Overview of the Horse Industry: Functions & Purposes. Lecture 1 Horse Management

Transcription

1 Overview of the Horse Industry: Functions & Purposes Lecture 1 Horse Management

2 Purpose - Role of the Horse Primary Purposes in the United States: 90 % Pleasure - leisure, trail riding, showing, lessons racing rodeo, polo, carriage, hitches police, transportation, work

3 History of Horse in United States Year # horses # in Type/ in US Indiana Uses M.62 M draft work M 110,000 draft wealthy M 87,000 Light breeds M 185,000 Light breeds Race, show pleasure

4 Industry Overview 85-90% of horses kept for recreation only 1.4 Million FTE employed 1.9 Million own horses 3.9 horses/owner - Herd size 7.1 Million involved with horse industry Horse population follows human population

5 Types of Equine _Draft_ - cold blooded, heavy horses hands tall, weigh about 2000 lbs... Belgian, Percheron, Clydesdale, Suffolk, Shire Light Breeds - more refined and athletic Race - Thoroughbreds, Standardbreds Show/Pleasure - Arabian, Quarter Horse, hands tall, weigh lbs... _Ponies_ - mature less than 58 inches Shetland, Hackney, Welsh, P.O.A. s

6 Draft Breeds

7 Light Breeds

8 Ponies

9 Breed Demographics - Foals Registered in 2000 American Quarter Horse - 110,714 = = American Paint - 54, Thoroughbred - 35, Arabian - 11, Standardbred- 11, Tennessee Walker - 11, Appaloosa - 11,030 = =

10 State Demographics - Rank Order _Texas _California_ Florida Oklahoma Illinois Colorado Ohio New York Kentucky Michigan Indiana - 24th

11 World Distribution of Equus Country Equine X 1,000 Horses per capita Equine / sq. mile Russia 13, Brazil 11, China 9, Mexico 9, Argentina 8, Poland 7, USA 7,

12 Most Common Unsoundnesses Bowed Tendons - tearing flexor tendons usually in front, low weak pasterns, deep surface Splints - pulled metacarpal ligament Ca deposits on upper cannon bone - offset knees Navicular - erosion of distal sesamoid in heel often steep pasterns, small foot, contracted heels Laminitis - chronic founder, damaged laminae often obesity, over eating, concussion Spavins - hock problems, posty or sickle hocked

13 Vital Signs of Horses Resting Normals Performance Maximums Pulse - _40_ bpm Resp. Rate - 10 bpm Temp o F Pulse - _250_ bpm Resp. Rate -100bpm Temp F

14 Housing - Fences protect from weather, dry place to eat, storage 3-sided shed - closed cold barns - closed warm barns - ventilation - drainage - - keep them in - safely boards and posts woven wire w/board or electric pipe or pipe gates PVC - poly vinyl chloride plastic covered high tensile wire

15 Routine Health Management Internal Parasite Control Contagious Diseases Dental Care EIA - Coggins Hoof Care

16 Internal Parasite Control Strongyles (large and small) - larvae damage arteries and cause G.I. colic Ascarids (round worms) - migrate from G.I. Tract to lungs, problem in foals Bots - fly lays yellow nits, larvae damage stomach lining Pinworms - female lays eggs around rectum in tail irritant, indicator of parasites

17 Deworm Regularly Frequency depends on: horse density on pasture age use Methods Purge Naso-gastric tube Paste Continuous Daily in feed

18 Body Condition Scoring 1-3 Poor-Thin 4 Can see ribs, vertebra ridge evident 5 Back flat, can t see ribs, but can feel them 6 Crease down back, fat deposits 7-9 Fleshy - Extremely fat

19 Routine Health Management Floating Molars points on inside of upper and outside of lower interfere with chewing check mouth for irritating points at least 2x/year file with guarded file Hoof Trimming hoof grows 1/3-1/2 /mo... If grow>wear = trim if grow<wear = shoe reset shoes every 5-8 weeks

20 Diseases / Vaccinations TETANUS - lockjaw, clostridium - ALL RHINO_ PNEUMONITIS - virus flu & abortions ENCEPHELOMYELYTIS - EE, WE, & VE Strangles - distemper, strep bacteria, lymph Influenza -flu, various strains Potomac Horse Fever - ricketsia vector, water Rabies - virus carried in wild animals

21 Current Hot Diseases Mare Reproductive Loss Syndrome 1980/2001 late term stillborn/abortions day abortions cyanide, wild cherry trees, Eastern Tent Caterpillars West Nile Virus concern of human population birds two cases in IN new vaccine - conditional approval

22 Current Hot Diseases Equine Infectious Anemia (EIA) blood borne w/ insects or needles, COGGINS Test for AB s no vaccine, always a carrier Equine Protozoal Myelitis (EPM) bird and raccoon spinal cord lesions test AB s in spinal fluid can treat and live

23 Metabolic Diseases of Nutritional Nature Colic Laminitis/Founder Physitis/Epiphysitis Exertional Myopathy - tying up paralytic myoglobinuria, rhabdomyolysis Rickets/osteomalacia, Osteochondrosis Acidosis, ketosis, alkali disease Toxicities - micotoxins, minerals, etc.

24 Digestive Categories of Horses Maintenance - basic requirements of life Growth - youngest has highest requirements Gestation - last three months Lactation - first three months Work - depends on activity light, moderate, intense

25 Levels of Performance/Work Light - western and English pleasure, trail riding, equitation, hacking Moderate - dressage, ranch work, roping, cutting, barrel racing, jumping Intense - race training, polo, cutting,

26 Digestive Tract feet long Stomach - small, frequent, meals; initiates digestion, like non-ruminant Small Intestine - site of most amino acid from dietary protein, most soluble CHO energy on grain diet, fat digested Cecum - site of bacteria needed to digest cellulose to VFA s in forages like ruminants Colon - absorb water, urea, no bacteria

27 Feeding Guidelines Eat 2.5 % of BW as Dry Matter Forage Always more forage than grains Access to water and minerals (salt) Need regular exercise - be athletic Most horse are overweight

28 Colic - #2 cause of death Most horses die of old age Colic - abdominal pain from numerous causes Medical colics - 95 % respond to mineral oil, pain killers, etc... Surgical colics - don t respond to medicine about 50% return to initial use

29 Breeding Management Seasonally Polyestrus - cycle regularly during seasons of increasing days length Estrous is days Estrus lasts 5-7 days - ovulation last 24 hrs. Gestation is 340 days foals weigh 10-12% of the dam s weight commonly use A.I. with cooled semen, embryo transfer, now more frozen semen

30 Breeding Technologies Day Light - long day breeders (16 hours) Ultrasound - detect pregnancy Embryo transfer Flow cytometry - sex sorting semen Artificial Insemination cooled and shipped semen

31 Genetic Diseases CID - Combined Immuno Deficiency mostly Arabians autosomal _recessive_ dd diseased Dd carrier (hidden) DD normal HyPP -Hyper kalemic Periodic Paralysis Quarter Horses of Impressive breeding autosomal _dominant_ hh - normal Hh - diseased HH diseased

32 Careers in the Horse Industry Veterinarian Trainer/Exhibitor Breeder Farrier Instructor Boarding Stable Manager Feed Sales / Research Tack and Equipment Manufacturer/Sales Truck & Trailer Sales Fencing & barn builders Health Care Product Sales

33 Horse Industry Summary Small herd size primarily for fun dependant on discretionary income density follows people population high turnover in ownership Little long-term knowledge of horse management careers in education, services and products increasing science & technology It s the economy!