parks, Smithers, B.C.. Sebastian, D.C Steelhead production characteristics of the and tributaries, Unpublished M.S. Fisheries Assessment and Improvement Unit, Recreational Fisheries Branch, Victoria, B.C., Fisheries Project Report o. FAIU-09, 7 pp.. Spence, C. R Rates of movement and timing of migrations of steelhead trout to and within the, Fisheries Report # SK, pp. Ministry of Environment, Lands and Parks, Smithers, B.C.. Water Survey of Canada Historical stream flow summary - British Columbia. 108 pp. Inland Waters Directorate, Water Resources Branch, Ottawa, Canada. Fisheries Report #SK 9 1

25 Appendices Appendices 1-9. Movements of individual radio tagged steelhead as determined by tracking flights and fixed tracking station data. designates tagging location while S designates suspected spawning location., Bulkley, Zymoetz and Exchamsiks designations denote fixed tracking stations located at the confluences of those rivers with the. Fisheries Report #SK 9

26 7 ovember 7 January 1 March 0 April May 1 - June - Bulkley June - Exchamsiks, - Appendix 1. Movements of radio tagged steelhead #1, 9 cm male. Ch. 10, code ovember 7 ovember December 1 January 1 March 7 March 0 April April 18 May 11 June 9 10 Appendix. Movements of radio tagged steelhead #, cm male. Ch. 10, code 1. Fisheries Report #SK 9

27 7 8 ovember 7 ovember December 1 January 1 March 7 March 0 April April 18 9 May June 9,, -10 Appendix. Movements of radio tagged steelhead #, 9 cm male. Ch. 10, code. 7 8 ovember 7 ovember December 1 January 1 March 0 April 18 May 11 June 9, -8 Appendix. Movements of radio tagged steelhead #, 91 cm female. Ch. 10, code 9. Fisheries Report #SK 9

28 8 S S ovember 7 ovember December 1 January 1 March 0 April 18 May 11 8 June 17-9 June 0 - Bulkley 10 June 1 - Zymoetz 11 June - Exchamsiks, Appendix. Movements of radio tagged steelhead #, 1 cm male. Ch. 10, code 90. ovember 7 Appendix. Movements of radio tagged steelhead #, 8 cm male. Ch. 10, code. Fisheries Report #SK 9

29 S ovember 7 ovember January 1 March 0 May 11 May 1-7 June 1 - Zymoetz 8 June - Exchamsiks, - S Appendix 7. Movements of radio tagged steelhead #7, 8 cm male. Ch. 10, code S S 8 ovember 7 ovember December 1 January 1 March 0 April 18 May 11 June 9 9 June 9-10 June 11 -Bulkley 11 June 1 - Zymoetz 1 June 17 - Exchamsiks Appendix 8. Movements of radio tagged steelhead #8, cm female. Ch., code. Fisheries Report #SK 9

30 7 8 ovember 7 December 1 January 1 March 7 March 0 April May 11 June 9, -8 Appendix 9. Movements of radio tagged steelhead #9, 81 cm female. Ch., code 1. ovember 7 December 1 March 0 April 18 May 11 June 8 - Appendix 10. Movements of radio tagged steelhead #10, cm male. Ch., code 7. Fisheries Report #SK 9 7

31 ovember 7 ovember 9 ovember December 1 January 1 March 0 April 18 May 11 9 June 9, Appendix 11. Movements of radio tagged steelhead #11, 81 cm female. Ch. 10, code. 7 8 ovember 7 ovember December 1 January 1 March 7 March 0 April April 18 9 May June 9, -10 Appendix 1. Movements of radio tagged steelhead #1, 8 cm male. Ch. 10, code 8. Fisheries Report #SK 9 8

32 ovember 7 ovember 9 December 1 January 1 January - March 0 7 March 0 - Bulkley 8 April 18 - d/s Bulkley Appendix 1. Movements of radio tagged steelhead #1, 77 cm female. Ch. 8, code. 7, ovember 7 ovember 9 ovember December 1 January 1 March 0 7 June - 8 June - Bulkley 9 June - Zymoetz 10 June - Exchamsiks Appendix 1. Movements of radio tagged steelhead #1, 8 cm male. Ch. 8, code 71. Fisheries Report #SK 9 9

33 9, 10, 7, 8,,, 7 8 ovember 7 ovember 9 ovember December 1 January 1 March 7 March 0 April 18 9 May June 9 Appendix 1. Movements of radio tagged steelhead #1, 70 cm female. Ch. 8, code 9., 7 8 ovember 7 ovember 9 December 1 January 1 March 7 March 0 April April 18 9 May June , 9 Appendix 1. Movements of radio tagged steelhead #1, 9 cm male. Ch., code. Fisheries Report #SK 9 0

34 ,,, ovember 7 ovember December 1 January 1 May 11 June 9 Appendix 17. Movements of radio tagged steelhead #17, 9 cm female. Ch., code 7. 8,, S ovember 7 ovember December 1 January 1 March 0 April May 11 8 May - 9 May - Bulkley S Appendix 18. Movements of radio tagged steelhead #18, 8 cm female. Ch., code. Fisheries Report #SK 9 1

35 7-7 8 ovember 7 ovember December 1 January 1 March 0 April 18 May 1 - June 1 - Bulkley 9 June 1 - Zymoetz 10 June 1 - Exchamsiks Appendix 19. Movements of radio tagged steelhead #19, 9 cm male. Ch., code. 8 - ovember 7 ovember December 1 January 1 March 0 May 11 S May 8 8 June 1-9 June 1 - Bulkley 10 June - Zymoetz 11 June - Exchamsiks S Appendix 0. Movements of radio tagged steelhead #0, cm male. Ch., code 0. Fisheries Report #SK 9

36 ovember 9 December 1 December 1 January 1 March 7 April 18 7, 8, 7 May 11 8 June 9 Appendix 1. Movements of radio tagged steelhead #1, 9 cm female. Ch., code. 7, ovember 7 ovember 9 December 1 January 1 March 0 April 18 7 May 0-8 June - Bulkley 9 June - Zymoetz 10 June 7 - Exchamsiks Appendix. Movements of radio tagged steelhead #, 81 cm female. Ch., code 8. Fisheries Report #SK 9

37 10,, 7 ovember 7 ovember December 1 January 1 March 7 March 0 7 April 18 8 May 11 S May 1 10 May 0-11 May 0 - Bulkley 1 June - Zymoetz 1 June - Exchamsiks 8 S Appendix. Movements of radio tagged steelhead #, 78 cm female. Ch. 9, code 7. 9,, ovember 7 ovember December 1 January 1 March 0 April 7 April 18 S May 11 9 May 0-10 May 1 - Bulkley 7, S Appendix. Movements of radio tagged steelhead #, 8 cm female. Ch. 9, code. Fisheries Report #SK 9

38 ovember 7 ovember 9 ovember December 1 January 1 March 7,, March 0 8 April 9 April May June 9 11 Appendix. Movements of radio tagged steelhead #, 8 cm male. Ch. 9, code , 7 ovember 7 ovember 9 ovember December 1 January 1 March 7, 7 March 0 8 April 18 9 June - 10 June - Bulkley 11 June - Zymoetz 1 June 7 - Exchamsiks Appendix. Movements of radio tagged steelhead #, 77 cm female. Ch. 9, code 7. Fisheries Report #SK 9