Basic Sailing Course Student Syllabus

Transcription

1 24707 Dana Drive, Dana Point, CA Basic Sailing Course Student Syllabus We Can Teach You How to Sail and Keep You Sailing! Mark W. Howe Director of Education Programs Name Class Start Date

2 Part I -Student Syllabus Table of Contents Course Outline 2 Terms and Conditions of Enrollment 3 Page No. Terminology - Parts of a Boat 4-5 Terminology - Sailing 6 Sails and Rigging 7 Rigging and Parts of a Sail 8 Points of Sail 9 Safety Devices and Fire Emergency Procedures 10 Man Overboard Recovery Techniques 11 Important Checklists for Aventura Boat Operation Undocking and Docking Procedures Maneuvering Under Power 17 Rules of the Road 18 Navigation Lights, Fog Signals and Aids to Navigation 19 Marine Systems - Diesel Engines 20 Marine Systems - Alcohol Stove and Marine Head 21 Marine Radio Procedures 22 Stopping a Boat Under Sail 23 Part II - Student Workbook Take-home Quizzes and Worksheets Appendix Harbor Chart 32 Sailing Equipment Operations Checklist 33 (To be used during dockside orientation) Sailing Lab Procedures 34 Take-home Quiz Answers 35 Marine Systems - Diesel Engine Cooling System 36

3 Basic Sailing Course Outline 2 Lectures Labs Please Fill in Your Course Schedule Below Lecture 1 Sailing Terminology Principles of Sail Points of Sail Sailing Maneuvers (Take-home Quiz # 1A&B) Lecture 2 Safety at Sea Aventura Safety Checklists Man Overboard Procedures Emergency Procedures Maneuvering Under Power Docking Basic Knots (Take-home Quiz #2A&B) Lecture 3 Rules of the Road Marine Systems Maintenance and Troubleshooting Engines Inboard, Outboard, Diesel Marine Stoves Marine Heads Marine Radio Procedures (Take-home Quiz #3) Basic Sail 1 Dock Side Boat Orientation Setting and Dousing Sails Engine Operation Basic Knots Reefing Demonstration and Practice Basic Sail 2 Getting Underway Sailing Maneuvers Coming About Gybing Man Overboard Basic Sail 3 Maneuvering Under Power Docking and Undocking Sailing Review Rules of the Road Drills Lecture Dates Labs - On the Water Sail Dates Lecture 4 Rules of the Road Review Heavy Weather Sailing (Survival) Basic Anchoring Final Examination (at your convenience) Basic Sail 4 (Final Exam) Demonstration of Proficiency in all areas Anchoring Demonstration New Members Orientation Aventura Policies & Procedures Charter Certification Requirement New Members Orientation Date:

4 Terms & Conditions of Enrollment 3 Terms and Conditions of Enrollment and Registration Policies Enrollment is for a specifically scheduled class session with meetings agreed upon during application. Refund/ cancellation requests must be received no later than 48 hours prior to the first day of the class or be subject to a 50% penalty charge. Times, dates, and locations are subject to change without notice. Most students are able to learn to operate a vessel during the normal class schedule of four lectures and four lab practice sessions. Students sign up for lab times based on schedule and convenience. If a student is unable to attend the scheduled sessions during a class, make-up labs will be available. If make-up labs are scheduled in advance there will be no charge provided they are made up in the next available class offering or as arranged. There will be no charge for additional lectures or the Lecture/Lab I. For students needing additional labs whether for reasons of failure to show up for a scheduled lab or needing more practice to be able to operate a vessel, extra lab sessions will be available. These refresher/make-up labs will be at a special alumni price per session and are highly recommended. Changes to scheduled labs may be made in person during class or by phone to the Aventura office. Final completion of course requirements may be extended 30 days (or until completion of the following class session) to allow for agreed upon makeup work to be completed. Students failing to successfully complete the course within the 30 day grace period, including a passing score on the written examination, will be dropped. Dropped students will be required to pay the scheduled rate for all subsequent makeup instruction, as will students failing to attend class for reasons of personal convenience or neglect. Members successfully completing all coursework according to the above will receive certification for chartering boats or other recognition appropriate to the course. Members failing to maintain skills by chartering or actively participating in sailing programs within a reasonable length of time may be required to recertify for the safety of their vessel and crew. This will be at least a 9 month period. Nonmembers who successfully complete the course and desire to join the Aventura Sailing Association may do so without payment of the certification fee if they act within 30 days of the completion of their coursework. Otherwise it will be necessary to go through certification as with any new member. Nonmembers failing to complete the course in the time allotted will not receive any certification and will need to re-apply for certification if desired and pay any necessary fees.

5 Terminology - Parts of a Boat 4 Helm & Wheel Rudder Emergency Tiller Emergency Tiller Cockpit Deck Hull Deck and Cockpit Rail (Toe Rail) Scupper (Drain) Lifeline & Stanchion Bow Pulpit and Anchor with Roller Stern Pulpit Keel Full with Lead ballast Keel Full Keel - Shallow Fin Keel - Deep Shoal Draft = (Shallow)

6 Terminology - Parts of a Boat 5 Fender (Rubber bumper) Lazarette (Storage) Block (Pulley) Cabin Cockpit V-berth Anchoring Equipment Ground Tackle Rode: Rope & Chain Scope: Ratio of Rode to Depth

7 Terminology - Sailing 6 Direction True Wind vs. Apparent A boat sails by the apparent wind, not the true wind. Wind Direction 45º Apparent 6 KTS Higher Up Wind Head Up Weather Windward 30º Apparent 14 KTS True 10 KTS 4 KTS Lower Leeward Lee 5 KTS Fall Off Windward Lee Leeward Starboard Bow Abeam Starboard Starboard Quarter Down Wind Dead Ahead Dead Astern Port Bow Abeam Port Port Quarter Other Terms Running Lights Graphic Raise/Douse Sails Luff (verb) Luffing Clinometer 10 pts. 8 pts. Way, Way On (motion thru the water) Weather Helm (turns into the wind) Draft (depth of something) Boat Draft vs Sail Draft Winch Tenderness/Heel maximum Ease, Ease off (scootch) vs. Slack, Release Winches turn clockwise (2 if by hand; 4 if by crank) 12 pts. Point System: 32 points = pts.

8 Sails and Rigging 7 Sails Main & Jib Jib Sail Sizes: % is the distance from the mast forward. Genoa Jib = % Lapper Jib = % Working or Storm Jib = Less than 100% Jib Main Spars Standing Rigging Mast & Boom Chainplate Anchoring Points In Hull Turnbuckles Adjusting Screws Running Rigging Shrouds Upper vs Lower Holds Mast Side to Side, Diagonals (at an angle) Spreaders Cross Trees Stays Forestay or Headstay & Backstay Holds Mast Front To Back Halyards and Halyard Winches Raising & Lowering Sails (Main - Starboard) Sheets and Sheet Winches Letting Sail Out or Pulling it In. Fairlead (Rope Guide) Jib & Main Sheets Roller Furling

9 Rigging and Parts of a Sail 8 Running Rigging Traveler Mainsheet Fairlead Boomvang (Gizmo Flattener) Gooseneck Universal Joint Hinge for Boom Out Haul & Topping Lift (Boom Lift) Holds the Boom Up When the Sail Comes Down Folding the Main Like Making A Bed; Stretch Out Along The Boom. Accordion vs. Burrito Fold. Telltales/AWI Apparent Wind Indicators Gasket Sail Ties For Folding Parts of a Sail Head Leech Luff Battens Stiffening Sticks Grommet - Earing Clew Foot Tack Reef Makes Sail Smaller Reef Knot (Half Bow) Jiffy Reef

10 Points of Sail 9 Points of Sail Port Tack vs. Starboard Tack Upwind Terms Beating Close Hauled Pinching (edge of irons) Downwind Terms Running Running Free Running Before the Wind Wing & Wing/Wing Out Reaching Terms Close Reach Beam Reach Broad Reach Changing Tack / Tacking Come About Preparatory Command Standby to come about or Ready About Command of Execution is given as the jib begins to collapse. Come About or Cut (jib sheets most important) Gybe Preparatory Command Prepare to Gybe Command of Execution is given as the jib begins to collapse. Gybe Ho (main sheet most important) Five Points of Sail 1. Beat/Close Hauled (Pinching edge of irons) 2. Close Reach 3. Beam Reach 4. Broad Reach 5. Run

11 Safety Devices and Fire Emergency Procedures 10 Personal Floatation Device - PFD One per each person on board I II III IV - Ring Buoy IV - Lifesling V - Inflatable Types of PFDs I & II - Will float and turn unconscious person (maybe) (readily accessible) III - Will not save an unconscious person. (readily accessible) IV - Throwable device for man overboard (immediately available) V - Inflatable; legal only if worn. Label will list its performance as Type I, II, or III. Types of Fires O 2 Heat Fire Triangle Fuel A. Wood or Alcohol - Can be put out with water. For alcohol, feel for heat from an invisible flame. B. Oil (or gas) - Must not be fought with water. [unless fine spray or wet blanket] Use extinguisher and/or smother. C. Electrical - Turn off electricity and fight as you would an A or B fire. Procedures for Fire at Sea 1. Alcohol Stove -If fire is small, cover it with your cooking pot. If fire is larger, use fresh water. Avoid using seawater or extinguisher if possible; it ruins the stove. 2. Wood Fires -Douse with water and/or use extinguisher at the base of the flames. 3. Engine Fires -Do not open engine compartment any more than is necessary to discharge extinguisher bottle into engine compartment. Then close hatch immediately to smother fire. 4. Electrical Fires -Turn batteries to OFF immediately, then fight the fire with the appropriate method for whatever is burning. Types of Fire Extinguishers and typical locations 5. If Vessel is On Fire - maneuver carefully so that the burning part of the vessel is downwind. Flames must blow away from the rest of the vessel and persons fighting the fire. CO2 Carbon Dioxide DC Dry Chemical Halon

12 Man Overboard Recovery Techniques 11 Man Overboard Procedures Rescue should take no more than 30sec. 1. Person Observing Man Overboard yells man overboard and points at the person in the water. Continue pointing at the person until the helmsman has come alongside the person. If the person overboard goes out of sight, continue pointing in the direction the person was last seen. 2. Helmsman immediately turns the boat through the wind in a tacking maneuver until the vessel is aimed directly at the person and the jib is backwinded. When sailing downwind, the helmsman may head up to execute a come about releasing the sails. If the vessel is under power, shift to neutral. 3. Any Person throws a Type II PFD toward person in the water and directs him to put it on. This gives him a goal, keeping him fighting for survival as well as getting him into a PFD. Any available person should throw overboard anything that is floatable, including the trash, to be used as markers. 4. Additional Person dons life jacket, secures rope to himself, and stands by to enter the water to assist if necessary (depending on crew and conditions). 5. Rescue Along Leeward Side of the vessel, thereby sheltering the person overboard from the wind and waves. Use the life ring off stern bracket with rope attached to make connection with person. 6. Get a Line to The Person Overboard, preferably with a loop tied with a bowline. Be sure the other end of the line is secured to the boat. Person overboard should get the loop around their chest, under the arms. Assume one boat length for helmsman to register MOB. Otherwise it should be a knee - jerk reaction into the wind. Man overboard maneuvers are designed to get your boat into position and stopped as quickly as possible. Avoid going into irons!! In irons, you may stop quickly, but you will lose control of the boat. See page 23 for additional illustrations. Upwind Back Jib Close Reach/ Close Haul Dashed Line is an enhancement that can be made by a more experienced skipper. Downwind Sails Luffing (Douse Jib?) Heave to Beam Reach Heave to Apparent wind will be close reach to some degree. (Douse Jib?) Broad Reach Run Sailing on a Broad Reach or Run are the most difficult: The longer you wait the harder to get back. Crash gybe may be the fastest if wung out. Note: Down wind it will be necessary to tack to the man regardless of whether or not you choose to Gybe. Approach to a man must be from downwind with sails luffing.

13 Important Checklists for Aventura Boat Operation 12 Engine Starting Checklist 1. Open the engine compartment: a. Inspect for leaks, loose wires, etc. b. Smell for fumes; gasoline, propane natural gas, etc. 2. Test batteries individually with cabin lights or voltmeter under load. Set on All to charge everything. Unplug shorepower for this test. 3. Start engine: [key or button] a. Shift in neutral. b. Glow plug if necessary. c. Crack the throttle about 50% (unless the boat manual says different). 4. Check stern to ensure water is coming out the exhaust pipe. If not, check engine cooling water seacock and shut off engine if solution is not found. (Otherwise you may fry your engine.) 5. Look at the running engine for one minute to be certain all appears normal. Check the gauges on the control panel. Cockpit Ignition Panel General Checklist 1. Review operations section in boat manual completely. 2. Check off inventory list in boat manual, particularly for the following: a. First aid kit in head medicine cabinet above the sink. b. Life jackets - one for each person. c. Emergency equipment (flares, fire extinguisher, etc. Check dates.) d. Emergency Tiller (and how it attaches). 3. Visually check for potential problems such as the following: a. Rigging - standing and running. Look up! Check for twisted or damaged halyards, shrouds, and stays. b. Bilge water level. c. Anchor and rode assembled and ready for emergency use. 4. Fuel level. 5. Check the following for operability: a. Radio -should be kept on channel 16 when under way. b. Bilge pumps. c. Running lights. 6. Electrical Systems Check See Battery Operation Checklist. Engine

14 Important Checklists for Aventura Boat Operation 13 Battery Switch Checklist for Battery Operation Warning: never switch batteries to or thru OFF while the engine is running. 1. Test the condition of each battery separately with the cabin lights. a. If both batteries are OK, switch to BOTH (ALL) to start engine. b. If one is weak, check to see if it is capable of starting engine. Battery #1 Battery #2 c. Run the engine on BOTH to keep both batteries in a charged condition. 2. Check the ampmeter gauge to see if alternator is charging. A healthy but weak battery should show a high charge rate for as much as an hour after engine has started. A weak battery that fails to charge indicates an equipment failure. 3. Generally: switch should be on BOTH when the engine is running (alternator charging all batteries). Use the weaker battery when engine is off. This is called House for powering lights, radio, etc.

15 Important Checklists for Aventura Boat Operation 14 Once you re ready to sail: Kill (The Engine) K I R B B R I K Ignition (Remove Key) Reverse (Lock Prop) Batteries (Use Weakest) At the end of your sail and returning to port: Batteries (On) Reverse (Out of) Ignition (On) Kill (Un-kill - Start!) Checklist for Cruising 1. Man overboard items immediately available for use. 2. Fresh water tanks full. 3. Head operable -holding tank empty. 4. Navigation charts and tools; know how to use them. 5. Weather reports. End of Cruise Checklist 1. Before entering the harbor, at least three miles offshore: a. Pump the bilge. b. Empty the holding tank (or at the pump-out station) 2. Tie up in the slip with NO overhang over dock in bow. 3. Stow sails in their accustomed manner. 4. Clean the interior as you would your home during daily housekeeping. 5. Rinse the exterior with fresh water; scrub with soap as necessary. 6. Re-stow equipment according to boat inventory sheet. 7. Turn off battery, switches off, unless boat manual says otherwise. 8. Make one last check before you leave your boat to be sure of the following: a. No winch handles or other equipment are left out. b. Halyards are secured properly without tangles at the top; to the pulpits; away from the mast c. Lines are neatly coiled, without excessive macrame, and hung off the deck so they don t sit in a puddle.

16 Undocking Procedures 15 Upwind Exits Walk the boat out! Remember: When a boat is under power at low speeds, the bow will tend to blow downwind, and the boat will back to windward in reverse Walk the boat back into the channel and allow the wind to blow the stern down wind. Stop the boat (before you fall into the water) and pull it forward alongside where you are standing. (If the wind is strong, the helms man may assist by idling forward slowly.) When the boat is alongside, push out hard and climb aboard at the shrouds. Meanwhile, the helmsman shifts into forward. (If you do this calmly, no one will fall into the water.) So... If you blow your exit completely, just back out as if that s the way you planned it. Do it slowly and calmly Downwind Exits Put the boat in reverse and power it out. I m in reverse Keep it straight Get on board Fend the bow With a lot of help from the crew, back straight in reverse with minimal throttle until halfway out of the slip. Turn rudder to start the turn and when halfway out of the slip, instruct crew to get aboard and fend the bow! When the bow clears the slip, shift into neutral. Keep rudder turned and wait patiently for boat to finish turning and slow. Note: This is just like backing a car out of a tight parking space. A 45 rudder angle should be as far as the wheel will turn. Never try to guess what is far enough. As boat loses stern way (but before it stops), shift into Forward, turn the Wheel 45 the other way and apply medium Power. F W P!

17 Docking Procedures 16 Docking: Approach at between 1-2 knots to maintain steerage. There will be a significant difference in your shifting and throttle between headwind and tailwind! Approach at between 1-2 knots to maintain steerage. Pivot Point Emergency Stops: When the engine stalls, transmission jams, etc. Approach along the opposite 2/3rds of the channel from your slip and shift into neutral. Begin your turn at least two slips prior to your slip, 3 or 4 slips may be better! Start turning slowly; there s plenty of time for corrections if you start early enough. If you feel you have too much speed, shift into reverse at idle! Steer the mast as the pivot point. When the bow has entered the slip, shift into reverse and increase the throttle as necessary to stop forward way. Steer the mast for the center of the slip Plan A. If you plan ahead, best is two people ready with bow lines in hand at the shrouds. Plan B. Last minute save, somebody (the bigger the better) braced on the dock at the bow. Handy Hints to Keep in Mind Don t let shifting distract you from steering the boat!!! Learn to reach over the top of the wheel, not through the spokes. On windy days, try to bump the weather side of the slip. This allows for leeway. You may need to use more or less power. Step ashore carefully from the shrouds - don t leap from the bow!! In Tense Moments Idle before every shift, even if it s just to neutral. Remember the shift is on the left side. Be sure you are in gear before hitting the throttle. Make your shifts very definite and push the lever all the way to the stop. Don t over rev your engine; use moderate RPM s and wait patiently for the boat to respond. (While you re waiting, be sure you re in gear.) Avoid shifting rapidly between forward and reverse. A half second pause in neutral may save a transmission repair bill.

18 Maneuvering Under Power 17 Three Turning Forces Acting on a Boat 1. Steerageway - Boat must have way for steerage. 2. Propeller Thrust On Rudder - Prop wash directed by the rudder brings prompt and strong steerage response in forward gear. 3. Handedness of The Propeller - The stern may be strongly pulled to one side due to the direction of prop rotation. Pilots call this P-Factor. When you begin backing out of your slip, you have no steerageway, no prop wash on the rudder, your stern automatically pulls to the left (assuming right handed/clockwise screw). Pivot Turn Make the turn the same direction as the Prop Rotation. Modern boats are usually right handed. Use Wheel, Reverse, Power (WRP) Turn the Wheel 45 ; shift into Reverse; apply medium Power. The P-Factor of the prop rotation sucks the back of the boat to the left as you pivot to the right (assuming right handed screw). 1. I m In Reverse 2. Keep It Straight 3. Get on Board 4. Fend the Bow When Boat s Mast is in Center of Aisle: W = Wheel (Turn Wheel Hard Right to Kick Stern to the Left - Leave it There!) R = Reverse (Transmission in Reverse) P = Power (Medium Power to Suck Stern to the Left) F = Forward (Transmission in Forward to avoid backing up.) P = Power (Medium Power to Keep Boat in Motion) ALWAYS IDLE WHEN SHIFTING! F = Forward (Transmission in Forward) W = Wheel (Turn Wheel 45 the Other Way) P = Power (Apply Medium Power)

19 Rules of the Road 18 Under Power Rules Meeting: Both vessels keep right neither vessel stands on. Overtaking: Vessel in front stands on overtaking vessel gives way. Crossing: Vessel to starboard stands on vessel to port gives way Power vs. Sail Sailboats have the right of way over power vessels with the standard exceptions. Sail Rules Primary Rule Starboard Tack Rule (Opposite Tack Rule) Standard Exceptions to All Rules: 1. Overtaking 2. Towing (If unable to maneuver) 3. Fishing 4. Special Operations 5. Larger vessel with limited maneuverability - vessel restricted to a narrow channel. (i.e. shipping lanes.) Secondary Rule Closer Hauled Vessel Rule (Same Tack Rule) Note: In a collision situation between two vessels on the same tack, the closer hauled vessel will be the vessel to leeward!!

20 Navigation Lights, Fog Signals and Aids to Navigation 19 Navigation Lights Shown from Sunset to Sunrise and During Periods of Poor Visibility 32 pt. Anchor/Mast (Head) Light 20 pt. Steaming Light (Bow/Masthead Light) 10 pt. 10 pt. 12 pt. Running Lights Fog Signals to be sounded at least every two minutes. Air Horn Every Aventura Boat Has One! Long Blast = 4-6 Seconds Short Blast = 1 Second Power Vessel - 1 Long Blast Fog Bell At Anchor 5 Seconds Exceptional Vessel (Including Sail) - 1 Long & 2 Short Blasts Towed Vessel - 1 Long & 3 Short Blasts Aids to Navigation The Red Right Returning Rule Green Square Red Triangle Green Can Bouy Green Light Entering Red Nun Bouy (or Spar) Red Light

21 Marine Systems - Diesel Engines 20 Decompression Lever for a Weak Battery Seacock Water Pump Cooling water not coming out exhaust 1. Check the Through-Hull Valve (Seacock). 2. Check the Water Hose for Kelp. 3. Check the Impeller Inside the Seawater Pump. Fuel Bleeder Screw Air in the lines from running out of fuel: Bleed the Lines Oil Dip Stick Fuel Filter Engine Kill Lever Pull Do not turn off the key until engine is stopped.

22 Marine Systems - Alcohol Stove and Marine Head 21 Alcohol Stove Always keep a teakettle of water handy. 1. Pressurize the fuel tank (valve off). 2. Prime the cup (valve on a few seconds to get a few tablespoons). 3. Let it burn for 2 to 3 minutes until hot. (valve off) 4. Light the burner and cook (valve on). Marine Head - Holding tank requires a separate system for pumping overboard. Nothing shall go into the head that hasn t been eaten first. 1. Switch valve to flush and pump a few times to wet the bowl. 2. Use the head and continue pumping until waste disappears, plus at least 10 additional pumps to clear waste from lines. Toilet paper only in small quantities, at a time. 3. Switch valve to dry position and pump to empty bowl and to avoid sinking your boat. 4. Y - valve may be set in either the overboard or holding tank discharge positions when in use, depending on if you are at sea or in port. Use common sense.

23 Marine Radio Procedures 22 VHF-FM Very High Frequency Frequency Modulation Controls On/Off Volume Squelch - Sensitivity High/Low Power Setting - 25 Watt Maximum Channel Selector - Up to 55 Channels Handset: Push-to-Talk Button Coast Guard Official Emergency Channels 16 Distress and Calling 6 Backup Emergency Channel 22 Coast Guard Working Channel Ship to Ship Channels Intership Communications Channels Weather (WX) Channels 1 & 2 Los Angeles and San Diego 3-6 Computer voice recording changes several times/day Priority Calls (Broadcast to all stations) #1 Distress Mayday - Life and/or property in immediate danger. #2 Urgent Pan Pan - Same but not immediate. #3 Safety to Navigation - Securite Information regarding dangers to safe navigation Distress Message 1. Position 2. Problem 3. Assistance Required (if appropriate) 4. Descriptive Information - Type and color of vessel, persons on board, signaling devices to be used. Standard FCC Rules 1. No profanity 2. Yield to any priority call minute limit per call minute intermission between conversations minute wait between unanswered calls to a maximum of 3 tries, then wait 15 minutes before trying again. 6. Important: Conversations are prohibited on Channel 16. Switching to a talking channel is not a conversation.

24 Stopping a Boat Under Sail 23 By Going Into Irons Heave to By Backwinding By Luffing Approaching a mooring by luffing has the advantage that you can maneuver the boat by sheeting in if needed. The above techniques may be used any time you want to stop your boat. Also for dropping a single anchor. (See page 11 for Man Overboard)

25 Basic Sailing Course Quizzes 24 This workbook is designed to help you learn and to point out areas where you need more study. Your score on each quiz is not as important as your opportunity to find out the correct answers to the questions you missed!! While the terminology in the first quizzes is important for you to understand, there will be few terminology questions on the final exam. You will need to understand the terms if used in a sentence on the boat.

26 Diagram for Sailing Quiz No. 1A 25 This diagram has some problems but give it a try, then check the answers. You can use it to quiz yourself on the various parts of the boat before coming to Labs.

27 Quiz Lab Terminology 26

28 Basic Sailing Quiz No. 2A 27 For each situation: Write in as many letters from each column as are appropriate. > > > > > > > > Points of Sail Wind Direction Tacks A. Beat H. Dead Ahead O. No Tack B. Run I. Dead Astern P. Port C. Beam Reach J. Abeam S. Starboard D. Close Reach K. Off the Bow E. Broad Reach L. Off the Quarter F. In Irons G. Close Hauled

29 Basic Sailing Quiz No. 2B On which point of sail do we not receive aerodynamic lift? 2. Which knot makes a loop which does not slip? 3. The boat is pointed in which direction when we raise the Mainsail? Jib? 4. What three things must be released before we attempt to raise the mainsail? What is the first item we look for when we charter an Aventura vessel? 6. How do we tie halyards when finished with a boat having halyards outside the mast? 7. The point of sail in the opposite direction from a beat is: 8. When a boat s sails are in tight, the point-of-sail is: 9. When sailing close hauled and the sails luff, you should: 10. If you are on course, reaching, and the sails luff, you should: 11. When the outside (leeward) telltale on the luff of the jib begins to flap, the sails are trimmed: 12. What is the boat s tack if the mainsail is on the left side of the boat? 13. What are three ways to stop a boat under sail? What is the difference between a gybe and coming about?

30 Basic Sailing Quiz No Rules Of The Road / Aids To Navigation 1. Which of the following definitions are correct? a. Power vessel - Any vessel propelled by machinery including sailing vessel under sail and power. b. Danger Zone - Area from dead ahead to two points abaft the starboard beam of a vessel under power. c. Underway - Not at anchor, aground, nor made fast to the shore. d. All of the above. 2. A stand on vessel (privileged vessel) a. Can run at night without worrying about other boats. b. Must maintain course and speed. c. Must give two prolonged blasts to warn other vessels away. d. Must keep clear of burdened vessels. 3. What are the duties of a give way (burdened) vessel? a. Increase speed and cross well ahead of the other vessel. b. Take action to keep out of the way, usually by passing astern of the stand on vessel. c. Use the general prudential rule so that neither vessel has the right of way. d. All of the above.. 4. Auxiliaries, when driven by motor or sail, shall display lights of a sailboat only. (T or F ) 5. Running lights must be shown from 6am to sunset. (T or F ) 6. The closer hauled vessel will always be to leeward if the relative bearing is unchanging. ( T or F ) 7. You are inside the harbor, sailing downwind on a starboard tack, and are in danger of colliding with another vessel sailing upwind on a port tack. Which of the following is true? a. You maintain course and speed so he can avoid you. b. You should give two blasts on your horn and keep to the right. c. You should take action to keep clear of other vessels. d. You give one blast on your horn and wait for his answer. 8. In restricted waters, a smaller vessel gives way to a larger vessel when the larger vessel has limited maneuverability. (T or F ). 9. When the wind is on the same side for two sailboats, the closer hauled vessel has the right of way. The Give Way (burdened) vessel is: a. the vessel to windward b. the vessel to leeward c. the higher pointing vessel to the wind d. both a and c

31 Rules Of The Road / Aids To Navigation (Cont d) Basic Sailing Quiz No.3 (Cont d) A stand on vessel may give way to a give way vessel if he wishes. (T or F ) 11. A stand on vessel must take action to avoid a collision when action by the give way vessel cannot avoid collision. (T or F ) 12. A 32 point light is visible all around the horizon or 360. (T or F ) 13. Red and green side lights shall show: 14. You are on a collision course with another vessel and will have right of way: a. The rules will force you to stand on if you get close enough together. b. The rules don t go into effect until there is danger of collision. c. You may change course early before there is danger d. All of the above. 15. Under the International Rules, which is correct? a. Sailing vessels do not indicate their course or intended action in passing by whistle signals. b. Sailing vessels under sail and power are considered power vessels. c. Sailing vessels under sail alone do not have the right of way when: I. overtaking a power vessel. II. in a narrow channel where the other vessel can only navigate safely within that channel. III. when another vessel is engaged in fishing with nets, lines, or trawls. d. All of the above 16. What would be recognized as a danger signal in all areas? a. Three distinct blasts. b. Five or more short blasts. c. Four short blasts. d. Two long, followed by two short blasts.

32 Basic Sailing Quiz No.3 (Cont d) 31 For each of the following sailing situations, assume the wind is from the top of the page, you are on the course indicated under sail alone, and you see the light indicated on a relative bearing from you that does not change. (Hint: draw in the other vessel or make yourself a model boat.) You are the boat shown; He is the light shown; the Line is the bearing from you to him. Who has the Right of Way? a. He does b. You do Why? c. You are on starboard tack d. He is on starboard tack e. You are closer hauled (leeward) f. He is closer hauled (leeward) g. It is an overtaking situation Relative Bearing Write the letters from each column that answer each of the following situations

33 Dana Point Harbor Chart 32

34 Sailing Equipment - Operations Checklist 33 It is extremely important that you personally and individually perform each of the operations listed below. You cannot properly learn how to operate the various pieces of equipment on a boat by watching someone else. If you feel hesitant about any function do it until you no longer feel hesitant. Figure 8 Knot Half Bow Knot Tautline Hitch Cleat Hitch Bowline Sails and Rigging Main Halyard Raise and lower the main, Starboard. Jib Roller Furling Practice Main & Jib Sheets let it out until it luffs and then pull it in until it just barely stops luffing. When in doubt let it out if it s luffing you re loafing, get to work Reef Main Tack first, then clew. Shortens sail for stronger winds. Boomvang - Release for setting sail, leave it loose. Downhaul - Release anything that holds or pulls the boom or sail down. Topping Lift - Make sure it s loose after sail is up. Furling Main - Properly accordion fold (flake) and secure with gaskets. Secure Sails Prevents noisy halyards and keeps sails from filling themselves. Main - Clip shackle away from the mast. Jib - Secure Roller Furling. Knots Reef Knot - For gaskets with a quick release/half bow. Cleat Hitch - Make a bridge over the railroad tracks Figure 8 Knot Stopper knot for the end of sheets (or any rope) Tautline Hitch Slipknot for tying fenders; also used to tie halyards away from mast. Bowline Loop in a line that does not slip, for jib sheets or rescue loop. Engine and systems Find the boat manual. Start engine using checklist on page 12. Bilge and Bilge Pump - Find the handle and pump it. Engine Controls - Practice shifting; get a feel for the controls with engine running.

35 Sailing Lab Procedures 34 At the beginning of each sailing lab, you will be allowed about 20 minutes on board your vessel to accomplish a number of things. It is important that you spend this time productively because as soon as the undocking procedures begin, you will need to be familiar with the boat s controls and equipment. 1. Boat Manual Find the boat manual and turn to the page labeled Boat Manual. 2. Engine Starting Procedures The first thing to do always when checking out a boat is to start the engine to make sure it works. If the electrical system/engine fails to work, you will need to change boats. Engine starting requires two checklists. The five Engine Starting steps, which you are memorizing, is your primary guide (in the manual and on page 12 in your syllabus). Use this together with the engine operations section of the boat manual. One person should read this aloud to the group while the group is following the procedures!! 3. Discrepancy Report Form Begin filling out your Discrepancy Report Form with the engine hour meter reading as noted in the manual. Report any discrepancies found in the space provided on the front and back. 4. Sails And Rigging Check out how the sails and rigging are operated. Each boat is different and it may help you to actually raise and douse the sails while in the slip. Sails must be down and secured before boat leaves the slip. 5. Engine Controls While the engine is running, each person should practice using the engine controls. Always idle when shifting!! Put the shifter in forward and reverse and experiment with the throttle. Remember, the next time you do this may be for real and you want to have the feel for it. (The boat should be securely tied in the slip for this practice. If it moves around, tighten the dock lines and secure with a proper cleat hitch.) Review the Operations Checklist in Your Syllabus If there is anything you ve missed, take this opportunity to do it. Also review the knots listed on that sheet. Other Checklists Time permitting, go over the other checklists in your Syllabus, becoming familiar with the location of equipment and particularly emergency items. Again, this is most efficiently done if one person reads the manual aloud and the rest of the crew scrambles around the boat. Note any discrepancies on the Discrepancy Report Form. Extra Time If you feel you need extra time to explore and experiment with the equipment on the boats (just about everyone can benefit from use of such extra time), you may check out a key from the Aventura office during business hours and take time to practice on boats which may be sitting at the dock.

36 Basic Exam Answers 35 Basic Exam #1A 3 Backstay 12 Leech 16 Ballast 5 Lower Shroud 43 Batten 23 Luff 17 Boom 46 Main Halyard 4 Boomvang 1 Main Mast 25 Bow 28 Mainsail 7 Cabin 27 Mainsheet 26 Chainplate 47 Outhaul 35 Clew 24 Port Side 31 Cockpit 45 Port Beam 8 Companionway Hatch 29 Rail 22 Dead Astern 49 Reef Clew 40 Deck 30 Reef Tack 14 Downhaul 11 Rudder 41 Foot 15 Spreader 21 Foredeck Hatch 20 Starboard Side 13 Forestay/Headstay 34 Starboard Bow 6 Head of Sail 32 Starboard Quarter 37 Hull 44 Stern 50 Jib Halyard 42 Tack 33 Jibsail 9 Tiller 10 Jibsheet 39 Topping Lift 48 Jibsheet Fairlead (Jiblead) 36 Turnbuckle 38 Jibsheet Winch 18 Upper Shroud 2 Keel 19 Water Line Basic Exam #1B i k b l d f r a p g n h c j e m o q Basic Exam #3 1 D 2 B 3 B 4 F 5 F 6 T 7 A 8 T 9 A 10 F 11 T 12 T 13 C 14 D 15 D 16 B 17 AF 18 AF 19 BE 20 BC or AF 21 AD or BE 22 BC 23 BE or AD 24 AG Basic Exam #2A 1 DKS 2 AGKS 3 AGKP 4 DKP 5 FHO 6 CJS 7 ELS 8 BIP 9 ELP 10 CJP 11 BIS Basic Exam #2B 1 Run 2 Bowline 3 a. Into the Wind b Off the Wind 4 a. Main Sheet b. Boomvang c. Downhaul 5 Boat Manual 6 a. Away from the mast b. Main Starboard/Jib Port 7. Broad Reach 8 Beat/Close Hauled 9 Fall Off 10 Sheet in until sail just fills. 11 Too tight (close) 12 Starboard 13 a. Go into irons b. Luff the sails c. Backwind 14 Come about tacks into the wind Gybe tacks away from the wind or Come about - bow points through the eye of the wind Gybe - stern points through the eye of the wind.

37 Marine Systems - Diesel Engine Cooling System 36 Deck Level Anti-Siphon Valve Normal Water Level Sea Water Pump Heat Exchanger Exhaust Hose Exhaust Outlet Exhaust Outlet Spillover Raw Water Intake Sea Strainer Water Lift Muffler Raw Water Intake Sea Water Pump Seacock To Raw Water Pump Sea Strainer Raw Water Intake Raw Water Through-Hull Fitting Sea Strainer Raw Water Through-Hull Fitting Under Water