Simulation of oil products separation from fibrous sorbent material centrifugally

Transcription

1 Ata Montanistia Sovaa Voume (06), number 3, Simuation of oi produts separation from fibrous sorbent materia entrifugay Boris Sentyakov, Aexandr Repko, Vadisav Sviatskii 3, Maroš Sodán 4 and Yury Nikitin 5 The paper deas with eotehnoogy on the exampe of the proess of separating the fibre sorbent materia from oi produts by the entrifuga method for the mining industry. For mathematia modeing of the proess of entrifuga separation of oi-ontaining produts from fibrous sorbent unit, a probem of finding how the produtivity of the proess depends on the radius of the entrifuge perforated drum, transverse dimensions of sorbent units, drum anguar speed, a visosity of the fuid and nomina diameter of a apiary, was soved. The basi assumption in the probem soution was that the fibrous sorbent units are onsidered as a set of yindria apiaries of a ertain ength and diameter arranged radiay. It is aso beieved that every apiary is initiay ompetey and uniformy fied with a iquid. It is found that the produtivity of the proess signifianty inreases with inreasing the average diameter of the fibres forming the fibrous sorbent artie, and aso with inreasing radius and anguar speed of the entrifuge perforated drum and reduing the transverse dimension of the fibrous sorbent unit. It was made an experimenta stand of entrifuga separation pant for oi produts from fibrous sorbent materia. The use of this method wi inrease the effiieny of ombating oi poution for the mining industry. Key words: eotehnoogy, oi produts, sorbent units; separation of iquid; entrifuga method; regeneration proess. Introdution Crude oi has a notieabe negative impat on the eosystems of the geosphere and the hydrosphere. The effet is mainy reated to the extration, transporting and proessing of oi. Regardess of the deveopment and empoyment of ow-waste tehnoogies in oi refineries; upgrading of petroeum prodution tehnoogy; improvement of the proesses for storage and transportation of oi and petroeum produts; advaned ativities for oaization and eimination of aidenta spis, as a whoe poution of water reservoirs with rude oi remains dangerousy high (Angeova, 0). Oiy wastewater is one of the environmenta onerns today. As one of the most important goba soures of energy and raw materia for industries, any oi spiage or ineffiient extration impies not ony environmenta issues but aso an eonomi oss (Akhzat et a., 006). By now, various tehnoogies, suh as absorption, fitration, membrane tehnoogy and physia, mehania, bioogia and photohemia method were proposed for oiy wastewater treatment (Yim et a., 0) and (Han et a., 05). The most ommon way is done by absorption or fitration using porous sorbents (Zhang et a., 04). A arge number of syntheti poymers inuding poypropyene, poyester, poyurethane and various aryi and oefin resin have been reported as the oi sorbents with high apaity of oi absorption (Sabir, 05) and (Haoyi et a., 04). The use and transport of rude petroeum and petroeum produts have ed to an inreasing amount of spiages of various saes. Petroeum-spis may ontaminate arge areas of the sea, as we as the shores where it is eventuay washed up. This an ause major environmenta probems due to the toxiity of many ompounds in petroeum to aquati organisms, birds and humans (Lin et a., 0) and (Wu et a., 04). Moreover, the toxi voatie onstituents of petroeum spis an evaporate and as a onsequene, ause atmospheri poution. Thus, ean-up of petroeum spis from the water surfae is an important task. Different methods an be used for the remova of petroeum from the water surfae, for exampe, therma, bioogia, mehania and physiohemia (using oaguants and adsorbent materias) tehniques (Sayed, Zayed, 006) and (Gammound et a., 007). So far, removing of petroeum spis by adsorbent materias is the most safety and effetive proesses (Ray et a., 008) and (Fegner et a., 05). Environmenta ontamination ours during oi and gas prodution as oi is transferred to the environment by transportation, refining, and use (Ibrahim, Wang, 00) and (Banerjee et a., 006). Oi is usuay removed Prof. Boris Sentyakov, D.S., Dean of the Fauty of Tehnoogy of Votkinsk Branh of Kaashnikov Izhevsk State Tehnia University, Russia, sentyakov@inbox.ru Prof. Aexandr Repko, D.S., Diretor of Votkinsk Branh of Kaashnikov Izhevsk State Tehnia University, Russia, aeksrepko@ramber.ru 3 Vadisav Sviatskii Ph.D., asso. prof., of the department "Tehnoogy of mehania engineering and instrument making" Votkinsk Branh of Kaashnikov Izhevsk State Tehnia University, Russia, svad-000@yandex.ru 4 Prof., Maroš Sodán, PhD., Fauty of Materias Siene and Tehnoogy, Sovak University of Tehnoogy, Trnava, Sovakia, dmaros.sodan@stuba.sk 5 Yury Nikitin, Ph.D., asso. prof., of the department "Mehatroni Systems" of Kaashnikov Izhevsk State Tehnia University, Russia, nikitin@istu.ru 38

2 Ata Montanistia Sovaa Voume (06), number 3, from wastewater before disharge to the environment to meet the maximum aowabe imit of oi and grease in water as required by oa enforing ageny (Šotés, Harčáriková, 05). Topia issue of eotehnoogy is the oetion of oi poution, and then separating the fibrous sorbent materia from oi produts. The proess of regeneration of fibrous sorbent units by the use of a entrifuga method is desribed as foows. Saturated with oi or oi produt fibrous sorbing materia shaped ike a boom yinder or pad is paed in a perforated yindria drum (Sviatskii et a., 05) and (Sviatskii et a., 06). Depending on the size of the drum, severa units an be oaded as one portion. The drum, whih axis is paed vertiay, is rotated. Beause of entrifuga fores the iquid, seeping between eementary fibres, moves toward the periphera surfae of the drum and eaves the drum through the formed therein set of sma-diameter hoes, aumuating in a reservoir. To estabish engineering methods for auation and design of arrangements for the regeneration of oisaturated fibrous sorbent units by means of the entrifuging proess, it is neessary to reate the main tehnia harateristis of the entrifuga arrangements with the properties of the fibrous sorbent units and iquids subjeted to separation. A simiar probem, how to evauate the effetiveness of a entrifuga drying of timber, has been soved by Oti Moto P.M. (Oti Moto, 006), (Oti Moto, 007) and (Oti Moto, 04). In the reent researh the struture of a rea unit, moisture from whih removes under the ation of entrifuga fore, is simuated by a set of yindria apiaries, whih greaty simpifies the soution of our probem. In our ase, the sorbing eementary fibres are randomy intertwined. Hene the openings between them, fied with a iquid during the adsorption proess, are of not reguar geometry. This wi require making some assumptions that simpify the rigour anaytia soution but wi ead to greater, than in (Sviatskii et a., 05), (Sviatskii et a., 06) and (Oti Moto, 007) auation error ompared with the experimenta data. The paper (Straka, 04) investigated potentia reative materias for the remova of heavy metas from ontaminated water. In the most widespread tehnoogies existing today, the spinneret way is used for fibre reation. This method manages to get a fibre diameter of approximatey 0.05 mm, but their weak point is the high prodution osts. Patented prodution method aows to obtain a fibre diameter of 0,0-0,0 mm and thinner for a fration of the traditiona ost (Inotomsk.ru, 06). Therefore, the proposed sorbent is omposed of finer fibres, having a very high surfae area and, respetivey, higher absorption apaity. He surpasses the existing Russian and word anaogues in oi intensities and heath. The proposed highy effetive sorbent - a syntheti fibrous materia made on TU from the soure of raw materias: goods poypropyene, poyethene terephthaate, waste produts of poypropyene and poyethene terephthaate. The sorbent is a fine-fibred suh vata mass. Coour from ight grey to dark grey (oouress raw materias). The buk density of the sampe fibrous materias is between 60 and 74 kg/m at porosity from 8 % to 8.5%. It is designed for the prodution of fiter materias and other produts for eaning of water, air and soi from poution with oi produts, heavy metas. The materia is reovered, its properties are ompetey restored after mehania pressing, whih an be repeated up to 50 times. Coets amount of poution, by mass up to times of its weight. Muh easier to water and foats on its surfae. Unike simiar materias an be used at temperatures beow zero. Instaation for produing fibrous poymeri sorbent ontains extruder with a rotating fibre maker, site of deposition of the finished produt and a reeiving devie that aows you to impement a «met bowing» - drag dispersion of poymer met from a number of poypropyene, poyarbonate, poyethyene terephthaate. The patented prodution method invoves 90% use standard equipment for proessing waste, whih resuts in a onsideraby ower ost of prodution and aows to offer this produt to the end onsumer at a reativey heap prie. So here is an opportunity to save osts and to preserve ompetitive advantages. Sorbents an be manufatured in various forms: in the form of ros, ushions, bags, mats and so on, depending on the harateristis and needs of the ustomers. When paing sorbent on the ontaminated surfae water, oi is absorbed by the struture of the fibres and the water starts, thus, the buoyany of the sorbent is improving. Adsorbent on base of fibrous poymer materias (VPM) is intended for manufaturing of fitering and absorbing eements for purifiation of water, oet petroeum produts from the surfae of water basins and pouted by oi and petroeum areas. As the materia is hydrophobi, it wi absorb oi, repeing water, and wi aways remain afoat, whih is important when oeting oi from the water area. Adsorbent an be appied as a onstituent eement of the boom, abe not ony to sove the probem of oaization of oi spi and oi produts on water surfae, but aso prevent their oss due to the absorption apaity of the adsorbent and the possibiity of subsequent separation of hydroarbons by the method of mehania squeezing or entrifugation. The advantages of this produt inude ow ost, high sorption apaity and fu utiization when used in road onstrution without ausing damage to the environment. Adsorbent an aso be used as a highy effiient fitration omponent in the struture of ompete devies in the systems of iruating water suppy (Inotomsk.ru, 06). 39

3 Boris Sentyakov, Aexandr Repko, Vadisav Sviatskii, Maroš Sodán and Yury Nikitin: Simuation of oi produts separation from fibrous sorbent materia entrifugay The researh resuts wi hep to dea effetivey with the remova of oi produts from water pumped from the mine during mining operations, with industria water purifiation, used in the repair and prodution of minera resoures and the refining of surfae water and groundwater when aidents our, et.. Materia and methods A graphia mode of fibrous sorbent units regeneration by the entrifuga method is shown in Figure. At this stage of our researh, the task was to determine the dependene of the proess produtivity G of separation of iquid from the fibrous sorbent unit entrifugay in terms of effetive radius R of entrifuge perforated drum, the transverse dimension of the sorbent unit L = R - R, drum anguar speed ω, the visosity of the sorbed fuid η, and apiary diameter d. Perforated drum Fibrous absorbent unit The basi assumption in the probem soution is that the fibrous sorbent unit under regeneration is onsidered as a set of yindria apiaries of ength L and diameter d, arranged radiay. We aso assume that initiay every apiary is ompetey and uniformy fied with iquid. Considering an eementary iquid oumn of diameter d and height d r taken at a distane r from the axis of rotation of the drum, we determine the entrifuga fore ating on it: df = dmω r () Fig.. Graphia mode of regeneration proess. where mass dm of an eementary oumn of iquid is defined as the produt of its voume by the density ρ of iquid dm = 0. 5ρπd dr. () Substituting () in (), we have: df = 0. 5ρπd ω rdr. (3) After integration of the expression (3) in the imits R and R we find entrifuga fore ating on the oumn of iquid ontained in the apiary: F = 0. 5ρπd ω (R R ). (4) 40

4 Ata Montanistia Sovaa Voume (06), number 3, Under the ation of this fore, the fuid moves through the apiary and eaves the drum. Consequenty, the pressure drop, whih affets the expiring of iquid, an be determined as the ratio of the fore to the area of a apiary: ΔP =. (5) 4 F /ππ From expressions (5) and (4) we have: ΔP = 0. 5ρω (R R ). (6) With anguar speed ω expressed in terms of the number n of the drum revoutions, ω=πn, expression (6) beomes: ΔP = π n ρ (R R ). (7) The voume of iquid of visosity η, squeezing through a apiary of ength L = R -R and the radius r = d / during time t under the ation of pressure drop ΔP, is determined by the Poiseuie s formua: V 4 πr ΔPt 8η(R R =. (8) ) Note that the vaidity of the use of formua (8) in the onsidering ase of expiry of iquid through the apiary may require further disussion. The fat is that as the iquid outfow from the apiary, the entrifuga fore ating on the iquid remaining in the apiary, dereases, and therefore the pressure drop ΔP in the numerator of the formua (8) in reaity is not onstant but dereases from the maximum vaue ΔP to zero. Paed in the denominator of formua (8), the apiary ength L aso is not onstant - it dereases as the iquid expires, from the maximum vaue of L = R - R to zero. However, aws of hange of these vaues are different, athough they have simiar imits. Therefore, the vaidity of the formua (8) wi be onsidered as onditionay proven. If we assume that a apiary is ompetey fied with iquid before the entrifugation proess, the voume of the iquid is: V = πr (R R ). (9) Equating the right-hand sides of the expressions (8) and (9), we obtain a formua for the determination the fu-time t of the expiry of iquid through the apiary, whih an be regarded as duration of a iquid separation proess from the fibrous sorbent units: t 8η(R R ) r ΔP From expressions (0) and (7) we have: t =. (0) 4η(R π n R ) =. () r (R + R )ρ The effetive apiary radius r in formua () depends on the average diameter d f of an eementary fibre of whih the fibrous sorbent is omposed, and is determined by the use of previousy obtained experimenta data of Tabe. 4

5 Boris Sentyakov, Aexandr Repko, Vadisav Sviatskii, Maroš Sodán and Yury Nikitin: Simuation of oi produts separation from fibrous sorbent materia entrifugay Test number d f, diameter of fibre [m] Tab.. The dependene of the radius r of the apiary es from the fibre diameter d f. m oi, mass of m f, mass of fibre [kg] oeted oi [kg] К s, sorption oeffiient (determined experimentay) r, effetive apiary radius [m] Produtivity G of the entrifuga proess of separation of iquid from the fibrous sorbent units is determined by the formua: G V K sep =, () t where К sep = determined experimentay separation fator, whih indiates what part of the iquid is separated from the fibrous sorbent units in the proess of entrifugation; V - the voume of iquid separated from the fibrous sorbent units during entrifugation, whih depends on the sorption oeffiient K s : m = Ksm f or ρ KsV fρ f V =, (3) where ρ f =0-30 kg/m 3 density of fibrous sorbent unit, V f = πh(r -R ) voume of fibrous sorbent unit, paed in the entrifuge drum of height H. From (3) we have: V KsπH(R R ) ρ f /ρ =. (4) Substituting vaues for V (4) and t () in (), after simpifiations we obtain a formua for the produtivity G (m 3. s - ) of the entrifuga proess of separation of iquid from the fibrous sorbent units with speified harateristis: 3 π KsKsepH(R + R ) ρ f n r G =. (5) 4η 3. Resuts and disussion Anaysing the formua (5), we note that the produtivity of the oi separation from the fibrous sorbent units depends on the dynami visosity η of the oi, whih an vary from to 8 mpa.s, depending on the fied and temperature. Apparenty, the produtivity of the proess signifianty inreases with inreasing the average diameter of the eementary fibres forming the fibrous sorbent units. A signifiant inrease in proess produtivity an be ahieved by inreasing the radius and anguar speed of the perforated drum of a entrifuge and reduing the transverse dimensions of the fibre sorbent units. It was made an experimenta stand of entrifuga separation pant for oi produts from fibrous sorbent materia to verify the resuts of the above simuation. Due to the fat that the experimenta study of the separation of oi iquids from fibrous sorbent materia is made in the aboratory at room temperature using a sma sampe of sorbent arties has been simpified experimenta stand onstrution. Perforated drum experimenta stand is yindria - shaped without es to aommodate arge items in the form of yindria booms and without nozze arrangements for the suppy of steam or hot air. This simpified experimenta design of the stand wi perform an experimenta verifiation of the resuts of mathematia modeing of the proess of separation of oi iquids from fibrous sorbent materia with minima ost and without ompromising the reiabiity of the resuts (Straka, 04). The base unit of experimenta stand entrifuga separation pant for oi produts from fibrous sorbent materia used a househod entrifuga juier. Driving test benh and its genera form are shown in Figure. Experimenta stand entrifuga separation pant for oi iquids from fibrous sorbent produts inudes pasti housing with quik over. The housing is paed an eetri motor 6 on the shaft 5 whih is rigidy fixed 4

6 Ata Montanistia Sovaa Voume (06), number 3, perforated drum 5. Quik reease over is fixed to the guard member 7 Tray draining. The kit aso inudes a stand for oeting iquid ontainer 8, whih is not shown in genera form. View of test benh top and bottom, with the removed proteting eements, are shown in Figure. At the bottom of the experimenta stand has three sef-aigning bearings, made of rubber, whih are intended to imit the transmission of vibrations from the operating stand of the surrounding devies and equipment. Fixing enosing member 7 is provided on the housing by means of three guide members shown in Figure right. Seuring the enosing member 7 on the housing is made by a hinged braket. Fig.. Genera view and the diagram of the experimenta stand entrifuga instaation. Fig. 3. The perforated drum. The main eement of the experimenta stand is a yindria entrifuga instaed perforated drum, a setion of whih the genera form shown in Figures 4-5. The perforated drum is made of ightweight auminium aoy and has an outer diameter 50 mmm and height 65 mm. The yindria surfae drum has 5887 hoes of mm diameter with a pith of mm. The interna avity of the drum was 000 m 3. The perforated drum was baaned to redue vibration during its rotation. 43

7 Boris Sentyakov, Aexandr Repko, Vadisav Sviatskii, Maroš Sodán and Yury Nikitin: Simuation of oi produts separation from fibrous sorbent materia entrifugay Fig. 4. Genera side view of the perforated drum. Fig. 5. Genera view of the perforated drum assemby removed from the experimenta stand over. Experimenta stand entrifuga instaation works as foows. Saturated iquid petroeum produt a sampe fibrous sorbent that is paed through a hoe in the top over of the stand into the inner avity of the perforated drum. The drum is rotationay driven. Under the infuene of entrifuga fores of the moving iquid petroeum sampe fibrous sorbent on the periphera surfae of the drum and the through-hoes on the surfae are moving into the inner avity enosing eement and further - into the reeptae. During the debugging of experimenta stand, it was found that perforated drum aeeration period up to the steady rotationa speed 800 rpm is 3-6 seonds, depending on the voume of the oaded sorbent therein fibrous speimen. It is found that effiient oading voume perforated drum is m 3 - a derease of oad eads to an inrease in estimation error squeezing ratio and magnifiation - to substantiay stand vibration during operation due to the vioation of the stand baaning indued inrease unbaaned mass of the sampe, as shown in Figure 6. 44

8 Ata Montanistia Sovaa Voume (06), number 3, Fig. 6. A typia vioation of the perforated drum baaning. 4. Conusion The probem of determining the dependene of performane iquid separation proess from the fibrous sorbent arties, operating radius perforated entrifuge drum, the transverse dimension of the sorbent arties anguar drum speed, visosity sorbed iquid and the nomina diameter of the apiary was soved by the mathematia modeing proess of separating oi from the fibrous sorbent arties by the entrifuga method. It is found that the produtivity of the proess signifianty inreases with inreasing the average diameter d of the fiaments forming the fibrous sorbent artie, and aso with inreasing radius and frequeny of rotation of the perforated basket entrifuge and reduing the transverse dimension of the fibrous sorbent produts. The use of this method wi inrease nrease the effiieny of ombating oi poution for the mining industry. Referenes Akhtar M., Bhanger M.I., Iqba, S., Hasany S.M.: Sorption potentia of rie husk for the remova of,4,4 dihoropheno from aqueous soutions: Kineti and thermodynami investigations, J. Hazard. Mater. B 8, pp. 44-5, 006 Angeova D., Uzunov I., Uzunova S., Gigova A., Minhev L.: Kinetis of oi o and oi produts adsorption by arbonized rie husks, Chem. Eng. J. 7 (), pp , 0 Banerjee, K., Joshi, M., Jayaram, R.: Treatment of oi spi by sorption tehnique using fatty aid grafted sawdust, Chemosphere 64 (6), pp , Fegner, P., Kačur, ur, J., Durdán, M., Laiak, M.: Appiation of adaptive fiters in rok separation by rotary driing proess identifiation. Ata Montanistia Sovaa, Voume 0 (05), number, pp , 38 ISSN , 05 Gammoun, A., Tahiri, S., Abizane, A., Azzi, M., Moros, J., Garrigues, S., de a Guardia, M.: Separation of motor ois, oiy wastes and hydroarbons from ontaminated water by sorption on hrome shavings, J. Hazard. Mater. 45, pp , 53, 007 Han, G., de Wit, J.S., Chung, T.S.: Water reamation from emusified oiy wastewater via effetive forward osmosis hoow fiber membranes under the PRO mode. Water Res., 8, pp , 63, 05 Haoyi, L., Weifeng, W., Bubakir, M.M., Hongbo, C., Xiangfeng, Z., Zhaoxiang, L., Yumei, D., Weimin, Y.: Poypropyene fibers fabriated via a needeess met-eetrospinning met eetrospinning devie for marine oi-spi oi eanup, J. App. Poym. Si., 3, pp ( 9), ( poimernykh-materiaov/ Husseien, M., Amer, A.A., E-Maghraby, Maghraby, A., Taha, N.A.: Avaiabiity of barey straw appiation on oi spi eanup, Int. J. Environ. iron. Si. Teh. 6 (), pp.3-30, pp Ibrahim, S., Wang, S.: Ang, H.M. Remova of emusified oi from oiy wastewater using agriutura waste barey straw, Biohem. Eng. J., 49 (), pp ,

9 Boris Sentyakov, Aexandr Repko, Vadisav Sviatskii, Maroš Sodán and Yury Nikitin: Simuation of oi produts separation from fibrous sorbent materia entrifugay Lin, J., Shang, Y., Ding, B., Yang, J., Yu, J., A-Deyab, S.S.: Nanoporous poystyrene fibers for oi spi eanup, Mar. Pout. Bu., 64, pp , 0 Oti Moto P.M.: Anaysis existing methods of drying and removing moisture from the timber, Proeedings of the St. Petersburg Forestry Aademy. Coetion of reports of young sientists at the annua sientifi onferene of the St. Petersburg Forestry Aademy: Vo.. St. Petersburg; SPbGLTA, pp. 98-0, 006 Oti Moto P.M.: Study of quaity of dehydrated timber during storage, Proeedings of the St. Petersburg Forestry Aademy. Arties of young sientists, seeted on the basis of annua sientifi onferene of the St. Petersburg Forestry Aademy number 3: Vo. 8 - St. Petersburg; SPbGLTA, pp , 007 Oti Moto P.M.: The eonomi effiieny of the entrifuga method of timber dehydration, Proeedings of the St. Petersburg Forestry Aademy. St. Petersburg; SPbGLTA 008, 008 Ray, F., Onuma, C., Serge, K., Yunfei, X.: Seeted adsorbent materias for oi spi eanup a Thermoanaytia study, J. Therm. Ana. Caorim. 9(3) pp Sabir, S.: Approah of Cost-Effetive Adsorbents for Oi Remova from Oiy Water, Crit. Rev. Environ. Si. Tehno., 45, pp , 05 Sayed, A., Zayed, A.M.: Investigation of the effetiveness of some adsorbent materias in oi spi ean-ups, Desaination 94, pp , 006 Šotés, M., Harčariková, M.: Anaysis of Nova strategy formed by barrier options and its appiation in hedging against a prie drop in oi market. Ata Montanistia Sovaa, Voume 0 (05), number 4, pp ISSN , 05 Straka, M., Bindzár, P., Kaduková, A.: Utiization of the mutiriteria deision-making methods for the needs of mining industry. Ata Montanistia Sovaa, Voume 9 (04), number 4, pp , ISSN , 04 Sviatskii V.M., Sentyakov B.A., Sviatskii M.A., Sentyakov K.B., Garayev S.A.: Simuation of the proess of fabriation anvas with fibrous materias, Vestnik ISTU, No.., Izhevsk 05, pp.7-0, 05 Sviatskii V.M., Sentyakov B.A., Sviatskii M.A., Therezov A.R.: Tests fibrous sorbent booms. Safety of vita funtions, No. 4, p. 7-9, 05 Wu, L., Zhang, J., Li, B., Wang, A.: Mehania- and oi-durabe superhydrophobi poyester materias for seetive oi absorption and oi/water separation, J Cooid Interfae Si., 43, pp. 7, 04 Yim, U.H., Kim, M., Ha, S.Y., Kim, S., Shim, W.J.: Oi Spi Environmenta Forensis: the Hebei Spirit Oi Spi Case, Environ. Si. Tehno, 46, pp , 0 Zhang, S., Wang, P., Fu, X., Chung, T.S.: Sustainabe water reovery from oiy wastewater via forward osmosismembrane distiation (FO-MD), Water Res., 5, pp., 04 46