I m not just a Big Drum

Transcription

1 I m not just a Big Drum The care and feeding of Intermediate Bulk Containers under the HMR DGAC Annual Forum November 5, 2014 Identify Is this material hazardous for transportation? Classify Determination of Hazard Class and Packing Group Describe Determination of Basic Description Package Selection, filling and closing Communicate Marking, labeling, placarding, documentation Loading Loading, blocking and bracing Process Questions What needs to be done? What functions are prescribed? Are we doing this? Do we have the information needed to perform the functions? Who is doing it? Are they trained in the specific function? Have we documented what we do (have done)? 1

2 Packaging Hazardous Materials in IBC Selection (a)(2), (c), (e) and (g)(5), (HMT), , b(e), , , (l)(2)(ix), , Filling and Closing (h), , , (a)(4) Marking and Labeling , , (e)(6), Loading for shipment (b)(e), Selection Attributes of Packagings and Materials Hazardous Materials Packing Group Physical Characteristics of HM Density (Specific Gravity) Vapor Pressure (liquids) Coefficient of Expansion Chemical composition Packaging Packing Group Test Rating Physical Characteristics of TM Maximum weight (net and gross) Hydrostatic test rating Volumetric Capacity Materials of construction 2

3 Authorization Packaging (173.***) Class/ Label Special provisions PSN Division UN ID # PG Codes ( ) Excep- Non Bulk tions Bulk (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8A) (8B) (8C) 3 UN1230 II 6.1 TP Methanol 3, IB2, T7, 242 Diallyether 3 UN2360 II 3,6.1 IB2, N12, T7, TP1, TP Hydrogen peroxide, aqueous solutions with not less than 20 percent but not more than 40 percent hydrogen peroxide (stabilized as necessary) Ammonia solutions, relative density between and at 15 degrees C in water, with more than 10 percent but not more than 35 percent ammonia 5.1 UN2014 II 5.1, 8 A2, A3, A6, B53, IB2, IP5, T7, TP2, TP6, TP24, TP37 8 UN2672 III 8 336, IB3, IP8, T7, TP1 None Type by gravity For solids, discharged Under pressure of more than 10 kpa (1.45 psig) IBC Construction Codes For liquids Rigid Flexible 13 Materials of Construction A means steel (all types and surface treatments). G means fiberboard B means aluminum. C means natural wood. D means plywood. H means plastic. L means textile. M means paper, multiwall. F means reconstituted wood N means metal (other than steel or aluminum). Examples 11G: Fiberboard intended for gravity discharged 31A: Steel, intended for liquids solids 13H3: Flexible, woven plastic, with liner, for 31HA1: Composite, rigid plastic receptacle, steel gravity discharged solids outer body, intended for liquids Special Provisions (4) IB Codes and IP Codes. These provisions apply only to transportation in IBCs and Large Packagings. Table 1 authorizes IBCs for specific proper shipping names through the use of IB Codes assigned in the table of this subchapter. Table 2 defines IP Codes on the use of IBCs that are assigned to specific commodities in the Table of this subchapter...when no IB code is assigned in the Table for a specific proper shipping name, or in (e) Organic Peroxide Table for Type F organic peroxides, use of an IBC or Large Packaging for the material may be authorized when approved by the Associate Administrator. The letter Z shown in the marking code for composite IBCs must be replaced with a capital code letter designation found in (a)(2) of this subchapter to specify the material used for the other packaging.. The letter Z shown in the marking code for composite IBCs must be replaced with a capital code letter designation found in. (a)( ) of this subchapter to specify the material used for the other packaging.. 3

4 IBC code Authorized IBCs IB1 Authorized IBCs: Metal (31A, 31B and 31N). Additional Requirement: Only liquids with a vapor pressure less than or equal to 110 kpa at 50 C (1.1 bar at 122 F), or 130 kpa at 55 C (1.3 bar at 131 F) are authorized. IB2 Authorized IBCs: Metal (31A, 31B and 31N); Rigid plastics (31H1 and 31H2); Composite (31HZ1). IB3 IB4 IB5 IB6 IB7 IB8 IB9 Additional Requirement: Only liquids with a vapor pressure less than or equal to 110 kpa at 50 C (1.1 bar at 122 F), or 130 kpa at 55 C (1.3 bar at 131 F) are authorized. Authorized IBCs: Metal (31A, 31B and 31N); Rigid plastics (31H1 and 31H2); Composite (31HZ1 and 31HA2, 31HB2, 31HN2, 31HD2 and 31HH2). Additional Requirement: Only liquids with a vapor pressure less than or equal to 110 kpa at 50 C (1.1 bar at 122 F), or 130 kpa at 55 C (1.3 bar at 131 F) are authorized, except for UN2672 (also see Special provision IP8 in Table 2 for UN2672). Authorized IBCs: Metal (11A, 11B, 11N, 21A, 21B and 21N). Authorized IBCs: Metal (11A, 11B, 11N, 21A, 21B and 21N); Rigid plastics (11H1, 11H2, 21H1, and 21H2); Composite (11HZ1and 21HZ1). Authorized IBCs: Metal (11A, 11B, 11N, 21A, 21B and 21N); Rigid plastics (11H1, 11H2, 21H1, and 21H2); Composite (11HZ1, 11HZ2, 21HZ1, and 21HZ2). Additional Requirement: Composite IBCs 11HZ2 and 21HZ2 may not be used when the hazardous materials being transported may become liquid during transport. Authorized IBCs: Metal (11A, 11B, 11N, 21A, 21B and 21N); Rigid plastics (11H1, 11H2, 21H1, and 21H2); Composite (11HZ1, 11HZ2, 21HZ1, and 21HZ2); Wooden (11C, 11D and 11F). Additional Requirement: Liners of wooden IBCs must be sift-proof. Authorized IBCs: Metal (11A, 11B, 11N, 21A, 21B and 21N); Rigid plastics (11H1, 11H2, 21H1, and 21H2); Composite (11HZ1, 11HZ2, 21HZ1, and 21HZ2); Fiberboard (11G); Wooden (11C, 11D and 11F); Flexible (13H1, 13H2, 13H3, 13H4, 13H5, 13L1, 13L2, 13L3, 13L4, 13M1 or 13M2). IBCs are only authorized if approved by the Associate Administrator. IP Code IP1 must be packed in closed freight containers or a closed transport vehicle. IP5 IBCs must have a device to allow venting. The inlet to the venting IP2 When IBCs other than metal or rigid plastics IBCs are used, they must be offered for transportation in a closed freight container or a closed transport vehicle. IP3 IP4 IP5 IP6 IP7 IP13 IP14 IP15 IP20 device must be located in the vapor space of the IBC under Flexible IBCs must be sift-proof and water-resistant or must be fitted with a sift-proof and water-resistant liner. maximum filling conditions. Flexible, fiberboard or wooden IBCs must be sift-proof and water-resistant or be fitted with a sift-proof and water-resistant liner. IBCs must have a device to allow venting. The inlet to the venting device must be located in the vapor space of the IBC under maximum filling conditions. Non-specification bulk bins are authorized. For UN identification numbers 1327, 1363, 1364, 1365, 1386, 1841, 2211, 2217, 2793 and 3314, IBCs are not required to meet the IBC performance tests specified in part 178, subpart N of this subchapter. IP8 Ammonia solutions may be transported in rigid or composite plastic IP8 Ammonia solutions may be transported in rigid or composite plastic IBCs (31H1, 31H2 and 31HZ1) that have successfully passed, without IBCs leakage or (31H1, permanent deformation, 31H2 the and hydrostatic 31HZ1) test specified that in have of this successfully subchapter at a test pressure passed, that is not less without than 1.5 times the vapor pressure of the contents at 55 C (131 F). leakage or permanent deformation, the hydrostatic test specified in Transportation by vessel in IBCs is prohibited Air must be eliminated of from this the vapor subchapter space by nitrogen at or other a test means. pressure that is not less than 1.5 times the vapor pressure of the contents at 55 C (131 F). For UN2031 with more than 55% nitric acid, rigid plastic IBCs and composite IBCs with a rigid plastic inner receptacle are authorized for two years from the date of IBC manufacture. Dry sodium cyanide or potassium cyanide is also permitted in siftproof, water-resistant, fiberboard IBCs when transported in closed freight containers or transport vehicles (g) Venting (5) Intermediate bulk packagings (IBCs) may be vented when required to reduce internal pressure that may develop by the evolution of gas subject to the requirements of paragraphs (g)(1) through (g)(3) of this section. The IBC must be of a type that has successfully passed (with the vent in place) the applicable design qualification tests with no release of hazardous material. 4

5 Marking of IBCs. 11G/X/10 14/USA/MXXXX/1800/925 Tare mass: 32 kg 31H1/Y/10 14/USA/+ZZ1234/4518/2106/ 1041 liters/100kpa/tare Mass: 131.8kg Last leakproofness test: M/Y (by whom) Last inspection: M/Y (by whom) Steel IBC Certification Plate Sample 5

6 Applicability and definitions. (a) Remanufactured IBCs are metal, rigid plastic or composite IBCs produced as a UN type from a non-un type, or are converted from one UN design type to another UN design type. Remanufactured IBCs are subject to the same requirements of this subchapter that apply to new IBCs of the same type (also see (c)(1) of this subchapter for design type definition). 6

7 Applicability and definitions. (b) Repaired IBCs are metal, rigid plastic or composite IBCs that, as a result of impact or for any other cause (such as corrosion, embrittlement or other evidence of reduced strength as compared to the design type), are restored so as to conform to the design type and to be able to withstand the design type tests. For the purposes of this subchapter, the replacement of the rigid inner receptacle of a composite IBC with one from the original manufacturer is considered a repair. Routine maintenance of IBCs (see definition in paragraph (c) of this section) is not considered repair. The bodies of rigid plastic IBCs and the inner receptacles of composite IBCs are not repairable Applicability and definitions. (c) Routine maintenance of IBCs is the routine performance on: (1) Metal, rigid plastic or composite IBCs of operations such as: (i) Cleaning; (ii) Removal and reinstallation or replacement of body closures (including associated gaskets), or of service equipment conforming to the original manufacturer's specifications provided that the leaktightness of the IBC is verified; or Physical Characteristics (HM and TM) (d) Drop Test (2) Drop tests are to be performed with the solid or liquid to be transported or with a non-hazardous material having essentially the same physical characteristics. (3) The specific gravity and viscosity of a substituted non-hazardous material used in the drop test for liquids must be similar to the hazardous material intended for transportation. Water also may be used for the liquid drop test under the following conditions: 7

8 Density (Specific Gravity)/Rated Weight (l) IBC filling limits. (1) Except as provided in this section, an IBC may not be filled with a hazardous material in excess of the maximum gross mass marked on that container. (2) An IBC which is tested and marked for Packing Group II liquid materials may be filled with a Packing Group III liquid material to a gross mass not exceeding 1.5 times the maximum gross mass marked on that container, if all the performance criteria can still be met at the higher gross mass. Variations in both properties and density (l) IBC filling limits. (3) An IBC which is tested and marked for liquid hazardous materials may be filled with a solid hazardous material to a gross mass not exceeding the maximum gross mass marked on that container. In addition, an IBC intended for the transport of liquids which is tested and marked for Packing Group II liquid materials may be filled with a Packing Group III solid hazardous material to a gross mass not exceeding the marked maximum gross mass multiplied by 1.5 if all the performance criteria can still be met at the higher gross mass. Additional variations on the theme (l) IBC filling limits. (4) An IBC which is tested and marked for Packing Group I solid materials may be filled with a Packing Group II solid material to a gross mass not exceeding the maximum gross mass marked on that container, multiplied by 1.5, if all the performance criteria can be met at the higher gross mass; or a Packing Group III solid material to a gross mass not exceeding the maximum gross mass marked on the IBC, multiplied by 2.25, if all the performance criteria can be met at the higher gross mass. An IBC which is tested and marked for Packing Group II solid materials may be filled with a Packing Group III solid material to a gross mass not exceeding the maximum gross mass marked on the IBC, multiplied by

9 Marking of IBCs. 11G/X/10 14/USA/MXXXX/1800/925 Tare mass: 32 kg 31H1/Y/1014/USA/+ZZ1234/4518/2106/ 1041 liters/100kpa/tare Mass: 131.8kg Last leakproofness test: M/Y (by whom) Last inspection: M/Y (by whom) Vapor Pressure Evaluation for liquids: (h) Liquid hazardous materials may only be offered for transportation in a metal, rigid plastic, or composite IBC that is appropriately resistant to an increase in internal pressure likely to develop during transportation. (1) A rigid plastic or composite IBC may only be filled with a liquid having a vapor pressure less than or equal to the greater of the following two values: The first value is determined from any of the methods in paragraphs (h)(1)(i), (ii) or (iii) of this section. The second value is determined by the method in paragraph (h)(1)(iv) of this section (h)(1)(iv) (iv) Twice the static pressure of the substance, measured at the bottom of the IBC. This value must not be less than twice the static pressure of water. 9

10 173.35(h)(1)(iv) 98% full = liter (1021 liters) P(pa) = (1000 kg/m 3 ) (9.81 m/s 2 )(1 meter)(sg max) P(kPa) = (9.81 kpa)(sg max) Minimum TP (water) = 2 x 9.81 = kpa SG max = / 1021 = 1666/1021 = meter Minimum TP (max density) = 2 x 9.81 x 1.63 = 32 kpa (h)(1) (i) The gauge pressure (pressure in the IBC above ambient atmospheric pressure) measured in the IBC at 55 C (131 F). This gauge pressure must not exceed twothirds of the marked test pressure and must be determined after the IBC was filled and closed at 15 C (60 F) to less than or equal to 98 percent of its capacity. (ii) The absolute pressure (vapor pressure of the hazardous material plus atmospheric pressure) in the IBC at 50 C (122 F). This absolute pressure must not exceed four-sevenths of the sum of the marked test pressure and 100 kpa (14.5 psia). [VP material (@ 50 C) kpa.5 (TP marked + 100)] (iii) The absolute pressure (vapor pressure of the hazardous material plus atmospheric pressure) in the IBC at 55 C (131 F). This absolute pressure must not exceed two-thirds of the sum of the marked test pressure and 100 kpa (14.5 psia). [VP material (@ 55 C) kpa.66 (TP marked + 100)] Hydrostatic pressure test. (5) For rigid plastic IBC design types 31H1 and 31H2 and composite IBC design types 31HZ1 and 31HZ2: whichever is the greater of: (i) The pressure determined by any one of the following methods: (A) The gauge pressure (pressure in the IBC above ambient atmospheric pressure) measured in the IBC at 55 C (131 F) multiplied by a safety factor of 1.5. This pressure must be determined on the basis of the IBC being filled and closed to no more than 98 percent capacity at 15 C (60 F); (B) If absolute pressure (vapor pressure of the hazardous material plus atmospheric pressure) is used, 1.5 multiplied by the vapor pressure of the hazardous material at 55 C (131 F) minus 100 kpa (14.5 psi). If this method is chosen, the hydrostatic test pressure applied must be at least 100 kpa gauge pressure (14.5 psig); or (C) If absolute pressure (vapor pressure of the hazardous material plus atmospheric pressure) is used, 1.75 multiplied by the vapor pressure of the hazardous material at 50 C (122 F) minus 100 kpa (14.5 psi). If this method is chosen, the hydrostatic test pressure applied must be at least 100 kpa gauge pressure (14.5 psig); or 10

11 Vapor Pressure Material/Test Pressure Packaging (h)(1) (ii) The absolute pressure (vapor pressure of the hazardous material plus atmospheric pressure) in the IBC at 50 C (122 F). This absolute pressure must not exceed four-sevenths of the sum of the marked test pressure and 100 kpa (14.5 psia) (d)(5) (i) The pressure determined by any one of the following methods:... (B) If absolute pressure (vapor pressure of the hazardous material plus atmospheric pressure) is used, 1.5 multiplied by the vapor pressure of the hazardous material at 55 C (131 F) minus 100 kpa (14.5 psi). If this method is chosen, the hydrostatic test pressure applied must be at least 100 kpa gauge pressure (14.5 psig); or Vapor Pressure Material/Test Pressure Packaging (h)(1) (iii) The absolute pressure (vapor pressure of the hazardous material plus atmospheric pressure) in the IBC at 55 C (131 F). This absolute pressure must not exceed two-thirds of the sum of the marked test pressure and 100 kpa (14.5 psia) (d)(5) (i) The pressure determined by any one of the following methods:... (C) If absolute pressure (vapor pressure of the hazardous material plus atmospheric pressure) is used, 1.75 multiplied by the vapor pressure of the hazardous material at 50 C (122 F) minus 100 kpa (14.5 psi). If this method is chosen, the hydrostatic test pressure applied must be at least 100 kpa gauge pressure (14.5 psig); or UN No IMDG Examples of required marked test pressures for packagings, including IBCs, calculated as in Name Tetrahydrofuran n-decane Dichloromethane Diethyl ether Class Packing group II III III I Vp55 (kpa) Vp55 x 1.5 (kpa) (Vp55 x 1.5) minus 100 (kpa) Required minimum test pressure (gauge) under (kpa) Minimum test pressure (gauge) to be marked on the packaging (kpa) Note 1: For pure liquids the vapour pressure at 55 C (Vp55) can often be obtained from scientific tables. Note 2: The table refers to the use of only, which means that the marked test pressure shall exceed 1.5 times the vapour pressure at 55 C less 100 kpa. When, for example, the test pressure for n-decane is determined according to , the minimum marked test pressure may be lower

12 173.35(h)(2) (2) Liquids having a vapor pressure greater than 110 kpa (16 psig) at 50 C (122 F) or 130 kpa (18.9 psig) at 55 C (131 F) may not be transported in metal IBCs. IP8 Ammonia solutions may be transported in rigid or composite plastic IBCs (31H1, 31H2 and 31HZ1) that have successfully passed, without leakage or permanent deformation, the hydrostatic test specified in of this subchapter at a test pressure that is not less than 1.5 times the vapor pressure of the contents at 55 C (131 F). 12

13 173.24(e) Compatibility (1) Even though certain packagings are specified in this part, it is, nevertheless, the responsibility of the person offering a hazardous material for transportation to ensure that such packagings are compatible with their lading. This particularly applies to corrosivity, permeability, softening, premature aging and embrittlement. (2) Packaging materials and contents must be such that there will be no significant chemical or galvanic reaction between the materials and contents of the package. 13

14 (3) Plastic packagings and receptacles. (i) Plastic used in packagings and receptacles must be of a type compatible with the lading and may not be permeable to an extent that a hazardous condition is likely to occur during transportation, handling or refilling. (ii) Each plastic packaging or receptacle which is used for liquid hazardous materials must be capable of withstanding without failure the procedure specified in appendix B of this part ( Procedure for Testing Chemical Compatibility and Rate of Permeation in Plastic Packagings and Receptacles ). Appendix B to Part For testing under Test Method 2 or 3 in those instances where it is not practicable to use full size containers, smaller containers may be used. The small container shall be manufactured by the same process as the larger container (for example, using the same method of molding and processing temperatures) and be made of identical resins, pigments and additives. 14

15 Possible compatibility clue? Packaging (173.***) Class/ Label Special provisions PSN Division UN ID # PG Codes ( ) Excep- Non Bulk tions Bulk (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8A) (8B) (8C) 3 UN1230 II 6.1 TP Methanol 3, IB2, T7, 242 Diallyether 3 UN2360 II 3,6.1 IB2, N12, T7, TP1, TP Hydrogen peroxide, aqueous solutions with not less than 20 percent but not more than 40 percent hydrogen peroxide (stabilized as necessary) Ammonia solutions, relative density between and at 15 degrees C in water, with more than 10 percent but not more than 35 percent ammonia 5.1 UN2014 II 5.1, 8 A2, A3, A6, B53, IB2, IP5, T7, TP2, TP6, TP24, TP37 8 UN2672 III 8 336, IB3, IP8, T7, TP1 None If the gasket is destroyed, tightening the valve won t stop the leak (of 300 gallons of material). Filling: Inspection (a) No person may offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in an IBC except as authorized by this subchapter. Each IBC used for the transportation of hazardous materials must conform to the requirements of its specification and regulations for the transportation of the particular commodity. A specification IBC, for which the prescribed periodic retest or inspection under subpart D of part 180 of this subchapter is past due, may not be filled and offered for transportation until the retest or inspection have been successfully completed. This requirement does not apply to any IBC filled prior to the retest or inspection due date. 15

16 Filling: Requirements for retest and inspection of IBCs. (Yes, this is Subpart D of Part 180) (a) General. Each IBC constructed in accordance with a UN standard for which a test or inspection specified in paragraphs (b)(1), (b)(2) and (b)(3) of this section is required may not be filled and offered for transportation or transported until the test or inspection has been successfully completed. This paragraph does not apply to any IBC filled prior to the test or inspection due date. Filling: Requirements for retest and inspection of IBCs. (b) Test and inspections for metal, rigid plastic, and composite IBCs. Each IBC is subject to the following test and inspections:. (c) Visual inspection for flexible, fiberboard, or wooden IBCs. Each IBC must be visually inspected prior to first use and permitted reuse, by the person who places hazardous materials in the IBC, to ensure that:.. (d) Requirements applicable to repair of IBCs. (1) Except for flexible and fiberboard IBCs and the bodies of rigid plastic and composite IBCs, damaged IBCs may be repaired and the inner receptacles of composite packagings may be replaced and returned to service provided: (i) The repaired IBC conforms to the original design type, is capable of withstanding the applicable design qualification tests, and is retested and inspected in accordance with the applicable requirements of this section; 16

17 Filling: IBCs. Requirements for retest and inspection of (e) Requirements applicable to routine maintenance of IBCs. Except for routine maintenance of metal, rigid plastics and composite IBCs performed by the owner of the IBC, whose State and name or authorized symbol is durably marked on the IBC, the party performing the routine maintenance shall durably mark the IBC near the manufacturer's UN design type marking to show the following: (1) The country in which the routine maintenance was carried out; and (2) The name or authorized symbol of the party performing the routine maintenance. Tool for the job? Inspections (b) Initial use and reuse of IBCs. (Also see of this subchapter.) An IBC other than a multiwall paper IBC (13M1 and 13M2) may be reused. If an inner liner is required, the inner liner must be replaced before each reuse. Before an IBC is filled and offered for transportation, the IBC and its service equipment must be given an external visual inspection, by the person filling the IBC, to ensure that: (1) The IBC is free from corrosion, contamination, cracks, cuts, or other damage which would render it unable to pass the prescribed design type test to which it is certified and marked; and (2) The IBC is marked in accordance with requirements in of this subchapter. Additional marking allowed for each design type may be present. Required markings that are missing, damaged or difficult to read must be restored or returned to original condition. 17

18 Filling: (e) Where two or more closure systems are fitted in series, the system nearest to the hazardous material being carried must be closed first. Filling: (k) (k) When an IBC is used for the transportation of liquids with a flash point of 60 C (140 F) (closed cup) or lower, or powders with the potential for dust explosion, measures must be taken during product loading and unloading to prevent a dangerous electrostatic discharge. 18

19 Filling: (h) (h) Outage and filling limits (1) General. When filling packagings and receptacles for liquids, sufficient ullage (outage) must be left to ensure that neither leakage nor permanent distortion of the packaging or receptacle will occur as a result of an expansion of the liquid caused by temperatures likely to be encountered during transportation. Requirements for outage and filling limits for non-bulk and bulk packagings are specified in a(d) and b(a), respectively. Filling: (d) ullage (d) Notwithstanding requirements in b of this subpart, when filling an IBC with liquids, sufficient ullage must be left to ensure that, at the mean bulk temperature of 50 C (122 F), the IBC is not filled to more than 98 percent of its water capacity. 19

20 Water Capacity Marked: 1070 liters 1076 liters filled to test holes. Filled through closure, 1070 Liquid Expansion over Temperature Range 20 C 50 C Closing: (a)(4) (i) For a DOT Specification or UN standard packaging subject to the requirements of part 178 of this subchapter, a person must perform all functions necessary to bring the package into compliance with parts 173 and 178 of this subchapter, as identified by the packaging manufacturer or subsequent distributor (for example, applying closures consistent with the manufacturer's closure instructions) in accordance with of this subchapter. 20

21 Closing: (a)(4) (ii) For other than a bulk package or a cylinder, a person must retain a copy of the manufacturer's notification, including closure instructions (see 178.2(c) of this subchapter). For a bulk package or a cylinder, a person must retain a copy of the manufacturer's notification, including closure instructions (see 178.2(c) of this subchapter), unless permanently embossed or printed on the package. A copy of the manufacturer's notification, including closure instructions (see 178.2(c) of this subchapter), unless permanently embossed or printed on the package when applicable, must be made available for inspection by a representative of the Department upon request for at least 90 days once the package is offered to the initial carrier for transportation in commerce. Subsequent offerors of a filled and otherwise properly prepared unaltered package are not required to maintain manufacturer notification (including closure instructions) General marking requirements for bulk packagings. (a) Identification numbers. Except as otherwise provided in this subpart, no person may offer for transportation or transport a hazardous material in a bulk packaging unless the packaging is marked as required by with the identification number specified for the material in the table (1) On each side and each end, if the packaging has a capacity of 3,785 L (1,000 gallons) or more; (2) On two opposing sides, if the packaging has a capacity of less than 3,785 L (1,000 gallons); or... (b) Size of markings. Except as otherwise provided, markings required by this subpart on bulk packagings must. (2) Have a width of at least 4.0 mm (0.16 inch) and a height of at least 25 mm (one inch) for portable tanks with capacities of less than 3,785 L (1,000 gallons) and IBCs; and General labeling requirements. (a) Except as specified in a, each person who offers for transportation or transports a hazardous material in any of the following packages or containment devices, shall label the package or containment device with labels specified for the material in the table and in this subpart: (1) A non-bulk package; (2) A bulk packaging, other than a cargo tank, portable tank, or tank car, with a volumetric capacity of less than 18 m3 (640 cubic feet), unless placarded in accordance with subpart F of this part; 21

22 Placement of labels. e) Duplicate labeling. Generally, only one of each different required label must be displayed on a package. However, duplicate labels must be displayed on at least two sides or two ends (other than the bottom) of. (6) An IBC having a volume of 1.8 m3 (64 cubic feet) or more Placarding: Bulk packagings. (a). (4) An IBC. For an IBC labeled in accordance with subpart E of this part instead of placarded, the IBC may display the proper shipping name and UN identification number in accordance with the size requirements of (b)(2) in place of the UN number on an orange panel, placard or white square-on-point; and Loading: b (e) Stacking of IBCs and Large Packagings. (1) IBCs and Large Packagings not designed and tested to be stacked. No packages or freight (hazardous or otherwise) may be stacked upon an IBC or a Large Packaging that was not designed and tested to be stacked upon. (2) IBCs and Large Packagings designed and tested to be stacked. The superimposed weight placed upon an IBC or a Large Packaging designed to be stacked may not exceed the maximum permissible stacking test mass marked on the packaging. 22

23 IBC Stacking Marks 23

24 Loading: (f) During transportation (1) No hazardous material may remain on the outside of the IBC; and (2) Each IBC must be securely fastened to or contained within the transport unit. Blocking and bracing regulations apply as well. Questions? Thank You, Lonnie Jaycox