OFSA 1 ST GRADE, 2 ND GRADE, & 3 RD GRADE RECREATIONAL COACHING MANUAL 1

Transcription

1 4TH GRADE THRU 8TH GRADE (U10/U12) RECREATIONAL COACHING MANUAL OFSA 1 ST GRADE, 2 ND GRADE, & 3 RD GRADE RECREATIONAL COACHING MANUAL 1

2 COACHING GUIDELINES OFSA Recreational Soccer Manual Game Rules, Guidelines, and Training Plans 1. COMMUNICATION: Ensure the terminology you use is clear and precise. Let players know you are in charge. 2. POSITIVE REINFORCEMENT: Whenever possible give individuals and/or groups positive reinforcement. Refrain from using negative comments. Use praise as an incentive. 3. BE CREATIVE AND USE INITIATIVE: If the drill or game is too advanced, modify to increase the chances of success. 4. MAKE A DIFFERENCE: Be motivational and inspirational. Enthusiasm and being energetic are contagious. 5. KEEP PLAYERS ACTIVE: If the drill is static, create need of helpers or assistants to keep everyone involved. 6. EACH PLAYER IS AN INDIVIDUAL: Be aware of player differences. Aggressive or quiet, recognition of player personalities will allow you to respond to all players, and they will respond to you positively. 7. STRIVE FOR QUALITY: In all demonstrations make the desired objectives clear. If a player shows mastery of a skill, use him/her to demonstrate. 8. REINFORCE CORRECT TECHNIQUE: In all drills and games continually emphasis the use of correct techniques. 9. ENCOURAGE PLAYER MOVEMENT: At all times make players aware of importance of readiness. Emphasize weight forward on toes and bouncing instead of flat footed-ness. 10. ROTATE POSITIONS: All players should be active as servers, assistants. In game situations change positions each quarter. 11. DEVELOP PLAYER RESPECT: Continually get players to support one another. To show good sportsmanship towards all players including opponents, and respect for others attempts and effort. 12. EQUALITY AMONGST PLAYERS: Give equal attention to all players in group or games. Do not leave the less competent players behind nor slow the advanced players. 13. FUN AND ENJOYMENT: Players will respond and want to continue if things are fun. Create their enjoyment. REMEMBER AS A COACH YOU SHOULD BE DEDICATED TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF ALL PLAYERS WHETHER TECHNICALLY ABLED OR NEW TO THE GAME. YOUR POSITION IS VERY IMPORTANT. YOU ARE A ROLE MODEL TO THESE CHILDREN. SET EXEMPLARY STANDARDS. DEVELOPING GOOD TOUCH AND TECHNIQUE, GOOD SPORTSMANSHIP AND A GOOD ATMOSPHERE IS THE GOAL. KEEP AWAY FROM CREATING A PRESSURE TO WIN. MAINTAIN EQUALITY THROUGHOUT YOUR SESSIONS AND EMPHASIZE FUN AND DEVELOPMENT. Group Age Number of Players Pre-School U-5 3 v 3 No GK Pre-K U-5 4 v 4 (3 field +1 GK) Kindergarten U-6 5 v 5 (4 field +1 GK) 1 st Grade U-7 6 v 6 (5 field +1 GK) 2 nd and 3 rd U-8/9 6 v 6 Grade (5 field +1 GK) 4 th and 5 th U-10/11 8 v 8 Grade (7 field +1 GK) 6 th, 7 th, 8 th U-12/14 6 v 6 Grade (5 field +1 GK) Team Shape System of Play Goalkeeper Distribution Game Periods / Duration Substitutions Triangle N/A 6 minutes Unlimited 3 Triangle Diamond Throw, Roll, Punt Throw, Roll, Punt Throw, Roll, Punt Throw, Roll, Punt Throw, Roll, Punt Throw, Roll, Punt Ball Size 8 minutes Unlimited 3 8 minutes Unlimited 3 20 minutes Unlimited 4 20 minutes Unlimited 4 25 minutes Unlimited 4 30 minutes Unlimited 5 OFSA COACHING MANUAL 2

3 PHASES OF TECHNICAL TRAINING U6 U8 U9 U10 U11 Phase A Phase B Phase C Phase D Getting Used to the Ball Dribbling, stopping, turning, passing, and shooting Getting Used to the Ball Dribbling, stopping, turning, passing, and shooting Ball Control Dribbling, stopping, turning, passing, shooting, moving and securing ball, body fakes Ball Control Dribbling (speed and control), stopping, turning, passing, shooting, moving and securing ball, body fakes Attacking (1 v 0): moving the ball at high speed (1 v 1): faking 1 v 1 play: disrupting opponent s dribble Ball Control Dribbling (speed and control), stopping, turning, passing, shooting, moving and securing ball, body fakes Attacking (1 v 1): moving the ball under opposition pressure, faking, shielding (1 v 1): 1 v 1 play: winning the ball (tackling block, poke, slide charging, blocking) Passing and Shooting Techniques Emphasis on TWO-Touch Inside of foot, instep Passing and Shooting Techniques Emphasis on TWO-Touch Inside of foot, instep, full instep Passing and Shooting Techniques Emphasis on TWO-Touch Inside of foot, inside instep, and full instep while moving Passing and Shooting Techniques Inside of foot, inside instep, and full instep while moving Specialized Techniques Outside of foot, volley, halfvolley Passing and Shooting Techniques Inside of foot, inside instep, full instep, and outside of foot while moving; crossing from flanks Specialized Techniques Chipping, low drive, volley, halfvolley, heading, hip-turn kick Receiving and Controlling the Ball Emphasis on TWO-Touch Inside, outside, sole Receiving and Controlling the Ball Emphasis on TWO-Touch Inside, outside, sole Receiving and Controlling the Ball Emphasis on TWO-Touch Moving Inside, outside, sole, thigh, chest Introduction to Heading Receiving and Controlling the Ball Emphasis on TWO-Touch Moving Inside, outside, sole, thigh, chest, head 1 v 1 Play Receiving, shielding, and controlling under opposition pressure 1 v 1 play: disrupting opponents reception Receiving and Controlling the Ball Emphasis on TWO-Touch Moving Inside, outside, sole, thigh, chest, head 1 v 1 Play Attack: receiving, shielding, and controlling under opposition pressure while moving / high balls 1 v 1 Play Defense: disrupting opponents reception General Tactics Showing for passes General Tactics Showing for passes and passing (attack and defense) General Tactics Attack Wall pass, checking/showing for passes Defense Ball oriented marking and disrupting General Tactics Attack Wall pass, checking/showing for passes Defense Ball oriented marking and disrupting General Tactics Attack Wall pass, Overlapping, splitting defense, checking/showing for passes Defense Zone defense and manoriented marking and disrupting Set Play Marking U12 Ball Control Dribbling (speed and control), stopping, turning, passing, shooting, moving and securing ball, body fakes Attacking (1 v 1): moving the ball under opposition pressure, faking, shielding (1 v 1): 1 v 1 play: winning the ball (tackling block, poke, slide charging, blocking) Individual Tactics Attacking dribbling to beat opponent, faking, passing, shooting from 1 v 1 up to 4 v 4 on attack and defense Passing and Shooting Techniques Inside of foot, inside instep, full instep, and outside of foot while moving; crossing from flanks Specialized Techniques Chipping, low drive, volley, halfvolley, heading, hip-turn kick Group Tactics Attacking from wings, wall pass, showing, over-lapping, splitting defenders Receiving and Controlling the Ball Emphasis on TWO-Touch Moving Inside, outside, sole, thigh, chest, head 1 v 1 Play Attack: receiving, shielding, and controlling under opposition pressure while moving / high balls 1 v 1 Play Defense: disrupting opponents reception Group Tactics Zone defense, following ball, vertical support, outnumbering opponents, conquering the ball. Transition play General Tactics Attack Wall pass, Overlapping, splitting defense, checking/showing for passes Defense Zone defense and manoriented marking and disrupting Set Play Marking OFSA 1 ST GRADE, 2 ND GRADE, & 3 RD GRADE RECREATIONAL COACHING MANUAL 3

4 PLAYER EQUIPMENT Shin guards are MANDATORY at all games and practices. All players must wear proper shin guards to every practice and every game. Shin guards must be covered with socks. Molded soccer shoes are the best choice; tennis shoes will work as well. No Baseball, football, or metal cleats. No jewelry, earrings, metal devices, or hazardous equipment should be worn. Each player should bring water to games and training. Each player should have a properly inflated stitched of proper size. (Soccer balls come in 3 different sizes: 3, 4, and 5. The ball size is shown on the ball. Also, look for a stamp that says either official size and weight or FIFA Approved. Even if a ball is the official weight, some balls are heavier and harder than others. Don t get a ball that is too heavy or hard (some seamless balls are especially hard). Some balls are so hard that it is painful to kick them. For games, players must wear appropriate blue or yellow jersey. Goalkeepers must wear a contrasting colored jersey or pinnie. COACHES ON THE FIELD For Pre-School, Pre-K, and Kindergarten (U6) o For the entire season, ONE coach from each team MAY be on the field with each squad for player support and coaching purposes only. Coaches should attempt to stay to the sidelines and corners of the field, not the middle of the field, and should attempt not to get in the players way or to get between the ball and the goal. For 1 st Grade and Up (U7-U14) o No coaches are permitted on the field during play except that coaches may enter the field to care for an injured player when given permission to do so by the referee. STARTS AND RE-STARTS OF THE GAME Kick Off o The game starts with a kickoff in the middle of the center circle. The home team as indicated on the supplied schedule will be the team kicking off at the beginning of the game. After a goal has been "scored," the team scored upon takes a Kick Off. All players on the non-kicking team must be outside the center circle (i.e. at least five yards away from the Center Mark) and on their side of the half line. Throw-Ins o Ball must be completely over the sideline to be out; a throw-in is awarded to the opposing team of the player that last touched it. o Opponents must be five yards away from the ball on a throw-in. o For Pre-School, Pre-K, and Kindergarten (U6)! In the event a throw-in is taken improperly, an additional throw-in by the same player will be allowed after the referee explains to the player why the prior throw-in was improper. If the retake fails, the referee and coach should again offer positive correction, but the throw-in may be awarded to the other team. o For 1 st Grade and Up (U7-U14)! The ball will be awarded to the opposing team after an improper throw-in. Goal Kick o A Goal Kick may be taken at any point along the Goal Area Arc, or anywhere within the Goal Arc. o Opponents must be at least five yards outside of the goal box / penalty area. If there is a second larger arc painted on the field, opponents (but not members of the kicking team) must be behind this second arc. o Either team may not play the ball until it has traveled 5 yards outside of the box. Corner Kick o A Corner Kick must be taken at the intersection of the Goal Line and Touch Line (sideline), as placed at the discretion of the referee. o Opponents must be at least five yards away, from the ball. OFSA 1 ST GRADE, 2 ND GRADE, & 3 RD GRADE RECREATIONAL COACHING MANUAL 4

5 FOULS AND MISCONDUCT Fouls and Misconduct are very rare in the U6 and U8 Divisions. All fouls and misconduct will result in the award of either an Indirect Free Kick or Direct Free Kick for the opponent. There are no penalty kicks in U6 or U8! In all instances, the referee should explain the foul and/or reason for the referee's call to the player against whom the call was made. All members of the non-kicking team must be at least five (5) yards away from the point of any free kick. Defenders, however, may form a wall at or outside of the goal arc. Indirect Free Kick o Shall be awarded at the point of infraction, or on the Goal Arc at the top of the defending Goal Area, whichever is further away from the Goal line, for all fouls except deliberately handling the ball or violent play. o A goal MAY NOT be scored directly from an Indirect Free Kick; a player from either side must first touch it. Direct Free Kick o Shall be awarded at the point of infraction, or at the top of the defending Goal Area, whichever is further away from the defending Goal line, for deliberately handing the ball or violent play. A goal MAY be scored directly from a Direct Free Kick. THE NO PARKING RULE! There is "No Parking" allowed in or adjacent to the goal area at either the offensive or defensive end of the field. The purpose of the No Parking Rule is to avoid having a player simply standing near either goal while not actively playing the ball; that is, to prevent having de facto goalkeepers at the defensive end of the field and cherry picking attackers at the offensive end of the field. Players must learn the ebb and flow of the game.! Coaches must cooperate with the spirit of the Rule, and assist the referee in enforcing it. Sometimes the players themselves decide to park near the goal. This should be discouraged. Further, while the No Parking Rule is stated in terms of the Goal Arc in front of the goal, coaches should not park defenders or an attacker right outside of the arc, as this would violate the spirit of the Rule.! The Rule is stated as follows o No Defender or Attacker may be positioned or stand in, or immediately adjacent to, either Goal Area. Any player may enter either Goal Area to play the ball, but the player must then exit with the flow of play. Defenders may not act as de facto goalkeepers, or wait in front of the goal for the ball to be played to them.! The referee shall have discretion to determine if the "No Parking" rule has been violated. If, in the referee's opinion, a player is improperly "parked" in front of the goal, the player should be instructed by the referee as to the violation of the Rule and must relocate. If, in the referee's opinion, the parked" player has been involved in the play, an Indirect Free Kick should be awarded to the other team. If an attacking team is awarded an Indirect Free Kick due to a violation of the No Parking rule, it should be taken from the top of the Goal Arc. If a defending team is awarded an Indirect Free Kick, it should be taken from the point of infraction. SUBSTITUTIONS: EVERYBODY PLAYS! We encourage the "Everyone Plays" rule. Players should play all positions on the field so that they learn that in the game of soccer, everyone plays offense and everyone plays defense. Try not to use terms such as offense and defense, but rather use field position terms, forward, midfield, and fullback.! No player shall score more than four goals. Pull the player back and have them set up other players from the fullback position.! Younger players may need or want to come off the field from time to time, and this should be permitted. No player should be forced to participate, but all should be encouraged to play the entire game where possible. Thus, in keeping with the effort to improve ball skills and encourage children to get "more touches on the ball," we encourage frequent substitutions. OFSA 1 ST GRADE, 2 ND GRADE, & 3 RD GRADE RECREATIONAL COACHING MANUAL 5

6 SUBSTITUTIONS: EVERYBODY PLAYS! Substitutions may occur on o Throw-in s o Goal-kicks o When a goal is scored o Between periods o During injury-stopped play! Have your substitutions ready and waiting of the field at the centerline.! Ask permission of the referee by yelling SUB. The referee will then wave players on to the field. PREPARING FOR THE FIRST GAME! The Field o The game field is very different from the practice field. Field markings, goals, and the size of the field -- these things can be intimidating to a young or inexperienced player. Young players may not make the connection between your two flags or cones that serve as the goal in practice, and the real thing. Before the first game, even if briefly before, take your players on a short tour of the field. Do your players know that a goal kick can be taken from anywhere in the goal area? Where does the defensive team position itself at the kickoff? When is a ball out of play? When is a corner kick taken? Where can a player s feet be when he takes a throw-in? It is possible for players to go through an entire season and not learn some of these basic aspects of the game.! Uniforms o Be sure that your players know how to wear their uniform. Socks are worn over shin guards (never the other way around). Shirts are tucked in. On cold days a long-sleeve shirt may be worn under the team jersey, preferably the same color as the jersey's dominant color.! Pre-Game Warm-Up o Your team should arrive at the field at least 10 minutes before the start of their game. Games will start on time. Use the 10 minutes to warm-up with some cardiovascular activity, a bit of light stretching, and additional practice dribbling, shooting and passing. There may not always be time to shoot on a goal, but the passing and other activities can be done in any open space.! Starting and Restarting Play o! Positions o Each player should have an equal opportunity to do everything (throw-in, goal kick, corner kick, etc.) during each game. Just because one player can throw the ball further on a throw-in or kick the ball further on a goal kick does not mean that player should do all of the throw-ins or goal kicks. Children learn by trying and, hopefully, succeeding. Remember that these are non-competitive divisions and that the goal is to develop skills, not win games. Make sure that all players have an equal chance to learn how to successfully accomplish all of the re-start skills. OFSA encourages all coaches to give their players experience at all positions, particularly in the younger divisions. Experience is more important than strategy. Rotate your players each game between attackers and defenders. Your players won t know what a sweeper, striker or stopper is, but they can understand basic attacking and defensive positions, particularly if they are given fun names. " You can even give them colored wristbands to help them learn positions on the field: RED stays ahead, GREEN stays in between, and BLACK stays a little in back. Post-Game Etiquette and Sportsmanship! Cheering is good; Positive encouragement is good; Negative comments are bad.! Be careful not to say anything that might be taken the wrong way or hurt someone s feelings. Remember: they are learning, this is for fun, and these are children. Be a good role model and a good sport.! Do not yell at the referees or say anything bad to or about the other team. Never boo the other team or cheer when they make a mistake.! When the game is over, the entire team should come together on the field. This is a chance to give a cheer for the other team and yourselves. After the cheer, the players line up single file at midfield to shake hands (or "high five") with the other team. Coaches are in this line as well, and opposing coaches should always shake hands after a game. Coaches should encourage their teams to thank the referees, and should remember to thank the referees themselves. OFSA 1 ST GRADE, 2 ND GRADE, & 3 RD GRADE RECREATIONAL COACHING MANUAL 6

7 Coaching Guidelines # The developmental phase that U-8, U-9 and U-10 players under go is absolutely the most crucial phase. The rate of motor skill development has a strong correlation with the end result. The quality of motor skills acquired at this starting point has a big influence on the final level of soccer potential attained by each player. Some components of soccer skills, if not practiced and honed properly at this starting point, can never be fully mastered at the later ages. Demonstration is very important and the players learn best by Doing. This is also an important time to introduce and teach the basic skills and principles of play. Players must have fun and enjoy the learning process. The premise that players develop faster and experience more enjoyment in small side games is universally accepted and proven. # It is important to establish a good strong solid technical base. The ability to dribble is absolutely critical since dribbling is the foundation skills and preparation for all other fundamental techniques of soccer, such as receiving, passing, and shooting. When players are receiving the ball and making preparation touches prior to passing or shooting, they are essentially engaged in a mini- dribble. This refers to the ability to dribble, receive and pass shortrange ground passes. The development of individual skills under pressure of time, space, and an opponent. # Technique o # Tactics o o o Young players need to learn to dribble in a variety of playing situations, such as dribbling forward unopposed, changing speed and direction with the ball, shielding the ball from opponents, dribbling past an opponent and dribbling to get away from pressure. A limited ability to dribble leads to a limited range of passing or shooting. There are also times in a game when a player with the ball has no passing options and the only way out of the tight pressure is to dribble.! Dribbling: Encourage risk taking! Moves to beat an opponent; Keeping possession.! Shielding: Spin turns; Change of speed, Change of direction.! Receiving: Ground balls. Main surfaces, from a partner and on the move.! Shooting: Proper striking technique! Passing: Proper technique Laces, Inside, Outside, Short and Long; Crossing! Heading: Introduction - Self serve; partner serves! Tackling: Proper technique, in balance, no fear. Players must have the basic technique before they can successfully learn individual tactics, and that advance technique (the ability to execute skills with only one or two touches) is a pre-requisite for group tactics and is taught at old age groups. Players at this age do not possess the analytical thought process to look back or think ahead. They live for the moment, in here and now. For this reason 8 to 10 year old players should focus primarily on developing their technique. In these age groups, ball contacts are the most crucial consideration. Children aged 4-10 are naturally dependent on their parents for many of their daily needs. This dependency transfers into youth sports. The players themselves with look to their parents for help since they are conditioned to be dependent on them. Therefore, another important objective of our U-8 through U-10 program is to wean the players out of their dependency on adults during games. Soccer players must learn to think for themselves and the sooner they learn to stand on their own feet, the better. # Individual o 1v1 situations in the attack and defense. Play 1v1 frequently. # Small Group o 2v1, 2v2, 3v1, 3v2, 3v3, 4v2, 4v3, 4v4 o Player should play a variety of positions; develop awareness / complete player. Basic principles of play. # Attacking o Keep possession; Encourage risk taking; Take players on 1v1 where and when. Promote attacking soccer. Communication # Defending o # Team o Pressure the ball (in front and behind), immediate chase, Communication. Team tactics do not take priority at these ages. Focus is placed on maintaining balance, playing skillful soccer and shape. Players play a variety of positions and emphasis is placed on player development. OFSA 1 ST GRADE, 2 ND GRADE, & 3 RD GRADE RECREATIONAL COACHING MANUAL 7

8 Coaching Guidelines 1. Be careful with the language you use when communicating with young players always be as positive as possible and include all players. 2. Demonstrate: It is important to demonstrate what you want the young players to do. Painting a picture for them will help them to understand what you want from them. 3. Eliminate Lines, Laps and Lectures... " Having players stand in lines waiting for their turn results in the players losing interest. They came to practice to have FUN playing soccer, let them play. " Running laps, especially without a ball is NOT encouraged. All practice activities should take place on the field, preferably with a ball. Do not have players run laps! " Lectures should be left for the classroom. Again, the kids are at practice to play soccer and be active, not to be talked to for extended periods of time. 4. Make things FUN! Your energy and enthusiasm need to come through in every practice. Allow players as much active time with a ball each as possible. 5. ALL players should be given plenty of opportunities to succeed and ALL players need to be kept motivated and challenged. Every activity that you set up should give the kids to have success at their own skill level. To succeed in coaching players in this age range, you must have: " Patience o They will not understand things right away. Although young they want and need you to be in charge. Be firm with what your expectations are but remember you are dealing with young children. " Flexibility o Recognize when something is not working and change it. " A Sense of Humor o Laugh with your players. " A Very Positive Attitude o Give generous praise often. " Lots and Lots of Energy o Participate in practice. HOW TO ORGANIZE A PRACTICE In organizing a practice session, one must consider the time available and the specific goals of that session. You must keep players "busy" for approximately one hour. Show up early and start on time. Wear appropriate clothing to show that you are interested in the game. You can't really get into the spirit of the practice if you are wearing a tie and street shoes, or a dress and heels. A good basic rule to follow at all levels of instruction is: Always Be Careful to Demonstrate and Explain Fully Your players are eager and enthusiastic. Give them the added advantage of understanding what you want them to attempt. Keep the practice simple by trying to communicate one idea or skill at a time. If you are unclear on a particular rule (e.g., direct vs. indirect kicks), don't give a wrong answer and confuse everyone. Find out and teach it correctly at the next practice. The OFSA board members and travel coaches are all available to help. One hour is enough time to conduct a thorough (and exhausting) training session for the younger age groups. Minimize inactivity; maximize contact with the soccer ball. No focus on fitness at these age groups and all activities should be fun and engaging. Follow a theme, build on basic skills, and finish with competition. Think of the hour in four parts: OFSA 1 ST GRADE, 2 ND GRADE, & 3 RD GRADE RECREATIONAL COACHING MANUAL 8

9 Typical Training Session Breakdown 1. WARM-UP 10mins Begin with a FUN activity. This should prepare the players mentally and physically for the rest of the practice. Slight changes to a game will make it different to players at this age. Warm up exercises and stretching (including an activity they can join as they arrive) " Dribbling in a grid (visual skills and ball control) " Various ball handling drills and stretching " Trapping (ball stopping) skills " Ball Juggling skills 2. SKILL GAMES 15mins # These games are designed to be high energy, fun activities that reinforce the basic techniques. 3. SMALL-SIDED GAMES 30mins # Each practice should conclude with a small-sided game. The size of the field should be about 30x20 and the teams should be 3v3, 4v4, or 5v5 with or without goalkeepers. 4. COOL DOWN 5mins Spend five minutes at the end of each session making sure that all of your players enjoyed themselves. Do a fun cool down, reinforce basic technical points, have a group huddle and say goodbye. Try to notice something good about everyone's performance. Give yourselves a cheer. Remind the players about the time and field for Saturday s game. COACHING POINTS TECHNIQUE! Maintain close control with both feet.! Be agile, stay on toes.! Use all parts of feet, inside, outside, laces, sole.! Move to get behind balls path.! Keep a soft contact.! Concentrate on center of ball.! Keep head up.! Encourage Two-Touch: Control ball first, don t just kick it away. o One touch to settle, one to play. o One touch for me, one touch more you.! Change direction and speed when turning.! Be a friend with the ball. SHOOTING! Keep toe pointing down and lock ankle.! Strike with shoelaces. o Aces hit with the laces.! Strike through center of ball.! Swing leg and follow through.! Keep relaxed except keep foot locked.! Accuracy before power.! Keep knee and head over ball.! Place standing foot alongside ball, not in front or behind.! Aim for bottom corners of goal.! Accuracy before power.! Follow after shooting; land on kicking foot.! Use foot closest to the ball. I.E. left or right foot. PASSING! Instep / Push Pass o Use inside of foot.! Outside of foot.! Change body position so it s comfortable.! Stay relaxed. Don t be like a robot.! Look at ball when passing.! Pass to other players, not just kick and hope.! Move afterwards.! Turn body to face ball and move toward ball when receiving.! Stay spread out. DRIBBLING! Encourage use of both feet.! Encourage use of all parts of foot o Inside o Outside (Pinky Toe) o Sole o Laces! Keep ball close.! Encourage change of pace when dribbling.! Encourage use of correct turns when dribbling o Hook o Cut o Pull-Back! Keep body loose.! Encourage risks. OFSA 1 ST GRADE, 2 ND GRADE, & 3 RD GRADE RECREATIONAL COACHING MANUAL 9

10 COACHING POINTS TECHNIQUE # Involves all skills of the game # Biomechanics of a skill # Progress by teaching motions with/without ball then add movement and pressure # Technique vs. Skill! Technique is taught! Skill is acquired Dribbling Coaching Points o Control of ball and body, Head up (awareness), Bent knees (balance), change of direction (use of proper foot), feints, change of pace, Body between ball and opponent (shielding), Sideways stance of body (shielding), Use of arms for balance and to make space, Bravery! Passing Coaching Points o Approach to ball, Ankle locked, toe point up, strike middle of ball (shorter passing), strike ball at angle for longer passing, strike bottom half of ball for longer passing, placement of non-kicking foot for short passing and long passing, head steady, eye contact. Receiving Coaching Points o First touch and importance of cushioning ball, take a touch away from pressure, first touch sets up 2nd touch, get in line with the ball, select controlling surface early, open body up to see as much of field as possible, read the path of the ball, keep ball moving-don t stop ball. Heading Coaching Points o Use top of forehead (hairline) to contact ball, Neck should be firm on contacting the ball, Keep eyes open, Head is moved forward-not up and down, Follow thru, Arms and elbows up for protection and thrust. Attacking-Head top half of ball and low, Defending-Head high, far, and away! Crossing Coaching Points o Preparation of ball, placement of non-striking foot, Striking foot is slightly bent (like a wedge), hips and shoulders face target, Eyes on ball, Strike ball with laces, land on striking foot. Finishing Coaching Points o Toe down, ankle locked, head, chest, and knee over ball, head is steady, strike top half-center of ball, land on striking foot, and placement of non-striking foot, and hit the target. OFSA 1 ST GRADE, 2 ND GRADE, & 3 RD GRADE RECREATIONAL COACHING MANUAL 10

11 HELPING PREPARE FOR THE FUTURE! In Just Let The Kids Play, Bob Bigelow it sites a research that was done with youth sports. In a survey done by the Institute for the Study of Youth Sports at Michigan State, children were asked why they quit a sport or a team. The top two reasons for both boys and girls were 1) they were no longer interested and 2) it was no longer fun.! This just isn t true for soccer, but for all youth sports. If we look at the first reason and their interest level and relate that to small sided games hopefully we can see one of the many reasons why reducing the numbers on a soccer field for the ages of 5-12 years old makes sense.! What this is about, however, is how this will improve our players from a developmental standpoint not only in getting more touches on the ball, but to prepare them tactically as well without really even teaching them tactics. The playing shapes of 4v4, 6v6, and 8v8 will teach by themselves how playing lines relate to the 11v11 match. So, in short, this article is not about teaching tactics to these younger players, but how the 4v4, 6v6, and 8v8 versions relate to the 11v11 game that we are all accustomed to. Teaching Shape and Style! As a progression, from the U6 and U8 age groups, players learn the shape of a triangle in both 3v3 and 4v4 play. In the 4v4 model, the diamond shape is the desired starting shape but as the game progresses, triangles are still present. Players in the 4v4 model learn the basic diamond shape and the importance of length, width, and depth.! Playing 6v6 instead of 8v8 is a better progression due to the fact that now players can start understanding how two playing lines relate to the 11v11 match. For example, let s say your formation is a 3-2. Three players who start behind the line of two players. In the 11v11 match, games are usually won or lost when linking or not linking with the midfielders happens on a consistent basis. As the players get older, the backs in particular, should always look to the forwards to see if they can connect. This, however, usually is offers the lowest percentage of keeping possession. So, the next logical choice to get the ball up the field is to pass to a midfielder. Then the midfielders now look to play the ball forward (length), if that is not on, then play the ball either back (depth) or across (width) in order to get around defenses. With a 3-2 formation, this connection of teaches players how to play through two thirds of the field. The backs playing into the midfield (building out of the back) or the midfield playing into the forwards (attacking in the final third).! The diagram below shows how the x s in two playing lines of 3 backs and 2 forward build out of the back. The central back has at least two options to get out of the back and to get the ball into midfield. These 5 players must work together and do so in a way that is something more than the Hail Mary approach of knocking the ball up to the biggest, fastest, strongest player. Then after getting the ball through the midfield, now the 3 backs become midfielders and the 2 midfielders become forwards. OFSA 1 ST GRADE, 2 ND GRADE, & 3 RD GRADE RECREATIONAL COACHING MANUAL 11

12 It teaches also how to defend in different thirds of the field. When teaching defending at the 11v11 stage, individual defending is a must before group defending can even be considered an idea. When group defending is taught, usually two playing lines work together. (i.e. 2 forwards-4 mids, 4 mids-4 backs). Teaching the importance of two playing lines is important to the real game. Once playing in lines of two (by the way is only suggested by yours truly) has been exposed to them they can now realistically progress to having 3 playing lines, which the 8v8 model presents. By once again, reducing the playing numbers, field sizes, their technical and tactical opportunities increase. If we keep their minds in the game, then they remain more interested. The fun element of being more actively involved is present because as a playing group, the all attack and all defend. Realistic experience + Fun=Improvement in Play. Now players move from the 8v8 game at U9/10 s to 11v11 on the real field. Having coached this transitions a time or two and after observing numerous U11/12 matches, it only makes sense to not only reduce the fields, but the playing numbers. The ball takes an unusual amount of time getting from one half to the other unless you utilize the Hail Mary approach and just knock it to the biggest, strongest, fastest player, have them run onto it and then score. You may win games, but are you really developing them? Most players in these age groups can strike a ball accurately around yards with their strong foot. Yet, we have them play on a field that is in some cases 120 yards long and the distance between the front line and the back line sometimes can get up to yards, players naturally will still bunch up because they simply can t connect with each other. With 8v8, and a smaller playing field, not only will they be able to connect with more realism, but the possibilities of combinations, the importance of midfield play, flank play, and the movement between all of the players becomes more in sync. By reducing the field size and the numbers, real linking between back players and the forward line can happen. So, now when a ball is played up to the forwards, because at U9/10 they learned that when the front line has the ball, they need support, more players will move into supporting positions earlier in order to get in behind defenses. If the possibility of playing up to the front is not on, now they can then link with the midfielders and develop play in the midfield. By doing this, we put our players under more decisions that they have to make for themselves increasing their own interest level because they are now an active participant in the game and simple have to play. The goalkeeper instead of staying back on his/her line now is forced to also take a more active role and playing as a sweeper in addition to his/her goalkeeping responsibilities. The diagram below has the x s playing in a formation (3 playing lines). The o s are in a formation. The left back, if you will for the x s has an opportunity to play the ball forward to the one of the two forwards. Because in the 6v6 model, when the forward players received a ball, they learned how to link up with other forward player. As you can see as well, when the x forward player that is the closest to their goal receives the ball, they have two good options. One would be to play the ball back to the opposite midfielder and the second would be to combine with the other forward player who originally gave them the ball. There are more options as the armchair central midfielder might be able to explore, but the point is that because they learned how to play in two playing lines in the 6v6 model, now when you only add two more players to the mix, not only is the possibility of them seeing their options clearly, but they will probably have more success in doing so. OFSA 1 ST GRADE, 2 ND GRADE, & 3 RD GRADE RECREATIONAL COACHING MANUAL 12

13 More importantly we put them on the field that is more realistic for the physical abilities that will encourage creating soccer players with their own minds to create how to score goals which we know is one of the biggest critiques of soccer to the uneducated fan. In the same diagram, sure it may be a longer pass, but it is a pass to someone s feet and they learn how to play in front of defenses instead of relying on playing the ball behind the defenders having someone run onto it in an attempt to score. Now, when the players go into the 11v11 match they may have, can say will in all cases, the ability to see where the little games of 4v4, 6v6, and 8v8 play into the real game. The point is, give these players time to develop into playing the real game. This is one way where, as a country, we will truly start developing soccer players and not just kids that play soccer because there is a difference. Now they are making up the script, figuring out how to make decisions on the field with their own minds. So, what is the goal? Is it to create soccer players? I think that it is a little bit of creating soccer players, players who now will appreciate the game on a little different level, which will in the long run create an even larger base of soccer fans in this country. Don t we want our kids to be life long fans of the game instead of dropping out at the age of 14 only because when they were younger they didn t get the opportunity to truly play? So, let s not rush them into making too many decisions when on the field. Their minds are already full enough off of the field. OFSA 1 ST GRADE, 2 ND GRADE, & 3 RD GRADE RECREATIONAL COACHING MANUAL 13

14 Small-Sided Games 3v3, 4v4, or 5v5 with or without a Goalkeeper Every practice should conclude with a small-sided game. Remember that the game is the best teacher of all. Your main aim is to create a SAFE, FUN, EDUCATIONAL environment in which your players can develop. This should be the largest portion of your practice about thirty minutes in length. Organization Equipment: Use cones to clearly mark out the area of the field. Use upright cones or flags as goals and place them about 6 feet apart. Use pinneys to avoid confusion amongst players. Be flexible with your playing time your main aim is that all players have a positive experience. You can vary the playing periods and make sure to allow time for substitutions and water breaks. Use the parents have the parents stand around the perimeter of the field and stop the ball and players from disappearing into the wilderness. " 3v3 will promote players touching the ball and being involved as much as possible. " Keep instructions clear and to a minimum and use your enthusiasm to keep all players motivated. " Give the teams names and generate excitement without putting emphasis on outcome. " Always stress the importance of fair play and sportsmanship and have the players shake hands/high five at the end of each game. " By the end of your session make sure that all your players have achieved some measure of success. Call the team in for a group huddle and say goodbye. Handout Section " Curriculum Unit: 8-Week Practice Plan Curriculum " Supplemental Material o Skill Specific Practice Plans Suitable for Kids 14 and Under o Glossary of Terms OFSA 1 ST GRADE, 2 ND GRADE, & 3 RD GRADE RECREATIONAL COACHING MANUAL 14

15 Handout Section " Curriculum Unit #1 o 8-Week Practice Plan Curriculum OFSA 1 ST GRADE, 2 ND GRADE, & 3 RD GRADE RECREATIONAL COACHING MANUAL 15

16 United States Youth Soccer Association Practice Plan Name: Date: Age Group: Theme: Activity 1 st Activity (warm-up) Simon Says In a rectangular area play Simon Says with the team. If a player does something they are not supposed to issue them a Gotcha! Play to see who can get the least Gotcha s. Examples of activities include dribbling in the area, change direction, stop the ball with your. Even throw in some trick one s like kick the ball as far away as you can. Progressions: 1 min. w/o ball, 1 min. w/ball at hands, 4 w/ball at feet 2 nd Activity Monster Turnaround In the same area have everyone dribbling around with a ball. Two monsters (coaches) should be moving around in the area as well. Players get a point for dribbling at the monsters and executing a turn without being tagged by the monster. Play for 30 seconds. Progressions: Play to try to beat your own score. Turn using the sole of foot. Turn using outside of foot. 3 rd Activity Tigerball Each player has a ball except for the Tigers. At the coach s signal, the tigers (2) try to steal a ball from one of the other players. To win it, he must steal the ball with his feet and then hold it above his head in his hands. The tiger should then take the ball to the coach. Now, both players are tigers. Plan until only two people are left and then those players are the next tigers. Progressions: Use only left foot, outsides of feet, soles of feet. 4 th Activity Soccer Golf Set up a golf course in the area and have the players golf in pairs. In order to complete a hole the players could be asked to pass their ball into a corner flag or to make the ball stop in a small grid. Coaching Points! Have the players do several actions like clapping in between your legs and skipping to increase body awareness! The players should be able to turn with the: o Sole of the foot o Inside of the foot o Outside of the foot! After players turn they should accelerate to get away from the monster! When someone is trying to stop their ball from being taken away, can they keep their body in between the ball and the defender?! Requiring the players to hit a corner flag to finish out a hole demands accuracy! Requiring players to play the ball so that it stops in a small square demands that they play the ball with the proper amount of pace (weight) 5 th Activity (the game) Numbers Game Split the players into two teams and have them stand on opposite endlines. The game is played on a small soccer field. Assign each player a number on each end (1-5 on one side and 1-5 on the other side). Play a ball into the area and call out a number; those players must then sprint onto the field and play 1v1. Play until a goal is scored or the ball goes out of bounds. Progressions: Have more than one 1v1 game going on at the same time. Call out two numbers. Mix up the numbers.! Don t be afraid to have more than one 1v1 going on at the same time! Encourage players to shoot whenever they have a clear line of sight to the goal Scrimmage 3v3 or 4v4

17 United States Youth Soccer Association Practice Plan Name: Date: Age Group: Theme: Activity 1 st Activity (warm-up) Island Game Use disc cones to set up small islands (small squares) in a large playing area. Have everyone dribble around in the area. On the coaches signal everyone must dribble with speed to an island; however, only two people are allowed per island. The player (or two) who does not get to an island scores one minus point. Play to see who has the least minus points. Progressions: Start game without balls and then add them. 2 nd Activity Ball Stealing Split the team into two groups and give one group red vests and one group blue vests. Give one of the teams balls to dribble. Those players try to dribble inside the area without losing possession of their ball to the other team. The objective is to see which team, red or blue, has the most balls at the end. Players from the same team can work together to steal balls or to keep possession (passing???). Progressions: Rotate who starts with the balls. 3 rd Activity Everyone vs. Everyone Set up several small gates in the playing area. Give half to threequarters of the team a ball. Players with a ball try to dribble/shoot through as many of the small gates as they can. Players without a ball try to steal a ball from someone who has one and then they try to score. Play multiple games and allow everyone to have a chance to beat their own score. Progressions: Define how goals are scored - by dribbling or shooting. 4 th Activity Edge of the World Each player gets a ball and stands on one sideline of an area. The objective is for everyone to pass their ball so that is stops as close to the other sideline as possible. If the ball goes past the sideline it falls off the edge of the world. Players gets points for getting their ball within one yard (distance depends upon ability) of the line without going over. Progressions: Players play ball with laces, inside of foot, etc. 5 th Activity (the game) Outta There In a 25 x 15 yard grid with a goal at each end, play 1v1. The coach stands on the touchline with a supply of ball and a small line of players on each side. The coach plays a ball in and the first person from each line plays 1v1. If a player scores they stay on and the other person leaves. A ball is immediately played back into the game. If the ball goes out of bounds both players are outta there. This should be a very fast paced game. Progressions: Start with 1v1 and progress to 2v2. Coaching Points! When dribbling for speed the players do not have to dribble the ball as close! Their should be about five or six steps in between each touch of the ball! When someone is trying to stop their ball from being taken away, can they keep their body in between the ball and the defender?! If you are going to lose your ball can you find a teammate to give your ball to?! Don t tell the players that they can t dribble through the same gate twice, see if anyone is creative and dribbles through the same gate back and forth! As soon as players go through a gate they should look up to find an open gate and then go for it!! Instead of having a line you could also have an end zone that the players try to get their ball to stop in! This game should be very fast paced! As soon as the ball goes out of bounds throw another ball in immediately! The coach is the master of the balls, look to see for players that aren t having a lot of success and distribute the ball straight to them! Vary how balls are distributed into the playing area Scrimmage 3v3 or 4v4

18 United States Youth Soccer Association Practice Plan Name: Date: Age Group: Theme: Activity 1 st Activity (warm-up) Ball Retrieval The coach tosses the ball for each player to bring back with his or her hands, elbow, forehead, etc. Have all the players gather closely around you, but not in a line. Each one hands you their ball, which you toss randomly into an open area where they have to go retrieve it and bring it back to you in the manner that you specify as quickly as possible. Progressions: Bring the ball back with two hands, one hand and one forehead, right foot only, etc. The coach should move around the area. Play in pairs now that the children are older. 2 nd Activity Hospital Tag All players have a ball and are dribbling in an area. The coach is the doctor and stands outside the area. Players dribble in the area and try to tag each other. When tagged, the person has to hold that body part. Once a player is tagged for the third time they go to the doctor and do a task before coming back in. Play to see who can visit the doctor the least. Progressions: Can only dribble with one foot, outsides of feet, soles. 3 rd Activity Crew vs. Riverhounds (from U6) Split the team into two groups and have them spread out and face each other. Between the two groups set up several large cones. One of the groups needs balls. On the coaches command one of the groups (make up names for them) strikes the ball and tries to topple as many cones as they can. The other team collects the balls and after the coach sets the cones back up they do the same activity. Progressions: Must strike ball with laces or inside of foot only. 4 th Activity Soccer Marbles Everyone needs to be in pairs with a ball for everyone. One player plays their ball and the other person tries to play their ball and hit the first ball while it is still moving. If the person misses the first person quickly goes to their ball and tries to play it to hit the second players ball. Players get a point each time they hit the ball. Progressions: Must strike ball with laces, inside of foot, left foot only, etc. 5 th Activity (the game) GK Game Set up several small 10 x 20 yard fields and have the team play 2v2 in them. When a team is on defense they have to have one person drop back and be a goalie. When the defender steals the ball he passes the ball back to the goalie and they then start to attack. While this is happening the other team is having someone drop back into their goal. Comments: Have several games going at once and rotate the teams so everyone two person teams gets to play all the other teams. Coaching Points! After a few commands the coach should move to force the players to look up before heading back! This game is great for teaching body awareness, it s fun for the kids too!! Start off by just asking the players to bring the ball back, see if anyone thinks to just pick it up and run it to you?! Typically, this game is an elimination game. The players that get their balls kicked out first have to sit. The players that are eliminated first though are the players that need the most help with their shielding technique. The hospital gives them a chance to get back into the game and continue to practice.! If the teams are having trouble hitting cones put more down! Can the players lock their ankles (toes should be pointed up) and follow through in the direction of the target?! Can the players lock their ankles (toes should be pointed up) and follow through in the direction of the target?! Physically demanding game! The nature of the game demands instant transition from attack to defense Scrimmage 3v3 or 4v4