EDUCATION RESOURCE DESIGN & TECHNOLOGY. Education Program Partner YEARS 7-9 READY FOR ACTION DESIGN & TECHNOLOGY - PAGE 1

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1 EDUCATION RESOURCE DESIGN & TECHNOLOGY Education Program Partner YEARS 7-9 DESIGN & TECHNOLOGY - PAGE 1

2 BEFORE THE VISIT DESIGN & TECHNOLOGY - PAGE 2

3 YEARS 7-9 WORKSHEET 1 FABRICS IN SPORT People who play sport want their clothing to be comfortable and to work well. Through these activities, you are going to think about what sport clothing needs to be like, and consider how clothes help the athletes perform and feel good. 1. Select 2 very different types of sport, then answer the questions in the table below: Suggested sports: Football Athletics (track Badminton Gymnastics Cricket and field) Table tennis Equestrian sports Netball Cycling Tennis Rock climbing Basketball Swimming Skiing Lacrosse Hockey Surfing Snowboarding Etc. Orienteering Diving Skateboarding You can choose from this list, or focus on other sports you know about. *This table may need to be increased to A3 size (141%) Name of sport: Is it a team sport or individual sport? Example: Surfing Individual Sport 1 Sport 2 Where are the sports played? Describe any special conditions that players have to put up with? At the beach, in the waves In the water, always wet, can be windy and cold Do the players run/move around a lot? They swim and paddle a lot Do they get hot and sweaty? Not really Do they have to stretch a lot? Do the players bump into things or need to be protected? Do the players need to be easily recognised (team)? Yes, when paddling and moving on a board Not really, only if they bump into a board, need to be protected from board rash No Do the clothes need to be washed frequently? Any other relevant information? Sort of salt water needs to be washed off after each surf You probably discovered that different sports have very different needs! DESIGN & TECHNOLOGY - PAGE 3

4 YEARS 7-9 WORKSHEET 2.1 WHAT S NEEDED IN SPORTS WEAR? When choosing the right fabric to use in sports clothing, you have to think about what players need and how the clothing will be used. Each sport is different and a targeted set of criteria* is needed to help select the best fabric to match the sport. *Criteria a statement or question that helps to define a specific need or requirement 1. Developing a must have list of requirements Choose the one sport that you know the most about perhaps a sport you play. Develop a series of criteria (or requirements) for the clothes players wear while playing that sport think about how you would want those clothes to perform. Be very specific about aspects related to comfort, performance, durability, appearance and maintenance (e.g. washing between uses) Sport: Your criteria: e.g. Clothes for this sport need to be very stretchy, but return to its original shape after stretching Clothes for this sport need to: DESIGN & TECHNOLOGY - PAGE 4

YEARS 7-9 WORKSHEET 2.2 WHAT S NEEDED IN SPORTS WEAR? 2. Read the following section from the Olympics Museum s Athletes and Science Education Kit THE SCIENCE OF SWIMMING Water slows swimmers down in several ways.

5 YEARS 7-9 WORKSHEET 2.2 WHAT S NEEDED IN SPORTS WEAR? 2. Read the following section from the Olympics Museum s Athletes and Science Education Kit THE SCIENCE OF SWIMMING Water slows swimmers down in several ways. The shape of the swimmer while swimming is essential. It is necessary to ensure that as little body surface as possible resists movement by adopting an elongated position in order to cut through the water hydro-dynamically (think of the position skiers adopt when trying to accelerate). A tall swimmer with broad shoulders and narrow hips offers less resistance to forward movement (reminiscent of the shape of a drop of water falling, offering least resistance to the air). It is also important to minimise the backwash (or turbulence) created behind the swimmer. The waves created by swimmers generate high-pressure zones that they have to cross and which slow them down. New swimming pools are equipped with wave-breaking lines designed to ensure that swimmers near the edge, where the waves are naturally stronger, are not disadvantaged. It would be beneficial to swim underwater (where there are no waves) but that is forbidden! The friction between the water and the swimmer s body and swimsuit slows them down. Swimmers shave their bodies in order to reduce it. THE SECRET OF HI-TECH SWIMSUITS They are elastic. They act like girdles, compressing the muscles, thus reducing resistance to the water. They are highly waterproof, trapping air bubbles and therefore increasing the swimmer s buoyancy. Resistance to the water is lower because less of the swimmer s body is submerged. Their surface is smooth with low friction coefficients. They are also treated with hydrophobic (water repelling) products, which help the water to flow over the swimsuit. The seams and zip are carefully designed to offer the least resistance possible. The swimsuits are made of polyurethane, a plastic that gives elasticity and water-tightness. This polymer can take numerous forms (rigid foams, hard or flexible plastics, synthetic fabrics, etc.). The polyurethane swimsuits described in this extract are now banned by FINA, the governing body for swimming competitions swimsuit must now be made from a permeable fabric (not a sealed plastic fabric). Read the article attached to find out about more recent advances in Speedo swimwear. Note that the new swimsuits take over 15 mins to put on. DESIGN & TECHNOLOGY - PAGE 5

6 YEARS 7-9 WORKSHEET 2.3 WHAT S NEEDED IN SPORTS WEAR? 3. What new things have you learnt about the fabric used in high performance swimwear? 4. In their list of swimwear competition rules, the governing body of FINA have banned the use of full body swimsuits, requiring suits for men to be from above the knee to the navel, and for women, from above the knee to the shoulder (not covering the neck). They have also banned the use of non-permeable fabric. Why do you think FINA has these restrictions? 5. Look again at your list of criteria for your sports clothing can you think of more detailed performancerelated criteria that could be added to your list? Are there specific aspects, such as aerodynamics/ hydrodynamics, temperature control, weather conditions, etc. where performance might be improved by the choice of specialist fabrics? 6. What scientific research and testing might help in developing new fabric or clothing design for your sport? DESIGN & TECHNOLOGY - PAGE 6

7 YEARS 7-9 WORKSHEET 3.1 WHAT FIBRE/FABRIC IS THAT? Know your fibres Sports clothing designers know a lot about fabric and fibres. This helps designers choose the fabric that will give athletes an edge when competing. Knowledge of fibres and fabrics is also used to create everyday sports clothing that is comfortable and easy for all participants to use. 1. What do you know about fibres? Fibres are categorised according to where they come from. Can you place the fibres below into their correct category Acetate Bamboo Lycra Rayon Linen Acrylic Nylon Cotton Silk Viscose Angora Tencel Polyester Spandex Wool Natural Man-made Protein Cellulose Regenerated Synthetic Protein from an animal source Cellulose from a plant Regenerated a naturally formed fibre that is chemically altered Synthetic a completely manufactured fibre 2. What is a fibre blend? What is an example of a fibre blend that is commonly used? DESIGN & TECHNOLOGY - PAGE 7

YEARS 7-9 WORKSHEET 3.2 WHAT FIBRE/FABRIC IS THAT?

but fabric construction also has a great impact. 3.

Knitted Felted/Fused skin Laminated/Layered 4.

fabric forms in the following areas Quality Elasticity / rigidity Water

8 YEARS 7-9 WORKSHEET 3.2 WHAT FIBRE/FABRIC IS THAT? Fabric construction Fibre content has a large impact on how fabrics perform, but fabric construction also has a great impact. 3. Label the fabric construction diagrams below using these terms: Woven Knitted Felted/Fused skin Laminated/Layered 4. Explain (or make a calculated guess about) the differences between these fabric forms in the following areas Quality Elasticity / rigidity Water absorbency / Water repelling Define the quality Flexibility / drape Woven Knitted Felted Skin Laminated 5. List other qualities, properties and characteristics that you might look for in fibres and/or fabrics when making design choices. If you get stuck, refer to the teacher s information. DESIGN & TECHNOLOGY - PAGE 8

9 YEARS 7-9 WORKSHEET 4 FIBRE INVESTIGATION AND REPORT Working in small groups 1. Choose one of the common fibres above and collect information to answer the following questions a. Where does this fibre come from? b. Are the fibres formed naturally, chemically altered (regenerated) or manufactured? c. What properties and characteristics does your fibre have? (Find at least 4-5) d. What types of clothing are made using this fibre? 2. Choose one of the following high performance fabrics and answer the following questions SportWool ( Polyurethane treated fabric (now banned in swimsuits) Carbon fibre in fabric ( Microfibre (polyester) ( Gortex ( Compression fabric ( a. When and where was it first created? b. Explain what it is (e.g. what fibres are used, fabric construction) c. What type of sports clothing was it created for which sport? d. What special qualities does it have? 3. Presentation As a group, give a 3-5 minute presentation about your research results with a maximum of 3 slides for the common fibre and 3 for the high performance fabric. Alternatively, you could present 2 posters to display your information. Make sure you use images to help explain your fibre s properties/characteristics and uses. 4. Making decisions After the presentations have been given and you ve learnt more about different fibres and fabrics, look back at the requirements for your sporting activity (worksheet 2). Decide which fibre and/or fabric type would best suit the needs of people playing your chosen sport. Sport: Fibre and/or fabric type: Explain why: DESIGN & TECHNOLOGY - PAGE 9

10 YEARS 7-9 WORKSHEET 5 HOW DO FIBRES REALLY PERFORM? - MATERIALS TESTING Work with your teacher, and in groups, to plan and carry out a test on materials. Write up your report, covering the following questions 1. What is the material property or characteristic you are testing? 2. Why is this important for you chosen type of sport (from worksheet 2)? Name of sport Importance of characteristic/property 3. Explain, step-by-step, how you carried out your test 4. Draw a diagram/insert a photo of your test set-up 5. What were your results put your data into a graph 6. What does this tell us about each fabric? 7. Which fabric would you choose if you were designing and making clothing for your chosen sport? Why? DESIGN & TECHNOLOGY - PAGE 10

11 DURING THE VISIT DESIGN & TECHNOLOGY - PAGE 11

12 YEARS 7-9 WORKSHEET 6 SPORTS CLOTHES THROUGH TIME In the gallery areas, find a display of clothes from one particular sport choose a sport that has a range of clothing shown from different eras. Suggested sports that are well displayed: Football Athletics Cycling Cricket Swimming If you can find a range of Netball Tennis clothing for another sport Basketball Golf you can refer to that Answer the following questions: Sport: 1. Which set of clothes looks like the least confortable? Why? 2. What other design features have changed or are different? E.g. colour, fastenings 3. From what you can see, what are clothes from different eras made from? How do they look different? 4. Do you think they are made from the same fibre? 5. Which set of clothes looks like the most confortable to wear? Why? 6. How have the shapes and styles of the clothes changed? DESIGN & TECHNOLOGY - PAGE 12

YEARS 7-9 WORKSHEET 7 FANTASTIC CLOTHING In the gallery spaces, find one of the

Olympics Ian Thorpe s full body swimming suit from the 2008 Olympics The most recent

Olympic Taekwondo suit Australian cricket team s match clothing 1.

What are the particular requirements of this sport?

13 YEARS 7-9 WORKSHEET 7 FANTASTIC CLOTHING In the gallery spaces, find one of the following sets of sports wear: Cathy Freeman s running suit from the 2000 Sydney Olympics Ian Thorpe s full body swimming suit from the 2008 Olympics The most recent cycling suit Stephen Bradbury s 2002 Olympic ice skating suit Lauren Burn s 2000 Olympic Taekwondo suit Australian cricket team s match clothing 1. What makes this clothing so special and innovative (new, a technological advance)? 2. What are the particular requirements of this sport? How do the clothes need to perform? 3. How is this set of clothes specially designed to suit the sports person s needs? DESIGN & TECHNOLOGY - PAGE 13

14 YEARS 7-9 WORKSHEET 8 HANDS-ON FABRIC Find the fabric samples at the hands-on station in the gallery 1. List the names of three of the fabrics and find out the sports they are used in. Fabric samples Sports 2. Feel and look at the samples and write you opinions to the following questions Which fabric is the softest to touch? Which fabric is the smoothest? Which is the roughest fabric? Which is the most flexible? Which is the stiffest? Which is the stretchiest fabric? Which fabric stretches the least? Which feels the warmest? Which feels the coolest? Look closely - which has the loosest construction? (most open weave or knit) Which is the most densely or tightly constructed? Which fabric is made in Australia? Which has travelled the furthest distance to get to Melbourne? DESIGN & TECHNOLOGY - PAGE 14

15 AFTER THE VISIT DESIGN & TECHNOLOGY - PAGE 15

16 YEARS 7-9 WORKSHEET 9 SPORTS CLOTHES WRITING THE BRIEF: Imagine you are on the sports team committee, and you need a designer to develop design ideas for your team s sporting clothes or gear. 1. Write a design brief for the particular needs of your sport, explaining the factors that need to be considered in the design. You need to cover the following aspects: Who will be wearing the clothes The conditions under which the clothes will be used Particular requirements for the movement involved in this sport Human interaction with the clothes e.g. temperature, sweat, etc. Durability (wear and tear) Clothing maintenance washing, etc. Visual aspects related to your team s colours and symbols Complete the following design brief: The (your sport) team committee are calling for innovative designs for the next international sporting event. The team clothes/competition uniform needs to be /will be... What are the 4 most important requirements of this brief? (Constraints and considerations) A. B. C. D. DESIGN & TECHNOLOGY - PAGE 16

17 YEARS 7-9 WORKSHEET 10 YOUR SPORTS CLOTHING DESIGN Draw a design for set of sports clothes or suit On your drawing, you need to write comments using line and colour. (You may want to brainstorm pointing out: a few sketched ideas first) You can show a front and back view. Identify the materials that the clothes will be made from, and the materials you have chosen for the clothing the ideas that make your clothes work well for its type of sport explain how the clothes do the job that is required (meet the needs of the brief. Use the body shapes as a guide, and you can remove the existing the ideas that make your design look good any interesting design innovations (new ideas) clothing shapes **The images used in this worksheet are from: VCE PD&T: Units 1-4, 3rd edition, Livett, J and O Leary, J (Cengage, 2011), p.74 DESIGN & TECHNOLOGY - PAGE 17

18 YEARS 7-9 WORKSHEET 10 YOUR SPORTS CLOTHING DESIGN Explain what is good about your design? How well does your design fulfil the requirements written in the 4 dot points above your design brief? DESIGN & TECHNOLOGY - PAGE 18

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EDUCATION RESOURCE DESIGN & TECHNOLOGY. Education Program Partner YEARS 8-10 RESILIENT FLAME DESIGN & TECHNOLOGY - PAGE 1

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