Professor Pius Yanda Director Centre for Climate Change Studies University of Dar Es Salaam

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Lesley Davis
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1 Challenges in the Formulation of Climate Change Adaptation Policy Framework that Responds to Local Conditions Professor Pius Yanda Director Centre for Climate Change Studies University of Dar Es Salaam

2 Introduction Climate change is a reality and is affecting livelihood of communities Examples are temperature increase and altered rainfall systems Such impacts are likely to be severe in the future

3 Temperature (0C) Arusha mean Annual Tmin time series between 1960 and y = x R 2 = Years Source: Kibona (2010)

4 Rainfall (mm) Arusha annual rainfall time series 1800 y = x R 2 = Years Source: Kibona (2010)

5 Rainfall (mm) Arusha October-December rainfall timeseries 800 y = x R 2 = Years Source: Kibona (2010)

6 Need for Adaptation Framework to Address Climate Change Impacts Climate change adaptation framework has to be put in place to address these climate impacts Information is a key for policy formulation. The question is; What type of information? At what temporal and spatial scale? How can it be shared?

7 What Type of Information Adaptation is site-specific At the individual and community level, thus; It is crucial to harness local knowledge in designing adaptation strategies. However, local knowledge are rarely taken into consideration by policy makers in designing adaptation strategies Very few institutional mechanisms exist to mainstream traditional coping and adaptation mechanisms.

8 Mean Annual Rainfall Trend at Kongwa Meteorological Station Linear 900 Observed Years Source: (Mkonda 2011)

9 Mean Monthly Rainfall Trend at Kongwa Meteorological Station Work in Progress (Mkonda 2011)

10 Wet Spells/Month Number of wet Spells in Kongwa Meteorological Station FEBRUARY MARCH APRIL Years

11 A story of three Friends Sharing Experiences Lushoto Area Mbuzii Village Lowland Areas The area is experiencing ecological shift associated with climate change leading to increase in temperature and change in seasonal rainfall distribution pattern and intensity

12 Experiences of the First Person Experience of the first person residing on the foot slopes of the Usambara Mountains Frequent droughts, less and intense rains, rivers drying and floods from the uppers slopes blaming his colleagues (NOT HAPPY AT ALL)

13 Experiences of the Second Person Experience of the second person on the middle slopes (Mbuzii Village); No longer growing coffee but growing maize and beans twice a year because it is warmer than before Very happy as he gets food and market is readily available as compared to coffee However, unhappy with more work to control soil erosion due to increased rainfall intensity

14 Experiences of the Third Person Experience of the third person residing on the upper slopes (Lushoto Area) Still growing coffee rainfall gives them space as it does not rain continuously, it is not as cold as it was before, experiencing new crop trees bearing fruits such as papayas, mangoes GOOD NEWS FOR HIM

15 Need for Climate Scientist Dialogue cannot be concluded without climate scientists They are sharing the past and present They should also share the possible future for them to position themselves for the anticipated changes and associated impacts (adaptation)

16 The story gives the following Importance of local knowledge Spatial complexity Consideration of temporal changes (past, present and future)

17 How do we capture a full story at a national level Need for impact and vulnerability assessment Cluster the set of information based on geographical units Need for climate information to complete the stories Calling for Regional and international collaboration

18 How can information be shared? Planning with People and not for People We need to plan together (communities, scientists and policy makers) Multi-stakeholders dialogues should provide avenue for such collective planning

19 How do we ensure planners and decision makers are on board Impart climate change adaptation knowledge to planners and decision makers (seminars, short courses, etc) Integration of climate change adaptation in the training programs Development of climate change adaptation courses

20 Thank you for listening

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