Wildlife, Fisheries, and Ecology Management

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Esmond Hoover
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1 Wildlife, Fisheries, and Ecology Management Unit: Preparation and Survival TEKS: c. 1D & 4E Instructor: Ms. R Objectives: After completion of this unit of instruction, students will: A. Identify common causes of accidents; B. Describe the proper way to transport firearms; C. Demonstrate safe methods to carrying firearms; and D. Discuss safety in elevated stands.

2 Interest Approach: Hunting Safety 10 Commandments. Complete worksheet. On back choose the commandment you believe is most important and write at least 5 sentences telling me why. Curriculum Note: Anything underlined is the beginning of a new slide. Anything highlighted is not included on the slide but additional information for you to say to the students. Instruction Powerpoint presentation Preparation and Survival Skills Careful preparation and the development of survival skills will allow you to endure most situations. Remember to plan your hunt, then hunt your plan! Remind students of the hunting plan they were given in an earlier lesson. Clothing Bring extra clothing Pack rain gear Layer if it is cold Bottom layer: Wicks away moisture Next layer: Thicker and insulating Outer layer: Barrier from wind and water It is important to layer, especially if you will be sitting still for long periods and therefore not generating much body heat. As the day warms up or when you start moving, you can shed layers as the situation dictates. Hunter Orange Easily seen in nature This color is not found anywhere in nature and therefore makes you stand out from the surroundings. Signals to other hunters CU: Why would you want other hunters to see you? Required in some states Although it is not required in Texas, it is highly recommended. You can see the difference in wearing orange and not wearing orange when you compare the pictures of the hunters above. Maps Topographical maps can be helpful Contour lines reveal changes in elevation Lines that are close together indicate steep inclines Reveal direction of true north This will help you set your compass and keep you in the correct path. GPS Global Positioning System

3 Receives info from satellites to calculate position Have any of you been geocaching? Later on in this lesson we will learn about geocaching and the use of GPS systems. When you are lost: How you react will determine the outcome If you react properly it will be a brief annoyance. If you act improperly, it could lead to a full rescue situation. An overcast day with no constant wind makes it much easier to get lost. Overcast days with no constant wind are the worst Also various factors, such as a rapid change in the weather or darkness can make the event more challenging. Remember to S.T.O.P. S.T.O.P. Stop Admit that you are lost Think Stay calm & think clearly Observe area & conditions around you. Look for shelter, fuel, water, & food. Observations made before becoming lost will help you determine land marks. Plan Take inventory of supplies. Determine how you will use them best. Check your survival kit. You should have prepared this before you left home in case of emergencies. We will discuss what to carry in a survival kit later on. Rule of 3: The rule of 3 is another important thing to remember when it comes to survival in the wilderness. You can live: 3 minutes without air 3 hours without warmth 3 days without water 3 weeks without food Stay Put! Often the best choice! Moving wastes energy and makes you harder to find! Don t cross fences. Following a fence may lead you to a gate or road. You should only move if you can find a fence or if you are in danger. Signaling for Help Once again here, 3 is a great number to remember. International emergency signal for distress: 3 evenly spaced shot from a firearm. You can also you a whistle or horn. Or build 3 campfires evenly spaced. Using something reflective to catch the sun

4 This indicates your position to others Carry a Personal Locator Beacon This will transmit a distress signal along with your GPS location Emergency Shelter If you find yourself stuck out in inclement weather or the night is falling you may need to find emergency shelter. Cave or Rock Overhang A natural shelter such as a rock overhand or cave is the best shelter to find since it takes little or no effort to make it habitable. Woodpiles or Brush The next best shelter is one that is easily enlarges, such as deadfalls, woodpiles, brush or debri piles. You must be careful with this shelter though as snakes and other unfriendly wildlife often live here. Made from Scratch The least best shelter is one that you make from scratch. Shelter building takes time and energy, and should never be undertaken in extreme heat or cold unless absolutely necessary. Floods We all know in Texas, bad weather can pop up at anytime. Flash floods are especially common in central and west texas. Be aware of changes in weather Seek higher ground early Never camp on low ground Especially next to waterways. Flooded Waterways When a waterway is beyond its normal banks: Find the best place to cross Look for an area of the bank with a gradual slope, rather than a drop from the bank to the waterway Do not cross if it looks dangerous Look for wide, shallow areas These are generally the safest. Avoid the main current Watch for floating debris Crossing on a log or rocks can be dangerous! The logs are usually rotten and if you fall from them you can be injured. Rocks can be slippery or loose. If you fall or get swept away: Float on your back with feet in front of you Don t try to stand in fast water Use your hands to maneuver Use your feet to push off objects

5 First Aid Knowing the basics of First Aid and CPR will help you deal with emergencies Hypothermia The body loses heat faster than it can be produced ore retained. The core temperature can fall to a point the person will die. Caused by: Rain or snow Immersion in water Temperatures under 50 degrees Usually people believe that it has to be freezing temperatures before you can get hypothermia. If the person is soaked and it is windy, hypothermia can occur around 50 degrees. Hypothermia Symptoms Early: Shivering Clumsiness Slurred Speech Stiff Fingers Strange Behavior Late: Mental deterioration Unconciousness Hypothermia Treatment Call While waiting: Put victim in dry clothing or insulation Apply heat I put stars next to this because it is very important that this is done with caution. You may use hot water bottles or your own body heat. Do not burn skin with hot water. And do not warm the person too quickly, for example by immersing in warm water. This can cause the body to go into shock. Give warm liquids if conscious Never give them any caffeine or alcohol. If breathing stops give them CPR if you are certified. Frostbite Freezing of a body part Usually the nose, ears, cheeks, fingers, or toes. Symptoms: Lack of feeling in body part Swelling Discolored skin Flushed, waxy, white, yellow, or blue Blisters

6 Frostbite Treatment Remove victim from cold Remove clothing from body part Do NOT rub affected area Place part in warm water (less than 105 degrees) Wrap in dry, sterile dressing If toes or fingers are frostbitten, place gauze between them. NEVER warm a frostbitten area, if it might refreeze! Additionally never give the person ibuprofen!!! Heat Related Emergencies Heat Cramps Heat Exhaustion Heat Stroke Generally you are more likely to face these emergencies than those related to cold weather. Heat Cramps Least serious Causes cramps in muscles Usually in legs Due to loss of fluids & electrolytes Treatment: Move to a cool area Drink cool liquids such as Gatorade Heat Exhaustion Serious Indicated by cold, clammy skin and elevated temperature Loss of consciousness Can sometimes occur Treatment: Move to cool area Elevate head Drink cool liquids like Gatorade in small amounts Only give this if the person is conscious. Give in small amounts around 4 ounces every 15 minutes. Seek medical attention ASAP Heat Stroke Most serious Symptoms: Temperature of 105 or higher Vomiting Hot, dry skin Confusion Loss of consciousness

7 Treatment: Call Immerse in cold water or ice soaked towels Heat stroke is life-threatening! If you discover an injured person: Check area for danger If unconscious & face down: roll face-up supporting head, neck, & back This will prevent further injury Check respiration If you need to you will then perform CPR if certified Check vital signs These include checking the pupils, pulse, skin color, and body temperature Check level of consciousness Also check their response to stimulus. Talk to them. If they are responsive ask them what happened. Initiate a head to toe examination Look for injuries on the head, neck, shoulders, chest, arms, abdomen, back, pelvis, legs & feet. External Bleeding Place sterile gauze or clean cloth over it Apply direct pressure Direct pressure will stop most bleeding. If bleeding doesn t stop continue to apply more gauze pads If limb: elevate above the heart Use a tourniquet as last resort and never apply below elbow or knee. CU: Does anyone know what a tourniquet is? This can cause further damage to nerves and vessels that lie near the surface of the skin Do NOT: Use direct pressure on eye, embedded objects, or open fractures This can cause further damage to the area. If there is eye injury, make sure to immobilize the non damaged eye. Rinse wound with full strength medicines Close wounds with tape Breathe or blow on wound This can lead to infection. Animal Bite: Very rare Usually an animal will not attack unless it is provoked Wash wound with soap and water Apply pressure if bleeding If animal was not provoked, consider rabies If you believe the animal has rabies, notify authorities and seek medical attention immediately.

8 Bee/Wasp Sting: Remove stinger Wash with soap and water Apply a cold pack for minutes Relieve pain with aspirin Apply cortisone cream Be aware of possible allergies If allergic seek medical attention immediately. Are any of you in here allergic to bees or wasps? Spider Bite There are only two spiders in texas classified as venomous. Other spiders may bite you, and be painful, but will not cause sickness or death. Two venomous Texas spiders: Brown Recluse has a design of a violin on its back Black Widow shiny black spider with a red hourglass on the underside of the abdomen. Only the female is dangerous to humans. Seek medical attention if bitten by one of these Snake Bite Keep Victim Calm Keep bitten arm/leg below heart level This slows down the spread of the venom through the body Clean bite with soap and water Keep from walking If possible, although it is important to relocate victim to a medical center if near Remove tight fitting clothes or jewelery Venom will cause the area to swell so remove rings or watches Call Anti-venom will be given This is most effective within the first four hours and will not be effective after This makes it vital to get the victim medical care ASAP. Guided Practice 1: *Pass out survival/first aid checklist. Discuss the items listed, show the students examples of each one. *Pack and Compass lesson. (See attached Pace and Compass lesson) Students will determine their paces using the Find you Pace worksheet. I will have three areas marked at 100 feet each so students can mark their paces. Once everyone has determined their paces we will begin to track waypoints: The starting point will be the stake placed in front of the ag building. Using the coordinates given, students will locate four additional waypoints.

9 Guided Practice 2: We will create survival bracelets with paracord. Explain the importance and how this gives you cord to use in case you are ever lost. Guided Practice 3: Station Day Station 1: A. Unpack Survival Kit full of supplies. B. With provided cards, Spread out and label each supply. (Cards attached to plan) C. Use checklist to determine what supplies you are missing Station 2: A. Repeat the same process with first aid. ( Cards attached to plan) Station 3: Make a fire with the striker. (You can buy a striker from Army Navy Surplus or academy.) Demonstrate this before beginning station rotation. Station 4: Quiz. Have students take the attached quiz. Station 5: Compass and pacing exercise. Guided Practice 4: Geocaching for treasure! Take students to the closest state park to search for Geocaches. Bring GPS or call to ask the park if they have any they can be borrowed. This will teach students how to use a GPS and find coordinates. Remind them of cache in, trash out. Pick up any trash you see at the cache location. *If you don t know what geocaching is, check out

FIRST AID. Study Topics. At a minimum, the following topics are to be studied for the first aid exam.

FIRST AID. Study Topics. At a minimum, the following topics are to be studied for the first aid exam. FIRST AID Study Topics At a minimum, the following topics are to be studied for the first aid exam. TOPIC Avoid getting air in stomach during rescue breathing Burns Kinds of Burns & Care Calling for Help