NAGINATA. The (very unofficial and not quite) Definitive Glossary! By Chloé Bellec (gotcha!) v.1 based on French v.7

Transcription

1 NAGINATA The (very unofficial and not quite) Definitive Glossary! By Chloé Bellec (gotcha!) v.1 based on French v.7

2 MOKUJI - 目次 - INDEX Japanese pronunciation...3 Transcription...3 Long and short syllables...3 Doubling consonants...3 Kanji system...3 Kana system...3 Dōjō training...4 Numbers and grades...5 Shōgō or titles...5 The weapon...6 The outfit...6 Armour...6 Postures...7 Movements...7 Strikes...8 Gōrei 号令 or commands...8 Kamae...8 Taisabaki...8 Uchi...9 Swings (furi waza)...9 Paired training...9 Note on the term keiko 稽古...9 Concepts...9 Techniques...10 Types of keiko and combat...10 Attacking and counter-attacking forms (shikake ōji waza) :...11 Commands and thanking...11 Some commands that sensei or senpai may give before keiko...11 At the end of practice...12 Tournament and refereeing terms...12 Refereeing body...12 Team composition...12 Team of Team of Refereeing commands

3 Japanese pronunciation Transcription Japanese can be transcribed with western alphabet. It's what Japanese call romaji ("Roman letters"). The most widely used transcription system is called "Hepburn", from it's inventor name, and is based on English pronunciation of Latin letters. Here is however some pointers: A lke in "father" I like in "machine" U like in "hoop" E like in "set" O like in "rope" GI like in "give" GU like in "good" UN loike in "moon" R like in "row" (actually a sound between 'l' and 'r', but closer to 'r') ' N short 'n' at the end of a syllable, pronounced as 'm' before 'b', 'p' or 'm' Note that "u" is often weak at the end of syllables. In particular, the common endings -desu and -masu are pronounced as [des] and [mas] respectively. Long and short syllables Somme syllables are longer than other. It's important to pronounce them as such, otherwise it could cause confusion in meaning. Prolonged vowels a signalled by the macron ˉ Chizu : map Koko : here Senshu : sport player chīzu [chiizu] : cheese kōkō [koukou] : high school Senshū [senshou] : last week Doubling consonants In the same way, there are prolonged consonants, that are signalled in transcription by the doubling of the letter. It pronounces with a slight pause and a lightly forced utterance of the sound. Exemple : roppon me [roppon me] Kanji system Characters of Chinese origin, names kanji in japanese, bear both meanings and one or more pronunciation. There are both ON and Kun readings. ON reading refers to the Chinese origin, and the Kun reading to Japanese pronunciation. Kana system There is also two sets of Japanese syllabary: hiragana and katakana, that have only pronunciation and no particular meaning. Unlike kanji, they have only one pronunciation. Hiragana are used for of Japanese origin, whereas katakana are used for word of foreign origin. Sources: CNED, Wikitravel 3

4 Every romaji word is followed by it's Japanese equivalent, and it's meaning in the context of Naginata practice. For a better understanding of Japanese vocabulary, literal meaning of kanji and some grammar pointers are detailed (except when the word is kanji meaning). Dōjō training Dōjō 道場 Practice place Renshū 練習 Training Onegai shimasu お願いします Beginning of practice wish 道 the way, the path 場 location, place 練 practice, train 習 learn 願 wish, prayer Arigatō gozaimasu ありがとうございます End of practice thanks (thank you very much) ("to have hard", thanks for the effort of the others) Gōrei 号令 Command Hajime 始め Start! Hayaku 速く Quick! 号 signal 令 orders, command Kiai 気合 "Yell" 気 spirit 合 join, fit to join spirit or energy Kiai is not a mere yelling. The cry that is uttered is the result of kiai, not kiai itself. Kiai is to join energy, breathing and spirit with those of the opponent. Another translation is "fighting spirit" Kihon 基本 Basics 基 fundamentals 本 origin Kihon encompasses stances (kamae), moving (taisabaki) and basic movements (strikes uchi, blocks uke, swings furi) Kōhai 後輩 One's "younger", people who are newer in the practice 後 behind, successor 輩 comrade Kōtai (shimasu) 交替 ( します ) Change 交 mix, mingle 替 exchange します do More often use to swap roles (shikake/ōji, uchi/shi...) Massugu 真直ぐ Straight ahead 真 true 直 straight away Mawatte(kudasai) 回って ( ください ) Turn 回 revolve Used to command partner change. Rotêshon ロテーション is sometimes used too Mō ichido もう一度 One more time Mō ikkai もう一回 is also used Mokusō 黙想 Meditation Naore 直れ Back to natural standing stance (shizentai) Onaji 同じ Same Rei 礼 Bow, salute Ritsu rei 立礼 Standing bow Seiza 正座 Sitting position, kneeling and on the heels Sensei 先生 Teacher from english rotation ;) もう again 一 one 度 time 回 fois 黙 silence 想 thought to put back The kanji literally means "politeness" or "etiquette" 立 stand up 礼 salute 正 correct 座 sit 先 before, precedence 生 birth 4

5 Senpai 先輩 One's "senior", people who are older in the practice Shita made 下まで Until down Shizentai 自然体 Natural standing position Shūgō 集合 Gather up Sōtai 相対 Assume face to face standing stance Shōmen 正面 Front wall of the dōjō Taisō 体操 Warm-ups, gymnastics Yame 止め Stop!! Yukkuri ゆっくり Slowly Zarei 座礼 Sitting bow 先輩 comrade 下 down まで until 自 oneself 然 natural 体 body 集 gather 合 join, fit 相 mutual 対 opposite, vis à vis 正 correct, justice 面 face 体 body 操 manoeuvre 座 sit Numbers and grades Kyū 級 Grades under shodan (from rokkyū to ikkyū) Dan 段 Grades starting at shodan and up (until godan) 級 class, grade, rank 段 grade, rank, level Ichi 一 one Ikkyū 一級 1st kyū Shodan 初段 1st dan 初 beginning Ni 二 two Nikyū Nidan San 三 three Sankyū Sandan Shi Yon 四 four Yonkyū Yondan Go 五 five Gokyū Godan Roku 六 six Rokkyū Nana Shichi 七 seven Hachi 八 eight Kyū 九 nine Jū 十 ten Shōgō or titles Shōgō 称号 Title (here, titles delivered after 5th Dan in Naginata) Renshi 錬士 "The one who polishes his technique" Kyōshi 教士 "The one who teaches" Hanshi 範士 "The one who became a model" 士 gentleman, samurai 5

6 The weapon Ha 刃 The blade Kissaki 切先 The tip of the blade 切 cut 先 ahead Mono uchi 物打 The part of the Naginata with which the strike must be delivered 物 chose 打 frapper Shinogi 鎬 lateral ridges of the blade Shinogi ji 鎬地 Area between mune/mine and shinogi 地 ground Mine 峯 The back of the blade This is for the wooden or bamboo blades. For live blades, the right word is Mune 棟 Sendan-maki 千段巻 Device that joins e-bu (handle) and ha-bu (blade) 千 thousand 段 level 巻 scroll "Thousand level scroll". It's said that in old days, the sendan-maki was made of rice straw (the same material used nowadays to fix zenkashi naginata tsuba). The straw is so thin that at least 1000 rounds might be required to cover the length of the sendanmaki. Sendan-maki is also a rattan work. E 柄 The handle of the naginata 柄 handle, shaft Ishi-zuki 石突 The butt end of the naginata shaft 石 stone 突 stab, pierce The ishi-zuki was originally a metal piece (point, blade...). It's now represented on practice naginata by a leather cap The outfit Keikogi 稽古着 Training vest 稽古 keiko (cf. Pair training) 着 garment, uniform 稽古着 = vest for keiko. Also called naginata-gi. Armour Hakama 袴 Traditional japanese trousers Obi 帯 Belt Tenugui 手拭い Piece of cloth wrapped around the head Bōgu 防具 Armour Fukuro 袋 Bag Men 面 Head protection (helmet) Dō 胴 Torso protection (plastron) 手 hand 拭い wipe, mop 防 protect 具 tool, means 面 mask, face 胴 torso Kote 小手 Wrist protection (gauntlet) 小 small 手 hand Nowadays either 小手 or 甲て can be used ( kote with 甲 refers to the word " shell ", but it's seldom used and considered somewhat improper). 6

7 Tare 垂れ Waist protection Sune ate 脛当て Shin protection Himo 紐 Cord (attaching Men and Dō) 垂 suspend, hang 脛 shin 当て hit Zekken ゼッケン Small apron bearing the identity of the practitioners, attached to the tare from german decken, to cover Postures Kamae 構え Posture Chūdan no kamae 中段の構え Medium posture Hassō no kamae 八相の構え Diagonal posture, blade up Wakigamae 脇構え Lateral stance, weapon held horizontally, blade behind Gedan no kamae 下段の構え Low stance, blade downward Jōdan no kame 上段の構え High stance Migi chūdan 右中段 Chūdan with right foot forward Hidari chūdan 左中段 Chūdan with left foot forward Mochi kaete 持ち替えて Posture change Movements Taisabaki 体捌き Body movements Migi 右 Right Hidari 左 Left 中 center 段 steps の [= direction] 構え 八 8 相 aspect, phase 脇 flank 下 down 上 above 右 right 左 left 持ち hold 替えて change! 体 body 捌 to handle Okuri ashi mae 送り足前 Stepping forward, moving front foot first 送り sending 足 leg 前 in front Okuri ashi ato 送り足後 Stepping backward moving back foot first During training and gōrei, only "mae" or"ato" is uttered 後 back Ayumi ashi mae 歩み足前 Four front-crossed steps, starting with back foot 歩み walking 足前 Ayumi ashi ato 歩み足後 Four back-crossed steps, going backward, starting with front foot Tsugi ashi ato 継ぎ足後 Slid step, like a pas chassé backward, front leg "pushing" the back leg 継ぎ follow, successor Tsugi ashi mae 継ぎ足 is possible in theory, but considered useless for combative purpose Fumikae ashi 踏みかえ足 Switching feet on the spot, back foot joining front foot, and then front foot going back 踏み step, trample 7

8 See "Gōrei" for taisabaki commands Strikes and thrusts Uchi 打ち Strike Furiage men uchi 振り上げ面打ち Strike to center forehead, starting from chūdan 振り swing 上げ raise 面 head 打ち Soku men uchi 側面打ち Strike to the temple Sayū men uchi 左右面打ち a two soku men combo on each side of the head 側 side 左 right 右 left Tsuki 突き Thrust to the throat with kissaki 突き thrust, stab There are two other tsuki forms : to the flank with the ishizuki (shikake-ōji waza), to the abdomen (kata), and an alternative way of doing it (kurikomi tsuki) Dō uchi 胴打ち Strike to the flank starting from waki Kōte uchi 小手打ち strike to the wrist 胴 trunk (from breast to belly) 小 small 手 hand Furiage sune 振り上げ脛 Strike to the leg from chūdan 振り swing 上げ raise 脛 leg from knee to ankle Sune uchi 脛打ち Strike to the leg from hassō E-zune 柄脛 Strike to the leg with the e (naginata handle) Fumikomi men 踏み込み面 Direct strike to the head Fumikomi sune 踏み込み脛 Direct strike to the head 踏み込み stepping, breaking into 踏 step, trample 込 in bulk Uchi kaeshi 打ち返し Strike combination : shō men, sayū men, sayū sune, shō men 打ち strike 返し reversal Uchikomi dai 打ち込み台 Striking dummy Datotsu bō 打突棒 Hitting staff Datotsu 打突 Correct strike to the correct target See below "Gōrei" for uchi commands Gōrei 号令 or commands Kamae Posture commands are the same as terms listed under "Postures" 打ち込み pounding into 台 a stand 打 strike 突 thrust 棒 staff Taisabaki Migi ni hirake 右に開け Lateral move to the right Hidari ni hirake 左に開け Lateral move to the left Keep in mind that in Japan, doors open laterally, sliding Other taisabaki orders are same as in "Movements" chapter 開け open 8

9 Uchi Men (w)o ute 面を打て Order to strike men Sune o ute 脛を打て を (DO) 打て hit Furiagete sune o ute 振り上げて脛を打て - て -te is present gerundive mark Dō o ute 胴を打て Kote o ute 小手を打て Furikaeshite men/sune/kote o ute 振り返して面 / 脛 / 小手を打て See furi waza for a definition of furikaeshi Inkō tsuke 咽喉突け Order to strike the throat with kissaki Swings (furi waza) Furi waza 振り技 Swinging cut movements in space (suburi 素振り ) Jōge buri 上下振り Top-down vertical swing Naname buri 斜め振り Oblique swing Yoko buri 横振り Horizontal swing 咽喉 throat 突け thrust, stab 振り swing 技 technique 上 up 下 down 斜め obliqueness 横 side Naname buri shitakara 斜め振り下から Bottom-up oblique swing 斜 diagonal 下 down から from Furi kaeshi 振り返し Vertical swing from front to rear, to end in a vertical top-down cut 返し reversal, return Men/kote no takasa 面 / 小手の高さ command used order movement stop at men/kote height 高 tall 高さ height Happō buri 八方振り All-swings routine : jōge buri, naname buri, yoko buri, naname buri shitakara, furi kaeshi 八 eight 方 direction 振り "eight directions swing" :. Number of repetition is not fixed, some say 4, others 8 Paired training Note on the term keiko 稽古 Keiko ( 稽古 ) literally means "to study the past" (or to study the wisdom of ancients) and thus doesn't mean "training". Renshū ( 練習 ) literally means "training". Renshū is used for soccer, dance or any type of sports. Keiko ill denotes sport training, and is therefore not used as such in Japan. It's use is only for martial arts, budō, and other arts as tea ceremony, flower arrangement, calligraphy... Concepts Maai 間合い Distance Zanshin 残心 Vigilant state of mind after taking the opponent down. 間 space, room, time 合い fit, suit, join 残 remain 心 heart 9

10 Seme 攻め Applying pressure on the opponent 攻め attack, assault Techniques Kihon datotsu (renshū) 基本 Uke 受け Parry Harai 払い To clear the opponent's weapon out 打突 ( 練習 ) Paired exercise in armour receive sweeping Maki otoshi 巻き落とし Pushing the opponent's blade down by using the curvature of one's blade 巻き roll 落とし to drop, to let fall Harai otoshi 払い落とし To push the opponent's blade down Ebarai 柄払い To knock the opponent's weapon aside with e (naginata handle) Debana waza 出鼻 技 To attack on the attacking will of the opponent 出 exit 鼻 the nose 出鼻 beginning, depart 技 technique Always written in hiragana ( でばな技 ) Harai waza 払い技 Technique of destroying opponent's posture Hiki waza 引き技 Technique for attacking while stepping back 引き pull Nuki waza 抜き技 Counter-attack technique after evading opponent's attack 抜き slip out, pull out Types of keiko and combat Moto dachi 元立ち One who receive techniques and lead exercise 元 origin 立ち stand "He who stands before you". Being supposedly more experienced, he thus leads the exercise Kakari geiko 掛かり稽古 Combat form where the less experienced one try and find openings, to land uchi on the moto dachi 掛 depend 掛かり expense Hikitate geiko 引き立て稽古 Combat form where the more experienced one try and create opportunities adapted to one's partner's level 引 pull 立 stand up 引き立て favour, patronage Difference between kakari geiko et hikitate geiko : for kakari geiko, it's the practice of lower ranked that is stressed, for hikitate geiko, the higher ranked one's Uchikomi geiko 打ち込み稽古 Training combat, strike practice, techniques repetition in combat situation 打ち込み pounding in, shooting into Gokaku geiko 互格稽古 Combat between two practitioners of even level 互 reciprocally 格 capacity Ji geiko 地稽古 Un-refereed combat Shiai geiko 試合稽古 Refereed combat 地 practice Shiai 試合 Match 試 test, try, experiment 合 join Mitori geiko 見取り稽古 Learning by watching 10 見 see 取 take, fetch 見取り perceive, understand

11 Attacking and counter-attacking forms (shikake ōji waza) : Shikake ōji waza 仕掛け応じ技 Attacking and counter-attacking forms 仕掛け to take action 応じ to answer an invite 技 technique In Naginata, shikake is written with hiragana ( しかけ ) and ōji with kanji Shikake しかけ Attacker ōji 応じ Counter-attacker Ippon me 一本目 First form Nihon me 二本目 Second form Sanbon me 三本目 Third form Yonhon me 四本目 Fourth form Gohon me 五本目 Fifth form Roppon me 六本目 Sixth form Nanahon me 七本目 Seventh form Hachihon me 八本目 Eighth form Shikake ōji waza are not strictly speaking kata, but pedagogic exercises to learn the basics and handling of the naginata. Commands and thanking Commands order and term used are not mandatory. It depends on your dōjō tradition Some commands that sensei or senpai may give before keiko Seiretsu 整列 Line up! Ki (w)o tsukete 気を付けて Attention! Seiza 正座 Kneel and sit on your heels Take car not to sit before your senpai does 整 arrange 列 line 気 energy を (DO) 付けて fix Mokusō 黙想 A period of meditation, in which breathing is important 黙 stop speaking 想 think, imagine Mokusō yame 黙想止め End of meditation period 止め stop Shōmen ni rei 正面に礼 Bow to the main wall 正 correct, justice 面 head, face に (direction) A short pause may take place before the senpai is to say " 礼 ", to allow everyone to face the shōmen Sensei ni rei 先生に礼 Salutation to teacher When there is more than one sensei, use Senseigata ni rei 先生方に礼 Otagai ni rei お互いに礼 Salutation to fellow practitioners Onegai shimasu お願いします "Good training" More accurate translation would be "(Train us) please" Kiritsu 起立 From seiza, stand 先生 teacher お互い mutual 起 get up 立 stand up 11

12 At the end of practice Men wo tore 面を取れ Take the men off Mokusō 黙想 Mokusō yame 黙想止め Sensei(gata) ni rei 先生 ( 方 ) に礼 Shomen ni rei 正面に礼 Otagai ni rei お互いに礼 Arigatō gozaimashita ありとうございます End of practice thanks 取れ take, remove Tournament and refereeing terms Shiai 試合 Refereed combat Engi kyōgi 演技競技 Technical performance tournament 演技 performance 競技 match, contest ( 演 performance, play 技 skill, ability 競 contest 技 ) Shiai jō 試合場 Combat area 試合 match, bout 場 place Sanbon shōbu 三本勝負 2 points winning match 三 three 本 point 勝 victory 負 defeat (= match) Sanbon ( 三本 ) illustrate the fact that a maximum of 3 points may be awarded (2 for the winner, 1 for the defeated) Senshu 選手 Player Refereeing body Shinpansha 審判者 Referee Shinpaniin 審判委員 is also used Shinpanchō 審判長 Chief Judge Shushin 主審 Main referee (one) Fukushin 副審 Assistant referee (two) Team composition Team of 3 選 select, elect 手 hand 審 cautious consideration 判 decide, judge 者 person 委 committee 員 member 長 chief, leader 主 centre, main 副 second Senpō 先鋒 First player of a team 先 ahead 鋒 sword point Senpō = The first sword point. 鋒 also reads kissaki, and is the ancient writing of 切先 Chūken 中堅 Second player in a team Taishō 大将 Third player (often the more experienced) Team of 5 Senpō 先鋒 中 middle 堅 solid 大 big 将 leader 大将 general (army) 12

13 Jihō 次鋒 Second player in a team of five Chūken 中堅 Fukushō 副将 Fourth player Taishō 大将 Refereeing commands Aka X senshū 赤 X 選手 Call to red player Shiro Y senshū 白 Y 選手 Call to white player Aka X tiimu 赤 X チーム Call to red team (engi) Shiro Y tiimu 白 Y チーム Call to white team Nyūjō 入場 Signal teams to enter the shiaijō (engi) Ippon 一本 Valid strike Men ari 面あり Signalling a valid men Sune ari 脛あり Kote ari 小手あり Dō ari 胴あり Tsuki ari 突きあり Enchō 延長 Extra time Hansoku 反則 Foul play Taijō 退場 Exclusion Wakare 別れ Separation Hikiwake 引き分け Draw Fusenshō 不戦勝 Withdrawal also Fusen-gachi 不戦勝ち 次 next 鋒 point 副将 vice-general 赤 red 白 white tiimu = team 入 entrance 場 place 一 1 本 (numerator) あり it's, there is 延 prolong 長 long 反 anti- 則 rule, law 退 expel 場 location 引き pull 分け draw, tie 不 non- 戦 match 勝 victory 勝ち victory Nihon me 二本目 Shushin command to resume the match after first point awarded 二本 2 目 (numerator) Call for a second point Shōbu 勝負 Shushin command to resume the match after each player scored ippon 勝 victory 負 defeat Call for victory and defeat to be settled Shōbu ari 勝負あり Announcing end of match when a player scored 2 ippon. While calling shōbu ari the shushin indicates the winner with raised flag "Match is done" Ippon gachi shōbu ari 一本勝ち勝負あり Announcing end of match when time is out with only one ippon scored. Shushin indicates the winner with raised flag 一本 1 point 勝ち victory 13

14 Hantei 判定 Victory through referees' decision Shōmen ni rei 正面に礼 Command to the teams to bow to the shōmen Otagai ni rei お互いに礼 Command to the teams to bow to each other 判 judgement 定 decide Simone CHARTON Renshi Chloé Mariko - Baptiste - Hughes 14