Freshwater fishes of Australia. Stephanie Januchowski-Hartley
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1 Freshwater fishes of Australia Stephanie Januchowski-Hartley
2 Australia!
3 Image credits: V Hermoso
4 Today s talk! Origins of Australia s freshwater fishes Biogeography of Australia s freshwater fishes Ecology of Australia s freshwater fishes Humans and freshwater fish Credit: SRJH
5 Freshwater fish origins Primary freshwater species Entire evolutionary history restricted to freshwater Fossil records pre-date fragmentation of Gondwana Few of these species in Australia Gondwanaland: geos309.community.uaf.edu
6 Freshwater fish origins Secondary freshwater species Derived from marine fishes/ ecosystems Ancestors from tropical Indo-Pacific Majority of Australia s freshwater fishes
7 Today s talk! Origins of Australia s freshwater fishes Biogeography of Australia s freshwater fishes Ecology of Australia s freshwater fishes Humans and freshwater fish Credit: SRJH
8 Rainfall and catchment size influence biogeography
9 Biogeography The distribution of species through space and time Species richness - the number of species in a defined area driven by river discharge and perennial stream flows R i c h n e s s Map: peter.unmack.net
10 Biogeography Endemism - unique occurrence of a species to a single area 47% of freshwater species endemic to a single region Driven by isolation due to aridity and drainage divides Map: peter.unmack.net
11 Today s talk! Origins of Australia s freshwater fishes Biogeography of Australia s freshwater fishes Ecology of Australia s freshwater fishes Humans and freshwater fish Credit: SRJH
12 Lepidogalaxias salamandroides (Salamanderfish) Primary freshwater species Endemic to peat lands between two rivers Map: peter.unmack.net
13 Lepidogalaxias salamandroides Inhabits small (2-600 m 2 ) acidic ephemeral ponds Where are the fish? Aestivation - is a state of animal dormancy due to arid conditions Fishes remain in burrows (up to 1m below) until rain returns next year Images: australianmuseum.net.au
14 Adapting to life under pressure Performs internal fertilization Wedged-shaped skull resists weight of wet sand Vertebrae gaps and reduced abdominal ribs allow burrowing Cannot move eyes; flexible vertebrae allows head to turn
15 Tropical river diversity 8,000 km 2 supports >50% of Australia s freshwater fish 11 rainforest endemics - perennial flow and riffle habitats Rainforest vegetation important role in fish diets Credit: SRJH
16 Feeding adaptations Kuhlia rupestris (Jungle Perch) Cairnsichthys rhombosomoides (Cairns rainbowfish )
17 Feeding adaptations! CREDIT: National Geographic Toxotes chatareus (Seven-spot archerfish)
18 Amphidromy Image: hawaiiwatershedatlas.com Adult spawn in fresh water Larvae pass to sea to feed and grow Young of year return to fresh waters
19 What are amphidromous fish adaptations? Where would amphidromy be advantageous? Image credit: D. Hogan
20 Amphidromy in Australia s streams Amphidromy sparse on continents Conditions similar to island streams Small coastal drainages poorly sampled
21 Amphidromy in Australia s streams 10 new amphidromous species recorded (2011) many species found on nearby islands doi: /journal.pone g002
22 Today s talk! Origins of Australia s freshwater fishes Biogeography of Australia s freshwater fishes Ecology of Australia s freshwater fishes Humans and freshwater fish Credit: SRJH
23 Humans and fishes What types of human disturbances do you think could threaten Australia s fishes?
24 Thank you for listening! Related reading: Biogeography of Australian Freshwater Fishes Freshwater Fishes of Northeastern Australia Pusey, Kennard and Arthington 2004 Amphidromy Links a Newly Documented Fish Community of Continental Australian Streams, to Oceanic Islands of the West Pacific journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id= /journal.pone
25
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