3.0 Community Health and Safety

Transcription

1 General EHS Guidelines [Cmplete versin] at: Envirnmental, Health, and Safety (EHS) Guidelines 3.0 Cmmunity Health and Safety 3.1 Water Quality and Availability...77 Water Quality...77 Water Availability Structural Safety f Prject Infrastructure Life and Fire Safety (L&FS)...79 Applicability and Apprach...79 Specific Requirements fr New Buildings...79 L&FS Master Plan Review and Apprval...80 Specific Requirements fr Existing Buildings...81 Other Hazards Traffic Safety Transprt f Hazardus Materials...82 General Hazardus Materials Transprt...82 Majr Transprtatin Hazards Disease Preventin...85 Cmmunicable Diseases...85 Vectr-Brne Diseases Emergency Preparedness and Respnse...86 Cmmunicatin Systems...86 Emergency Resurces...87 Training and Updating...87 Business Cntinuity and Cntingency...88 Applicability and Apprach...89 This sectin cmplements the guidance prvided in the preceding envirnmental and ccupatinal health and safety sectins, specifically addressing sme aspects f prject activities taking place utside f the traditinal prject bundaries, but nnetheless related t the prject peratins, as may be applicable n a prject basis. These issues may arise at any stage f a prject life cycle and can have an impact beynd the life f the prject. 3.1 Water Quality and Availability Grundwater and surface water represent essential surces f drinking and irrigatin water in develping cuntries, particularly in rural areas where piped water supply may be limited r unavailable and where available resurces are cllected by the cnsumer with little r n treatment. Prject activities invlving wastewater discharges, water extractin, diversin r impundment shuld prevent adverse impacts t the quality and availability f grundwater and surface water resurces. Water Quality Drinking water surces, whether public r private, shuld at all times be prtected s that they meet r exceed applicable natinal acceptability standards r in their absence the current editin f WHO Guidelines fr Drinking-Water Quality. Air emissins, wastewater effluents, il and hazardus materials, and wastes shuld be managed accrding t the guidance prvided in the respective sectins f the General EHS Guidelines with the bjective f prtecting sil and water resurces. Where the prject includes the delivery f water t the cmmunity r t users f facility infrastructure (such as htel hsts and hspital patients), where water may be used fr drinking, cking, washing, and bathing, water quality shuld cmply with natinal acceptability standards r in their absence the current editin f with WHO Drinking Water Guidelines. Water quality fr mre sensitive well-being-related demands such as water used in health care facilities r fd prductin may require mre stringent, industry-specific guidelines r standards, as applicable. Any dependency factrs assciated with the deliver f water t the lcal cmmunity shuld be planned fr and managed t ensure the sustainability f the water supply by invlving the cmmunity in its management t minimize the dependency in the lng-term. Water Availability The ptential effect f grundwater r surface water abstractin fr prject activities shuld be prperly assessed thrugh a cmbinatin f field testing and mdeling techniques, accunting fr seasnal variability and prjected changes in demand in the prject area. APRIL 30,

2 Envirnmental, Health, and Safety (EHS) Guidelines Prject activities shuld nt cmprmise the availability f water fr persnal hygiene needs and shuld take accunt f ptential future increases in demand. The verall target shuld be the availability f 100 liters per persn per day althugh lwer levels may be used t meet basic health requirements. 79 Water vlume requirements fr well-being-related demands such as water use in health care facilities may need t be higher. 3.2 Structural Safety f Prject Infrastructure Hazards psed t the public while accessing prject facilities may include: Physical trauma assciated with failure f building structures Burns and smke inhalatin frm fires Injuries suffered as a cnsequence f falls r cntact with heavy equipment Respiratry distress frm dust, fumes, r nxius drs Expsure t hazardus materials Reductin f ptential hazards is best accmplished during the design phase when the structural design, layut and site mdificatins can be adapted mre easily. The fllwing issues shuld be cnsidered and incrprated as apprpriate int the planning, siting, and design phases f a prject: Inclusin f buffer strips r ther methds f physical separatin arund prject sites t prtect the public frm majr hazards assciated with hazardus materials incidents r prcess failure, as well as nuisance issues related t nise, drs, r ther emissins Incrpratin f siting and safety engineering criteria t prevent failures due t natural risks psed by earthquakes, tsunamis, wind, flding, landslides and fire. T this end, all prject structures shuld be designed in accrdance with engineering and design criteria mandated by site-specific risks, including but nt limited t seismic activity, slpe stability, wind lading, and ther dynamic lads Applicatin f lcally regulated r internatinally recgnized building cdes 80 t ensure structures are designed and cnstructed in accrdance with sund architectural and engineering practice, including aspects f fire preventin and respnse Engineers and architects respnsible fr designing and cnstructing facilities, building, plants and ther structures shuld certify the applicability and apprpriateness f the structural criteria emplyed. Internatinal cdes, such as thse cmpiled by the Internatinal Cde Cuncil (ICC) 81, are intended t regulate the design, cnstructin, and maintenance f a built envirnment and cntain detailed guidance n all aspects f building safety, encmpassing methdlgy, best practices, and dcumenting cmpliance. Depending n the nature f a prject, guidance prvided in the ICC r cmparable cdes shuld be fllwed, as apprpriate, with respect t: Existing structures Sils and fundatins Site grading Structural design Specific requirements based n intended use and ccupancy Accessibility and means f egress Types f cnstructin Rf design and cnstructin Fire-resistant cnstructin Fld-resistant cnstructin 79 Wrld Health Organizatin (WHO) defines 100 liters/capita/day as the amunt required t meet all cnsumptin and hygiene needs. Additinal infrmatin n lwer service levels and ptential impacts n health are described in Dmestic Water Quantity, Service Level and Health ILO-OSH, safewrk/cps/english/dwnlad/e pdf 81 ICC, APRIL 30,

3 Envirnmental, Health, and Safety (EHS) Guidelines Cnstructin materials Interir envirnment Mechanical, plumbing and electrical systems Elevatrs and cnveying systems Fire safety systems Safeguards during cnstructin Encrachments int public right-f-way Althugh majr design changes may nt be feasible during the peratin phase f a prject, hazard analysis can be undertaken t identify pprtunities t reduce the cnsequences f a failure r accident. Illustrative management actins, applicable t hazardus materials strage and use, include: Reducing inventries f hazardus materials thrugh inventry management and prcess changes t greatly reduce r eliminate the ptential ff-site cnsequences f a release Mdifying prcess r strage cnditins t reduce the ptential cnsequences f an accidental ff-site release Imprving shut-dwn and secndary cntainment t reduce the amunt f material escaping frm cntainment and t reduce the release duratin Reducing the prbability that releases will ccur thrugh imprved site peratins and cntrl, and thrugh imprvements in maintenance and inspectin Reducing ff-site impacts f releases thrugh measures intended t cntain explsins and fires, alert the public, prvide fr evacuatin f surrunding areas, establish safety znes arund a site, and ensure the prvisin f emergency medical services t the public 3.3 Life and Fire Safety (L&FS) Applicability and Apprach All new buildings accessible t the public shuld be designed, cnstructed, and perated in full cmpliance with lcal building cdes, lcal fire department regulatins, lcal legal/insurance requirements, and in accrdance with an internatinally accepted life and fire safety (L&FS) standard. The Life Safety Cde 82, which prvides extensive dcumentatin n life and fire safety prvisins, is ne example f an internatinally accepted standard and may be used t dcument cmpliance with the Life and Fire Safety bjectives utlined in these guidelines. With regard t these bjectives: Prject spnsrs architects and prfessinal cnsulting engineers shuld demnstrate that affected buildings meet these life and fire safety bjectives. Life and fire safety systems and equipment shuld be designed and installed using apprpriate prescriptive standards and/r perfrmance based design, and sund engineering practices. Life and fire safety design criteria fr all existing buildings shuld incrprate all lcal building cdes and fire department regulatins. These guidelines apply t buildings that are accessible t the public. Examples f such buildings include: Health and educatin facilities Htels, cnventin centers, and leisure facilities Retail and cmmercial facilities Airprts, ther public transprt terminals, transfer facilities Specific Requirements fr New Buildings The nature and extent f life and fire safety systems required will depend n the building type, structure, cnstructin, ccupancy, and expsures. Spnsrs shuld prepare a Life and Fire Safety Master Plan identifying majr fire risks, applicable cdes, standards and regulatins, and mitigatin measures. The Master 82 US NFPA. 5Fpid=10106&src%5Fpid=&link%5Ftype=search APRIL 30,

4 Envirnmental, Health, and Safety (EHS) Guidelines Plan shuld be prepared by a suitably qualified prfessinal, and adequately cver, but nt be limited t, the issues addressed briefly in the fllwing pints. The suitably qualified prfessinal selected t prepare the Master Plan is respnsible fr a detailed treatment f the fllwing illustrative, and all ther required, issues. Fire Preventin Fire preventin addresses the identificatin f fire risks and ignitin surces, and measures needed t limit fast fire and smke develpment. These issues include: Fuel lad and cntrl f cmbustibles Ignitin surces Interir finish flame spread characteristics Interir finish smke prductin characteristics Human acts, and husekeeping and maintenance Means f Egress Means f Egress includes all design measures that facilitate a safe evacuatin by residents and/r ccupants in case f fire r ther emergency, such as: Clear, unimpeded escape rutes Accessibility t the impaired/handicapped Marking and signing Emergency lighting Detectin and Alarm Systems These systems encmpass all measures, including cmmunicatin and public address systems needed t detect a fire and alert: Building staff Emergency respnse teams Occupants Civil defense Cmpartmentatin Cmpartmentatin invlves all measures t prevent r slw the spread f fire and smke, including: Separatins Fire walls Flrs Drs Dampers Smke cntrl systems Fire Suppressin and Cntrl Fire suppressin and cntrl includes all autmatic and manual fire prtectin installatins, such as: Autmatic sprinkler systems Manual prtable extinguishers Fire hse reels Emergency Respnse Plan An Emergency Respnse Plan is a set f scenari based prcedures t assist staff and emergency respnse teams during real life emergency and training exercises. This chapter f the Fire and Life Safety Master Plan shuld include an assessment f lcal fire preventin and suppressin capabilities. Operatin and Maintenance Operatin and Maintenance invlves preparing schedules fr mandatry regular maintenance and testing f life and fire safety features t ensure that mechanical, electrical, and civil structures and systems are at all times in cnfrmance with life and fire safety design criteria and required peratinal readiness. L&FS Master Plan Review and Apprval A suitably qualified prfessinal prepares and submits a Life and Fire Safety (L&FS) Master Plan, including preliminary drawings and specificatins, and certifies that the design APRIL 30,

5 Envirnmental, Health, and Safety (EHS) Guidelines meets the requirements f these L&FS guidelines. The findings and recmmendatins f the review are then used t establish the cnditins f a Crrective Actin Plan and a time frame fr implementing the changes. The suitably qualified prfessinal cnducts a review as part f the prject cmpletin test at the time f life and fire safety systems testing and cmmissining, and certifies that cnstructin f these systems has been carried ut in accrdance with the accepted design. The findings and recmmendatins f the review are used as the basis fr establishing prject cmpletin r t establish the cnditins f a Pre-Cmpletin Crrective Actin Plan and a time frame fr implementing the changes. Specific Requirements fr Existing Buildings All life and fire safety guideline requirements fr new buildings apply t existing buildings prgrammed fr renvatin. A suitably qualified prfessinal cnducts a cmplete life and fire safety review f existing buildings slated fr renvatin. The findings and recmmendatins f the review are used as the basis t establish the scpe f wrk f a Crrective Actin Plan and a time frame fr implementing the changes. If it becmes apparent that life and fire safety cnditins are deficient in an existing building that is nt part f the prject r that has nt been prgrammed fr renvatin, a life and fire safety review f the building may be cnducted by a suitably qualified prfessinal. The findings and recmmendatins f the review are used as the basis t establish the scpe f wrk f a Crrective Actin Plan and a time frame fr implementing the changes. Other Hazards Facilities, buildings, plants, and structures shuld be situated t minimize ptential risks frm frces f nature (e.g. earthquakes, tsunamis, flds, windstrms, and fires frm surrunding areas). All such structures shuld be designed in accrdance with the criteria mandated by situatin-, climatic-, and gelgyspecific lcatin risks (e.g. seismic activity, wind lading, and ther dynamic lads). Structural engineers and architects respnsible fr facilities, buildings, plants and structures shuld certify the applicability and apprpriateness f the design criteria emplyed. Natinal r reginal building regulatins typically cntain fire safety cdes and standards 83 r these standards are fund in separate Fire Cdes. 84,85 Generally, such cdes and regulatins incrprate further cmpliance requirements with respect t methdlgy, practice, testing, and ther cdes and standards 86. Such natinally referenced material cnstitutes the acceptable fire life safety cde. 3.4 Traffic Safety Traffic accidents have becme ne f the mst significant causes f injuries and fatalities amng members f the public wrldwide. Traffic safety shuld be prmted by all prject persnnel during displacement t and frm the wrkplace, and during peratin f prject equipment n private r public rads. Preventin and cntrl f traffic related injuries and fatalities shuld include the adptin f safety measures that are prtective f prject wrkers and f rad users, including thse wh are mst vulnerable t rad traffic accidents 87. Rad safety initiatives prprtinal t the scpe and nature f prject activities shuld include: 83 Fr example, Australia, Canada, Suth Africa, United Kingdm 84 Réglementatin Incendie [des ERP] 85 USA NFPA, Prepared by Natinal Institutes and Authrities such as American Sciety fr Testing and Materials (ASTM), British Standards (BS), German Institute f Standardizatin (DIN), and French Standards (NF) 87 Additinal infrmatin n vulnerable users f public rads in develping cuntries is prvided by Peden et al., APRIL 30,

6 Envirnmental, Health, and Safety (EHS) Guidelines Adptin f best transprt safety practices acrss all aspects f prject peratins with the gal f preventing traffic accidents and minimizing injuries suffered by prject persnnel and the public. Measures shuld include: Emphasizing safety aspects amng drivers Imprving driving skills and requiring licensing f drivers Adpting limits fr trip duratin and arranging driver rsters t avid vertiredness Aviding dangerus rutes and times f day t reduce the risk f accidents Use f speed cntrl devices (gvernrs) n trucks, and remte mnitring f driver actins Regular maintenance f vehicles and use f manufacturer apprved parts t minimize ptentially serius accidents caused by equipment malfunctin r premature failure. Where the prject may cntribute t a significant increase in traffic alng existing rads, r where rad transprt is a significant cmpnent f a prject, recmmended measures include: Minimizing pedestrian interactin with cnstructin vehicles Cllabratin with lcal cmmunities and respnsible authrities t imprve signage, visibility and verall safety f rads, particularly alng stretches lcated near schls r ther lcatins where children may be present. Cllabrating with lcal cmmunities n educatin abut traffic and pedestrian safety (e.g. schl educatin campaigns) 88 Crdinatin with emergency respnders t ensure that apprpriate first aid is prvided in the event f accidents Using lcally surced materials, whenever pssible, t minimize transprt distances. Lcating assciated facilities such as wrker camps clse t prject sites and arranging wrker bus transprt t minimizing external traffic 88 Additinal surces f infrmatin fr implementatin f rad safety measures is available at WHO, 1989, Rss et al., 1991, Tsunkawa and Hban, 1997, and OECD, 1999 Emplying safe traffic cntrl measures, including rad signs and flag persns t warn f dangerus cnditins 3.5 Transprt f Hazardus Materials General Hazardus Materials Transprt Prjects shuld have prcedures in place that ensure cmpliance with lcal laws and internatinal requirements applicable t the transprt f hazardus materials, including: IATA requirements 89 fr air transprt IMDG Cde 90 sea transprt UN Mdel Regulatins 91 f ther internatinal standards as well as lcal requirements fr land transprt Hst-cuntry cmmitments under the Basel Cnventin n the Cntrl f Transbundary Mvements f Hazardus Waste and their dispsal and Rtterdam Cnventin n the prir Infrm Cnsent Prcedure fr Certain Hazardus Chemicals and Pesticides in Internatinal Trade, if applicable t the prject activities The prcedures fr transprtatin f hazardus materials (Hazmats) shuld include: Prper labeling f cntainers, including the identify and quantity f the cntents, hazards, and shipper cntact infrmatin Prviding a shipping dcument (e.g. shipping manifest) that describes the cntents f the lad and its assciated hazards in additin t the labeling f the cntainers. The shipping dcument shuld establish a chain-f-custdy using multiple signed cpies t shw that the waste was prperly shipped, transprted and received by the recycling r treatment/dispsal facility 89 IATA, IMO United Natins. Transprt f Dangerus Gds - Mdel Regulatins. 14th Revised Editin. Geneva APRIL 30,

7 Envirnmental, Health, and Safety (EHS) Guidelines Ensuring that the vlume, nature, integrity and prtectin f packaging and cntainers used fr transprt are apprpriate fr the type and quantity f hazardus material and mdes f transprt invlved Ensuring adequate transprt vehicle specificatins Training emplyees invlved in the transprtatin f hazardus materials regarding prper shipping prcedures and emergency prcedures Using labeling and placarding (external signs n transprt vehicles), as required Prviding the necessary means fr emergency respnse n call 24 hurs/day Majr Transprtatin Hazards Guidance related t majr transprtatin hazards shuld be implemented in additin t measures presented in the preceding sectin fr preventing r minimizing the cnsequences f catastrphic releases f hazardus materials, which may result in txic, fire, explsin, r ther hazards during transprtatin. In additin t these afrementined prcedures, prjects which transprt hazardus materials at r abve the threshld quantities 92 shuld prepare a Hazardus Materials Transprtatin Plan cntaining all f the elements presented belw 93. Hazard Assessment The hazard assessment shuld identify the ptential hazard invlved in the transprtatin f hazardus materials by reviewing: The hazard characteristics f the substances identified during the screening stage The histry f accidents, bth by the cmpany and its cntractrs, invlving hazardus materials transprtatin 92 Threshld quantities fr the transprt f hazardus materials are fund in the UN Transprt f Dangerus Gds Mdel Regulatins cited abve. 93 Fr further infrmatin and guidance, please refer t Internatinal Finance Crpratin (IFC) Hazardus Materials Transprtatin Manual. Washingtn, D.C. December The existing criteria fr the safe transprtatin f hazardus materials, including envirnmental management systems used by the cmpany and its cntractrs This review shuld cver the management actins, preventive measures and emergency respnse prcedures described belw. The hazard assessment helps t determine what additinal measures may be required t cmplete the plan. Management Actins Management f Change: These prcedures shuld address: The technical basis fr changes in hazardus materials ffered fr transprtatin, rutes and/r prcedures The ptential impact f changes n health and safety Mdificatin required t perating prcedures Authrizatin requirements Emplyees affected Training needs Cmpliance Audit: A cmpliance audit evaluates cmpliance with preventin requirements fr each transprtatin rute r fr each hazardus material, as apprpriate. A cmpliance audit cvering each element f the preventin measures (see belw) shuld be cnducted at least every three years. The audit prgram shuld include: Preparatin f a reprt f the findings Determinatin and dcumentatin f the apprpriate respnse t each finding Dcumentatin that any deficiency has been crrected. Incident Investigatin: Incidents can prvide valuable infrmatin abut transprtatin hazards and the steps needed t prevent accidental releases. The implementatin f incident investigatin prcedures shuld ensure that: Investigatins are initiated prmptly Summaries f investigatins are included in a reprt Reprt findings and recmmendatins are addressed APRIL 30,

8 Envirnmental, Health, and Safety (EHS) Guidelines Reprts are reviewed with staff and cntractrs Emplyee Participatin: There shuld be a written plan f actin regarding the implementatin f active emplyee participatin in the preventin f accidents. Cntractrs: The plan shuld include prcedures t ensure that: The cntractr is prvided with safety perfrmance prcedures and safety and hazard infrmatin Cntractrs bserve safety practices Verify that the cntractr acts respnsibly The plan shuld als include additinal prcedures t ensure the cntractrs will: Ensure apprpriate training fr their emplyees Ensure their emplyees knw prcess hazards and applicable emergency actins Prepare and submit training recrds Infrm emplyees abut the hazards presented by their wrk Training: Gd training prgrams n perating prcedures will prvide the emplyees with the necessary infrmatin t understand hw t perate safely and why safe peratins are needed. The training prgram shuld include: The list f emplyees t be trained Specific training bjectives Mechanisms t achieve bjectives (i.e. hands-n wrkshps, vides, etc.) Means t determine the effectiveness f the training prgram Training prcedures fr new hires and refresher prgrams Preventive Measures The plan shuld include prcedures t implement preventive measures specific t each hazardus material ffered fr transprtatin, including: Classificatin and segregatin f hazardus materials in warehuses and transprt units Packaging and packaging testing Marking and labeling f packages cntaining hazardus materials Handling and securing packages cntaining hazardus materials in transprt units Marking and placarding f transprt units Dcumentatin (e.g. bills f lading) Applicatin f special prvisins, as apprpriate Emergency Preparedness and Respnse It is imprtant t develp prcedures and practices fr the handling f hazardus materials that allw fr quick and efficient respnses t accidents that may result in injury r envirnmental damage. The spnsr shuld prepare an Emergency Preparedness and Respnse Plan that shuld cver: Planning Crdinatin: This shuld include prcedures fr: Infrming the public and emergency respnse agencies Dcumenting first aid and emergency medical treatment Taking emergency respnse actins Reviewing and updating the emergency respnse plan t reflect changes and ensuring that the emplyees are infrmed f such changes Emergency Equipment: The plan shuld include prcedures fr using, inspecting, testing, and maintaining emergency respnse equipment. Training: Emplyees shuld be trained in any relevant prcedures APRIL 30,

9 Envirnmental, Health, and Safety (EHS) Guidelines 3.6 Disease Preventin Cmmunicable Diseases Cmmunicable diseases pse a significant public health threat wrldwide. Health hazards typically assciated with large develpment prjects are thse relating t pr sanitatin and living cnditins, sexual transmissin and vectr-brne infectins. Cmmunicable diseases f mst cncern during the cnstructin phase due t labr mbility are sexually-transmitted diseases (STDs), such as HIV/AIDS. Recgnizing that n single measure is likely t be effective in the lng term, successful initiatives typically invlve a cmbinatin f behaviral and envirnmental mdificatins. Recmmended interventins at the prject level include 94 : Prviding surveillance and active screening and treatment f wrkers Preventing illness amng wrkers in lcal cmmunities by: Undertaking health awareness and educatin initiatives, fr example, by implementing an infrmatin strategy t reinfrce persn-t-persn cunseling addressing systemic factrs that can influence individual behavir as well as prmting individual prtectin, and prtecting thers frm infectin, by encuraging cndm use Training health wrkers in disease treatment Cnducting immunizatin prgrams fr wrkers in lcal cmmunities t imprve health and guard against infectin Prviding health services Prviding treatment thrugh standard case management in n-site r cmmunity health care facilities. Ensuring ready 94 Additinal surces f infrmatin n disease preventin include IFC, 2006; UNDP, 2000, 2003; Walley et al., 2000; Kindhauser, 2003; Heymann, access t medical treatment, cnfidentiality and apprpriate care, particularly with respect t migrant wrkers Prmting cllabratin with lcal authrities t enhance access f wrkers families and the cmmunity t public health services and prmte immunizatin Vectr-Brne Diseases Reducing the impact f vectr-brne disease n the lng-term health f wrkers is best accmplished thrugh implementatin f diverse interventins aimed at eliminating the factrs that lead t disease. Prject spnsrs, in clse cllabratin with cmmunity health authrities, can implement an integrated cntrl strategy fr msquit and ther arthrpd-brne diseases that might invlve: Preventin f larval and adult prpagatin thrugh sanitary imprvements and eliminatin f breeding habitats clse t human settlements Eliminatin f unusable impunded water Increase in water velcity in natural and artificial channels Cnsidering the applicatin f residual insecticide t drmitry walls Implementatin f integrated vectr cntrl prgrams Prmting use f repellents, clthing, netting, and ther barriers t prevent insect bites Use f chemprphylaxis drugs by nn-immune wrkers and cllabrating with public health fficials t help eradicate disease reservirs Mnitring and treatment f circulating and migrating ppulatins t prevent disease reservir spread Cllabratin and exchange f in-kind services with ther cntrl prgrams in the prject area t maximize beneficial effects Educating prject persnnel and area residents n risks, preventin, and available treatment Mnitring cmmunities during high-risk seasns t detect and treat cases APRIL 30,

10 Envirnmental, Health, and Safety (EHS) Guidelines Distributing apprpriate educatin materials Fllwing safety guidelines fr the strage, transprt, and distributin f pesticides t minimize the ptential fr misuse, spills, and accidental human expsure 3.7 Emergency Preparedness and Respnse An emergency is an unplanned event when a prject peratin lses cntrl, r culd lse cntrl, f a situatin that may result in risks t human health, prperty, r the envirnment, either within the facility r in the lcal cmmunity. Emergencies d nt nrmally include safe wrk practices fr frequent upsets r events that are cvered by ccupatinal health and safety. All prjects shuld have an Emergency Preparedness and Respnse Plan that is cmmensurate with the risks f the facility and that includes the fllwing basic elements: Administratin (plicy, purpse, distributin, definitins, etc) Organizatin f emergency areas (cmmand centers, medical statins, etc) Rles and respnsibilities Cmmunicatin systems Emergency respnse prcedures Emergency resurces Training and updating Checklists (rle and actin list and equipment checklist) Business Cntinuity and Cntingency Additinal infrmatin is prvided fr key cmpnents f the emergency plan, as fllws belw. Cmmunicatin Systems Wrker ntificatin and cmmunicatin Alarm bells, visual alarms, r ther frms f cmmunicatin shuld be used t reliably alert wrkers t an emergency. Related measures include: Testing warning systems at least annually (fire alarms mnthly), and mre frequently if required by lcal regulatins, equipment, r ther cnsideratins Installing a back-up system fr cmmunicatins n-site with ff-site resurces, such as fire departments, in the event that nrmal cmmunicatin methds may be inperable during an emergency Cmmunity Ntificatin If a lcal cmmunity may be at risk frm a ptential emergency arising at the facility, the cmpany shuld implement cmmunicatin measures t alert the cmmunity, such as: Audible alarms, such as fire bells r sirens Fan ut telephne call lists Vehicle munted speakers Cmmunicating details f the nature f the emergency Cmmunicating prtectin ptins (evacuatin, quarantine) Prviding advise n selecting an apprpriate prtectin ptin Media and Agency Relatins Emergency infrmatin shuld be cmmunicated t the media thrugh: A trained, lcal spkespersn able t interact with relevant stakehlders, and ffer guidance t the cmpany fr speaking t the media, gvernment, and ther agencies Written press releases with accurate infrmatin, apprpriate level f detail fr the emergency, and fr which accuracy can be guaranteed APRIL 30,

11 Envirnmental, Health, and Safety (EHS) Guidelines Emergency Resurces Finance and Emergency Funds A mechanism shuld be prvided fr funding emergency activities. Fire Services The cmpany shuld cnsider the level f lcal fire fighting capacity and whether equipment is available fr use at the facility in the event f a majr emergency r natural disaster. If insufficient capacity is available, fire fighting capacity shuld be acquired that may include pumps, water supplies, trucks, and training fr persnnel. Medical Services The cmpany shuld prvide first aid attendants fr the facility as well as medical equipment suitable fr the persnnel, type f peratin, and the degree f treatment likely t be required prir t transprtatin t hspital. Availability f Resurces Apprpriate measures fr managing the availability f resurces in case f an emergency include: Maintaining a list f external equipment, persnnel, facilities, funding, expert knwledge, and materials that may be required t respnd t emergencies. The list shuld include persnnel with specialized expertise fr spill clean-up, fld cntrl, engineering, water treatment, envirnmental science, etc., r any f the functins required t adequately respnd t the identified emergency Prviding persnnel wh can readily call up resurces, as required Tracking and managing the csts assciated with emergency resurces Cnsidering the quantity, respnse time, capability, limitatins, and cst f these resurces, fr bth site-specific emergencies, and cmmunity r reginal emergencies Cnsidering if external resurces are unable t prvide sufficient capacity during a reginal emergency and whether additinal resurces may need t be maintained n-site Mutual Aid Mutual aid agreements decrease administrative cnfusin and prvide a clear basis fr respnse by mutual aid prviders. Where apprpriate, mutual aid agreements shuld be maintained with ther rganizatins t allw fr sharing f persnnel and specialized equipment. Cntact List The cmpany shuld develp a list f cntact infrmatin fr all internal and external resurces and persnnel. The list shuld include the name, descriptin, lcatin, and cntact details (telephne, ) fr each f the resurces, and be maintained annually. Training and Updating The emergency preparedness facilities and emergency respnse plans require maintenance, review, and updating t accunt fr changes in equipment, persnnel, and facilities. Training prgrams and practice exercises prvide fr testing systems t ensure an adequate level f emergency preparedness. Prgrams shuld: Identify training needs based n the rles and respnsibilities, capabilities and requirements f persnnel in an emergency Develp a training plan t address needs, particularly fr fire fighting, spill respnse, and evacuatin APRIL 30,

12 Envirnmental, Health, and Safety (EHS) Guidelines Cnduct annual training, at least, and perhaps mre frequent training when the respnse includes specialized equipment, prcedures, r hazards, r when therwise mandated Prvide training exercises t allw persnnel the pprtunity t test emergency preparedness, including: Desk tp exercises with nly a few persnnel, where the cntact lists are tested and the facilities and cmmunicatin assessed Respnse exercises, typically invlving drills that allw fr testing f equipment and lgistics Debrief upn cmpletin f a training exercise t assess what wrked well and what aspects require imprvement Update the plan, as required, after each exercise. Elements f the plan subject t significant change (such as cntact lists) shuld be replaced Recrd training activities and the utcmes f the training Business Cntinuity and Cntingency Measures t address business cntinuity and cntingency include: Identifying replacement supplies r facilities t allw business cntinuity fllwing an emergency. Fr example, alternate surces f water, electricity, and fuel are cmmnly sught. Using redundant r duplicate supply systems as part f facility peratins t increase the likelihd f business cntinuity. Maintaining back-ups f critical infrmatin in a secure lcatin t expedite the return t nrmal peratins fllwing an emergency. APRIL 30,