Stormwater Management Division

Transcription

1 Stormwater Management Division

2

3 Report Preparation By: Stormwater Management Division Staff M. Krishnamurthy Joe Walter Frank Fortunato Digital Rainfall Data can be obtained from: 4200 S. John Young Parkway Orlando, Florida Contact: Frank Fortunato Phone:

4 Table of Contents TABLE OF CONTENTS...II TABLE OF FIGURES...III LIST OF TABLES... IV EXECUTIVE SUMMARY...1 GAUGE SUMMARIES...7 BOGGY CREEK...9 CORNER LAKE LAKE BEAUCLAIR LAKE HART LAKE HICKORYNUT LAKE MAITLAND LAKE SAWMILL LAKE ORLANDO MICHAEL S DAM RIVERSIDE ACRES SHINGLE CREEK SPRING LAKE GAUGING STATIONS LOCATION CRITERIA INSTALLATION PROCEDURE Equipment Digital Programming, Calibration, Storage and Retrieval MAINTENANCE & OPERATION ROUTINE Data Collection Loss of Data FUTURE PLANS APPENDIX A - MONTHLY RAINFALL REPORT APPENDIX B - STORM SUMMARIES ii

5 Table of Figures FIGURE 1 - RAIN GAUGE LOCATION MAP...2 FIGURE 2 - TOTAL RAINFALL...3 FIGURE 3 - COUNTY AVERAGE RAINFALL & DEPARTURE FROM HISTORICAL AVERAGE...7 FIGURE 4 - BOGGY CREEK LOCATION MAP...8 FIGURE 5 - BOGGY CREEK RAINFALL & DEPARTURE FROM HISTORICAL AVERAGE...9 FIGURE 6 - CORNER LAKE LOCATION MAP FIGURE 7 - CORNER LAKE RAINFALL & DEPARTURE FROM HISTORICAL AVERAGE FIGURE 8 - LAKE BEAUCLAIR LOCATION MAP FIGURE 9 - LAKE BEAUCLAIR RAINFALL & DEPARTURE FROM HISTORICAL AVERAGE FIGURE 10 - LAKE HART LOCATION MAP FIGURE 11 - LAKE HART RAINFALL & DEPARTURE FROM HISTORICAL AVERAGE FIGURE 12 - LAKE HICKORYNUT LOCATION MAP FIGURE 13 - LAKE HICKERYNUT RAINFALL & DEPARTURE FROM HISTORICAL AVERAGE FIGURE 14 - LAKE MAITLAND LOCATION MAP FIGURE 15 - LAKE MAITLAND RAINFALL & DEPARTURE FROM HISTORICAL AVERAGE FIGURE 16 - LAKE SAWMILL LOCATION MAP FIGURE 17 - LAKE SAWMILL RAINFALL & DEPARTURE FROM HISTORICAL AVERAGE FIGURE 18 - LAKE ORLANDO LOCATION MAP FIGURE 19 - LAKE ORLANDO RAINFALL & DEPARTURE FROM HISTORICAL AVERAGE FIGURE 20 - MICHAEL S DAM LOCATION MAP FIGURE 21 - MICHEALS DAM RAINFALL & DEPARTURE FROM HISTORICAL AVERAGE FIGURE 22 - RIVERSIDE ACRES LOCATION MAP FIGURE 23 - RIVERSIDE ACRES RAINFALL & DEPARTURE FROM HISTORICAL AVERAGE FIGURE 24 - SHINGLE CREEK LOCATION MAP FIGURE 25 - SHINGLE CREEK RAINFALL & DEPARTURE FROM HISTORICAL AVERAGE FIGURE 26 - SPRING LAKE LOCATION MAP FIGURE 27 - SPRING LAKE RAINFALL & DEPARTURE FROM HISTORICAL AVERAGE FIGURE 28 - CAMPBELL RAIN GAUGE EQUIPMENT SET-UP FIGURE 29 - CAMPBELL EQUIPMENT INTERFACE iii

6 List of Tables TABLE 1 - RAIN GAUGE DESCRIPTIONS...2 TABLE 2 - MONTHLY RAINFALL TOTALS...4 TABLE 3 - STORM TOTALS BY RAINFALL AMOUNT...5 TABLE 4 - STORM TOTALS BY STORM DURATION...6 TABLE 5 - RAIN GAUGE EQUIPMENT COST APPENDIX A - JANUARY MONTHLY RAINFALL REPORT APPENDIX A - FEBRUARY MONTHLY RAINFALL REPORT APPENDIX A - MARCH MONTHLY RAINFALL REPORT APPENDIX A - APRIL MONTHLY RAINFALL REPORT APPENDIX A - MAY MONTHLY RAINFALL REPORT APPENDIX A - JUNE MONTHLY RAINFALL REPORT APPENDIX A - JULY MONTHLY RAINFALL REPORT APPENDIX A - AUGUST MONTHLY RAINFALL REPORT APPENDIX A - SEPTEMBER MONTHLY RAINFALL REPORT APPENDIX A - OCTOBER MONTHLY RAINFALL REPORT APPENDIX A - NOVEMBER MONTHLY RAINFALL REPORT APPENDIX A - DECEMBER MONTHLY RAINFALL REPORT APPENDIX B - BOGGY CREEK STORM SUMMARIES APPENDIX B - CORNER LAKE STORM SUMMARIES APPENDIX B - LAKE BEAUCLAIR STORM SUMMARIES APPENDIX B - LAKE HART STORM SUMMARIES APPENDIX B - LAKE HICKORYNUT STORM SUMMARIES APPENDIX B - LAKE MAITLAND STORM SUMMARIES APPENDIX B - SPRING LAKE STORM SUMMARIES APPENDIX B - LAKE ORLANDO STORM SUMMARIES APPENDIX B - MICHAELS DAM STORM SUMMARIES APPENDIX B - RIVERSIDE ACRES STORM SUMMARIES APPENDIX B - SHINGLE CREEK STORM SUMMARIES APPENDIX B - LAKE SAWMILL STORM SUMMARIES iv

7 Executive Summary Presenting the 2001 annual summary report for the Orange County Rainfall and Runoff Monitoring Program started by Orange County in This program was created with the following goals: 1. To develop a better correlation of rainfall and runoff for different watersheds within Orange County. 2. To define the time spatial distribution of rainfall occurring and compare it with existing Orange County design criteria. 3. To calibrate watershed models utilizing actual rainfall events and corresponding water level data. Orange County currently operates twelve (12) stations which record rainfall, water elevations. Water elevations are converted to discharge at stations, where there is a calibrated control structure. The gauges collect data in the Big and Little Econlockhatchee (Econ) Rivers, Howell Branch, Little Wekiva River, Shingle Creek, Boggy Creek, Lake Apopka, Lake Hart, and Reedy Creek basins. For gauges locations and descriptions refer to Figure one and Table one. 1

8 Figure 1 - Rain Gauge Location Map 3 Big Wekiva River Little Wekiva River Lake Apopka 10 Howell Branch Little Econ River Reedy Creek Shingle Creek Boggy Creek 1 Lake Hart 5 Big Econ River St. Johns River Cypress Creek Cree Table 1 - Rain Gauge Descriptions Gauge Name Installed Basin Location Boggy Creek (1) 1987 Boggy Creek Wetherbee Rd. & Landstar Blvd. Corner Lake (2) 1995 Big Econ River Lake Pickett Rd. Lake Beauclair (3) 1995 Lake Apopka Trimble Park Lake Sawmill (4) 1998 Big Wekiva River Apopka Vineland. Lake Hart (5) 1995 Lake Hart Moss Park Lake Hickorynut (6) 1995 Reedy Creek Lake Hickorynut Dr. Lake Maitland (7) 1986 Howell Branch Horatio Ave. Lake Orlando (8) 1989 Little Wekiva River Lake Orlando Dr. Michael s Dam (9) 1986 Little Econ River Jay Blanchard Park Riverside Acres (10) 1989 Little Wekiva River Riverside Acres Subdivision Shingle Creek (11) 1987 Shingle Creek Conroy Rd. Spring Lake (12) 1989 Shingle Creek Spring Lake Villas 2

9 Figure 2 - Total Rainfall Lake Orlando 28.9 Lake Sawmill 31.9 Corner Lake Lake Maitland Spring Lake County Average Shingle Creek Riverside Acres Lake Beauclair Historical Average Boggy Creek Lake Hart Michael's Dam 52.0 Airport Lake Hickorynut Figure two shows the yearly rainfall totals at all of the gauging stations. Five (5) of the twelve(12) gauging stations exceeded the Historical Yearly Rainfall Average of 48.2 recorded at Orlando International Airport(OIA). OIA in 2001 recorded inches of rainfall, or 7.08 inches greater than its annual average. The average annual rainfall for gauging stations in the Orange County Network was 44.1 inches, or 4.1 inches below the historical average. Monthly rainfall amounts displayed in Figure two are adjusted to account for non-recorded or bad data periods. Adjusted Monthly Values are shown in boldface print on Table two. Either equivalent station or average of two stations in proximity are used for adjusted value. Stations Used For Filling In For Missing or Bad Data Boggy Creek - Conserv I(City of Orlando), Airport(NOAA) Corner Lake - Blanchard(Orange County Parks), Bithlo(Orange County Parks) Lake Beauclair - Trimble(Orange County Parks) Lake Hart - Moss(Orange County Parks) Lake Hickorynut - West Orange Trail(Orange County Parks),Shingle Creek Station Lake Maitland - Rosemont Country Club(City of Orlando), Lake Highland(City of Orlando) Lake Orlando - Rosemont Country Club(City of Orlando) Michael s Dam - Blanchard(Orange County Parks) Riverside Acres - Rosemont Country Club(City of Orlando), Lake Highland(Orange County Parks) Lake Sawmill - Clarcona Park(Orange County Parks) Lake Sawmill(Febuary Only) - Burnett(Orange Country Parks), Rosemont Country Club(City of Orlando) Shingle Creek - Waste Water Treatment Plant(City of Orlando), In December Spring Station, Airport(NOAA) Spring Lake - Waste Water Treatment Plant on Boggy Creek Rd(City of Orlando), Shingle Station NOTE: City of Orlando - Data obtained from : NOAA - Data obtained from National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration(NOAA) at gov/mlb/climat/mcomonyr.txt) : Orange County Parks - Data obtained from Orange County Parks and Recreation 3

10 Table 2 - Monthly Rainfall Totals GAUGE JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC TOTAL Boggy Creek Corner Lake Lake Beauclair Lake Hart Lake Hickorynut Lake Maitland Lake Orlando Michael's Dam Riverside Acres Lake Sawmill Shingle Creek Spring Lake County Average Airport Historical Average NON-REC0RDING Boggy Creek 1/1-1/18 Corner Lake 1/9-1/31 2/1-2/5 Lake Beauclair 1/1-1/31 2/1-2/28 3/1-3/31 4/1-4/19 11/30 12/1-12/3 Lake Hart 1/1-1/31 2/1-2/28 3/1-3/31 4/1-4/18 5/1-5/9 9/5-9/11 Lake Hickorynut 1/9-1/31 2/1-2/28 3/1-3/31 4/1-4/30 Lake Maitland 1/9-1/31 2/1-2/9 Lake Orlando 1/1-1/31 2/1-2/28 3/1-3/31 4/1-4/10 8/11-8/14 Michael's Dam 1/1-1/24 Riverside Acres 1/1-1/31 2/1-2/28 3/1-3/31 4/1-4/11 Lake Sawmill 1/1-1/31 2/1-2/28 3/1-3/31 4/1-4/19 Shingle Lake 1/9-1/15 12/15-12/31 Spring Lake 1/1 9/12-9/14

11 Table two lists the monthly rainfall at each gauging station, as well as, the monthly rainfall totals at OIA. The table also shows the failure periods with boldface print that occurred during the year for all twelve rain gauges. Please note that the rainfall totals for these gauges were adjusted for the missing periods of record by supplementing the rainfall records from adjacent gauges as indicated on page three. Adjacent gauges include gauges from City of Orlando, NOAA, Orange County Parks Department and as indicated. In Table three, the rainfall data was analyzed to determine the number of storms that occurred at each gauge during the year and were grouped based on total rainfall amounts of (0-0.1), ( ), ( ), and (>2.0) inches. For this analysis, a storm was defined as a rainfall event which does not have a gap, interevent dry period, of more than four (4) continuous hours without rainfall 1. From the table, it can be seen that 87.7% of the storms recorded have a total rainfall of one (1) inch or less. This figure nearly matches the estimated number of 90% for Central Florida 1. Table 3 - Storm Totals by Rainfall Amount Station Number of Storms by Rainfall Amount ID Storms 0.1 in % in % in % >2.0 in % Corner Lake Lake Beauclair Boggy Creek Michael's Dam Lake Hart Lake Orlando Lake Maitland Lake Hickorynut Riverside Acres Lake Sawmill Shingle Creek Spring Lake Totals % Totals 41.8% 45.9% 8.9% 3.5% 1 Jacobson,T.H., Yousef, Y.A. and Wanielista, M., Rainfall Analysis for Efficient Retention Ponds Proc.,ASCE Specialty Conference on Stormwater Management, June

12 In Table 4, the number of storms with a duration of (0-0.25), ( ), ( ) and greater than six (6) hours are shown for each gauge. The table shows that 61.9% of the storms recorded lasted one hour or less. Refer to Appendix B - Storm Summaries on page 55 for a listing of each storm with its beginning date and time, ending date and time, total rainfall, storm duration, average rate intensity, and peak rate intensity. Table 4 - Storm Totals by Storm Duration Station Nunber of Storms by Duration ID Storms.25 HR % HR % % >6.0 HR % Corner Lake Lake Beauclair Boggy Creeek Michael's Dam Lake Hart Lake Orlando Lake Maitland Lake Hickorynut Riverside Acres Lake Sawmill Shingle Creek Spring Lake Totals % Totals 42.4% 19.5% 30.8% 3.7% 6

13 Gauge Summaries This section of the Orange County 2001 Rainfall Report provides a monthly summary of the rainfall at each of the rain gauges in Orange County maintainedby Orange County Stormwater Management. A general location map and rain gauge location description was shown previously in Figure one and Table one respectively. The rain gauges include: Boggy Creek, Corner Lake, Lake Beauclair, Lake Hart, Lake Hickorynut, Lake Maitland, Lake Orlando, Michael s Dam, Riverside Acres, Lake Sawmill, Shingle Creek and Spring Lake. The following pages show, for each rain gauge, a specific location map and a month by month comparison of rainfall vs OIA historical rainfall. Additionally, a cumulative deviation from the OIA monthly average has been calculated and included on the graph for comparison. Figure three shows the average rainfall at all gauges maintained by Orange County Stormwater Management. The figure indicates that although the individual months of March, July and September were above the historical monthly averages, on the whole rainfall for Orange County in 2001 was 4.1 inches below the yearly historical average rainfall of 48.2 inches. Figure 3 - County Average Rainfall & Departure from Historical Average Historical Average County Average Cumulative Deviation Rainfall(Inches) Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

14 Installation Date: August 1987 Equipment: Campbell CR 10 Type of Collection: Rainfall & Canal Stage Location: North side of bridge on Landstar Bv. & Wetherbee Rd. Drainage Basin: Boggy Creek S-T-R: District: Lake Apopka Big Wekiva River 10 Little Wekiva River Howell Branch S. ORANGE AV. WETHERBEE BOGGY RD. LANDSTAR BV. CREEK 6 Reedy Creek Shingle Creek 7 Cypress Creek Little Econ River Boggy Creek 1 9 Lake Hart 5 2 Big Econ River St. Johns River Legend Gauge Gauge Name 1 Boggy Creek 2 Corner Lake 3 Lake Beauclair 4 Lake Sawmill 5 Lake Hart 6 Lake Hickerynut 7 Lake Maitland 8 Lake Orlando 9 Michaels dam 10 Riverside Acres 11 Shingle Creek 12 Spring Lake

15 Boggy Creek Historical Average Boggy Creek Cumulative Deviation Rainfall(Inches) Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Figure 5 - Boggy Creek Rainfall & Departure from Historical Average As indicated in the graph above, the months of March, April, May, July and September were above the historical monthly averages with the remaining months below. The resulting rainfall total for the year was 49.3 inches, which is 1.1 inches above the historical average. Storm summary information for Boggy Creek recorded 90 separate storm events, of which, 82% were less than or equal to 1.0 inches. The Boggy Creek gauging station recorded four storm events over 2.0 inches in During 2001 the longest rain event lasted 17 hours, the highest recorded rainfall amount for a single storm event was 5.3 inches and the maximum peak intensity for a single storm event was 4.0 inches per hour. Complete storm summary data for Boggy Creek is available in Appendix B. 9

16 Installation Date: December 1995 Equipment: Campbell CR 10 Type of Collection: Rainfall & Lake Stage Location: Lake Pickett Rd. Bridge over canal from Corner Lake to Lake Drawdy Drainage Basin: Big Econ S-T-R: District: LAKE PICKETT RD. CORNER LAKE TR. 3 Lake Apopka 6 Reedy Creek Big Wekiva River Shingle Creek Cypress Creek Little Wekiva River Little Econ River Boggy Creek 1 Howell Branch Lake Hart 5 2 Big Econ River St. Johns River CORNER LAKE 419 CHULUOTA RD. Legend Gauge Gauge Name 1 Boggy Creek 2 Corner Lake 3 Lake Beauclair 4 Lake Sawmill 5 Lake Hart 6 Lake Hickerynut 7 Lake Maitland 8 Lake Orlando 9 Michaels dam 10 Riverside Acres 11 Shingle Creek 12 Spring Lake

17 Corner Lake Historical Average Corner Lake Cumulative Deviation Rainfall(Inches) 5 0 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Figure 7 - Corner Lake Rainfall & Departure from Historical Average As indicated in the graph above, the months of July and August were above the historical monthly averages with the remaining months below. The resulting rainfall total for the year was 39.2 inches, which is 9.0 inches below the historical average. Storm summary information for Corner Lake recorded 90 separate storm events, of which, 90% were less than or equal to 1.0 inches. The Corner Lake gauging station recorded no storm events over 2.0 inches in During 2001 the longest rain event lasted hours, the highest recorded rainfall amount for a single storm event was 1.9 inches and the maximum peak intensity for a single storm event was 2.8 inches per hour. Complete storm summary data for Corner Lake is available in Appendix B. 12

18 Installation Date: September 1995 Equipment: Campbell CR 10 Type of Collection: Rainfall & Lake Stage Location: In Trimble Park on dock Drainage Basin: Lake Apopka S-T-R: District: LAKE COUNTY 3 Lake Apopka 6 Reedy Creek Big Wekiva River Shingle Creek Cypress Creek Little Wekiva River Little Econ River Boggy Creek 1 Howell Branch Lake Hart 5 2 Big Econ River St. Johns River LAKE COUNTY LAKE BEAUCLAIR TRIMBLE PARK RD. ORANGE COUNTY DUDLEY AV. DORA DR. Legend Gauge Gauge Name 1 Boggy Creek 2 Corner Lake 3 Lake Beauclair 4 Lake Sawmill 5 Lake Hart 6 Lake Hickerynut 7 Lake Maitland 8 Lake Orlando 9 Michaels dam 10 Riverside Acres 11 Shingle Creek 12 Spring Lake

19 Lake Beauclair Historical Average Lake Beauclair Cumulative Deviation 8 6 Rainfall(Inches) Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec -2-4 Figure 9 - Lake Beauclair Rainfall & Departure from Historical Average As indicated in the graph above, the months of March, June, August and September were above the historical monthly averages while July was equal and the remaining months below. The resulting rainfall total for the year was 46.6 inches, which is 1.6 inches below the historical average. Storm summary information for Lake Beauclair recorded 75 separate storm events, of which, 85% were less than or equal to 1.0 inches. The Lake Beauclair gauging station recorded three storm events over 2.0 inches in During 2001 the longest rain event lasted hours, the highest recorded rainfall amount for a single storm event was 2.7 inches and the maximum peak intensity for a single storm event was 4.4 inches per hour. Complete storm summary data for Lake Beauclair is available in Appendix B. 14

20 Installation Date: February 1995 Equipment: Campbell CR 10 Type of Collection: Rainfall & Lake Stage Location: In Moss Park on dock running from Lake Hart to Lake Mary Jane Drainage Basin: Lake Hart S-T-R: District: Lake Apopka 6 Reedy Creek Big Wekiva River Shingle Creek Cypress Creek Little Wekiva River Little Econ River Boggy Creek 1 Howell Branch Lake Hart 5 2 Big Econ River St. Johns River NARCOOSSEE RD. MOSS PARK LAKE HART RD. LAKE JANEMARY Legend RD. Gauge Gauge Name 1 Boggy Creek 2 Corner Lake 3 Lake Beauclair 4 Lake Sawmill 5 Lake Hart 6 Lake Hickerynut 7 Lake Maitland 8 Lake Orlando 9 Michaels dam 10 Riverside Acres 11 Shingle Creek 12 Spring Lake

21 Lake Hart Historical Average Lake Hart Cumulative Deviation 8 Rainfall(Inches) Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec -4-6 Figure 11 - Lake Hart Rainfall & Departure from Historical Average As indicated in the graph above, the months of March, May, July, September and October were above the historical monthly averages with the remaining months falling below. The resulting rainfall total for the year was 49.3 inches, which is 1.1 inches above the historical average. Storm summary information for Lake Hart recorded 111 separate storm events, of which, 93% were less than or equal to 1.0 inches. The Lake Hart gauging station recorded three storm events over 2.0 inches in During 2001 the longest rain event lasted hours, the highest recorded rainfall amount for a single storm event was 3.4 inches and the maximum peak intensity for a single storm event was 3.6 inches per hour. Complete storm summary data for Lake Hart is available in Appendix B. 16

22 Installation Date: October 1995 Equipment: Campbell CR 10 Type of Collection: Rainfall & Lake Stage Location: South end of Peninsula of Lake Hickorynut on Lake Hickorynut Dr. Drainage Basin: Reedy Creek S-T-R: District: OLD YMCA RD. 3 Lake Apopka 6 Reedy Creek Big Wekiva River Shingle Creek Cypress Creek Little Wekiva River Little Econ River Boggy Creek 1 Howell Branch Lake Hart 5 2 Big Econ River St. Johns River LAKE HICKORYNUT DR. LAKE HICKORYNUT Legend AVALON RD. Gauge Gauge Name 1 Boggy Creek 2 Corner Lake 3 Lake Beauclair 4 Lake Sawmill 5 Lake Hart 6 Lake Hickerynut 7 Lake Maitland 8 Lake Orlando 9 Michaels dam 10 Riverside Acres 11 Shingle Creek 12 Spring Lake

23 Lake Hickorynut Historical Average Lake Hickorynut Cumulative Deviation 10 Rainfall(Inches) Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec -4 Figure 13 - Lake Hickerynut Rainfall & Departure from Historical Average As indicated in the graph above, the months of March, June, July and September were above the historical monthly average while the remaining months were below. The resulting rainfall total for the year was 57.8 inches, which is 9.6 inches above the historical average. Storm summary information for Lake Hickorynut recorded 81 separate storm events, of which, 86% were less than or equal to 1.0 inches. The Lake Hickorynut rain gauge station recorded seven storm events over 2.0 inches in During 2001 the longest rain event lasted hours, the highest recorded rainfall amount for a single storm event was 4.0 inches and the maximum peak intensity for a single storm event was 8.4 inches per hour. Complete storm summary data for Lake Hickorynut is available in Appendix B. 18

24 Installation Date: February 1987 Equipment: Campbell CR 10 Type of Collection: Rainfall, Lake Stage & Discharge Location: South side of Horatio Av. West of Temple Dr. On canal bridge Drainage Basin: Howell Branch S-T-R: District: HORATIO AV. 3 Lake Apopka Big Wekiva River 10 Little Wekiva River Howell Branch LAKE MAITLAND TEMPLE DR. 6 Reedy Creek Shingle Creek Cypress Creek Little Econ River Boggy Creek 1 Lake Hart 5 2 Big Econ River St. Johns River Legend Gauge Gauge Name 1 Boggy Creek 2 Corner Lake 3 Lake Beauclair 4 Lake Sawmill 5 Lake Hart 6 Lake Hickerynut 7 Lake Maitland 8 Lake Orlando 9 Michaels dam 10 Riverside Acres 11 Shingle Creek 12 Spring Lake

25 Lake Maitland Historical Average Lake Maitland Cumulative Deviation Rainfall(Inches) Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Figure 15 - Lake Maitland Rainfall & Departure from Historical Average As indicated in the graph above, the months of March, July and September were above the historical monthly average with the remaining months below. The resulting rainfall total for the year was inches, which is 7.22 inches below the historical average. Storm summary information for Lake Maitland recorded 89 separate storm events, of which, 88% were less than or equal to 1.0 inches. The Lake Maitland rain gauge station recorded four storm events over 2.0 inches in During 2001 the longest rain event lasted 32 hours, the highest recorded rainfall amount for a single storm event was 3.1 inches and the maximum peak intensity for a single storm event was 3.92 inches per hour. Complete storm summary data for Lake Maitland is available in Appendix B. 20

26 Installation Date: May 1998 Equipment: Campbell CR 10 Type of Collection: Rainfall & Lake Stage Location: Northwest Side of Apopka Vineland & Sawmill Blvd. Drainage Basin: Wekiva S-T-R: District: Big Wekiva River Lake Apopka 10 Little Wekiva River Howell Branch 6 Reedy Creek Shingle Creek Cypress Creek Little Econ River Boggy Creek 1 Lake Hart 5 2 Big Econ River St. Johns River Legend Gauge Gauge Name 1 Boggy Creek 2 Corner Lake 3 Lake Beauclair 4 Lake Sawmill 5 Lake Hart 6 Lake Hickerynut 7 Lake Maitland 8 Lake Orlando 9 Michaels dam 10 Riverside Acres 11 Shingle Creek 12 Spring Lake

27 Lake Sawmill 10 5 Rainfall(Inches) Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Historical Average Lake Sawmill Cumulative Deviation Figure 17 - Lake Sawmill Rainfall & Departure from Historical Average As indicated in the graph above, the months of July and September were above the historical monthly average with the remaining months below. The resulting rainfall total for the year was 31.9 inches, which is 16.3 inches below the historical average. Storm summary information for Lake Sawmill recorded 67 separate storm events, of which, 90% were less than or equal to 1.0 inches. The Lake Sawmill rain gauge station recorded three storm events over 2.0 inches in During 2001 the longest rain event lasted hours, the highest recorded rainfall amount for a single storm event was 2.50 inches and the maximum peak intensity for a single storm event was 3.2 inches per hour. Complete storm summary data for Lake Sawmill is available in Appendix B. 21

28 Installation Date: December 1989 Equipment: Campbell CR 10 Type of Collection: Rainfall, Lake Stage & Discharge Location: East of Lake Orlando Pkwy at the East end of North Lane on Lake Orlando Drainage Basin: Little Wekiva S-T-R: District: 2 3 Big Wekiva River Little Wekiva River NORTH LANE LAKE ORLANDO LAKE ORLANDO PKWY. O.B.T. 441 Lake Apopka 10 Howell Branch J.Y.P. 6 Reedy Creek Shingle Creek Cypress Creek Little Econ River Boggy Creek 1 Lake Hart 5 2 Big Econ River St. Johns River Legend Gauge Gauge Name 1 Boggy Creek 2 Corner Lake 3 Lake Beauclair 4 Lake Sawmill 5 Lake Hart 6 Lake Hickerynut 7 Lake Maitland 8 Lake Orlando 9 Michaels dam 10 Riverside Acres 11 Shingle Creek 12 Spring Lake

29 Lake Orlando 10 5 Rainfall(Inches) Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Historical Average Lake Orlando Cumulative Deviation Figure 19 - Lake Orlando Rainfall & Departure from Historical Average As indicated in the graph above, the months of March and September were above the historical monthly average with remaining months below. The resulting rainfall total for the year was 28.9 inches, which is 19.3 inches below the historical average. Storm summary information for Lake Orlando recorded 66 separate storm events, of which, 93% were less than or equal to 1.0 inches. The Lake Orlando rain gauge station recorded no storm events over 2.0 inches in During 2001 the longest rain event lasted 14.5 hours, the highest recorded rainfall amount for a single storm event was 1.8 inches and the maximum peak intensity for a single storm event was 2.4 inches per hour. Complete storm summary data for Lake Orlando is available in Appendix B. 24

30 Installation Date: July 1986 Equipment: Campbell CR 10 Type of Collection: Rainfall, Canal Stage & Discharge Location: In Blanchard Park East of Dean Rd. North of S.R. 50 on Michaels Dam Drainage Basin: Little Econ S-T-R: District: Lake Apopka Big Wekiva River 10 Little Wekiva River Howell Branch DEAN RD. LITTLE ECON BLANCHARD PARK ROUSE RD. 6 Reedy Creek Shingle Creek Cypress Creek Little Econ River Boggy Creek 1 Lake Hart 5 2 Big Econ River St. Johns River Legend Gauge Gauge Name 1 Boggy Creek 2 Corner Lake 3 Lake Beauclair 4 Lake Sawmill 5 Lake Hart 6 Lake Hickerynut 7 Lake Maitland 8 Lake Orlando 9 Michaels dam 10 Riverside Acres 11 Shingle Creek 12 Spring Lake

31 Michael s Dam Historical Average Michael's Dam Cumulative Deviation 10 Rainfall(Inches) Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Figure 21 - Micheals Dam Rainfall & Departure from Historical Average As indicated in the graph above, the months of January, March, July, September and November were above the historical monthly averages with the remaining months below. The resulting rainfall total for the year was 52.0 inches, which is 3.8 inches above the historical average. Storm summary information for Michael s Dam recorded 105 separate storm events, of which, 87% were less than or equal to 1.0 inches. The Michael s Dam rain gauge station recorded three storm events over 2.0 inches in During 2001 the longest rain event lasted hours, the highest recorded rainfall amount for a single storm event was 5.0 inches and the maximum peak intensity for a single storm event was 7.6 inches per hour. Complete storm summary data for Michael s Dam is available in Appendix B. 26

32 Installation Date: September 1989 Equipment: Campbell CR 10 Type of Collection: Rainfall, Canal Stage & Discharge Location: South of Pembrook Dr., West of Forest City Rd. On Little Wekiva River Drainage Basin: Little Wekiva S-T-R: District: PEMBROOK DR. 3 Lake Apopka Big Wekiva River 10 Little Wekiva River Howell Branch LITTLE EDGEWATER DR. WEKIVA FOREST CITY RD. 6 Reedy Creek Shingle Creek Cypress Creek Little Econ River Boggy Creek 1 Lake Hart 5 2 Big Econ River St. Johns River Legend Gauge Gauge Name 1 Boggy Creek 2 Corner Lake 3 Lake Beauclair 4 Lake Sawmill 5 Lake Hart 6 Lake Hickerynut 7 Lake Maitland 8 Lake Orlando 9 Michaels dam 10 Riverside Acres 11 Shingle Creek 12 Spring Lake

33 Riverside Acres 10 8 Historical Average Riverside Acres Cumulative Deviation Riverside Acres Graph Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec -4 Figure 23 - Riverside Acres Rainfall & Departure from Historical Average As indicated in the graph above, the months of March, May, July and September were above the historical monthly averages with the remaining months below. The resulting rainfall total for the year was 45.8 inches, which is 2.4 inches below the historical average. Storm summary information for Riverside Acres recorded 73 separate storm events, of which, 90% were less than or equal to 1.0 inches. The Riverside Acres rain gauge station recorded four storm events over 2.0 inches in During 2001 the longest rain event lasted hours, the highest recorded rainfall amount for a single storm event was 3.1 inches and the maximum peak intensity for a single storm event was 4.8 inches per hour. Complete storm summary data for Riverside Acres is available in Appendix B. 28

34 Installation Date: May 1987 Equipment: Campbell CR 10 Type of Collection: Rainfall & Lake Stage Location: Norht Side of Conroy Rd Bridge over Shingle Creek Drainage Basin: Shingle Creek S-T-R: District: Lake Apopka 6 Reedy Creek Big Wekiva River Shingle Creek Cypress Creek Little Wekiva River Little Econ River Boggy Creek 1 Howell Branch Lake Hart 5 2 Big Econ River St. Johns River KIRKMAN RD. L.B. McLEOD RD. CREEK SHINGLE CONROY RD. I - 4 Legend JOHN YOUNG PKWY. Gauge Gauge Name 1 Boggy Creek 2 Corner Lake 3 Lake Beauclair 4 Lake Sawmill 5 Lake Hart 6 Lake Hickerynut 7 Lake Maitland 8 Lake Orlando 9 Michaels dam 10 Riverside Acres 11 Shingle Creek 12 Spring Lake

35 Shingle Creek Historical Average Shingle Creek Cumulative Deviation 8 Rainfall(Inches) Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec -4-6 Figure 25 - Shingle Creek Rainfall & Departure from Historical Average As indicated in the graph above, the months of March, June, July and September was above the historical monthly averages with the remaining months below. The resulting rainfall total for the year was 44.7 inches, which is 3.5 inches below the historical average. Storm summary information for Shingle Creek recorded 83 separate storm events, of which, 83% were less than or equal to 1.0 inches. The Shingle Creek rain gauge station recorded three storm events over 2.0 inches in During 2001 the longest rain event lasted hours, the highest recorded rainfall amount for a single storm event was 2.8 inches and the maximum peak intensity for a single storm event was 4.4 inches per hour. Complete storm summary data for Shingle Creek is available in Appendix B. 30

36 Installation Date: November 1989 Equipment: Campbell CR 10 Type of Collection: Rainfall & Lake Stage Location: South Side of Spring Lake Drainage Basin: Shingle Creek S-T-R: District: 1 3 Lake Apopka 6 Reedy Creek Big Wekiva River Shingle Creek Cypress Creek Little Wekiva River Little Econ River Boggy Creek 1 Howell Branch Lake Hart 5 2 Big Econ River St. Johns River DR. PHILLIPS BV. WALLACE RD. SPRING LAKE SAND LAKE RD. Legend TURKEY LAKE RD. Gauge Gauge Name 1 Boggy Creek 2 Corner Lake 3 Lake Beauclair 4 Lake Sawmill 5 Lake Hart 6 Lake Hickerynut 7 Lake Maitland 8 Lake Orlando 9 Michaels dam 10 Riverside Acres 11 Shingle Creek 12 Spring Lake

37 Spring Lake Rainfall(Inches) Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Historical Average Spring Lake Cumulative Deviation Figure 27 - Spring Lake Rainfall & Departure from Historical Average As indicated in the graph above, the months of March, April, July and September were above the historical monthly averages with the remainder below. The resulting rainfall total for the year was 41.6 inches, which is 6.6 inches below the historical average. Storm summary information for Spring Lake recorded 84 separate storm events, of which, 84% were less than or equal to 1.0 inches. The Spring Lake rain gauge station recorded one storm event over 2.0 inches in During 2001 the longest rain event lasted 19.5 hours, the highest recorded rainfall amount for a single storm event was 3.5 inches and the maximum peak intensity for a single storm event was 4.4 inches per hour. Complete storm summary data for Spring Lake is available in Appendix B. 32

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39 Gauging Stations Location Criteria The location of the current gauging stations were chosen by taking into account the following factors: Coverage throughout the County Ease of Calibration Ease of Access Susceptibility to vandalism Installation Procedure New sites are meticulously researched to insure that all major drainage basins within Orange County are covered with real time monitoring of rainfall which might require more than one rain gauge in a particular basin. Once the site is selected, a survey crew sets a benchmark located close to the new station. Stormwater Management Division staff coordinates with the Roads and Drainage Division to install the gauge. The materials used in the construction of gauge station include a 4 x 4 pressure treated post, PVC pipes, electric wires, ground rod, galvanized deck screws, bolts, nuts, nails, etc. After the external instruments are installed, the electronics are installed within the enclosure. The digital recorders are then calibrated and the station begins to collect data. Equipment All rain gauges are outfitted with Campbell Scientfic, Inc. rain gauge equipment consisting of: (1) a CR10 measurement and control module, (2) SM192 storage module, (3) Rainwise M10 tipping bucket, (4) Metritape water level sensor, (5) 12-volt battery, (6) Solarex MSX 10 solar panel, and (7) voltage regulator as indicated in Figure 28. The 2001 cost for the hardware installed at each site is listed in Table five. 34

40 Figure 28 - Campbell Rain Gauge Equipment Set-up 1. The Campbell CR10 measurement and control module, combines a microcomputer, clock, multimeter, calibrator, scanner, timer, frequency counter, and controller in a compact, sealed, stainless steel package. It comes with twelve (12) analog input channels, three (3) switched excitation channels, two (2) 5-volts excitation channels, two (2) pulse counting channels, eight (8) digital input/output channels, power and ground connections, and a 9-pin serial I/O port for connection to data storage, retrieval, and telecommunications peripherals, such as a CR10KD keyboard or a PC. The CR10 receives electric signals from the sensors, converts them into raw data, and stores them into the storage module (SM 192). The standard memory of the CR10 stores up to 29,900 data points. 2. The Campbell SM192 storage modules are used to store all the data processed by the CR10, and to transport data from the field back to the office. The SM192 provides battery-backed, solid state, RAM data storage to supplement the storage capacity in the CR10. When used with the CR10, the SM192 stores not only the data, but the program that runs the CR10. Therefore, if a power failure occurs, the CR10 will not lose the settings and will continue to work as soon as power is restored. The SM192 has a storage capacity of up to 192,896 bytes. 3. Rainwise M10 tipping buckets are utilized to measure rainfall. Rain drops are funneled through an orifice into a tipping bucket. When the bucket receives a volume of rainfall equal to 0.1 inch times the surface area of tipping bucket, it tips, sending an electrical signal to be recorded in the CR10. 35

41 4. Water levels at the stations are measured with a Metritape water level sensor. This sensor is an elongated resistance tape, which utilizes a continuous, helical resistance element enclosed within a sealed and compliant polymer sheath. Without the hydrostatic pressure of liquid acting on the sheath, the resistance helix is un-shortened down to the welded contact at the sensor bottom end, and full helix resistance appears across the lead wires at the sensor top. As the water level rises, the helix turns are progressively shortened against the underlying base strip, reducing the sensor resistance to near zero at the highest water level. As the water level falls, the outer sheath and helix contacts are relieved of pressure and open, increasing sensor resistance for each unit decrease in water level. Simply put, every time the water level increases or decreases, the voltage applied to the sensor changes, and these changes are recorded in the CR10 and converted to water elevation data. 5. A 12-volt lawn mower type battery is utilized to power the Campbell CR10 s which operate on voltage ranging from 10.5 to 16 volts. 6. A Solarex MSX 10 solar panel is used at each gauge to provide a continuous trickle charge to the 12-volt battery. 7. A voltage regulator is used at each station. Since the solar panel may generate up to 30-volts depending on sunlight conditions, it becomes necessary to reduce the excess power to protect the equipment. 8. A COM200 Modem is used to communicate with each station via telephone. 36

42 Table 5 - Rain Gauge Equipment Cost 2001 CAMPBELL SCIENTIFIC Equipment Description INC. Price CR10 $1,315 Key Board - CR10KD $275 CSI CM200 Telephone Modem $295 Storage Module - SM192 $330 Water Level Sensor - Metritape(AGS - 10) $625 Rain Gauge - Rainwise M10 $100 CSI TB - 3 Mounting and Leveling Plate $90 Solar Panel - Solarex MSX - 10 $ Volt Battery $86 Plastic Box Enclosure $630 Surge Protector COAX $55 Total Cost in 2001 $4,261 Digital Programming, Calibration, Storage and Retrieval Digital hardware and software is used to program, calibrate, store, and retrieve data from the instrumentation stations. The hardware and software utilized is described below and a schematic is presented on Figure CR10KD keyboard is used to program the CR10 on site, download data to a SM192, and check for proper operation of the station. 2. The PC208W software is utilized to download the data taken from the SM192 to a personal computer. It is also utilized to program the rain gauge station in the office before initial installation. 3. Peripherals: The CS532 allows communications between SM192 and a personal computer. The CS32A allows communications between the personal computer and CR10. 37

43 Figure 29 - Campbell Equipment Interface 38

44 Maintenance & Operation Routine On the first week of every month, each rain gauge station is inspected for quality control and quality assurance of the rainfall and stage data. Every station is checked to ensure that it is operating and that the sensors are calibrated properly. Also the clock is checked to ensure the station is logging the correct time. Enclosures are cleaned, dust and bugs are removed from the insides of the boxes, cable connections are inspected and/or fixed as necessary, and tipping buckets are inspected and/or cleaned. Data Collection The Campbell data logging equipment is programmed to record rainfall, stage and/or discharge information every five minutes and store it every 15 minutes. Also, at the end of each day, the recording equipment also logs a daily summary of the total rainfall, peak stage and/or discharge. Once the data is downloaded from the Campbell equipment to a personal computer, it is imported into a Microsoft (MS) EXCEL computer spreadsheet program. This raw data is quality controlled and published in a monthly rainfall report summarizing daily totals of rainfall. At the end of each calendar year, the data is summarized in an annual rainfall report published by the Stormwater Management Division. Loss of Data Some data loss may occur due to unavoidable causes such as: Natural Phenomenon: The equipment is manufactured, set-up and maintained to minimize the effects of lighting, high wind speed, flooding, heat and humidity, but is still not completely immune to damage especially during extreme weather events. Pests: The interior of the electronics enclosure could become a perfect environment for bugs, frogs or snakes. Birds perch on and leave their droppings on the rain gauge. Spiders weave webs that effect the mechanical tipping bucket. Vandalism: The most prevalent vandalism is the destruction of tipping buckets, cables and locks. Enclosures are occasionally used for gunfire target practice. Vegetation and Debris: The Metritape device can give incorrect readings if surrounded by vegetation and debris. 39

45 Future Plans Using grant funding obtained from the Florida Department of Community affairs the Rainfall Monitoring Program will be upgraded to transmit data in Real Time using radio telemetry. With this technology, it will be possible to monitor the stations from the office instantaneously, and report any problem immediately. 40

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47 APPENDIX A - Monthly Rainfall Report 42

48 PREPARED BY FRANK FORTUNATO ENG.TECH III JANUARY 2001 STORMWATER MANAGEMENT DEPARTMENTMENT RAINFALL REPORT FOR ORANGE COUNTY-FLORIDA 4200 S. JOHN YOUNG PARKWAY DAILY RAINFALL(INCHES ONLY) ORLANDO,FLORIDA PHONE DATE BOGGY CORNER LAKE LAKE LAKE LAKE SPRING LAKE MICHAELSRIVERSIDE SHINGLE LAKE ORLANDO 2001 CREEK LAKE BEAUCLAIR HART HICKORYNUT MAITLAND LAKE ORLANDO DAM ACRES CREEK SAWMILL AIRPORT 1-Jan Jan Jan Jan Jan Jan Jan Jan Jan Jan Jan Jan Jan Jan Jan Jan Jan Jan Jan Jan Jan Jan Jan Jan Jan Jan Jan Jan Jan Jan Jan MONTH TOTAL

49 PREPARED BY FRANK FORTUNATO ENG.TECH III FEBUARY 2001 STORMWATER MANAGEMENT DEPARTMENTMENT RAINFALL REPORT FOR ORANGE COUNTY-FLORIDA 4200 S. JOHN YOUNG PARKWAY DAILY RAINFALL(INCHES ONLY) ORLANDO,FLORIDA PHONE DATE BOGGY CORNER LAKE LAKE LAKE LAKE SPRING LAKE MICHAELSRIVERSIDE SHINGLE LAKE ORLANDO 2001 CREEK LAKE BEAUCLAIR HART HICKORYNUT MAITLAND LAKE ORLANDO DAM ACRES CREEK SAWMILL AIRPORT 1-Feb Feb Feb Feb Feb Feb Feb Feb Feb Feb Feb Feb Feb Feb Feb Feb Feb Feb Feb Feb Feb Feb Feb Feb Feb Feb Feb Feb MONTH TOTAL

50 PREPARED BY FRANK FORTUNATO ENG.TECH III MARCH 2001 STORMWATER MANAGEMENT DEPARTMENTMENT RAINFALL REPORT FOR ORANGE COUNTY-FLORIDA 4200 S. JOHN YOUNG PARKWAY DAILY RAINFALL(INCHES ONLY) ORLANDO,FLORIDA PHONE DATE BOGGY CORNER LAKE LAKE LAKE LAKE SPRING LAKE MICHAELSRIVERSIDE SHINGLE LAKE ORLANDO 2001 CREEK LAKE BEAUCLAIR HART HICKORYNUT MAITLAND LAKE ORLANDO DAM ACRES CREEK SAWMILL AIRPORT 1-Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar MONTH TOTAL