The term apparatus has three possible plurals. Remember them!

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1 Read the following text about artistic gymnastics. ARTISTIC GYMNASTICS In artistic gymnastics competitors perform exercises on various pieces of apparatus. The exercises may involve take-offs, landings, mounts and dismounts, flights and moves specific to each apparatus. There are four events in women's competitive gymnastics: vault, asymmetric or uneven bars, balance beam and the floor. Uneven bars are sometimes also termed uneven parallel bars. Some elements performed on the balance beam are: cartwheel, forward (also: front) and backward (also: back) handspring, somersault (also termed salto), etc. There are six events in men's artistic gymnastics: floor, pommel horse (the old name of this piece of apparatus was: side horse), rings, vault, parallel bars and the horizontal or high bar. Both on the parallel bars and on the horizontal bar the gymnasts perform twists, giant circles, etc. Except as the name of a competitive event in artistic gymanstics, vault is also used as the name for the vaulting table, i.e. the name of the piece of apparatus. The old name of the vaulting table was vaulting horse the apparatus (and its name) have been used in the Olympics from the men s vault in the first modern Olympics till 2008 Beijing Olympic Games. Vaulting horse is sometimes still used as exercise equipment. The term apparatus has three possible plurals. Remember them!

2 The names of pieces of apparaus and the names of events are two different concepts. Look at the following slides and compare the names of apparatus and the names of competitive events.

3 Vaulting horse is the old name for the vaulting table as a piece of apparatus in competitive gymnastics. Even older names for this piece of apparatus were long horse in men's artistic gymnastics and side horse in women's artistic gymnastics. Look at the pictures and explain why these names were used. Long horse vault Side horse vault

4 Vaulting table Read the following description of the forward roll and fill in the missing terms listed at random below the text. Forward roll To a forward roll you should start from a position. In this position prepare your hands to meet the. In order to start the forward roll, forward on your hands, by extending your legs, and your back. When the push-off is complete, your legs and forward on your neck and shoulders. When the weight leaves the hands, the shins and pull yourself up to your feet. execute, flex, floor, grab, push off, rock, roll, round, squatting

5 Here are some terms that will help you understand gymnastics better. Find out more about them by matching the terms from the boxes with their definitions. SOMERSAULT AXIS TWIST ROUTINE CARTWHEEL The is an imaginary line that passes through the body longitudinally, transversally or medially. is an element in gymnastics in which the body completes a full 360 o turn while rotating around the medial axis of the body. A is a combination of gymnastic elements performed on a piece of apparatus. A is a gymnastic element in which the body completes a full 360 o revolution either around the transverse or around the medial axis of the body. A is a gymnastic element in which the body rotates around the longitudinal axis of the body. Now look at the picture below and describe the take-off, the flight and the landing.

6 Number the following paragraphs to show the correct order to get the description of the back giant. Perform the kicking action from the chest region and through the bottom without piking your hips, and finish this phase so that your body is in a position well above the horizontal. Keep your head between your arms. Try not to lift it. The body opens and elevates vertically to reach a handstand position. From the handstand position, the upper body should be slightly arched. Simultaneously the feet start to descend until the whole body passes through the horizontal. When the body passes through the horizontal, the body opens completely. The chest is slightly arched. As the chest area opens the shoulders are extended. Consequently, the shoulders lead the swing through the bottom. Now read the following text about modern rhythmic gymnastics. RHYTHMIC GYMNASTICS Rhythmic gymnastics implies floorwork that is performed to music. This is done with small hand apparatus. The small hand apparatus are: ropes, hoops, balls, clubs and ribbons. Rhythmic gymnastics requires a lot of skills from a gymnast: flexibility, agility, dexterity, coordination, etc. All these skills are then combined into a fine sequence of movements. The elegance and the smoothness of movement make up the stylistic frame of the whole routine. Translate the names of the small hand apparatus into Croatian. rope hoop club ribbon

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8 VOCABULARY apparatus sprava artistic gymnastics sportska gimnastika axis os backward handspring (also: back handspring) premet prema natrag balance beam (also: beam) greda bottom donja strana, donji dio; dno cartwheel premet strance club čunj descend glagol spustiti, spuštati dexterity spretnost, okretnost dismount saskok event natjecateljska disciplina flight let floor tlo floorwork vježbe na tlu forward handspring (also: front handspring) premet prema naprijed forward roll kolut naprijed frontal plane (also: coronal plane) čeona/frontalna ravnina giant circle velekovrtljaj grab glagol uhvatiti handstand stoj na rukama hoop obruč horizontal bar (also: high bar) preča horizontal plane (also: transverse plane, axial plane) vodoravna/transverzalna ravnina imaginary zamišljen individual all-round competition višeboj kicking action rad nogu; udarci nogama landing doskok longitudinal axis (also: long axis, vertical axis) longitudinalna/uzdužna/okomita os medial axis (also: sagittal axis) medijalna/središnja/sagitalna os mount naskok move glagol kretati se move pokret parallel bars ruče pass glagol prolaziti pike glagol maksimalno saviti pommel horse konj s hvataljkama push off glagol odgurnuti push-off odgurivanje revolution okret ribbon traka ring karika plural rings karike (naziv natjecateljske discipline); still rings karike (naziv za spravu) rock glagol zaljuljati (se) roll glagol kotrljati rope vijača round glagol zaobliti routine vježba sagittal plane središnja/sagitalna ravnina sequence slijed; redoslijed shin goljenična kost; potkoljenica skill vještina small hand apparatus rekvizit smoothness glatkoća somersault (also: salto) salto swing zamah; njih take-off odraz

9 transverse axis twist uneven bars vault (also: frontal axis) poprečna/transverzalna/vodoravna os okret/rotacija oko uzdužne osi tijela (also: uneven parallel bars, asymmetric bars) dvovisinske ruče preskok