Grannies, Freds and LSD

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1 Grannies, Freds and LSD A Non-Pedestrian Introduction to Bicycles Carola F. Berger, ATA55

2 Outline Introduction Statistics, History, and! Physics Technology Basics, Road Bike, MTB,! Utility Bikes, Aerodynamics Racing! Fitness and Physiology! Safety! References and Further Reading! Carola F. Berger, Grannies, Freds, and LSD, ATA55 2

3 Introduction Bicycles Worldwide Carola F. Berger, Grannies, Freds, and LSD, ATA55 3

4 Introduction Bicycles Worldwide! Netherlands nearly 1 bicycle per person! Japan, Finland, Norway, Sweden about 0.6 bicycles per person! Belgium, Switzerland about 0.5 bicycles per person! China about 0.37 bicycles per person, but 60% of bicycle owners commute to work! USA about 0.33 bicycles per person, but only 0.9% of all trips are made by bicycle (mostly recreational use) Carola F. Berger, Grannies, Freds, and LSD, ATA55 4

5 Introduction Bicycles Worldwide Flag source: Carola F. Berger, Grannies, Freds, and LSD, ATA55 5

6 Introduction Bicycles Worldwide Flag source: Flag source: Carola F. Berger, Grannies, Freds, and LSD, ATA55 5

7 Introduction 1840s Penny-Farthing Image source: Bdailey86 Carola F. Berger, Grannies, Freds, and LSD, ATA55 6

8 Introduction 1880s Safety Bicycle Image source: Science Museum (London) Carola F. Berger, Grannies, Freds, and LSD, ATA55 7

9 Introduction Physics Image source: Garrett Lau, Women s Tour of California Criterium 2014 Carola F. Berger, Grannies, Freds, and LSD, ATA55 8

10 Introduction Physics Carola F. Berger, Grannies, Freds, and LSD, ATA55 8

11 Introduction Physics Carola F. Berger, Grannies, Freds, and LSD, ATA55 8

12 Introduction Physics Carola F. Berger, Grannies, Freds, and LSD, ATA55 8

13 Technology Road Bike Carola F. Berger, Grannies, Freds, and LSD, ATA55 9

14 Technology Road Bike Carola F. Berger, Grannies, Freds, and LSD, ATA55 9

15 Technology Road Bike Components Carola F. Berger, Grannies, Freds, and LSD, ATA55 10

16 Technology Carbon Frames! Carbon filaments tensile strength, modulus (stiffness)! Resin! Preimpregnated carbon (prepreg) sheets = carbon filaments + uncured resin! Layered up around silicone form shells! Female steel mold heated up to cure the resin! High-end bicycles have up to 500 individual pieces of carbon with different moduli Carola F. Berger, Grannies, Freds, and LSD, ATA55 11

17 Technology Road Bike Drivetrain Manufacturers of gruppos: Campagnolo Shimano SRAM Carola F. Berger, Grannies, Freds, and LSD, ATA55 12

18 Technology Wheels & Tires! Clincher 1 rim, 2 rim strip 3 braking surface 4 bead, 5 inner tube 6 tire casing, 7 - tread (Image source: Deerwood)! Tubular/sew-up tire (w inner tube) is glued on! Tubeless similar to clincher, no inner tube Carola F. Berger, Grannies, Freds, and LSD, ATA55 13

19 Technology Mountain Bike Carola F. Berger, Grannies, Freds, and LSD, ATA55 14

20 Technology Mountain Bike Carola F. Berger, Grannies, Freds, and LSD, ATA55 14

21 Technology Utility Bike Hub gear: Image source: Andrew Dressel Carola F. Berger, Grannies, Freds, and LSD, ATA55 15

22 Technology - Aerodynamics Carola F. Berger, Grannies, Freds, and LSD, ATA55 16

23 Technology - Aerodynamics Power = rate of doing work = Energy/time unit Unit: Joule/s = Watt (1 hp = W) F wind ~ Area v 2 wind Power = Force velocity Source: S. Gribble, Carola F. Berger, Grannies, Freds, and LSD, ATA55 17

24 Technology - Aerodynamics Carola F. Berger, Grannies, Freds, and LSD, ATA55 18

25 Technology - Aerodynamics Image source: Garrett Lau, Women s Tour of California Criterium 2014 Carola F. Berger, Grannies, Freds, and LSD, ATA55 19

26 Racing Image source: Greg Koch Photography Carola F. Berger, Grannies, Freds, and LSD, ATA55 20

27 Racing Carola F. Berger, Grannies, Freds, and LSD, ATA55 21

28 Racing Unione Cycliste Internationale (UCI) governs:! Road racing Road races, time trials, criteriums, stage races! Track racing Pursuit, scratch, points race, sprints, keirin, Madison,! Mountain bike racing Cross country, downhill, Super D, dual slalom! Cyclocross! BMX! Trials! Indoor cycling - Artistic, cycle-ball! Para-cycling Handcycles, etc. Ultra-cycling e.g. Race Across America (RAAM) Human Powered Vehicles (HPVs) Duathlon, Triathlon governed by the International Triathlon Union (ITU); also World Triathlon Corporation (e.g. Ironman) Carola F. Berger, Grannies, Freds, and LSD, ATA55 22

29 Racing - Tactics Image source: Garrett Lau, Women s Tour of California Criterium 2014 Carola F. Berger, Grannies, Freds, and LSD, ATA55 23

30 Racing - Terminology! Peloton main field (pack) of riders! Breakaway one or more riders off the front (ahead of the peloton)! Gruppetto/Autobus several riders off the back (behind the peloton)! Echelon formation that provides the most efficient way of drafting in crosswinds! Directeur sportif/directeuse sportive team director! Soigneur support person for riders (massage, food, ) Carola F. Berger, Grannies, Freds, and LSD, ATA55 24

31 Recreational Cycling - Terminology! Century organized 100 mile ride with rest stops etc., usually for charity; most rides include shorter options (metric century = 65 miles)! Gran Fondo organized ride with timed portions; race for amateurs without racing license! Brevet/randonée longer-distance (200km and longer) organized ride with check-points => qualifiers for long-distance races! Randonneur cyclist who completes a brevet/ randonée! Fred/Doris poser, person clueless about cycling etiquette! Cat 5 tattoo grease mark on the leg Carola F. Berger, Grannies, Freds, and LSD, ATA55 25

32 Racing Carola F. Berger, Grannies, Freds, and LSD, ATA55 26

33 Fitness and Physiology - Power Carola F. Berger, Grannies, Freds, and LSD, ATA55 27

34 Fitness and Physiology - Power Carola F. Berger, Grannies, Freds, and LSD, ATA55 28

35 Fitness and Physiology VO2max Carola F. Berger, Grannies, Freds, and LSD, ATA55 29

36 Fitness and Physiology Bike Fit Carola F. Berger, Grannies, Freds, and LSD, ATA55 30

37 Safety A Few Quotes! Sorry, I didn t see you. 90% of drivers who don t bother to look! The yield sign doesn t apply to bicycles. Ivy League Professor! I didn t know that women could ride that fast. Course marshal who let a large truck onto the supposedly closed race course Carola F. Berger, Grannies, Freds, and LSD, ATA55 31

38 Safety Something to Think About! Elite cyclists ~1/2 < 150 lbs; top speed: 50+ mph; acceleration: 17s to 33mph; average speed 20-30mph! Ford Model T ~ lbs; top speed: 45 mph acceleration: 16s to 40mph Carola F. Berger, Grannies, Freds, and LSD, ATA55 32

39 Safety - Helmets Carola F. Berger, Grannies, Freds, and LSD, ATA55 33

40 Thank you! Slides at Carola F. Berger, Grannies, Freds, and LSD, ATA55 34

41 References & Further Reading! Sheldon Brown s bicycle and components glossary Bicycle statistics World Bicycle Relief Unione Cycliste Internationale (UCI) USA Cycling Women s Cycling Association DC Rainmaker in-depth gadget and technology reviews H. Allen & A. Coggan: Training and Racing with a Power Meter, 2 nd ed. (2010). Carola F. Berger, Grannies, Freds, and LSD, ATA55 35

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