The best design acknowledges that you can't disconnect the form from the material.

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3 Sir Jonathan Ive Senior Vice President of Design, Apple Inc. The best design acknowledges that you can't disconnect the form from the material. The material informs the form. The only way to make the MacBook Pro unibody was to machine it from a single piece of aluminium.

4 The use of aluminium brings many benefits in terms of weight savings, improved fuel efficiency, lower emissions, increased crash safety and even better vehicle dynamics Aluminum will be the material of choice

5 Aluminium allows Bombardier to manufacture low weight vehicles and thus reduce environmental impact, with a high quality exterior finish Guillaume Rétaux Director Strategic Sourcing

6 The use of 1 kg Al replacing heavier materials in a car or light truck can save a net 20 kg of CO2 over the life of the vehicle; This figure is even higher for more weight sensitive applications up to 80 kg CO2 per kg aluminium used in trains; The 20 Mt of Al used in transport today could save 500 Mt CO2 and over 100 billion litres of crude oil over the vehicles lives.

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8 Anthropogenic GHG Emissions by Sector All sectors ~ 50 Gt CO 2 e in 2010* Aluminium industry < 1 Gt CO 2 e in 2015 Opportunities to reduce GHG emissions through use of aluminium in: Green buildings; of which Al ~1% Lightweight vehicles; Protective packaging; Efficient machinery; Cables; of which Al <1% Turbines & solar panels; Efficient consumer durables; Intelligent control systems. Source: * IPCC 2014, IAI

9 Three quarters of all aluminium ever produced is still in productive use One and a quarter billion tonnes of primary produced since 1888 Almost one billion tonnes in products in use A positive recycling story but

10 more significantly a story of Demand growth For light, strong, conductive, protective products 900 million tonnes produced since 1990 Durability Aluminium in long lifetime products have not yet reached the end of their First Life Long lifetime products tend to have high recycling rates (>90%)

11 75% still in use at least 50% still in first use Million tonnes Al (cumulative) 1, IN USE LOST Unrecovered (inc. energy recovery) Process Losses Destructive Uses Recycled & In Use In Use "First Life"

12 Primary Production 1990 (20 Mt) EU28 & EFTA; 4 Mt CIS; 3.5 Mt N America; 6 Mt GCC; 0.5 Mt China; 1 Mt S America; 2 Mt Australasia; 1.5 Mt

13 Primary Production 2016 (59 Mt) EU28 & EFTA; 4 Mt CIS; 4 Mt N America; 4 Mt GCC; 5 Mt China; 32 Mt S America; 1.5 Mt Australasia; 2 Mt

14 Primary Demand 2016 (59 Mt) Canada; <1 Mt USA; 5.5 Mt W Europe; 6 Mt E Europe; 1.5 Mt Russia; <1 Mt China; 31 Mt GCC; 1.5 Mt India; 2 Mt Japan; 2 Mt S America; 2 Mt Other Asia; 4.5 Mt Africa; <1 Mt Australasia; <0.5 Mt

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16 Post-consumer scrap (ex destructive uses) 24 Mt available 17 Mt collected Possible 7 Mt additional New scrap assumed ~100% collection 12 Mt available 12 Mt collected Premelting & melting efficiency (90-98%) ~1 Mt losses Theoretical additional recycled metal supply of <10 Mt Still leaves 50 Mt of required primary (in 2016) Ignores where scrap is, its quality, alloy sorting efficiency (~90%) and the potential saturation of castings markets

17 Scrap supply - quality 60 Million tonnes Castings Recycling Demand Separated Wire Scrap Separated Extrusion Scrap - Old Separated Rolling Scrap - Old Separated Extrusion Scrap - New Separated Rolling Scrap - New Mixed Scrap

18 Castings/wrought semis demand Million tonnes Castings Profiles, FRP, Wire etc

19 Ratios of mixed scrap to castings demand Domestic scrap / Domestic demand 120% 120% Traded scrap / Domestic demand 100% 100% 80% 80% 60% 60% 40% 40% 20% 20% 0% 0% China RoW World China RoW

20 Primary Continues to Dominate Supply Semis demand (Mt Al) Required Primary Unwound Inventory Recycled Ingot stocks

21 Final Products Demand 2016 (~75 Mt) China; 27 Mt N America, 15 Mt Europe; 10 Mt Japan; 2 Mt Middle East; 3 Mt S America; 2 Mt Other Asia; 7 Mt Rest of World; 9 Mt

22 Final product consumption per capita Kg Al per capita China Europe Japan Middle East North America Other Asia World

23 Population Billion people China Europe Japan Middle East North America Other Asia South America Rest of World

24 Per capita stock in use Kg Al per capita China Europe Japan Middle East North America Other Asia Total

25 Apparent consumption (semis) Million tonnes China Europe Japan Middle East North America Other Asia South America Rest of World

26 Primary production (scenario) Million tonnes China Europe Japan Middle East North America Other Asia South America Rest of World

27 Structural Change Integration - Integrated aluminium companies with regional value chains located close to markets (Europe, Japan, N America); - Regional associations; - Limited scrap flow, little trade Globalization - Integrated model applied to new production centres, close to resources (Brazil, Australia, GCC) to serve distant, mature markets; - Global price discovery (LME); - IAI incorporated; - Recycling Differential pricing (regionally & along value chain); - Increase in seaborne bauxite; - Increase in traded scrap; - Smelting follows energy; - Downstream at both smelting & market.

28 The aluminium industry must demonstrate... Dismantling & contraction of integrated value chain Increasing demand from customers for responsibly sourced aluminium 1. that it produces responsibly, by mitigating environmental impacts and positively impacting the communities in which it operates; 2. that its products bring a net benefit to society in terms of reduced environmental impact; improved quality of life, health, safety & wellness and economic growth; 3. that at the end of product life, the value of the metal, the energy that went into its production and the resource inputs are retained and realised as another product, through collection and recycling or energy recovery.

29 Global Electrolytic Energy Intensity reduced by over 15% since 1980 Electrical Energy Intensity (kwh/kg Al) Alternating Current (AC) Direct Current (DC)

30 Regional Smelting Intensities kwh AC /kg Al World Europe China North America South America GCC Other Asia Oceania Africa

31 Smelting Power Mix (GWh)

32 Primary Al GHG Intensity Kg CO 2 e/kg Al ingot (ex China) 2005 (ex China) 2010 (ex China) 2000 (inc China) 2005 (inc China) 2010 (inc China) 2016e (inc China) Bauxite mining Alumina refining Anode production Anode consumption Casting PFC Electrolysis indirect 32

33 Industry-wide Objectives Governance To conduct business ethically, with sound systems of corporate governance People To protect, nurture and develop the workforce and the communities in which we operate Places To protect, nurture and sustainably develop the places in which we operate GHGs To deliver beneficial services [ ] while bringing a net reduction in GHG emissions [ ] Waste To reduce waste and to manage it effectively and safely Products To deliver Al products that meet the needs of society and improve individuals quality of life [...]

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