UCL Digital Health 2017 CHANGING HEALTH OUTCOMES IN ROAD TRANSPORT

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1 UCL Digital Health 2017 CHANGING HEALTH OUTCOMES IN ROAD TRANSPORT

2 Why Discuss in Digital Health Conference? Road traffic crashes cause 1.3 million deaths and up to 50 million injuries per year globally. By 2030 they are expected to account for 5% of the total global disease burden. Ninety per cent of the injuries are in low- and middle-income countries and nearly half of the deaths are in vulnerable road users pedestrians and cyclists, especially children.

3 HARM OR HELP? DAN CAMPSALL

4 The New Tobacco? Private cars cause significant health harm. The impacts include physical inactivity, obesity, death and injury from crashes, cardiorespiratory disease from air pollution, noise, community severance and climate change. (Douglas et al. 2011) Are cars the new tobacco? Journal of Public Health June 2011

5 A Moral Imperative? VRUs as %age of Road Casualties 65% 60% 55% 50% 45% 40% 35% 30% 25% 20% 15% All Casualties All KSI Car Occupant KSI

6 SUPPLY & DEMAND; RISK & BENEFIT

11 TECHNOLOGY CHALLENGES & OPPORTUNITIES EMERGED & EMERGING

13 Wearables Motivational apps Socially connected Headphones Hovding Lights & fabrics

14 ABS MSC Airbags

15 CONNECTED CARS VEHICLE SAFETY FEATURES

16 CAN WE ADDRESS BEHAVIOUR?

17 THE CHALLENGE OF MILLENNIALS

18 YOUNG & NOVICE DRIVERS TECHNOLOGY OPPORTUNITIES Telematics VR

19 DUAL PROCESS MODEL Attitudes (Perceived Vulnerability) Behavioural Intention Previous Behaviour Subjective Norms (Peers Behaviour) Risk Behaviour Behavioural Willingness Risk Images Prototype Willingness Model Gerrard et al., 2008

NORMS FOR MOBILE PHONE USE 50 40 30 20 10 19.41 DRIVESTART PARTICIPANTS 5.88 36.03 19.41 42.

20 NORMS FOR MOBILE PHONE USE DRIVESTART PARTICIPANTS Drink Drive Phone use Distracted by others Pre Post Pre Post

21 Sustainably Safe Naomi Baster, Principal Strategy Planner Road Safety 22 February 2017

22 Physical inactivity and sedentary lifestyles are creating one of the most serious public health challenges of our time.

23 Transport offers the opportunity to design physical activity back into our everyday lives.

24 Fear of road danger is the leading reason people give for not walking or cycling

London s streets account for 80 per cent of the city s public space we want this space to be healthy Pedestrians from all walks of life People choose to walk

25 London s streets account for 80 per cent of the city s public space we want this space to be healthy Pedestrians from all walks of life People choose to walk and cycle Easy to cross Shade and shelter Places to stop Not too noisy People feel safe Things to see and do People feel relaxed Clean air Source: Lucy Saunders

26 Technology can enable and promote active journeys

27 Almost every public transport journey involves a walking element. Technology can also help make public transport more accessible, making it the convenient choice for journeys.

28 Technology can also help reduce road danger, one of the leading barriers to active travel

29 People walk and cycle more if their experience is pleasant, relaxed, convenient and time efficient through street design we can create a safe and pleasant environment to encourage active travel

30 Thank you uk Naomi Baster, Principal Strategy Planner Road Safety

31 Safety on the strategic road network Deirdre O Reilly Professional & Technical Services 31

The Strategic Network (SRN) 4,300 miles of

32 The Strategic Network (SRN) 4,300 miles of motorways and major A roads 1 billion tonnes of freight transported each year 4 million people drive on the network every day 430,000 incidents occur annually on our roads 60% of congestion is caused by a lack of road capacity

Highways England imperatives Safety No one should be harmed when travelling or working on the strategic road network. We care about each other, our suppliers, our customers & communities.

33 Highways England imperatives Safety No one should be harmed when travelling or working on the strategic road network. We care about each other, our suppliers, our customers & communities. Customer Service improving how what we do impacts those that use the roads. Delivering the Road Investment Strategy on time and efficiently Behaviour change approaches can support road users to make more informed travel choices and move more swiftly, safely and efficiently through the network. By engaging and understanding customers, we can improve service delivery and keep customers satisfied now and in the future.

34 2,691 2,440 2,405 2,103 1,967 1,886 1,829 1,696 1,709 1,853 Number of KSI Casualties Casualties on the SRN Actual KSI Casualties KSI Casualty 40% Reduction ( ) 3, to ,500 2,000 1,500 1,821 1,750 1,678 1,607 1,535 1,464 1,393 1, Year 34

35 Road Safety - risky behaviours Driving/riding = complex task Requires higher order skills, continuous judgements & monitoring, can become habitual/automatic; highly interactive; conducted in complex social & environmental contexts. 35

36 SPEEDY 9% Overly confident Tougher enforcement (slow vehicles/drivers) Night-time roadworks Better roadworks planning (est. v Highways England real time App Updated route info via text Segment Road safety Improving the network Traffic information RESPECTFUL 22% Confident, prudent drivers Tackle aggressive driving behaviour Better lighting and cats eyes Better general investment (eg not fuel signage) Modernised accident clear up Increased speed limits Dedicated website Real time route planner (inc. traffic road closures) Dedicated App Pre-notification of roadworks (frequently used roads) Dedicated radio and text alerts for accidents STEADY 25% Careful drivers, who do not enjoy the experience Encourage better behaviours Greater TO enforcement powers Round the clock roadwork teams Smaller roadwork sections Better website (roadwork pages) Traffic updates linked directly to vehicle via GPS Dedicated real-time radio updates Dedicated App SUPERIOR 13% Experienced, confident drivers, intolerant of others Tougher enforcement (middle lane) Greater TO enforcement powers Motorway driver simulation programme HGVs - no overtaking Wide, smooth and fast roads Night-time roadworks Faster accident clearance Better use of hard shoulder during incidents (increased traffic flow) TO megaphone/pa system (during incidents) Pushed, real-time information alerts (pre and during journey) Info on severity of accidents and delay Better real time VMS NERVOUS 31% Less frequent, less confident drivers HGVs - no overtaking, dedicated driving times Wet and dry speed limits Better lighting and cats eyes Wider lanes Smaller roadwork sections Advertise roadworks more locally Increased signage and clearer language (diversions, slip-roads, VMS) Dedicated real-time radio updates Better real-time website Route planning service

37 37

38 Speed - skills Novice drivers- hazard perception training, telematics to provide feedback on developing driving style. Fleet driver training eco-driving 38

39 Speed - feedback Feedback to drivers -on road -in vehicle 39

40 Speed -campaigns 40

41 Speed enforcement & education 41

42 Thank you 42

43 The impact of technological innovation on human behaviour Richard Cuerden Chief Scientist & Research Director 22 February 2017

Changing vehicle fleet Advanced safety technologies (ADAS) Connected & Autonomous vehicles Safety, Efficiency, Environment, Mobility

44 Technological innovation and road transport The digital revolution Internet, data and transport Changing population characteristics Different travel (mobility) patterns Changing driver demographics Ageing, obesity Fewer young drivers Reducing individual vehicle ownership Changing vehicle fleet Advanced safety technologies (ADAS) Connected & Autonomous vehicles Safety, Efficiency, Environment, Mobility Increasing diversity of vehicle types More SUVs & light weight vehicles More electric & hybrid vehicles Copyright 2016 TRL Ltd The future of transport. 44

Technological innovation and road transport Today s Driver

Lane Keep Assistance (LKA) Traffic Sign Recognition (TSR) Lane

Cross Traffic Alert Automated Emergency Braking (AEB) Traffic

46 Technological innovation and road transport Today s Driver Assistance Systems Adaptive (Automated) Cruise Control (ACC) Lane Keep Assistance (LKA) Traffic Sign Recognition (TSR) Lane Change Assistance Blind Spot Detection Automated Parking Rear Cross Traffic Alert Automated Emergency Braking (AEB) Traffic Jam Assist (TJA) Copyright 2016 TRL Ltd The future of transport. 46

Technological innovation and road transport In 2016 Ford announced

Technological innovation and road transport Is

Department for Transport set to allow drivers

the use of smart devices with autopilot driving

automated vehicles Richard Cuerden s creative

51 Technological innovation and road transport Is driving distracting when we want to be online? Department for Transport set to allow drivers to text at the wheel Most countries now permit the use of smart devices with autopilot driving DfT plans to allow the use of smart devices in automated vehicles Richard Cuerden s creative media Copyright 2016 TRL Ltd The future of transport. 51

Technological innovation and road transport Conclusions CAVs will be on our roads in ~ 3 years All electric

safety priorities will change CAVs provide an opportunity to design mobility solutions, which maximise

and legal and regulatory hurdles to overcome Our enthusiasm and potential rate of adoption of the new CAV

54 Technological innovation and road transport Conclusions CAVs will be on our roads in ~ 3 years All electric powertrains New road user services and vehicle concepts As a consequence our road transport health and safety priorities will change CAVs provide an opportunity to design mobility solutions, which maximise public health and efficiency However there are technological challenges, especially in urban environments and legal and regulatory hurdles to overcome Our enthusiasm and potential rate of adoption of the new CAV technologies is not known and must not be taken for granted or assumed Copyright 2016 TRL Ltd The future of transport. 54

& shared mobility Demonstration Connected & Automated

management software Visioning Hardware Data science

Simulated environment Regulation Air quality Mapping

56 Way forward. Creating an autonomous vehicle research community Enhanced & shared mobility Demonstration Connected & Automated vehicles ULEV s & charging infrastructure Traffic management software Visioning Hardware Data science Physical & cyber security Freight Business case Policy Simulated environment Regulation Air quality Mapping Congestion Human factors & ergonomics Perception Behaviour Projects using the Living Lab: Copyright 2016 TRL Ltd The future of transport. 56

Highways England Road Safety Ambition. David Stones PACTS Autumn 2015 Conference 3 nd November 2015

Highways England Road Safety Ambition David Stones PACTS Autumn 2015 Conference 3 nd November 2015 Highways England Strategic Road Network 4,300 miles (40% Motorway & 60% All Purpose Trunk Road). 34% of