Procedures and techniques in the teaching of field hockey skills through thirty-five millimeter Kodachrome slides.

Transcription

1 Boston Unversty OpenBU Theses & Dssertatons Dssertatons and Theses (pre-1964) 1956 Procedures and technques n the teachng of feld hockey skls through thrty-fve mmeter Kodachrome sdes. Wls, Suzzane Ellen Boston Unversty Boston Unversty

2 1:! Boston Unversty School ot Educaton PROCEDURES AND TECHN~UES N THE TEACHNG OF FELD HOCKEY SKLLS THROUGH THRTY-FVE MLLMETER KODACHRO~ff SLDES [ Thess by Suzzane Ellen Wls (B. S. n Educaton Bouve - Boston School n - affaton wth Tufts Unversty, 1950) Submtted n partal fulflment of the requrements for the degree of Master of Educaton 1956 ~.:cc::==~::-:--...:c;;.,-=.:-=- =-============--===="======= k lj l ' l s~trm Un~tt-1 School of Educauo~ Ubrarv! ' H.j

3 '!\ ll lj f!! ;: ) " ' jl d! '! l1 l! ',,,,,, Frst Reader: Dr. Arthur G. Mer Assocate Professor of Educaton Second Reader: Dr. James A. Wye Professor of Educaton!!; t''! 1: f! 11 j :,, ~, :\ : 1!1 jl ~=====~~~--~=============================================="========~==== :: ',: ~ :! 1

4 ACKNOWLEDGE:MENTS The wrter wshes to express her sncere apprecaton to Dr. Arthur G. Mler for hs gudance, encouragement and counsel n drectng ths study. The wrter s deeply ndebted to Dr. Vrgna Dx Sterng, for her techncal assstance n the felds ~ l of audo-vsual educaton and physcal educaton and for gvng so generously of her tme n the development of ths study. Specal recognton s gven to the Boston Feld Hockey Assocaton members. They nclude the followng: Mss Kate Barrett, Mss Margo Cunnngham, Mss Mdred Barnes, Mss Ezabeth Swett, Mss Janet Emery, for ther assstance n skl pctures.! Sncere thanks are extended to Mr. Earl Cunnngham for hs techncal assstance n the photo- : 1 graphy of team play n ths study., ====~===================================~~==== ll 11!) :j

5 h \ p TABLE OF CONTENTS ',..,. '! ',,!,, Chapter. Chapter. Chapter. Chapter V. Chapter V. NTRODUCTON Page A. Defnton of the Problem---~---~~ l B. Statement of the Problem REVEV/ OF LTERATURE A. Materals n Audo-Vsual Educaton 5 B. Materals n Feld Hockey TECHNQUES AND PROCEDURES A. Selecton of Skls B. Development of the Thrty-Fve Mmeter Kodachrome Sdes C. Use of the Pctures PRESENTATON AND ANALYSS OF SLDES A. Kodachrome Sde Presentaton --~- 16 SUM~~RY AND CONCLUSONS BBLOGRAPHY !,!!, ' ===~-!! p!!

6 f r _jl '.a!.,! ',, ' t!,! ',, jl... ~ '! Chapter NTRODUCTON A. Defnton of the Problem A sncere and conscentous educator s constantly alert to new and better ways of teachng. She s eager for methods and materals that provde the vtazed experences and enrched learnng stuatons that contrbute to reazaton of ultmate ams and objectves. The past decade has seen a rapd development of audo-vsual equpment that to a great extent meets ths need. Concurrently, the feld of educaton has developed a whole new set of methods and technques for makng best use of these new teachng tools. Many schools are equpped not only for stl and moton projecton but also for the use of a varety of audtory and vsual materals. Most all have basc equpment for vsual presentaton of subject matter - famar equpment such as blackboards and bulletn boards. The enrched experences made possble by ths development range from frst-hand experences n =~====== jl j! d ~ ~ l,! l!! 1

7 . : 2 dramatcs~ feld trps~ and demonstratons to the contrved experences offered by projected and nonprojected materals. Vsual materals are of partcular nterest n a subject such as physcal educaton where the study of moton s of prme mportance. n physcal educaton t s not always possble to provde frst hand experences. The expert player~ for demonstraton. the Olympc athlete, s rarely avaable Carefully selected projected and nonprojected materals compensate for the absence of a skled demonstrator or an experenced team. The moton pcture accurately reproduces acton and provdes an ever-avaable source of skled demonstrators. ts value n sports teachng s enhanced by the fact that acton can be slowed down for detaed study. Stl projecton also has mert, partcularly n showng basc startng postons, grp, and smar technques whch do not show up as well n moton pctures. Fmstrps, a related and contnuous sequence or strp of stl projected pctures through specal

8 ' photographc technques gve an mpresson of moton. n feld hockey, as n many sports, many excellent fms and fmstrps are avaable. The or 1ntroduces skl moton pcture helps set the stage acton and provdes expert demonstraton for possble analyss. The fmstrp, to a lesser extent, seems to serve the same purpose. Possble drawbacks to.the use of fms are that they, frst, take most of the actvty perod:to show, thus takng away from partqpaton tme whch best goes hand-n-hand wth the demonstraton. Second, they are expensve to own and rentals are surprsngly hgh. A sngle rental s usually all that s possble. Thrd, on the rental bass, they are not always avaable exactly at the tme needed. Fmstrps are most effectve when the entre unt s shown. However, t s possble to show sngle frames. They are not usually avaable for rental but are nexpensve to own. Sdes are effectve when shown sngly or n a seres as the stuaton calls for. Secondly, they are \!

9 .[ d! lr!, ' '!j ll!!! ' ',!,. ' ============================================================= ==~======~ nexpensve and, of all three, are the only materal that can be developed successfully by an amateur. These factors regardng most effectve use of partcpaton tme, economy of materals, avaabty, and sutabty ndcate the value of supplementng the materals avaable n feld hockey by a seres of thrty-fve mmeter kodachrome sdes. B. Statement of the Problem The purpose of ths study s threefold: (l) To select skls a. to be taught to a begnnng class n hockey b. to be used by methods classes n developng skl n analyss of technque (2) To develop a seres of thrty-fve mmeter kodachrome sdes based on the selected skls. (3) To try out and determne the effectveness of these sdes n the teachng of methods classes. ; : H! ll! --n== jl!!,,! ll,,,; '. ',! lj, '! ' h ', t:!! l1!,.!!,, ' L,, -==l=== _:L t t l! 1 '. j q (4) To set up a possble sample test to be used n the meth ds elass~ ' '! \ '!

10 ~--- 5 Chapter REVEW OF LTERATURE A. Materals n Audo-Vsual Educaton Recognton of the value of audo-vsual methods, technques, and materals n all areas of teachng s responsble for the pubcaton of qute a few books deang wth ths subject. Dalel bases hs book on the prncple that all teachng, from the frst grade through the college level,can be greatly mproved by the use of vsual and audtory materals. t s known that they are a powerful means toward achevng the major purpose - good teachng. Dale suggests the use of many dfferent types of audo-vsual materals n teachng. The moton pcture and all types of stl projecton are among the meda suggested. Knder2 says audo-vsual educaton has been taken too casually, and today the modern school program 1. Dale, Edgar. Audo-Vsual Methods n Teachng. New York: The Dryden Press, Knder, James S. Audo-Vsual Materals and Technques. New York: Amercan Book Company, 1950~ =-~=--=--==~====================~~=======~~========================~======-

11 _j 6 demands teachers who can vtaze learnng. n Haas and Packer3 are found specfc suggestons and detas for preparng audo-vsual ads and deas and concepts that wl mprove learnng. There s a growng beef that the feld of audo-vsual educaton s addng to the teachng of specfc knowledges and skls and contrbutng to better teachng-n general. B. Materals n Feld Hockey n feld hockey as n most sports, a basc presentaton of skl and ts progresson has been developed, resultng n the pubcaton of many books. All England Women 1 s Hockey Assocaton's Women's Hockey4 sbased on all.features of the gamefrom mprovng her play to quckenng her nterest. They suggest a teacher's job s to nmpart knowledgefl n such a way that t s fun and enjoyable. From good 3. Haas, B. Kenneth and Packer, Q. Harry. Preparaton and Use of Audo-Vsual Ads. New York: Prentce Hall, nc., All England Women's Hockey Assocaton. Women's Hockey. London: MacDonald and Evans, Ltd..

12 7 sound coachng suggestons, the book leads nto ~undamentals and analyss o~ skls, always emphaszng good teachng o~ these. Myer and Schwarz5 suggest a progresson and analyss o~ skls and team play. Ths was a help n the selecton o~ skls to b~.photographed. TaylorS emphaszes once more the mportance o~ good coachng and knowledge o~ skls to be put nto acton. The key to the scheme s footwork, stckwork, observaton, antcpaton, and teamwork. Taylor breaks all ths down so you can see the best way n budng the game. Books wrtten by Engsh players, as ths one s, have some very sound progressons and analyss o~ skls. 5. Myer, Margaret and Schwarz, Marguerte. Technc o~ Team Sports ~or Women. New York: Prentce-Hall, nc., Taylor, Eeen. Coachng Hockey n Schools. Oxford: Marjore Pollard Pubcatons, Ltd.

13 Chapter TECHNQUES AND PROCEDURE A. Selecton of Feld Hockey Skls The frst step n determnng the selecton of skls to be photographed was to survey the terature avaable on the subject of feld hockey. On the bass of ths study~ the basc skls to be used were selected. n the selecton process the course outnes for the begnners and methods course at the Bouve-Boston School were consulted. Selecton of skls was based also on the results of consultaton wth authortes n the feld. t was decded that a sngle set of pctures for both begnners and methods course classes would be used. The set would be used wth begnners for the ntroducton of skls and to clarfy skls learned. n the methods class, a detaed study of the same pctures would be made, wth emphass on analyss and coachng ponts.

14 ; -~ 9 As a result of the survey of terature, study of course outnes~ and consultaton wth authortes, the followng st of skls was selected.,e

15 . ndvdual Feld Hockey Skls A. Grp - (Al - A5)* top hand both hands both hands and body poston ncorrect grp and body poston B. correct ncorrect c. Drve... ( cl - c 4) -3~ back swng :follow through ncorrect ~ stcks F. Left Hand Lunge - (F 1 - F 4 )* correct ncorrect G. Straght Tackle - (G 1 - G2)*.e 7~ n general, sdes are numbered n accordance wth selected skls and drls. -=====9F=====================================================~=====,,

16 Team Pla;y A. Offensve - (Al - A11)* forward tactcs fouls passng postonng feld play crcle play dbstructon stcks B. Defensve - ( B1> - B ) ~~ 17. defense tactcs fouls feld play crcle play markng coverng backng up obstructon stcks * n general, sdes are numbered n accordance.wth selected skls and drls.

17 \. ======~====================================================~~==--- B. Development of' Thrty-f've Mmeter Kodachrome Sdes n order to obtan the most skled demonstraton of' ndvdual technques, t was decded to use as subjects players f'rom the Boston Feld Hockey Assocaton. When two subjects appear n a sde, they wear orange or black tuncs f'or the purpose of' contnuty and contrast. t was f'elt that posed pctures of' team play could not accurately and vvdly portray team play. For ths reason, pctures of' team skls were taken durng actual games n a sectonal tournament. The f'ollowng plan was set up to provde a gude n the takng of' these pctures. a. skl to be presented b. 'best angle to take the pcture c. number of' subjects needed d. number of exposures to adequately cover the skl e. specf'c detas to be emphaszed The pctures were photographed wth an Argus C3, thrty-f've mmeter camera. The fm used was koda- ======7===============================================~=====-

18 == L ' =~---~~ chrome color fm, dayght type, K \.. General Electrc Exposure Meter Type PR-20 was used to determne ght exposure to be used. The C3 Telephoto lens was used n team play pctures to cut dstance n half to get the true perspectve of the game stuaton. Where accuracy of detas and closeups were essental, as n the grp, the pctures were posed. Twenty-fve sdes were selected of skl technques; twenty-seven team pctures were chosen; a total of ffty-two pctures make up the seres. C. Use of the Pctures The snrrle set of sdes may be used wth the begnners' classes n the followng manner. The begnnng class may be shown the sdes throughout the course to present new materal and to clarfy skls learned. The methods class, thnkng n terms of analyss of coachng ponts, mght see these pctures n a progresson and related to the skls beng taught n actvty classes. After members of the class have

19 ~er==r============================4==== presented skls, t.he e.pproprate sdes may be projected for furt,her study and analyss. Tea.m play s.des may also be used wthn the class perods to test a. student's reeall and knowledge ;)f the stuaton. A p ssble sample test mght be used, smar to the the follewng page, to test a student's recall p0wer and kn0wledgg f the subject. The follelwng headngs e0uld be used t help the begnnng teacher channel her thgughts - P<::>s tonng, executo,n ef technques, follow-through (f any), and addtonal comments whe;h could be anythng else brought to the st.udents' mnd j -~==~==============================~===

20 ' 1.5 SOPHOMORE HOCKEY PCTURE J.lW..YSS _!loa tc nns Executon of Techn ~ Follow ~hrough Addtonal Comma 4o 5o Sa Outne the complete teachng progreas:lon t'or the left he.nd lunge ncludng your analyss of that sklo 7o What quates mght you look t'or n a forward? So Your lesson plan says t s tme to revew the drbble 9 crcular tackle and drvea Put these nto a practce drl usng all three n a sngle combnatono 9o Your begnnng hockey class has progressed to the pont where t s tme for them to go on the t'~eld and s1ja.rt team playo Outne yo~ me<;hod ',: 1: gettng them on the feld and holdng ther poston du:;':!..ng playo loo Lst fl ~ (5) co9chng pouta on each of the t'ollowng thnt you would gve to the del;use players a (a) "'OVER...TNG (b) MARKNG

21 1.6 Chapter V PRESENTATON AND ANALY~S OF SLDES A. Kodachrome Sde Presentaton Each skl s consdered n the followng manner: a pctured skl wth an dentfyng ttle B. Analyss - ths sts the approach, poston, correct and/or ncorrect, or the pctured skl C. Comments - any. addtonal thoughts or comments on the sde are mentoned under ths headng D. Test - n some cases, a test s set up to dentfy correct or ncorrect skls n terms or ndvdual or team play. e

22 . ndvdual Feld Hockey Skls Pcture Number A - The Grp The rront vew or the subject, showng close up or the top hand and proper grp. 1. Stck placed on the ground, to-e forward. 2. Left hand placed on the stck as f shakng hands. C. Comments - 1. A characterstc of ths subject s a forward head but proves very successful for her. Pcture Number A 2 - The Grp The front vew of the subject, showng close up of the turn of the top hand. 1. Left hand turns. 2. Back of left hand, facng forward. 3. Httng surface of the stck s forward.

23 ;1_8 C. Comments - Notce the wrst s :free :for :fle.xb ty and that the elbow s also :free o:f the body. Pcture Number A3 - The Grp The close up o:f the hands alone. 1. Rght hand placed on the stck several nches below the le:ft hand whch s at the top o:f the stck. 2. The le:ft hand s most mportant :for power and :flexbty. C. Comments - Some coaches mght comment on the turn o:f the top hand n ths subject. t s not necessary to have qute as much turn. However~ the hands do act ke a hnge jont. Pcture Number A4 - Grp and Body Poston ncorrect and correct grp shown by two subjects.

24 l. The subj~ct n the orange tunc s correct. 2. The subject n the black tunc s a pcture or awkwardness throughout. 3. The ncorrect subject n black - hands are placed too low on the stck. 4. Body s placed too low to the ground as a result or her hands. 5. Flexbty n the wrst acton s hndered by the poston or the bottom hand. C. Comments - Ths subject n black s an example or what sometmes happens to a begnner. D. Test - Whch player s correct? Gve your reasons ror the poor skl portrayed by one or these players. Pcture Number A5 - Grp and Body Poston A. ncorrect and correct grp shown by two subjects (same as Pcture Number A 4 ~ wth two drrerent subjects)

25 Pcture Number B 1 - The Drbble The front vew of the subject, showng body and hand postons. 1. Rght hand placed on the stck several nches below left hand. 2. Palm of rght hand facng forward. C. Comment - Notce the poston of the stck ahead and a ttle to the rght of the forward foot. The body s ncned forward, ready to move. Notce also that the elbows are free of the body. Pcture Number B2 - The Drbble Poston stck. Drbbng poston, both hands on the 1. Rght hand placed on the stck several nches below the left hand. 2. Same pcture as Pcture NumberA+,

26 21 except ths subject does rot have qute as much o a orward head. Both postons are e ectve or both subjects. C. Comments - Notce the poston o the body, ready to move. Pcture Number B3 ~ Poston o the Stck Angle o stck or drbble. l. Subject n black tunc has lad her stck back, thus would be unable to stop an oncomng ball. 2. The correct way shows that the httng sur ace s flat and behnd the ball. 3. The elbows are much reer o the body, so movement s not hndered. C. Comment - The body poston o a player should be movng n the drecton that she wants to go.

27 D. Test - How can the ncorrect player change the poston of the stck? Pcture Number B 4 - Drbbng Takng the correct poston of the hands, the subject begns to move nto the drbble. 1. Stck s ahead of the player. 2. Elbows are free.of the body. 3. The body and feet are gong n the drecton the player s movng. C. Comment The ball s carred by a seres of short taps and s kept close to the stck so that t s n control at all tmes. Pcture Number B5 - ncorrect Drbble The subject wth a poor hand poston tres to execute a drbble.

28 \ ---~ Hands too close. 2. Ball carred too far behnd body. 3. The shoulders are turned, thus could cause a foul f opponent were close by. C. Comments - Ths s a carryng poston whch a begnner qute often takes. Pcture Number C1 - Backswng of the Drve Ths s a poor presentaton of the backswng of the start of a drve. 1. The hands are together on the drve. 2. Elbows are free of the body. 3. Poor pcture because of a lack of back swng. C. Comment - The body s n a poor poston for a good backswng.

29 1: ;. ' L_. ======~~ ====================================================~r-=====,.,! e- l! Pcture Number c 2 - Drve, Follow Through - Hands together, body ncned forward, the subject executes the follow through of a drve. l. Hands together. 2. Body ncned forward. 3. Notce the feet are apart and that the C. Comment - knees are bent for good body movement.. Wrst acton at the moment of mpact wth the ball and fnshng wth a locked wrst to avod the foul stcks adds to the skl of the drve. Pctures Numbers G3 and C4 - Drve Both these pctures are the same as Pctures Numbers Cl and C2 wth a ttle more acton :::::::=====-~=-=-===========-=-~=~~=-==========================================* =-====== j 1 1, l ~~ ; \J ll \:,, ~ l.!,,!. j f 1:!!!!!,.,j '!!!l! J,,, j

30 r! l! l 1. Subject on the move. 2. Notce body poston. C. Comments - Ths player has a very defnte follow through. Pcture Number D 1 - Fck A fck s a pass that rases the ball off the ground. 1. Left hand grasps the top of the handle. 2. The rght hand holds the stck several nches down the handle. 3. Ths player uses her left foot forward; however~ 4. The body s low. many players use the rght. 5. The fck s a reachng stroke. The ball c. Co:rrments - s far from the foot and the player bends and extends. Ths player fnds t easer to do the fck r: l,,!, jl ll! ' " d! p : ' ' j,!! lj! L!. '.,! r,! ', ' ;}, ---- ~ 25

31 ,,., :: ll.!!! :, t l! wth the left foot forward. Wth begnners, beeve would teach t off the rght. Notce the possbty of the left hand for begnners touchng the knee. Ths player gets such a reach that for her t does not occur. Pcture Number E1 - The Scoop Sde vew of the ftng stroke of the scoop 1. Notce good body poston of player 2. The left hand holds the stck as n the drbble. 3. The rght hand, as stck s lad back, grabs just above the spcng. 4. The handle s out n front of players 1 ~! * r ' ',, ', l!! p H 1/!,! : lj. j', ' ' :.! '!, ',,, lj 26 left leg. C. C9rnments - h Scoop s used as a dodge forward over an opponent 1 s stck, as a shot; for a goal and/or as a pass. ' lf= H! '\

32 ! 27!L ' =========11 =====P==c=t=u=r=e==N=u=m=b==e=r==F=l==_==L~e=f=t==-H==a=n=d==L=u=n=g=e=========================±=-========.!, 1.11,.l_: Wth good extensfon of the body, the!! subject executes a left-hand lunge. jj '!,!,,, ;! ll 1. On the stck sde of her opponent, the left-hand lung e s valuable. 2. Lunger lunges forward on the left foot. 3. The stck s thrown downward across the body wth the rght hand. 4. The ball s blocked, not ht. C. Comments - n ths sde, the subject has just released her rght hand from the stck and from ths pont mght use t to balance her body poston. Pcture Number F2 - Left-Hand Lunge (Sde Angle) Sde angle s shown of the lunge to emphasze body poston. 1. Notce the lunge n the body.!: ====================:==========================~j======== ~ j 1 1! j!, Jl,.,!! t'!!,, p '!.,, '!! ' 1:! l ~ " j!l :l t! j! l!! ~!:,. ;j

33 ! r ; ' j. ; 2. Ball s blocked, not ht. C. Comment - The body should stl be n a poston to recover quckly to do somethng wth the blocked ball. Pcture Number F3 - Left-Hand Lunge Ths s another pcture of two subjects.executng the lunge - all analyss and comments are the same as Pctur e Number F2. Pcture Number F4..:. ncorrect Left-Hand Lunge Front vew of the subject executng an ncorrect left-hand lunge. 1. Stck must block the ball and can not ht the opponent's stck. 2. Watchng the ball wl help to emnate ths fault. 3. Stronger left wrst acton. C. Comment - Ths s a fault whch occurs wth many begnners.,., p ;: 28!l j;! ~! ~ j d! 1: :,!\ ' j.,, ' ' '! Jl 1 ',,! j! p ' ',.,,! l:! j ' ll 1: j, '.j j!,!! : r., d F

34 n ',. D. Test -,!! What s wrong wth ths skl? How would! e you correct t? e l Pcture Number Gl - Straght Tackle!! ll A f'ront vew of' the straght tackle~ showng the ball wth the tackler Eye on the ball. ll H,, 2. Tackler wants to meet the ball when t! B. Analyss s of'f' the oncomng player's stck., 3. The tackler's stck s placed on the!,, ground. '! 4. Notce the body poston - stl n a, c. Comment poston to contnue on movng. - Good players should not hestate to come! ' f'orward and tackle the player wth the ball. Even f' the ball s not taken away~ t wl.! ' most kely f'orce the player to pass. " ', '!,, lj ' ' j j! 29., ll,! ll!, j!!,, ' '1!!! '

35 " '!j, '! Pcture Number G2 - ncorrect Straght Tackle Sde vew of the straght tackl e showng poston of the stck. 1. Tackler has faed to keep her eye on the ball. 2. She has faed to keep her stck to the ground when approachng to tackle. ' " H l!! q d '!,,!l! " J ll! Jl, ',, H p l 1: d! p! 30 C. Comments - Agan ths s a common faure of begnners. D. Test - What s the abty of the black player to stop the ball? How wl she correct ths? Pcture Number H1- Dodge.to the Stck Sde A back vew of the player executng a dodge to the stck sde. 1. As the player approaches the opponent,

36 ll ---1 l,,,, the dodge s executed by a pull or the ball to the lert. 2. Good rootwork s essental. 3. Notce the momentum or the opponent C. Comment - carres her on. Ths dodge can be successful when done accurately and quckly. Pcture Number H 2 - Dodge to the Non-Stck Sde A sde vew pcture presented to show the speed wth whch ths can be done. B. Analyss l. The ball s sent to the non-stck sde or the opponent. 2. The ball s ht just rar enough to be C. Comment - able to run behnd the opponent and pck t up agan to contnue play. A player must watch that she s not sendng,, t! 1: jl l 31. the ball to an opponent. Good rootwork s a must.

37 ,, ' " Pctures Number H 3 and H 4 - Poorly tmed Dodge Two sdes whch attempt to show the tmng nvolved n the dodge to the nonstck sde. 1. The ball has been let go too soon. 2. A fast and alert opponent can antcpate. 3. Notce the opponent recovers the ball.,, d,.! ' t, ' \! r!!, ' " l C. Comment - The development of tmng s an mportant part of a player's skl. D. Test - What could you tell ths player to help her to be able to recover the ball? ' l,!! '.. Team Play A. Offensve Pcture Number A 1 - Start of Game!,j H ll! 1 :,,! _j Vew of the ne-up at the center bully.

38 33 1. Team uses all of the feld. 2. All players are ready to move.,,,, ' C. Comment - The space whch a good team can use makes for a wde open game wth drves and passes. D. Test - Name the players that would be ned up on the center ne. Pcture Number A2 - Twenty-fve Yard Bully A look from the rght of the feld (of the black team) at the twenty-fve yard bully. All players ready to move. C. Comment - The abty of a player to move when her team gets the ball s most mportant. 1 ' ll ;!

39 \1 '! D. Test - Name the players and poston them for a twenty-fve yard bully. Pcture Number.A 3 - Crcle Play Center forward, n a front vew, carres the ball nto the crcle. 1. The center forward, n a drbble, rushes the ball toward the goal. 2. Notce the body movement whch probably ndcates speed. : ' H l! 1 ' ~,! ' 1: 1: j,,:!!,,,.! '.! ' d! ', j ' '! '! 34, 3. Defens.e player has been left behnd and s makng an attempt wth a left-hand lunge. C. Comments - The abty of a player to rush the ball n the crcle s most essental. D. Test - d! '! 1: jl d /.! jl ' d '.! ~ What coachng ponts mght you gve ths forward? (,, d ;: ; >!.. 1: j\,.

40 j---"-----!1,, ' 1. q Pcture Number A 4 - Crcle Forward Play Vew from the goal of an oncomng forward player. 1. Notce the speed and push that ths player dsplays. 2. Defense seems to have been left behnd. 3. Other defense are comng n from the sdes C. Comment - D. Test - to cover the hole made by a teammate. Notce the body movement the center forward has as she rushes the ball n. What coachng ponts would you gve for the other players n ths pcture, other than the center forward? Pcture Number A5 - A. Presentaton Forward Pass Vew of the left wng gettng nto poston to make a rght drve. Bmton Unvf"f"<':rt) School of Educaton -, Ubrary ;; ~! 35 ' r -l ; l!,, '!,,!!l n p!!1!,,!:,, 1: ~ ' '! '!!! j. ll!l.! ~!,, ' h,, jl j! d!! 1:! ' ;!J.,!.,, l1 q,. ~!!\,,,. :!

41 36 1. The body keeps movng as the player prepares to drve. 2. Notce ths player has left her defense behnd her. 3. A quck pass must be made before the fullback can get nto poston. C. Cormnent - The eas~ and flow of movement that should occur from one movement to another s sometmes dffcult for players to learn. As n ths pcture, there s no stoppng whe one gets set for the drve. D. Test - To whom mght ths player be passng? Pcture Number A 6 - Feld Play Vew of the rght nner movng the ball down the feld wth support from her forward ne.,,,, ' '! J: r d :, ;

42 rj - Jl~--=-~======================= e 1, lj! l. A forward ne works together. 2. Notce the rght wng movng n ne C. Co:mlnent - wth her nner. Also the shadow n the pcture mght ndcate the center forward n ne also. 37,! '!! '! No team can functon wthout the teamwork of a forward ne. D. Test - What coachng ponts mght you have for the supportng ~layers n the pcture? Pcture Number A7 - Drve at the Edge of the Crcle Vew from the end ne of the rght nner at the edge of the strkng crcle. l. Drve when you ht the edge of the crcle. 2. Notce the forward ne together. 3. Notce the defense comng out. ~--=--. : ;! ;!

43 d " d! n! \ 38 C. Comment - The feeng a forward should have s ht and goj for not always s her shot made and she must be there to get the rebound. Pcture Number A 8 - Forward Pass Vew of the left wng n the back swng of a drve to center the ball. l. Notce player s rushng to get the ball off before the defense get on to \ '! her.. 2. The wng apparently got by her defense but she has recovered and s comng up to do a left-hand lunge. C. Comment - A quck fck of the wrst wl ad the wng n gettng rd of the ball. Pcture Number Ag - Rush for the Goal Vew of a center forward attemptng to get rd of the ball when closely marked.

44 39!j ' 1. Center forward wl have a hard tme to get the ball away before the defense reaches the ball unless she places her stck on the ground. C. Comment - An oncomng goae means thought and executon of the skl quckly. D. Test - What comments would you gve all players n ths pcture? Pcture Number A 10 - Forward Pass Vew of a center forward attemptng to get rd of the ball when closely marked. 1. Not too many avaable players to pass to. 2. Defense markng very closely. 3. Every eye on the player wth the ball.

45 40 1 : l! C. Comment - A clear-out to the sdenes would probably be her best bet. Pcture Number All - Forward :Movng the Ball Down The Feld Front vew of a player movng the ball down the feld n a drbble. l. Good body movement. 2. Ball kept close to the stck. 3. Drbble wl soon be neffectve as defense player moves n. ' C. Comment - The player looks to be wthn the strkng crcle so she could take ths drbble nto a fck or a quck drve to the goal. B. Defensve Pcture Number Bl - Defense of Goal Vew from behnd the goal of the poston l

46 d,; ---~ l!! '! - J! \ l e 1, j of the goal keeper n stoppng an easy oncomng ball. 1. Easy ball 2. Forward s not really rushng. 3. Goal keeper s n ready poston to C. Comment - clear the ball. Many begnners attempt to go out too far to stop an oncomng ball. Pcture Number B2 - Goae n Clear Sde vew of goae n actual clear from the goal. l. Notce good body poston and balance. 2. Notce that when possble she s clearng c~ Comments - wth her feet. No rushng forward makes t easy for ths goae.!!! ' 1 '! J '!! ll ll!! l ~,: t! '!j!l!',! tt ',! 1:,.,, jl!j! lj \! ',!!! H ' 1,, 1'! ;! 4:l

47 !! " h '!! D. Test - Lst three essental coachng ponts of a good goae. Pcture Number B3 - Goae nterference Endne vew of the goae who has come out on to the forward player. 1. Goae has come out to try to spo the forward 1 s shot for the goal. 2. Goae's eye s on the ball. 3. The quckest way to remove the ball s by a kck. C... Comment The goalkeeper must study the technques of her opponents to determne ther play n the crcle. D. Test - Are the other defense n ths pcture helpng the goae? : 1l ' ~~ H t j!! :.. H ' l.,!. ',, : j! '.,,!!! h H ll,, F! ( ll ' l.!!,: p 11! ~ 42

48 ' 43 ==== - Pcture Number B 4 - Fullback Covers _for the Goae Vew from besde the goal cage of a goalkeeper who was pulled out of poston and the fullback coverng for her. 1. Fullback pulled out of poston and unable to recover. 2. Coverng for the goae s the fullback. 3. Fullback has no goae prveges but can use her stck to clear the ball away from the goal and thus save what would have been a sure goal. C. Comment - Ths s one case when an alert teammate covered n an unusual stuaton - good team play. D. Test - jl ' What comments would you make about ths pcture as to postonng~ executon of technque, or follow through?. 11

49 ,, lj t ' Pcture Number B 5 - Defense Recovers. Front vew of the recovery of the left fullback to try to stop the nner who s about to shoot for the goal. 1. Defense should try to stay between the opp on.en t and the goal. 2. When defense does get out of poston, a quck recovery should be made. 3. Ths pcture looks ke the defense has recovered possesson of the ball - now she must do somethng wth t. c ~c cc oc:.:-.-:=-~- j.! '. C. Comment - t s a dffcult thng to get across to players to try to stay wth the game even though they have made a mstake. Pcture Number B5 - Defense Recovers n the Crcle Vew from the endne of a fullback who s comng over to get rd of a ball that seems to be loose n the crcle. --~-===:c:: ::.-c-:::-.:~-=.:=-...:==----=.=c=.===-'' "-=-=-===----=:-:c~.= -=-~=:-..=c.=:==.==c::-c-"'=-- d --'"'--===--==-'-"

50 lj ' l. A ~uck-movng player can help cover when a teammate gets le~t behnd. 2. The turn o~ the de~ense 1 s shoulders looks ke she s gong to clear the ball out to the sde and down the sde. C. Comment - A rushng ~orward makes an even faster recovery and get-away from the fullback. Pcture Number B7 - Defense Markng,, A vew from the endne o~ a markng defense player. 1. Fullback marks the nner. 2. Her poston s between her opponent and the goal. 3. Notce the goae who s n poston n case the ~ullback should mss. 1 C. Comment - Good footwork makes t possble for a 1 player to be n poston.!,, '

51 j 46 Pcture Number Bs - Defense Does a Crcular Tackle A vew of the completon of a crcular tackle. l. f a defense player fnds herself on the left sde of her opponent a crcular tackle could be executed. 2. Notce the body poston of the player away from her opponent so that a foul of obstructon wl not occur. 3. Now that she has successfully tackled the forward, she must change drecton! C. Comment - of the ball. A very adept player can execute a good crcular tackle. D. Test - What coachng ponts would you gve for a crcular tackle?

52 47 ======== Pcture Number Bg - Out or Poston A vew of a stuaton that so often happens when one player plays out of poston. 1. One player should be defendng. 2. The left nner s attemptng to make a play and the center and rght half are tryng to cover for the fullback who was left behnd. 3. Teamwork should nclude only one player from each ball at the same tme. C. Connnent - n begnnng play, one thng a coach has to mpress upon the players s that the whole team does not play the ball at once.!. Pcture Number B 10 - Good Defense Markng A. Presentaton A vew from the endne of defense play n the crcle. 1. n the crcle especally, a defense player ===--==.==--1--~.:===-: '

53 ! " 48 ~ ~~=~-=-'""'~ ==--= should mark closely. 2. Notce n the pcture that the left nner s marked by the ftlllback, the center forward by the center half, the rght '' nner by the l.eft fullback. 3. Wde open and better play s possble when players play ther own pos t.ons. C. Comment - Close markng s possble but stl every eye s on the ball. D. Test - What coachng ponts do you have to offer about the postonng n ths pcture? Makes an Attempt to Recover The followng vews are varous attempts made by the defense player who has been left behnd and tres to recover. 1. Defense should stay between her opponent and the goal.

54 , lj'! ' r she does get lert behnd an attempt should be made to recover. 3. By means or a crcular tackle, lunge, or a job C. Comment - n recoverng a player must be carerul not to f'oul. Pcture Number B16 - Derense FouJs- Stcks Vew rrom the endne of' a defense player makng stcks n attempt to recover the ball. The defense player n yellow attempts a lert-hqnd lunge. n dong so, she fts her ),, ' stck above shoulder heght. C. Comment - The opponent gets a free ht n the game D. Test - when a f'oul occurs. What would you tell ths defense player.. to do to avod stcks?_ ~~-~~11= ~ ~-~~==~-~~-~~~== --~=~=~= ~~ = -t~~~~! t: t ' ),

55 ., r 50 ====== =-= a. === Pcture Number B 17 - Obstructon!! Front vew of a defense and forward player causng obstructon on the feld of play. l. A player must keep the ball between her opponent and herself. 2. No body contact at all s possble. c. Comment - Obstructon s a foul commtted by all begnners. They should be made aware of ths just as soon as possble.

56 51 Chapter V SUMMARY AND CONCLUSONS The major purpose of tb.e study was to develop a seres f thrty- fve mmeter kodachrome sdes f r the use wth begnners 1 and met.h ds classes n the teachng G>f feld hoc-key skls.a survey was made te seleet the skls to be ph tegraphed. The specfc skls were then phgtographed wth the use of skled demonstrat rs. Begnners r c,lasses and metheds elasses Jllay use these sdes t ntroduce materals or to study n deta fgr eoa~hng ponts. These sdes may alae be used wth begnners n ~he secondary scho l level. The followng reeommenda tona f r further study are made: 1. the development o:f a test to determne the effeetveness ef the use of these sdes wth begnners' elasses ;::. the development ot a more ebj ee.tve test t be used wth the methods class. B; '<\ton Un~r.>lty ochool of Edue&ton UbratY..-

57 52 ~-~=9F===============~========~=====9F==== 3 the &ddt.on J' skl sdes t~ the sefes.. ~-b-==~================================~=====

58 53 BBLOGRAPHY Books 1. Dale, Edgar. Audo-Vsual Methods n Teachng. New York: The Dryden Press, Knder, James S. Audo-Vsual Materals and Technques. New York: Amercan Book Company, Hass, B. Kenneth and Packer, Q. Harry. Preparaton and Use of Audo-Vsual Ads. New York: Prentce Hall~ nc., Wttch, Arno Walter, Ph.D. and Schuller, Francs Charles, Ph.D. Audo-Vsual Materals - Ther Nature and Use. New York: Harper and Brothers, Myer, 'argaret and Schwarz, Marguerte. Technc of Team Sports for Women. New York: Prentce-Hall, nc., All England Women's Hockey Assocaton. Women's Hockey, London: MacDonald and Evans, Ltd., Taylor, Eeen. Coachng Hockey n Schools. Marjore Pollard Pubcatons, Ltd. Oxford: 8. Lees, Josephne. Feld Hockey for Grls. A. S. Barnes and Company, New York: Audo-Vsual Materals 1. Moton Pcture Fms (16 mm., sent, n color) No. 2 - No. 3 - Elementary Technques, Part, 450 ft. Elementary Technques, Part, 450 ft. Fm Dstrbutors - Joan Murphy, 505 Armstrong Avenue, Brooklyn Terrace, Wmngton, Delaware.

59 ..,. ' JL_ -- H --!'!, '., ' )! Fm Loop prodmced by All England Women 1 s Hockey Assocaton, London. Yansh, Dorothy and Landsh, Jean. Feld Hockey Fm Strps. Natonal Secton on Grls 1 and Women's Sports, 16th Street, Washngton 6, D. C.