空手のカウンター状況における予測動作の熟練差の検討

Transcription

1 Original Article 空手のカウンター状況における予測動作の熟練差の検討 1 2 Differences in Prediction Movement in Counter Situations between Skilled and Less-Skilled Karate-Kumite Players Yusuke Takezawa 1 and Seijiro Tsutsui 2 Abstract This study examined differences in the times required by skilled and less-skilled karate-kumite players to perform prediction movement in competition. We focused on the rapid selection and execution of reactive movements that served as counter movements. The participants were divided into skilled and less-skilled groups by two judges for the purposes of organizing the matches. Attack players and counter players were designated before each match began. The experimenter required the attack players to initiate attacks and the counter players to respond to these attacks, and they fought in each group respectively. For each pair, 16 successful and 16 unsuccessful counter movements were video-recorded, yielding a total of 64 images. The counter-movement initiation, counter-movement, and attack-movement times were determined from the videos. Comparisons between the skilled and lessskilled groups in terms of these variables produced the following results: skilled players initiated counter movements significantly more rapidly in successful than in unsuccessful situations, and lessskilled players executed attack movements significantly more slowly in successful than in unsuccessful situations. Therefore, the skilled and less-skilled groups differed with respect to key features of counter-movement skills. Key words: counter-movement initiation time, counter-movement time, attack-movement time, counter skill stsutsui@auecc.aichi-edu.ac.jp 1 Seika Junior High School , Kagashimaseika, Gifu, Gifu, Aichi University of Education, Faculty of Education 1, Igaya, Hirosawa, Kariya, Aichi, Corresponding author: Seijiro Tsutsui 1

2 Savelsbergh et al 2002 Savelsbergh et al 2005 Cañal-Bruland et al 2010 Mori et al ms 2 Williams & Elliott 1999 Rosalie & Müller

3 Uzu et al Williams & Walmsley 2000 Gutierrez-Davila et al. 2013a Gutierrez-Davila et al. 2013b A

4 Counter- Movement Initiation Time 2 Counter-Movement Time 3 Attack-Movement Time 1 60Hz 1 4

5 5 m = SD=0.632 SD= SD=0.748 SD= Bartlett Turkey-Kramer 5 η χ , p>.05 F 1, 30 =13.034, p<.01, η 2 =0.218 F 1, 30 =24.836, p<.01, η 2 =0.166 F 1, 30 =18.779, p<.01, η 2 =0.148 η 2 η Counter-Movement Initiation time: CMIT 2 Counter-Movement Time: CMT 3 Attack-Movement Time: AMT 5

6 χ p>.05 F 1, 30 =0.560, p>.05 F 1, 30 =0.950, p>.05 F 1, 30 =0.481, p> χ 2 =2.839, p>.05 F 1, 30 =8.374, p<.01, η 2 =0.218 F 1, 30 =5.968, p<.01, η 2 =0.166 F 1, 30 =5.199, p<.05, η 2 =0.148 η 2 η p< p<.05 6

7 0.20 Mori et al Williams and Elliott Rosalie & Müller s 7

8 Cañal-Bruland, R. C., Kamp, J. V. D., Arkesteijn, M., Janssen, R. G., Kesteren, J. V., and Savelsbergh, G. J. P. (2010) Visual search behavior in skilled field-hockey goalkeepers. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 41: Gutierrez-Davila, M., Rojas, F. J., Antonio, R., and Navarro, E. (2013a) Effect of uncertainty on the reaction response in fencing. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 84 (1) : Gutierrez-Davila, M., Rojas, F. J., Caletti, M., Antonio, R., and Navarro, E. (2013b) Effect of target change during the simple attack in fencing. Journal of Sport Science, 31 (10) : Mori, S., Ohtani, Y., and Imanaka, K. (2002) Reaction times and anticipatory skills of karate athletes. Human Movement Science, 21: Rosalie, S. M., and Müller, S. (2013) Timing of in situ visual information pick-up that differentiates expert and near-expert anticipation in a complex motor skill. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 66 (10) : Savelsbergh, G. J. P., Williams, A. M., Kamp, J. V. D., and Ward, P. (2002) Visual search, anticipation and expertise in soccer goalkeepers. Journal of Sports Science, 20: Savelsbergh, G. J. P., Williams, A. M., Kamp, J. V. D., and Ward, P. (2005) Anticipation and visual search behavior in expert soccer goalkeepers. Ergonomics, 48: Uzu, R., Shinya, M., and Oda, S. (2009) A split-step shortens the time to perform a choice reaction stepreach movement in a simulated tennis task. Journal of Sports Science, 27 (12) : Williams, A. M. and Elliott, D. (1999) Anxiety, expertise, and visual search strategy in karate. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 21: Williams, L. R. T. and Walmsley, A. (2000) Response timing and muscular coordination in fencing: A comparison of elite and novice fencers. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sports, 3 (4) :