t h e h i s t o r y a b o u t BASEBALL Designed by Megan Bergeson

Transcription

1 t h e h i s t o r y a b o u t BASEBALL Designed by Megan Bergeson

2 DEDICATION CONTENTS This book is dedicated to the Rambow family. They hold baseball close to their hearts and think of it as more than just a game. It is something that brings the family closer and something that is in the Rambow blood. A special thank you to my Grandpa Gerald Rambow who taught me how important it is to never miss a game. 4 1st Inning Beginnings to 1900s I see great things in baseball. It s our game--the American game. It will take our people out-of-doors, fill them with oxygen, give them a larger physical stoicism. Tend to relieve us from being a nervous, dyspeptic set. Repair these losses, and be a blessing to us. -Walt Whitman Baseball is more than a game to me, it s a religion. -William Joseph Klem Baseball is the only field of endeavour where a man can succeed three times out of ten and be considered a good performer. -Theodore Samuel Ted Williams nd Inning 1900 to rd Inning 1910 to th Inning 1920 to th Inning 1930 to th Inning 1940 to th Inning 1950 to th Inning 1960 to th Inning 1970 to Modern Day 22 10th Inning Glossary 2 4

3 1ST INNING: BEGINNINGS TO 1900 S Abner Doubleday (Union General) was credited for inventing baseball in Cooperstown, New York. Alexander Cartwright Father of Modern Base Ball established the first organized ball club, New York Knickerbocker Base Ball Club. Inducted in Seven states seceded from the Union, the Civil War begins th amendment passed, freed all slaves W.A. Candy Cummings threw the first curve ball. Some thought of it as unfair to deceive the batter. The National Association of Professional Base Ball Players was established as the sport s first major league. First Louisville Slugger was made by Bud Hillerich for Pete Browning, star of Louisville s professional team, the Eclipse Denton True Young (Cyclone) took the mound for the first time and threw his first no-hitter in Inducted in 1939 Inducted in 1937 Brooklyn Bridge opens, one of the oldest bridges in the United States Ellis Island immigration station opened which processed 450,000 immigrants in the first year American Baseball Legend One summer afternoon a group of boys of the Otsego Academy were playing a game of town ball. The rules were so loose that every hit was fair and boys ran into one another. That day, player Abner Doubleday sat down and drew up the rules for a new game, and called it baseball. Doubleday would eventually become a hero at the battle of Gettysburg and this game would become the national pastime... or so the old story has it. New York Knickerbockers The Knickerbocker Ball Club consisted of twenty-eight young men, most belonging to a volunteer fire company. The Knickerbockers decreed that the infield be diamond shaped rather than square. First and third were set fortytwo paces apart. The balk was outlawed, foul lines were established, the batter got three missed swings and the runners were to be tagged out and not thrown at. Curveball Invented Candy Cummings became a member of the Brooklyn Stars after demonstrating his revolutionary curve. The secret, he said, was to give the ball a sharp twist with the middle finger which causes it to revolve with a swift rotary motion. The National League The National League had eight original members: the Boston Red Stockings (now the Atlanta Braves), Chicago White Stockings (now the Chicago Cubs), Cincinnati Red Stockings, Hartford Dark Blues, Louisville Grays, Mutual of New York, Philadelphia Athletics and the St. Louis Brown Stockings. Louisville Slugger has sold more than 100,000,000 60% in the past decade, 7 bats, of all Major League players currently use Louisville Slugger and national college baseball champions hammered their way to the top with Louisville Slugger TPX bats. Legendary pitcher, Cy Young holds the records for most career... Pitches with Games started with Wins with More wins than any other pitcher in history No-hitters throughout his career 7,

4 2ND INNING: The American League The American League (AL) has one notable difference over the National League, which is the designated hitter rule. Under the rule, a team may use a batter in their lineup who is not in the field defensively, compared to the old rule that made it mandatory for the pitcher to hit TO 1910 William McKinley assassinated, Theodore Roosevelt became president First World Series 1904 World Series Due to a business rivalry between the two leagues, especially in New York, there was a personal animosity between Giants manager John McGraw and American League president Ban Johnson. The Giants declined to meet the champions of the junior (or minor ) league. McGraw said his Giants were already the world champions because they were the champions of the only real The 1901 season was the first The 1903 World Series was the first season that the American League modern World Series played in Major Alta Weiss Hisrich, was an American was classified as a major league. League Baseball. It matched the minor league baseball pitcher from Ohio The AL comprised of the Chicago Boston Americans of the American who drew large crowds to exhibition White Stockings, Boston Americans, League against the Pittsburgh Pirates games at minor league and major Detroit Tigers, Philadelphia Athletics, of the National League in a best-of-nine league venues in Ohio and Kentucky. Baltimore Orioles, Washington series. Boston prevailed five games to She was an early semi-professional Senators, Cleveland Blues and three, winning the last four. female baseball player who went on to Milwaukee Brewers. major league. Inducted in 1936 Ty Cobb Ty Cobb may have been the best allaround baseball player that ever lived. But one thing s for sure, Cobb had a burning desire to win. Cobb was known for his aggressive base running style and his ability to hit to all fields. He won nine consecutive AL batting titles from 1907 to 1915 and three more in his career. He hit.320 or better for 22 consecutive seasons, including over.400 three times. Inducted in 1936 Alta Weiss become a physician. Einstein developed theory of relativity Walter Johnson One of the most celebrated and dominating players in baseball history, Johnson established several pitching records, some of which remain unbroken. He remains by far the all-time career leader in shutouts with 110, second in wins with 417, and fourth in complete games with 531. He once held the career record in strikeouts with 3,508 and was the only player in the 3,000 strikeout club for over 50 years until Bob Gibson recorded his 3,000th strikeout in Johnson led the league in strikeouts with a Major League record 12 times one more than current strikeout leader Nolan Ryan including a record eight consecutive seasons. Model T Ford appeared on the market 1908 Baseball Anthem Take Me Out to the Ball Game may be one of the most universally known and enjoyed songs in America these days. Written in 1908 by Vaudeville, star singer and songwriter Jack Norworth, the music was added by Albert Von Tilzer. Neither the lyricist nor the musician had ever been to a baseball game before and the song was about wishing to attend one, imagining what it would be like American League Created First World Series World Series not played Ty Cobb Alta Weiss Walter Johnson Johnson s All-Time Records 6 vs Wright Brothers made their first flight 9th 2nd 3rd 7th Strikeouts Wins Innings ERA 3, ,

5 3RD INNING: 1910 TO 1920 President William Howard Taft Grover Cleveland Alexander 1912 Titanic sinks Fenway Park Opens Fenway Park is a baseball park in Boston, Massachusetts. It has been the home of the Boston Red Sox Major League Baseball team since it opened in 1912 and it is the oldest ballpark in MLB. It is the fourth smallest among MLB ballparks by seating capacity, second smallest by total capacity, and one-of-eight that cannot accommodate at least 40,000 spectators. The influenza epidemic Spanish flu spans the globe, killing over twenty million worldwide and five hundred and forty-eight thousand people in the United States World War I Biggest Scandal in Baseball History Shoeless Joe Jackson Opening Day First Pitch Grover Cleveland Alexander Major League Stadium Seating Players Enter the War Black Sox Scandal Joe Jackson 8 In 1910 President Taft threw out the first pitch on opening day, since that day nearly every president has partaken in the tradition and thrown out the first pitch. Presidential Pitching Records Total opening day pitches Franklin Delano Roosevelt Dwight D. Eisenhower Harry Truman George H.W. Bush Grover Cleveland Alexander broke into the big leagues with an impressive rookie season in 1911 with the Philadelphia Phillies, setting a rookie record with 28 wins. He won pitching s Triple Crown in 1915, 1916, and 1920, and is sometimes credited with a fourth in In 1915, he was instrumental in leading the Phillies to their first pennant, and he pitched a record four one-hitters. Rookie Season Records 28 wins 31 complete games 367 innings pitched 7 shutouts Career League Leads 5-time leader in ERA 5-time leader in wins 6-time leader in innings 6-time leader in strikeouts Inducted in 1938 Largest MLB Stadium Capacity Dodger Stadium, Los Angeles, Calif. (56,000) Fenway Park Capacity Boston, Mass. (37,499) World War One also known as the Great War, was a global war centered in Europe that began in More than 9 million combatants and 7 million civilians died as a result of the war. It was one of the deadliest conflicts in history, paving the way for major political changes, including revolutions in many of the nations involved. The war first shut down the minor leagues, one by one and caused Major League Baseball to shorten its 1918 season, ending it on Labor Day, Monday, September 2. Notable players who missed considerable playing time due to military service in World War I include Hall of Famers Grover Cleveland Alexander, Ty Cobb, Branch Rickey, Red Faber, Jud Wilson and Harry Heilmann Alexander Graham Bell conducts first telephone conversation The 1919 World Series matched the American League champion Chicago White Sox against the National League champion Cincinnati Reds. Although most World Series have been of the best-of-seven format, the 1919 World Series was a best-of-nine series. Baseball decided to try the best-of-nine to increase popularity of the sport and generate more revenue. This world series is known for the Black Sox Scandal, when several members of the Chicago franchise conspired with gamblers to throw the World Series. The players conspired because they thought they were not getting a fair amount of pay from the managers. In 1920, the various franchise owners installed Kenesaw Mountain Landis as the first Commissioner of Baseball. In 1921, eight players from the White Sox, including superstars Shoeless Joe Jackson and Eddie Cicotte, were banned from organized baseball for fixing the series (or having knowledge about the fix). Jackson was the unquestioned star of the team. The left fielder hit.351 that season, fourth in the league and in the AL s top five in slugging percentage, runs batted in, total bases and base hits. As a result of Jackson s association with the scandal, Kenesaw Mountain Landis, Major League Baseball s first commissioner, banned Jackson from playing after the 1920 season. Since then, Jackson s guilt has been disputed, and his expulsion from baseball during the prime of his career made him one of the game s legendary figures. Jackson, who played left field for most of his career, currently has the third-highest career batting average in major league history. In 1911, Jackson hit for a.408 average. It is still the sixth-highest single-season total since 1901, which marked the beginning of the modern era for the sport. His average that year also set the record for batting average in a single-season by a rookie. Babe Ruth said that he modeled his hitting technique after Jackson s. 9

6 4TH INNING: 1920 TO 1930 Stock Market Crash 1929 Raymond Johnson Chapman was an American baseball player, spending his entire career as a shortstop for Cleveland Ray Chapman Chapman was hit in the head by a pitch thrown by Yankees pitcher Carl Mays, and died 12 hours later. He remains the only Major League Baseball player to have died from an injury received at a baseball game. His death led to Major League Baseball establishing a rule requiring umpires to replace the ball whenever it became dirty, and it was partially the reason the spitball was banned after the 1920 season. Chapman s death was also one of the examples used to emphasize the need for wearing batting helmets (although the rule was not adopted until over 30 years later). George Harmon Ruth National Prohibition Law takes effect Ruth has been called an American original, undoubtedly the game s first great slugger and the most celebrated athlete of his time. Soon after honing his skills at St. Mary s Industrial School for Boys in Baltimore, he came to the big leagues as a lefty pitcher with the Red Sox, where he won 89 games in six years while setting the World Series record for consecutive scoreless innings. Due to his prodigious power he was shifted to the outfield after his sale to the Yankees in Ruth retired in 1935, ending his 22-year big league career with 714 home runs, including his remarkable 60 in His lifetime statistics also include 2,873 hits, 506 doubles, 2,174 runs, 2,213 RBI, a.342 batting average, a.474 on-base percentage and a.690 slugging percentage. George Harmon Babe Ruth Inducted in 1936 The Great Bambino 7x World Series Champ 6x American League RBI Champ 12x AL Home Run Champ 2x All-Star Fans could now listen at home instead of going to the games Baseball on the Radio Radio swept across America, capturing the hearts and imagination of an entire nation. Radio coverage of the national pastime became an integral part of baseball s success. Initially, team owners were reluctant to broadcast home games for fear that fans would stay home and listen rather than pay to see the games at the ballpark. They soon discovered that local broadcasts only further heightened interest in the game and dramatically increased attendance. Henry Louis Gehrig, known as Iron Man Lou Gehrig. Inducted in 1939 Lou Gehrig Gehrig wore uniform number four, because he hit behind Babe Ruth, number three. One of the most magnificent hitters and run producers in history, Gehrig was always overshadowed by Ruth. Who was not only an unparalleled hitter, but was as outgoing and flamboyant as Gehrig was reserved and quiet. He just went out and did his job every day. - said his teammate, Hall of Famer Bill Dickey. Gehrig scored over 100 runs and drove in over 100 runs for 13 straight seasons. He led the American League in runs four times, home runs three times, runs-batted in five times, onbase percentage five times, and batting average once. He finished among the league s top three hitters seven times. He racked up eight 200-plus hit seasons. The 1927 Yankees are known as one of the greatest line-ups in baseball history. Murderers Row Murderers Row was the nickname given to the New York Yankees baseball team of 1927, widely considered one of the best teams in history. The nickname is in particular describing the first six hitters in the 1927 team lineup. 1. Earle Combs 2. Mark Koenig 3. Babe Ruth 4. Lou Gehrig 5. Bob Meusel 6. Tony Lazzeri 500 Home Run Club Barry Bonds 762 Hank Aaron 755 Babe Ruth 714 Willie Mays 660 Alex Rodriguez 654 Ken Griffey, Jr. 630 Jim Thome 612 Sammy Sosa 609 Frank Robinson 586 Mark McGwire 583 Harmon Killebrew 573 Rafael Palmeiro 569 Reggie Jackson 563 Manny Ramirez 555 Mike Schmidt 548 Mickey Mantle 536 Jimmie Foxx 534 Ted Williams 521 Willie McCovey 521 Frank Thomas 521 Eddie Mathews 512 Ernie Banks 512 Mel Ott 511 Gary Sheffield 509 Eddie Murray 504 Albert Pujols 500 In 1929 Babe Ruth was the first player in baseball to ever hit 500 home runs, essentially establishing the 500 home run club

7 5TH INNING: 1930 TO 1940 Hitler elected chancellor of Germany, first Natzi camp established. Babe Ends his Career in 1935 World War II begins Ruth becomes the highest paid athlete in history. Josh Gibson was a great Negro League ball player. Inducted in players in MLB have hit four HRs in a single game. Bobby Lowe Ed Delahanty Lou Gehrig Chuck Klein Pat Seerey Gil Hodges Joe Adcock Rocky Colavito Willie Mays Mike Schmidt Bob Horner Mark Whiten Mike Cameron Shawn Green Carlos Delgado Josh Hamilton Babe Ruth s All-Time Records 1st Slugging % st OPS nd RBI List - 2,213 3rd On-Base % rd Home Run List th Walk List - 2,062 6th Runs List - 2,174 10th Batting Average Lou Gehrig 7x All Star 2x American League MVP Triple Crown Winner Yankees retired Gehrig s uniform No. 4. First player in MLB history to be given this honor Babe Ruth signs with Yankees Ruth resigned with the Yankees in 1930 and was paid the largest sum ever paid to a ball player to that point, it represented 40 percent of the team s player payroll. During that season Ruth was asked by a reporter what he thought of his yearly salary of $80,000 being more than President Hoover s $75,000. His response was, I know, but I had a better year than Hoover. America enters the Great Depression, fans cannot afford to go to baseball games. Josh Gibson Joshua Gibson was an American who played the position of catcher in baseball s Negro leagues. He became a professional by accident while sitting in the stands. When Homestead Grays catcher Buck Ewing injured his hand, Gibson was invited to replace him because his titanic home runs were already well known in Pittsburgh. His legendary feats with the Homestead Grays have many experts regarding Gibson as the sport s greatest home run hitter. Negro leagues statistics of the time are largely incomplete. But the legend of Gibson s power has always been larger than life. Gehrig hits four home runs Iron Man Lou Gehrig, the first baseman for the New York Yankees, became the first American League and modern player in baseball history to hit four home runs in one game. Writers of Sporting News described hitting four home runs in a single Major League Baseball game as baseball s greatest single-game accomplishment. First All-Star Game The first Major League All-Star Game was played on July 6, 1933 at Comiskey Park in Chicago. The game was established to boost ticket sales during The Great Depression and was such a success, MLB made it an annual occurrence. First game played under the lights The first big league night game in 1935 drew 25,000 fans. President Roosevelt symbolically switched on the lights from Washington, D.C. to capitalize on the new evening fan base. Today, over 80 percent of Major League Baseball games are played at night, under the lights. Day games Night games National Baseball Hall of Fame The National Baseball Halll of Fame was established in It was started as a promotion for MLB to bring in more fans during The Great Depression. The National Baseball Hall of Fame has 406 members inducted so far. 33 Executives 10 Umpires 23 Managers Lou Gehrig Ends Career Gehrig is chiefly known for playing in 2,130 consecutive games for the Yankees, a magnificent streak thought to have been unbreakable, until Cal Ripken, Jr. came along. Gehrig s consecutive games streak came to an end on May 2, 1939, when he removed himself from the lineup after a dismal start caused by his mysterious neuromuscular disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, or ALS, later known as Lou Gehrig s Disease. Lou Gehrig was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in In light of his progressive illness, the usual two-year waiting period after a player retires was waived in Gehrig s case Players

8 6TH INNING: 1940 TO minor leagues survived during the war years compared to 44 circuits that operated in Number of players who served in WWII ,076 Minor League The war took three years away from Joe s professional baseball career, he left in 1944 and returned in Ted Williams is known as one of baseball s greatest hitters, spending his entire career with the Boston Red Sox. Branch Rickey invented the farm league system or minor leagues Jackie Robinson was National League Rookie of the Year with 12 homers, and a league-leading 29 steals. Paige compiled 64 consecutive scoreless innings, a stretch of 21 straight wins Inducted in 1955 Inducted in 1966 Inducted in Inducted in 1939 Inducted in Major League Joe DiMaggio Ted Williams Branch Rickey All-American Girls Professional Baseball League Jackie Robinson Satchel Paige 14 Joseph Paul Joe DiMaggio, The Yankee Clipper, was an American center fielder who played his entire 13-year career for the New York Yankees. He is perhaps best known for his 56-game hitting streak. 9x World Series Champion 10x American League Pennant Winner 3x American League MVP Japanese attack Pearl Harbor and the United States enters the war. Williams played his entire 19-year Major League career as the left fielder for the Boston Red Sox. Williams is known as one of the greatest hitters in baseball history. He finished his career with a.344 batting average, 521 home runs and a.482 onbase percentage, the highest of all time. His batting average is the highest of any MLB player with 302 or more home runs. 2x American League MVP 6x American League Batting Champ 17x American League All-Star 2x Triple Crown Winner Wesley Branch Rickey was best known for breaking Major League Baseball s color barrier by signing African American player Jackie Robinson. He also drafted the first Afro-Hispanic superstar, Roberto Clemente, and he created the framework for the modern minor league farm system. He encouraged the Major Leagues to add new teams through his involvement in the proposed Continental League. Rickey also introduced the modern batting helmet. By the fall of 1942, many minor league teams disbanded due to the war. Young men, 18 years of age and over, were being drafted into the armed services. There was a fear this pattern would continue and Major League Baseball Parks across the country would be in danger of collapse. Philip K. Wrigley, the chewing-gum mogul had inherited the Chicago Cubs franchise from his father. Wrigley recommended a girls softball league be established. This league would go into Major League parks if attendance fell due to franchises losing too many quality players to the war. The women s league created crowds to help keep baseball alive during the war but disbanded in D-Day Invasion The second baseman played for the Kansas City Monarchs as a part of the Negro Leagues until Brooklyn Dodgers general manager Branch Rickey decided he wanted to integrate baseball. Rickey wanted Robinson not only for his talent and style of play, but also because of his demeanor. He knew he was sending him down a tough road and thought Robinson was the man to handle it without fighting back. Robinson endured teammates and crowds who opposed his presence and threats to himself and his family, with honor and grace. He made his major league debut on April 15, Paige was a right-handed pitcher and was the oldest rookie to play in MLB at the age of 42. He played with the St. Louis Browns until age 47, and represented them at the All-Star Game in 1952 and Paige was among the most famous and successful players from the Negro leagues. While his outstanding control as a pitcher first got him noticed, it was his infectious, cocky, enthusiastic personality and his love for the game that made him a star. 15

9 7TH INNING: 1950 TO 1960 Unbreakable Records Pitching Career Wins Cy Young, 511 Season Wins Old Hoss Radbourn, 59 Career Shutouts Walter Johnson, 110 What are the odds of throwing a Perfect Game? 1 in 18,192 (at least) You have better odds of... Winning $400 on a lottery scratch off ticket 1 in 12,000 Having a randomly picked clover be a four-leaf clover 1 in 10,000 Getting four of a kind in a five-card poker hand 1 in 4,164 Career No-hitters Nolan Ryan, Mickey Mantle Inducted in 1974 Mickey Charles Mantle nicknamed The Commerce Comet or The Mick, was an American Major League centerfielder and first baseman for the New York Yankees for 18 seasons, from 1951 through Mantle is known by many to be the greatest switch hitter of all time. He was an All-Star 20 times and was an American League Most Valuable Player three times. Mantle appeared in 12 World Series, helping the Yankees win seven of them. He holds the records for most World Series home runs (18), RBIs (40), extra-base hits (26), runs (42), walks (43) and total bases (123). In Game 2 of the 1951 World Series on a ball stroked by Willie Mays, Mickey tripped on the drain pipe cover destroying the ligaments in his knee. With it went the promise of a career that could have gone on to lengths beyond what he accomplished while forever being wrapped in bandages and permanently hobbled. Career Strike-outs Career Saves Hitting Career Hits Career Triples Season Triples Career Batting Average Career On-Base % Longest Hitting Streak Other Career Stolen Bases Career All-Star Games Most Games Managed Nolan Ryan, 5,714 Mariano Rivera, 652 Pete Rose, 4,256 Sam Crawford, 309 Chief Wilson, 36 Ty Cobb,.366 Tedd Williams,.482 Joe DiMaggio, 56 games Rickey Henderson, 2,632 Hank Aaron, 25 Connie Mack, 7, Brown vs. Board of Education (ended segregation) Willie Mays Inducted in 1979 Willie Mays spent most of 1952 and all of 1953 in the Army, but in 1954, Mays showed his all-around ability on the field. He led the league with a.345 batting average and 13 triples, while blasting 41 homers and ringing up 110 runs batted in. Willie Mays played for the New York and San Fransico Giants for 21 seasons. Mays is known for his catch in the 1954 World Series vs. the Dodgers. The Giants went on to win the game and sweep the series. The Catch is considered by many to be the greatest defensive play ever Rosa Parks refuses to give up seat on the bus Don Larsen Pitches Perfect Game During a 15-year MLB career, Larsen pitched from for seven different teams. Larsen pitched the sixth perfect game in MLB history, doing so in Game 5 of the 1956 World Series. It is currently the only no-hitter or perfect game in World Series history and is one of only two no-hitters in MLB postseason history. He won the World Series Most Valuable Player award and Babe Ruth Award in recognition of his 1956 postseason. 23 pitchers in Major League history have pitched a perfect game. 9 National League pitchers 14 American League pitchers MLB Move of the 1950s The first move was the Boston Braves, who relocated (for 1953) to Milwaukee, home of their top farm team, the Milwaukee Brewers. Other owners took notice and began their relocation threats as well. The St. Louis Browns moved to Baltimore in 1954, becoming the Baltimore Orioles. The Philadelphia Athletics moved to Kansas City in The Brooklyn Dodgers and New York Giants both moved to Califonia in hopes to find a new fan base market. On Sept. 29, 1957, the New York Giants baseball team played its final game in Manhattan. The Giants moved to San Francisco the following year, while its National League rivals, the Brooklyn Dodgers, moved to Los Angeles. Vietnam War Begins. Roy Campenella Inducted in 1969 In 1951, Campanella won the National League Most Valuable Player award, while, hitting.325 with 33 home runs and 108 RBI. He won his second MVP in 1953 while driving in a record (since broken) 142 runs as a catcher, then grabbed a third MVP award in 1955 while leading the Dodgers to their first World Series title. His production dropped during the 1956 and 1957 seasons, but Campanella appeared energized by the Dodgers move to Los Angeles before the 1958 season. Late in January Campanella lost control of a rented car on a patch of ice on an S-curve in Long Island, N.Y. Campanella suffered a broken fifth vertebra in his back, costing him almost complete use of his body below the shoulders. He finished his 10-year big league career with 242 home runs, 856 RBI and five postseason appearances. 17

10 8TH INNING: 1960 TO Cuban misslile crisis Pete s All -Time Records in the MLB 1965 Washington Senators move to Bloomington, MN. Bill Mazeroski earned eight Golden Glove awards throughout his career. Inducted in 2001 Roger Maris has been on the Hall of Fame ballot four times but has never received enough votes to be inducted. Casey Stengle played from and managed from , oldest manager in baseball history. Inducted in 1966 Most career hits Most career outs Most career games played Most career at-bats Most career singles Most career runs by a switch hitter Most career doubles by a switch hitter Most career walks by a switch hitter Most seasons with 600 at-bats Playing in the most winning games 4,256 10,328 3,562 14,053 3,215 2, , ,972 After admitting to betting on baseball while playing and managing Pete hoped to get reinstated into the game. He had applied to be reinstated four times but always was denied Neil Armstrong becomes first man on the moon. Sandy Koufax, a Pitching Legend 6 Seasons 4 No Hitters Perfect Game 3 Cy Young Awards Bill Mazeroski Roger Maris Casey Stengle Pete Rose Sandy Koufax 18 William Stanley Mazeroski spent his entire career in Major League Baseball as a second baseman for the Pittsburgh Pirates ( ). A key member of the Pirates World Series-winning teams in 1960 and He is known as one of the greatest defensive second basemen of all time, and perhaps best known for winning the 1960 World Series with a dramatic game-ending home run. Mazeroski s home run remains the only one to win a World Series Game 7. New York Yankee outfielder Roger Maris, of Fargo, North Dakota, is best known for hitting 61 home runs in His 61 in 61 set a new major league baseball record, breaking Babe Ruth s previous mark of 60 in Roger and teammate Mickey Mantle entertained baseball fans throughout the summer of 61 as the two New York Yankee sluggers chased the record that many called the most cherished in all of sports. Mickey dropped out of the home run race early due to an injury, but finished with a career-high 54 home runs. Roger tied Ruth on September 26, hitting his 60th home run. He hit his 61st home run on the final day of the season, October 1, 1961, against the Boston Red Sox to set a new record. The Yankees won the game, 1-0, and later went on to win the World Series. Roger was voted the Most Valuable Player in the American League for the second straight year, as he led the league in home runs and RBI. Stengel is the only man to have worn the uniform (as player or manager) of all four Major League Baseball teams in New York City in the 20th century: The New York Giants (as a player), the Brooklyn Dodgers (as both a player and a manager), the New York Yankees (as a manager) and the New York Mets (as a manager). His uniform number 37 has been retired by both the Yankees and the Mets. He was the first of four men to manage both the New York Yankees and New York Mets. He also managed the Braves and the Dodgers while ending his baseball career as the beloved manager for the then expansion New York Mets. Rose, a switch hitter for the Cincinnati Reds was one of the greatest players in baseball. He won three World Series rings, three batting titles, one Most Valuable Player award, two Gold Gloves, the Rookie of the Year award. Rose, a switch hitter, is the all-time Major League leader in hits (4,256), games played (3,562), at-bats (14,053), singles (3,215),and outs (10,328). He won three World Series rings and made 17 All-Star appearances at an unequaled five different positions (2B, LF, RF, 3B, and 1B). Sanford Sandy Koufax was a left-handed pitcher, playing his entire Major League Baseball career for the Brooklyn/Los Angeles Dodgers, from 1955 to He became the youngest player ever elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame, at the age of 36. Koufax is also remembered as one of the outstanding Jewish athletes in American sports. His decision not to pitch Game 1 of the 1965 World Series because it fell on Yom Kippur gained national attention as an example of conflict between professional pressures and personal beliefs. Sandy Koufax s career was cut short due to arthritis in his left elbow. He ended his career prematurely at age 30. Inducted in

11 9TH INNING: 1970 TO MODERN DAY 1973 Designated Hitter On January 11, 1973, the owners of America s 24 major league baseball teams vote to allow teams in the American League (AL) to use a designated pinch-hitter that could bat for the pitcher, while still allowing the pitcher to stay in the game. Facts you didn t know about Rose 1. Rose was in debt over $67,000 from gambling. 2. Rose denied all accusations but voluntarily accepted a permanent place on baseball s ineligible list. 3. Rose was the first person banned from the game since Rose holds more records than any other player in history. 5. The ban means he can t appear at any official Major League Baseball functions or take part in any pre- or post-game festivities involving the Cincinnati Reds. MLB s 5 Fastest Pitchers 1. Nolan Ryan mph Nolan Ryan 2. Bob Feller mph 3. Aroldis Chapman mph 4. Joel Zumaya mph 5. Neftali Feliz mph Roberto Clemente Inducted in 1973 Roberto Clemente Walker was a Puerto Rican right fielder that played 18 seasons for the Pittsburgh Pirates from 1955 through In 1972, Clemente got his 3,000th major league hit in the very last plate appearance of his career during a regular season game. Clemente was involved in charity work in Puerto Rico as well as Latin American and Caribbean countries during the off seasons, often delivering baseball equipment and food to those in need. He died in an aviation accident on December 31, 1972, while en route to deliver aid to earthquake victims in Nicaragua. Clemente was inducted posthumously to the National Baseball Hall of Fame in 1973, becoming the first Latin American and Caribbean player to be enshrined. His death established the precedent that as an alternate to the five-year retirement period, a player deceased for at least six months is eligible for entry into the Hall of Fame. Top10 Designated Hitters Players HRs 10. Brian Downing Chili Davis Jim Thome Hal McRae Don Baylor Harold Baines David Ortiz Frank Thomas Paul Molitor Edgar Martinez Players Strike The strike began on June 12, 1981 and forced the cancellation of 713 games in the middle of the regular season. The two sides reached an agreement on July 31, and play resumed on August 9 with the All-Star Game, with regular season play resuming one day later. Total lost of $146 million Owners lost $42 million in salaries Players lost $4 million a week Pete Rose Banned from Baseball In 1989 reporters started speculating that Pete Rose had been betting on baseball and other sports during his time with the Cincinnati Reds. At this time Rose was managing the New York Mets but was soon replaced days after the allegation surfaced. Rose denied all the accusations as reporters conducted an investigation. The investigation included alleged bookies and bet runners. After the investigation, lawyer John Dowd compiled a day-by-day account of Rose betting on baseball games in The report documented Rose betting on 53 Reds games in 1987, wagering a minimum of $10,000 a day. Rose continued to deny all the accusations and refused to appear at his hearing. In 1989, Rose accepted the permanent place on baseball s ineligible list, in return, MLB agreed to make no formal finding to the gambling allegations. According to baseball rules, Rose could apply for reinstatement in one year. In 2004, after years of public denial, Rose admitted to betting on baseball and on, but not against, the Reds. The issue of Rose s possible reinstatement and election to the Hall of Fame remains a contentious one throughout baseball. Ken Griffey Sr. and Ken Griffey Jr. George Kenneth Griffey started his career in baseball in 1973 with the Cincinnati Reds. Griffey played for 19 seasons compiling a lifetime batting average of.296, with 152 home runs and 859 RBI. Griffey was also the Most Valuable Player of the 1980 All-Star Game. In 1,997 games, Griffey compiled a lifetime batting average of.296, with 152 home runs and 859 RBI. George Kenneth Ken Griffey, Jr. was an outfielder who played 22 years in Major League Baseball for three teams. A 13-time All-Star, Griffey was one of the best home run hitters in baseball, his 630 home runs rank as the sixth-most in MLB history. Griffey was also an exceptional defender and won 10 Gold Glove Awards in center field. He is tied for the record of most consecutive games with a home run (8 games, tied with Don Mattingly and Dale Long). The Griffeys became one of the first father-and-son duos to play on the same Major League Baseball team. They played their first game together in Ken Griffey Jr. is up for nomination into the national hall of fame in Nolan Ryan Inducted in 1999 Lynn Nolan Ryan, Jr. nicknamed The Ryan Express, was a pitcher in the MLB for 27 years and four different major league clubs. Ryan, a hard-throwing, right-handed pitcher, threw pitches that were regularly recorded above 100 miles per hour. The high velocity remained throughout his career, even into his 40s. Ryan was also known to throw a devastating 12 6 curveball at exceptional velocity for a breaking ball. Ryan had 5,714 strike outs throughout his career ranking him first in the major league by a significant margin. Ryan is also the all-time leader in no-hitters with seven, three more than any other pitcher. Ryan is one of only 29 players in baseball history to have appeared in Major League baseball games in four decades and the only pitcher to have struck out seven pairs of fathers and sons. Ryan is currently the only major league baseball player to have his number retired by at least three different teams: the Angels, Astros and Rangers. 21

12 GLOSSARY 500 Home run Club...11 Alexander, Grover Cleveland...8 All American Girls Professional League...15 American League...6 Baseball Anthem...7 Black Sox Scandal...9 Campenelle, Roy...17 Cartwright, Alexander...4 Chapman, Ray...10 Clemente, Roberto...20 Cobb, Ty...7 Cummings, W.A. Candy...4 Designated Hitters...20 DiMaggio, Joe...14 Doubleday, Abner...4 Fenway Park...8 First All-Star Game...12 First Game Under the Lights...13 First World Series...6 Gehrig, Louis...11,12,13 Gibson, Josh...12 Griffey Jr., Ken...21 Griffey Sr., Ken Jackson, Joe...9 Johnson, Walter...7 Koufax, Sandy...19 Larsen, Don...17 Louisville Slugger...5 Major League Move...17 Mantle, Mickey...16 Maris, Roger...18 Mays, Willie...16 Mazeroski, Bill...18 Minor Leagues...15 MLB Fastest Pitchers...21 Murderer s Row...11 National League....5 New York Knickerbockers....4 Opening Day...8 Paige, Satchel...15 Perfect Games...17 Players Strike...20 Radio...10 Rickey, Branch...14 Robinson, Jackie...15 Rose, Pete...19,21 Ruth, George Harmon...10,12,13 Ryan, Nolan...21 Stadium Seating...8 Stengle, Casey...18 Taft, William Howard...8 Unbreakable Records...16 Wiess, Alta...7 Williams, Ted...14 World War I... 9 World War II Young, Delton Cy... 5 Resources: Ward, Geoffrey C., and Ken Burns. Baseball: An Illustrated History. New York: A.A. Knopf, Print

13 t h e h i s t o r y a b o u t BASEBALL Baseball has been around since the 1800s. Starting as just a game for young boys and turning into American s National Pastime. Baseball brings a sense of tradition to Americans. Baseball has helped America through wars, economic decline, segregation and national crisis. This book will take you through decades of history and introduce you to some of baseball s greatest. Designed by Megan Bergeson