Nordic Experiences of Salt Use for Winter Maintenance of Bicycle Paths Pohjoismaisia kokemuksia suolan käytöstä pyöräteiden talvihoidossa
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1 Nordic Experiences of Salt Use for Winter Maintenance of Bicycle Paths Pohjoismaisia kokemuksia suolan käytöstä pyöräteiden talvihoidossa Göran Blomqvist Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute VTI Tine Damkjær Danish Road Directorate Katja Rekilä Norwegian Public Roads Administration NPRA Co-Author: Anna Niska Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute VTI
2 Winterservice on Bicycle paths in Denmark
3 Winter Weather in Denmark
4 Bicycle paths in Denmark Road Directorate is responsible for about 800 km. Municipalities is responsible for about 9000 km. Bike trafic low in wintertime
5 Analysing Winter strategies City of Aalborg Out calls : 69 Number of call outs States Road Road Directorate Out calls : 40 Result: Many different strategies if any City of Vordingborg Out calls : 9
6 Different kind of service on different paths Service level I Winterservice every day and 24/7 Preventive salting Service level II Winterservice from Starts when slippery has occurred
7 Different kind of service on different paths Service level III Lokal paths - only in weekdays and in daytime Service level IV Only exceptionally and after all other paths are done
8 Cooperating with the municipalities Vintercentral is located in Aalborg And call out for the hole country Call out at the same time at the municipalities near by. Benefit for the cyclists? Same level of service
9 Why, when and how much dosage
10 Future project Determination of residual salt on cycle path in cooperation with Copenhagen Municipality 2,35 m 1. Test field 2. Test field 3. Test field 2,45 m 2,55 m 50 cm 100 cm 100 cm Ca. 20 cm Ca. 20 cm
11 Thank you
12 Nordic experiences Sweden Anna Niska, Ida Järlskog & Göran Blomqvist, VTI
13 VTI Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute The Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute: is an assignment-based authority under the Ministry of Enterprise, Energy and Communications. founded 1923
14 Increase cycling during wintertime
15 Seriously injured cyclists due to skidding
16 This sums up into: Two facts, two goals and one restriction: Increase cycling during wintertime! Ice, snow, gravel and leaves lead to accidents! Attractive road surface conditions! Satisfying friction! Minimum of salt exposure!
17 Traditional winter maintenance Ploughing for snow clearance and gritting for skid control
18 Grit from winter maintenance in the springtime
19 Brooming and salting
20 Salted compared to unsalted bike path
21 Evaluation methods by VTI in Stockholm projects Drivers experience, protocol Road condition observations Measurements of friction Salt measurements Interviews/Questionnaires Accident analysis Bicycle counts
22 The standard of the road surface will influence the success:
23 Developing technology, material and methods
24 How can we know if we are doing the right things
25 The need for follow-up methods Important questions for the maintenance vehicle driver: - Is the temperature (road surface) as predicted? - Is the wetness (road surface) as predicted? - Am I spreding what I think I am spreding?
26 Thank you for your attention!
27 Nordic experiences of salt use for winter maintenance of bicycle path: Trondheim, NO Katja Rekilä Directorate of Public Roads, Norwegian Public Roads Administration (NPRA) Winter Road Congress 2018
28 Nordic experiences of salt use on cycle path Introducing new standard in 2015 Photo: Ida Skolmli Photo: S. H. Nedrelo, Winter Road Congress 2018
29 Trondheim February 2016 Before snowfall Traditional standard New bare road standard Photos: Ida Skolmli Winter Road Congress 2018
30 Trondheim February 2016 During snowfall Traditional standard New bare road standard Photos: Ida Skolmli Winter Road Congress 2018
31 Trondheim February 2016 After snowfall Traditional standard New bare road standard Photos: Ida Skolmli Winter Road Congress 2018
32 Trondheim February 2016 Just two days before.. Traditional standard New bare road standard Photos: Ida Skolmli Winter Road Congress 2018
33 Nordic experiences of salt use on cycle paths Introducing new standard in 2015 Increased requirements for effort: Winter Road Congress 2018
34 Trondheim February 2016 Before snowfall Photo: Ida Skolmli Winter Road Congress 2018
35 Trondheim February 2016 During snowfall Feb 1 st :51 Photo: Ida Skolmli Winter Road Congress 2018
36 Trondheim February 2016 After snowfall Feb 2 nd :28 5 hours of not removing the snow Only using broom afterwards is not enough Photo: Ida Skolmli Winter Road Congress 2018
37 Winter Road Congress 2018
38 Nordic experiences of salt use on cycle paths Introducing new standard in 2015 Increased requirements for effort: Winter Road Congress 2018
39 Nordic experiences of salt use on cycle paths Introducing new standard in 2015 Increased requirements for effort Bare road required introducing salt Photo: Ida Skolmli Photo: Knut Opeide Winter Road Congress 2018
40 Nordic experiences of salt use on cycle paths Introducing new standard in 2015 Increased requirements for effort Bare road required introducing salt Bigger and heavier equipment? Winter Road Congress 2018
41 Nordic experiences of salt use on cycle paths And the result? NRK Trøndelag Winter Road Congress 2018
42 Nordic experiences of salt use on cycle paths And the result? Photo: Terje Giæver Winter Road Congress 2018
43 Nordic experiences of salt use on cycle paths And the result? Photos: Kai Rune Lysbakken Winter Road Congress 2018
44 Nordic experiences of salt use on cycle paths What causes these damages? Old bike paths Already existing damages caused by: Frost heave Photo: Terje Giæver Winter Road Congress 2018
45 Nordic experiences of salt use on cycle paths What causes these damages? Old bike paths Already existing damages caused by: Frost heave Low bearing capacity Photo: Terje Giæver Winter Road Congress 2018
46 Nordic experiences of salt use on cycle paths What causes these damages? Old bike paths Already existing damages caused by: Frost heave Low bearing capacity Permanent deformation Photo: Terje Giæver Photo: Terje Giæver Winter Road Congress 2018
47 Nordic experiences of salt use on cycle paths What causes these damages? Old bike paths Already existing damages caused by: Frost heave Low bearing capacity Permanent deformation Photo: Terje Giæver Winter Road Congress 2018
48 Nordic experiences of salt use on cycle paths Salting accelerates the degradation 2014: 2016: Photo: City of Trondheim Photo: NRK Winter Road Congress 2018
49 Nordic experiences of salt use on cycle paths Causes of degradation? Figure: GUY DORÉ et. al., Role of Deicing Salt in Pavement Deterioration by Frost Action, TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD Winter Road Congress 2018
50 Nordic experiences of salt use on cycle paths Conclusions In a climate where temperature varies frequently around 0 the salting helps to keep the bike paths clear from snow and ice What to take into account when introducing salting? Evaluation of condition of the road construction Quality of the road surface (evenness, cracking ++) The size and weight of the winter service vehicles Winter Road Congress 2018
51 Nordic experiences of salt use on cycle paths Conclusions Always base your choice of winter maintenance actions on the condition of the road/bike path Winter Road Congress 2018
52 Thank you!
53 CONGRESS ORGANIZERS COMING NEXT Developing Winter Maintenance of Bicycle Paths
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