Falls River Presence and Timing of Steelhead and Salmon Spawning Monitoring (Year 1)

Transcription

1 Falls River Project Water Use Plan Falls River Presence and Timing of Steelhead and Salmon Spawning Monitoring (Year 1) Reference: Falls MON#1 Falls River Water Use Plan Monitoring Program: Falls River Presence and Timing of Steelhead and Salmon Spawning Monitoring Study Period: April - October 2007 Cambria Gordon Ltd. Metlakatla Fisheries

2 BC Hydro Falls River Water Use Plan (WUP) Monitoring: Presence and Timing of Steelhead and Salmon Spawning Interim Report, Year 1 Prepared for: Eva Wichmann, B.Sc., R.P. Bio BC Hydro, Vancouver Island Generation 10 John Hart Road Campbell River, BC December 2007 Prepared by:

3 Acknowledgments We would like to thank Eva Wichmann of BC Hydro for her ongoing support and valuable input throughout the project, and for swimming with us while there was still snow on the ground. Lana Miller of DFO provided important background information and local expertise. William Beynon and Michelle Mintenko of Metlakatla Fisheries braved the cold water and provided valuable insight and assistance throughout the project. Dave Taft of Cambria Gordon Ltd. employed significant angling expertise on several trips, while Dave Gordon and Sam Buchanan participated as swimmers. Andrew Thomas of BC Hydro (Terrace) provided ongoing logistical support and training for our field crews. Additional thanks must go to Ron Bullock, Chad France and Terry Smith of BC Hydro who were gracious hosts, as well as capable and knowledgeable local guides during our visits to the Falls Riviera. Cambria Gordon Ltd. and Metlakatla Fisheries iii

4 Executive Summary In 2007, Cambria Gordon Ltd. (CGL) and Metlakatla Fisheries completed presence and timing assessments for steelhead and salmon (snorkel surveys) at BC Hydro s Falls River facility, in order to fulfill a component of BC Hydro s Water Licence requirements. This report summarizes Year 1 of a proposed 3 year study, and is a component of a larger 5 year Water Use Plan (WUP) monitoring program; additional surveys are planned for 2008 and Main Objectives The ultimate objective of this study is to assess the outcome of recommended operation changes (changes in flow regimes) to provide information on which to base future operation decisions, as outlined in the Falls River Project WUP Monitoring Program Terms of Reference (ToR) (BC Hydro, 2006). This study represents one of several monitoring programs recommended by the Consultative Committee (BC Hydro, 2003), which are conducted according the Falls River Order under the Water Act (Comptroller of Water Rights, 2006). Critical Methods Seven snorkel surveys (swims) were conducted in the Falls River tailpond between April and October Surveys were typically conducted by a crew of 2 swimmers; angling was conducted as a secondary survey method prior to the swim, whenever possible. Environmental data, observations of fish and/or evidence of spawning were recorded for each swim. Survey effectiveness in May, July, August and September was compromised by high water levels. Key Results No steelhead or pacific salmon were observed during snorkel surveys in the Falls River tailpond in Although surveys results were negative, it is not possible at this time to reject the null hypotheses that salmon or steelhead are not present and do not spawn in the tailpond. Results do not indicate that salmon and steelhead did not use this habitat; it is possible that fish were present but not detected in 2007, and/or that survey timing did not coincide with fish use of this habitat. Historical surveys and anecdotal information indicate that both pink and chinook salmon have used the tailpond habitat in recent years for spawning; however no evidence of previous steelhead presence or use of this habitat was documented. Historic run timing for pink and chinook salmon in the Falls River appears to be August/September; no evidence of an early (June/July) chinook run was located. Overall, angling appears to be the most effective method to detect fish presence in the Falls River tailpond, especially during high flows. Angling is recommended as a standard survey method in addition to snorkel surveys, during future assessments. Contextualization Seasonal minimum flows recommended by the Consultative Committee (CC) for the Falls River WUP are based, in part, on estimated spawning timing for adult salmon and steelhead in the Falls River. The benefits of these flows however, are uncertain due to limited information on species presence and spawning timing. The current (2007) study, and future monitoring for the presence and spawning timing of steelhead and salmon in the Falls River tailpond, are directed at reducing this uncertainty, in order to guide future operating decisions. Cambria Gordon Ltd. and Metlakatla Fisheries iv

5 Table of Contents 1 INTRODUCTION Study Area Previous Assessments METHODS Approach Survey Methods Data Entry RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Periodicity Review Fish Presence and Timing Summary Site Conditions and Limitations High Water Levels and Survey Effectiveness Swim Patterns Steelhead Surveys Steelhead Survey # Steelhead Survey # Steelhead Survey # Salmon Surveys Salmon Survey # Salmon Survey # Salmon Survey # Salmon Survey # Summary of Key Results CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS REFERENCES PERSONAL COMMUNICATIONS APPENDICES Cambria Gordon Ltd. and Metlakatla Fisheries v

6 List of Figures Figure 1: Location map, Falls River hydroelectric facility (Source: BC Hydro, 2006) Figure 2: Survey drawing of study area (Source: DFO, 2002)... 3 Figure 3: Falls River powerhouse and tailpond (July 31, 2007)... 3 Figure 4: Outflow (combined turbine and spillway flows) for Falls River Project during the study period, showing values for survey dates...9 Figure 5: Outflows from Falls River Project turbines and spillway for the 2007 study period... 9 Figure 6: Reservoir elevations for the 2007 study period, showing survey dates Figure 7: Low outflow conditions during steelhead survey #1, April 4, Figure 8: Low outflow conditions during steelhead survey #2, April 12, Figure 9: Angling during high outflow conditions, steelhead survey #3, May 7, Figure 10: High outflow conditions during salmon survey #1, July, Figure 11: High outflow conditions during salmon survey #2, August 30, Figure 12: Low outflow conditions during salmon survey #4, October 26, List of Tables Table 1: Summary of conditions and results for 2007 Falls River salmon and steelhead surveys. 8 List of Appendices Appendix I: Falls River Snorkel Survey Field Data Sheet Appendix II: Falls River Presence and Timing of Salmon and Steelhead Database Appendix III: Periodicity Review, Contacts and Detailed Information Appendix IV: Photomosaic of Falls River tailpond showing approximate location of snorkel survey transects for Cambria Gordon Ltd. and Metlakatla Fisheries vi

7 1 INTRODUCTION Cambria Gordon Ltd. (CGL) and Metlakatla Fisheries were retained by BC Hydro to complete steelhead and salmon spawning surveys at BC Hydro s Falls River hydroelectric project, in order to fulfill a component of BC Hydro s Water Licence requirements for This report summarizes Year 1 of a proposed 3 year study, and is a component of a larger 5 year Water Use Plan (WUP) monitoring program. Additional spawning assessments are planned for 2008 and The following report outlines our initial efforts to assist BC Hydo to answer 2 key management questions identified in the Falls River WUP: 1. Do salmon and steelhead spawn in the Falls River tailpond? 2. When do salmon and steelhead spawn in the Falls River tailpond? The ultimate objective of this study over the long term is to assess the outcomes of recommended operation changes (changes in flow regimes) to provide information on which to base future operation decisions, as outlined in the Falls River Project WUP Monitoring Program Terms of Reference (ToR) (BC Hydro, 2006a). This study represents one of several monitoring programs recommended by the Consultative Committee (BC Hydro, 2003), which are conducted according the Falls River Order under the Water Act (April, 2006). 1.1 Study Area BC Hydro s Falls River facility is located approximately 50 km southeast of Prince Rupert on the Falls River, which is a right bank tributary to the Ecstall River (Figure 1). The project has a single reservoir, located above a large, natural rock waterfall. Two penstocks carry water to turbines located in the powerhouse at the base of the falls. Water is outflowd from the turbines into the tailpond, which extends from the base of the falls to the top of a tidal rapid approximately 175 m downstream. The tailpond is approximately 100 m wide by 200 m long (1.5 ha) and is the focus area for the study (Figures 2 & 3). Site access is by boat, float plane or helicopter only. Float plane access is restricted at tide heights below 1.5 m. Cambria Gordon Ltd. and Metlakatla Fisheries 1

8 Figure 1: Location map, Falls River hydroelectric facility (Source: BC Hydro, 2006). Cambria Gordon Ltd. and Metlakatla Fisheries 2

9 Figure 2: Survey drawing showing Falls River tailpond (source: Fisheries and Oceans, 2002). Figure 3: Falls River Project powerhouse and tailpond (July 31, 2007). Cambria Gordon Ltd. and Metlakatla Fisheries 3

10 1.2 Previous Assessments BC Hydro conducted snorkel surveys for chinook in the Falls River in 2003 (Hunter, 2003). This work was completed in response to a report by the Metlakatla First Nation of a historic early chinook run in the Falls River, and a request for BC Hydro to investigate. Snorkel surveys and angling were undertaken on June 16 th and 27 th (2003) with representatives from DFO and Northcoast Environment, and included the Falls River channel downstream of the tailpond to the Ecstall River. No fish were captured or observed, leading to the conclusion that chinook likely do not utilize the tailpond during the month of June (Hunter, 2003). Fisheries and Oceans Canada (DFO) and Northcoast Environment subsequently conducted a chinook incubation study in the Falls River tailpond in During this study, one pair of chinook spawners and several redds (assumed to be from chinook and pink salmon) were observed in the Falls River tailpond in early September, 2003 (L. Miller, pers. comm.). The study team noted that the redds noted in the tailpond were flattened by spilling outflows, and were no longer visible the next day. BC Hydro staff indicated that a detailed fisheries assessment, focused on potential habitat rehabilitation at the Falls River facility, was completed in 1980 (B. Mossop, pers. comm. re: Redenbach, 1981). During the Redenbach (1981) study, bright chinook were angled and observed in the Falls River between August 20 th and 30 th, In the BC 16 s Summary Sheet for the Falls River, DFO refers to a comprehensive study by Lister & Associates (1981), which documents chinook spawning in the Falls River tailpond; however the original document was not located for review. 2 METHODS 2.1 Approach Snorkel surveys ( swims ) and angling were conducted to assess presence and spawning timing for steelhead and Pacific salmon (pink, chum, chinook, coho, sockeye) in the Falls River tailpond between April and October, The following null hypotheses, as outlined in the Falls River WUP ToR (BC Hydro, 2006a) were examined: H 1 : Salmon are not present and do not spawn in the tailpond from August 1 to October 15. H 2 : Steelhead are not present and do not spawn in the tailpond. Prior to conducting field surveys, a periodicity review was completed to provide background information with respect to fish use and timing on the Ecstall and Falls rivers, in order to schedule swims at the best potential times to observe fish. Logistical and safety considerations, such as site conditions and access (reservoir and flow levels, tides, weather) also influenced survey timing. Cambria Gordon Ltd. and Metlakatla Fisheries 4

11 Overall, surveys were scheduled in a best effort to balance logistical and biological considerations. Seven snorkel surveys were conducted in the Falls River tailpond between April and October, 2007 as follows: 3 surveys for steelhead on April 4 th, 12 th and May 7 th, survey for salmon on July 31, survey for salmon on August 30, survey for salmon on September 21, survey for salmon on October 26, Survey Methods Swimmer safety was the primary consideration for determining where and how to conduct fish presence and spawning assessments. In order to ensure safety, swim patterns and effort varied for each survey according to site conditions (flow levels, tides, water temperature). Crews focused on areas with the best visibility, appropriate sized substrate and known potential spawning habitat whenever possible. When tidal conditions were appropriate, crews conducted multiple passes through the tailpond to the dock below the lower rapid, in order to maximize coverage of the study area. Swims were typically conducted by a crew of 2, with a safety watcher standing by onshore with a throw-bag. Angling was conducted as a secondary survey method, whenever possible. Observations of fish presence/absence and/or evidence of spawning (condition of gravel, mounds) were recorded following swims. Crews were to note the activity (e.g., holding, spawning) and condition (e.g., coloration, sexual maturity) of fish, if present, and document the number and location of any redds. Environmental data recorded for each assessment included water temperature, weather conditions, flow levels (from BC Hydro), and visibility (Secchi depth or estimation). A data collection card was developed to record site conditions and observations during each assessment effort (Appendix I). Three Tid-bit TM data loggers were installed on the south side of the tailpond to record temperature changes throughout the study period. Water temperature data may provide a useful supplement to spawning timing information, or be used to predict incubation and emergence periods for salmon and steelhead if evidence of spawning is observed. The data loggers will be downloaded and temperature data will be compared to assessment observations (fish presence, spawning timing) in 2008 and redeployed for Data Entry A Microsoft Access database was developed to record and track survey information, including photos. The database is provided separately as a digital deliverable in Appendix II. The project database will used on an ongoing basis to record and compile data throughout the study (2008, 2009). Cambria Gordon Ltd. and Metlakatla Fisheries 5

12 3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 3.1 Periodicity Review Prior to field sampling historic and anecdotal fish presence, migration and spawning timing information for steelhead, chinook, chum, coho and pink salmon was reviewed for the Ecstall and Falls rivers. The following information sources were reviewed: Fisheries and Oceans Canada (DFO) Fish Habitat Inventory & Information Program: Stream Summary Catalogues, Areas 4A and 4B (1992) DFO Area 4 pink escapement data sheets ( ) DFO BC 16`s Summary Sheet for Big Falls Creek ( ) Reconnaissance (1:20K) Fish and Fish Habitat Inventory for selected tributaries in the lower Ecstall River (SKR Consultants, 1999) Freshwater Fisheries Society of BC (2005) Fish Wizard Online Database: BC Ministry of Environment, Fisheries Inventory Summary System (FISS) online information: Previous studies in the Falls River (Northcoast Environment, 2003; Hunter 2003; Redenbach, 1981). The periodicity review also included information gathered from BC Hydro staff, First Nations (Metlakatla) local Fisheries and Oceans (DFO) staff, Ministry of Environment (M0E) staff, and local sport fishers/guides. In particular, the review considered the possibility of an early (June/July) chinook run. Results of this review were used to guide field survey timing, and are summarized below Fish Presence and Timing Summary Overall, the periodicity review indicated that the optimal survey timing for steelhead is April/May, and optimal survey timing for chinook is August/September. No evidence of an early (June/July) chinook run in the Falls or Ecstall rivers was located; however historic survey effort during June appears limited to the Hunter (2003) study. The following summarizes migration and spawning timing information located for salmon and steelhead in the Falls and Ecstall systems. Detailed periodicity review information is in Appendix III. Chinook: Migration into the Ecstall River occurs in late July and August. Spawning occurs in early September (FISS). Migration into the Falls River system occurs in late August; spawning begins late in August and peaks in early September and may continue through October (FISS). Chinook spawners and redds have been noted in the Falls River tailpond in late August and early September by a variety of sources (Redenbach, 1981; Bullock, R. pers. comm.; William Cambria Gordon Ltd. and Metlakatla Fisheries 6

13 Beynon, pers. comm.). No fish or redds were observed during two previous snorkel surveys in June (Hunter, 2003). Chinook presence and spawning has been recorded in the Falls River tailpond at the base of the falls, below the powerhouse and in gravel areas downstream between 1955 and Observations typically occur between August 12 and September 22; however dates are not provided for some years (DFO, BC 16 s Summary Sheet). Coho: Migration into the Ecstall River occurs in mid to late October; spawning begins in late October, peaks in November and continues into December (FISS). No information was located for the Falls River. Chum: Migration into the Ecstall River occurs in late July and early August; spawning peaks in late August and continues into September and early October (FISS). Chum were observed periodically in the Falls River tailpond in August and September between (DFO, BC 16 s Summary Sheet). Pink: Migration into the Ecstall River occurs in late July and early August; spawning occurs in August through October (FISS). Migration in the Falls River occurs in August; spawning begins in August and continues through October (FISS). Observed September 9, 1987 and periodically between August and September between 1948 and 1973 (DFO BC 16 s Summary Sheet). Observed in the Falls River tailpond late August 2007 (R. Bullock, pers. comm.). Sockeye: Known to be present in the Ecstall River; migration occurs in June through August, spawning occurs in September-October (FISS). Not recorded in the Falls River. Steelhead: Known to be present in the Ecstall River (SKR, 1999; Fish Wizard); no documented run timing information available. Not recorded in the Falls River. One local sport fishing guide/naturalist indicated that April-May was appropriate timing for steelhead spawning assessments, and that the earliest he had captured steelhead in the Ecstall system was April 6 (F. Seiler, pers. comm.). Another local guide/naturalist indicated that the steelhead run in the Ecstall was likely very limited overall (M. Whelpley, pers. comm.). Cambria Gordon Ltd. and Metlakatla Fisheries 7

14 3.2 Site Conditions and Limitations Physical characteristics of the Falls River tailpond and specific site conditions during each swim significantly affected the ability of the crew to accurately assess fish presence and use. The tailpond is deep (at least 2-3 m) from the base of the falls to approximately 50 m downstream and along the southern (left bank) shoreline, which is made of bedrock. Deep water reduces the potential for swimmers to observe fish due to increased cover for fish and reduced visibility at depth. It is assumed that fish (if present) would be able to hide in the deep water, or swim away well before they are seen. The latter is likely true throughout the Falls River tailpond at all flow levels, due to the size of the channel. In a smaller channel, swimmers are able to survey all potential habitat from bank to bank, and are more likely to observe fish (if present). Although an effort was made to plan surveys according to weather forecasts and water levels, several attempts in 2007 unavoidably coincided with high total outflow 1 events, which resulted in poor survey conditions (restricted swimming areas, high tailpond flows, and reduced visibility). Table 1 summarizes total outflow, reservoir elevations, survey conditions and results for steelhead and salmon spawning assessments completed in Detailed information from each survey is available in the project database, included separately as Appendix II. Table 1: Summary of conditions and results for 2007 Falls River salmon and steelhead surveys. Survey Date (dd/mm/yy) Target Species Total Outflow (Turbines+Spillway) (m 3 /s) Reservoir Elevation (m) Water Temp. ( 0 C) Overall Survey Conditions Species Observed/ Captured 04/04/07 Steelhead Good None 12/04/07 Steelhead Good None 07/05/07 Steelhead Poor None 31/07/07 Chinook/ Pink Poor SC 30/08/07 Chinook/ 2 DV, Poor Coho/ Pink 2 CT 2 21/09/07 Chinook/Coho Poor None 26/10/07 Coho Good None DV=Dolly Varden char, CT=cutthroat trout, SC = Sculpin Total outflow into the tailpond ranged from a minimum of approximately 0.79 m 3 s (cms) to a maximum of 225 m 3 s during the study period; reservoir elevation ranged from m to m. Flashboards, which can be installed to raise the weir crest of the dam to 92.4 m, were installed only very briefly in , and therefore weir crest height typically remained at 90.3 m throughout the study period. Figures 4 and 5 show combined and individual turbine and spillway outflows respectively, for the study period (February-November); reservoir elevations are shown on Figure 6. 1 Combined turbine and spillway outflow (m 3 /s or cms), sometimes referred to as discharge. 2 Captured by angling. 3 Exact dates unknown, data suggest this occurred in March. Cambria Gordon Ltd. and Metlakatla Fisheries 8

15 Combined turbine and spillway outflow (daily average) Survey Dates 2007 Outflow / Discharge (m 3 /s) Jan Jan Jan Feb-07 2-Mar Mar-07 1-Apr Apr-07 1-May May May Jun Jun Jul Jul Aug Aug Sep Sep Oct Oct Nov Nov Dec-07 Date (2007) Figure 4: Outflow (combined turbine and spillway flows) for Falls River Project during the study period, showing values for survey dates Spillway Outflow (daily average) Turbine Outflow (daily average) Survey Dates 2007 Outflow / Discharge (m 3 /s) Jan Jan Jan Feb-07 2-Mar Mar-07 1-Apr Apr-07 1-May May May Jun Jun Jul Jul Aug Aug Sep Sep Oct Oct Nov Nov Dec-07 Date (2007) Figure 5: Outflows from Falls River Project turbines and spillway for the 2007 study period. Cambria Gordon Ltd. and Metlakatla Fisheries 9

16 92.5 Reservoir Elevation (m) 92.0 Survey Dates 2007 Weir Crest Height (without flashboards) 91.5 Elevation (m) Jan Jan Jan Feb-07 2-Mar Mar-07 1-Apr Apr-07 1-May May May Jun Jun Jul Jul Aug Aug Sep Sep Oct Oct Nov Nov Dec-07 Date (2007) Figure 6: Reservoir elevations for the 2007 study period, showing survey dates High Water Levels and Survey Effectiveness High water levels (total outflow of greater than 40 m 3 /s) were encountered during snorkel surveys in May, July, August and September 2007 (Table 1, Figure 4). High water levels compromise survey effectiveness for several reasons. First, high outflows result in increased turbidity in the tailpond, particularly near the base of the falls, which reduces visibility and the potential to observe fish. Secondly, safe swim zones are reduced during high flows due to stronger currents in the tailpond. The tide level at the time of survey also plays a role with respect to site coverage and survey effectiveness. If the tide level is below 6 m in Prince Rupert, the lower rapid of the tailpond is exposed and represents a potential safety hazard to swimmers. Swimmers must avoid moving into the central current of the tailpond when the rapid is exposed and flows are high, to avoid the potential for being swept downstream and injured. The lower rapid becomes slack (backwatered) on a flooding tide of approximately 6.0 m 4 in Prince Rupert. This is an ideal tide level for snorkel surveys, as crews can safely swim through the tailpond and out to the facility dock, then walk back to repeat the swim on a parallel course, covering the width of tailpond. This is also an appropriate tide level for site access, as float planes cannot access the Falls site at low tides (below approximately 1.5 m). It is not always practical or possible, however, to schedule swims to coincide with ideal tide or flow conditions. It is also important to note that 4 The tailpond is slack when the tide is at m in Prince Rupert, in real time, without correcting for lag time between Prince Rupert and the Ecstall/Falls River. Cambria Gordon Ltd. and Metlakatla Fisheries 10

17 the window during which the tailpond is slack is very short; flow is reversed thereafter. Crews must be in the water when the tailpond becomes slack in order to take advantage of these conditions Swim Patterns Swim patterns varied during each survey depending on site conditions and safety considerations. When conditions allowed, swimmers moved downstream in pairs in parallel lanes (approximately 2-3 m apart) from the entry point (near the powerhouse) to the dock, located below the lower rapid. Up to 3 passes were generally made in this manner, in an attempt to cover the width of the tailpond from bank to bank. Swimming near the base of the falls was not considered effective for detection of fish due to deep water (> 3 m) and generally higher turbidity resulting from turbulence at the base of the falls; these conditions resulted in low visibility and a low potential to observe fish in this area. An overview of approximate swim patterns for each snorkel survey from 2007 is in Appendix IV. 3.3 Steelhead Surveys Three steelhead surveys were conducted on April 4 th, 12 th and May 7 th, Survey dates were selected according to site access (tides), availability of personnel (Metlakatla/BC Hydro/CGL) site conditions (water levels, weather), and information gathered during the periodicity review. Survey effort focused on locating evidence of spawning activity (redds, washed gravels) and angling. No target species (steelhead) were observed or captured during any steelhead surveys in 2007, and no evidence of spawning activity was noted. Results for individual steelhead surveys are presented below; survey data are in the project database (Appendix II). Swim patterns for steelhead snorkel surveys are shown in Appendix IV Steelhead Survey #1 Representatives from CGL, Metlakatla Fisheries and BC Hydro arrived on site by floatplane (Inland Air Charters) at approximately 10:00 on April 4, Tide height (Prince Rupert) was approximately 1.5 m and rising, and the lower rapid was exposed. Total outflow into the tailpond was less than 1 m 3 /s; visibility (water clarity) and survey conditions were therefore good overall (Table 1, Figure 7). The crew completed BC Hydro local component safety training, which included a review of on site facilities and restricted areas (powerhouse), on-site communication procedures, BC Hydro Northern Control Center (NCC) check-in and check-out and site lock-up procedures. A preswim tailboard meeting was held on the beach before swimmers entered the water, which defined no-swim zones near the turbine outflows and near the lower rapids; the tailboard also reviewed general swim safety measures and exit strategies. Four crew members, including Eva Wichmann from BC Hydro, conducted the snorkel survey, in groups of two. A safety watcher worked from shore. Three (3) data loggers were installed in the tailpond on the left bank, and associated field forms were completed. Survey effort was approximately 60 minutes, including installation of the data loggers. The survey covered all Cambria Gordon Ltd. and Metlakatla Fisheries 11

18 habitat in the tailpond, however visibility was limited in deep areas near the base of the falls. No fish were observed in the tailpond, and no evidence of recent spawning or redds were noted, however suitable gravels were present Steelhead Survey #2 Three crew members from CGL (2) and Metlakatla Fisheries (1) arrived on site at approximately 14:30 on April 12, 2007; tide height (Prince Rupert) was approximately 2.5 m and falling, and therefore the lower rapid was exposed. Total outflow into the tailpond was low at 4.22 m 3 /s; visibility (water clarity) and survey conditions were therefore good overall (Table 1, Figure 8). A pre-swim tailboard meeting was held to define no-swim zones and review general swim safety measures and exit strategies. Snorkel survey effort was approximately 35 minutes and included near shore areas on both banks; no fish or evidence of recent spawning activity was observed. Angling was not conducted during this survey Steelhead Survey #3 Crew members from CGL (2) and Metlakatla Fisheries (1) arrived on site at approximately 10:45 on May 7, 2007; tide height (Prince Rupert) was approximately 2.0 m and falling, and therefore the lower rapid was exposed. Total outflow into the tailpond was high at m 3 /s; visibility and survey conditions were therefore reduced overall (Table 1). A pre-swim tailboard meeting was held to define no-swim zones and review general swim safety measures and exit strategies. Crews surveyed close to the north shore for approximately 25 minutes, and did not cross to the south shore due to potential safety hazards; no fish were observed or captured during the swim or a 40 minute angling effort. Angling was conducted using roe and covered all habitat within 20 m of shore on the right bank, between the powerhouse and the lower rapid (Figure 9). Cambria Gordon Ltd. and Metlakatla Fisheries 12

19 Figure 7: Low outflow conditions during steelhead survey #1, April 4, 2007 Figure 8: Low outflow conditions during steelhead survey #2, April 12, 2007 Cambria Gordon Ltd. and Metlakatla Fisheries 13

20 Figure 9: Angling during high outflow conditions, steelhead survey #3, May 7, Salmon Surveys Four salmon surveys were conducted in the months of July, August, September and October of Survey dates were selected according to tides, availability of personnel (Metlakatla/BC Hydro/CGL) site conditions (water levels, weather), local knowledge and spawning timing information gathered during the periodicity review. Survey effort focused on locating evidence of spawning activity (redds, washed gravels) and angling. No fish were observed during salmon surveys, although BC Hydro crews reported observing approximately 25 pink salmon in the tailpond in late August, 2007 and angling resulted in the capture of Dolly Varden char and cutthroat trout. A long time BC Hydro employee at the Falls River facility reported the historic presence of chinook in the tailpond and in the Falls River below the lower rapid (R. Bullock, pers. comm.). Results for individual salmon surveys are presented below; survey data are in the project database (Appendix II). Swim patterns for salmon snorkel surveys are shown in Appendix IV Salmon Survey #1 Crew members from CGL (1) and Metlakatla Fisheries (1) arrived on site at approximately 14:00 on July 31, Tide height (Prince Rupert) was approximately 5 m and rising, with the lower rapid slightly exposed on arrival. Total outflow into the tailpond was high at approximately m 3 /s; visibility (water clarity) and survey conditions were therefore poor overall (Table 1, Figure 10). Cambria Gordon Ltd. and Metlakatla Fisheries 14

21 A pre-swim tailboard meeting was held to define no-swim zones and review general swim safety measures and exit strategies. At approximately 15:00 the tailpond was backwatered, such that the crew could swim through the tailpond to the dock below the lower rapid. Three snorkel passes were made by two crew members in parallel lanes, approximately 2-3 m apart, from the entry point, near the powerhouse, to the dock. Total survey effort (swim time) was approximately 80 minutes. Crews noted the presence of underwater cables and debris in the lower rapid as potential safety hazards, particularly at lower tide heights. One sculpin (Cottus sp.) was observed during the swim near the entry point; no angling was conducted Salmon Survey #2 Four crew members from CGL (2) and Metlakatla Fisheries (2) arrived on site at approximately 09:00 on August 30, 2007; tide height (Prince Rupert) was approximately 1.5 m and changing to flood, with the lower rapid exposed on arrival. Crews had associated WUP monitoring work to complete in the Falls Reservoir, and therefore scheduled the swim for approximately 15:00, when a 6.0 m tide would occur. Total outflow into the tailpond was high at approximately m 3 /s; visibility and survey conditions were therefore poor overall (Table 1, Figure 11). A pre-swim tailboard meeting was held to define no-swim zones and review general swim safety measures and exit strategies. Crews surveyed for approximately 45 minutes, and observed no fish. Three snorkel passes were made by two crew members in parallel lanes, approximately 2-3 m apart, from the entry point, near the powerhouse, to the dock. Angling for approximately 90 minutes from the right bank using roe resulted in the capture of 2 Dolly Varden char and 2 cutthroat trout. The on-site BC Hydro crew reported seeing approximately 25 pink salmon in the tailpond near the turbines the previous week (Bullock, R. pers. comm.) Salmon Survey #3 The September 21, 2007 snorkel survey was initiated at approximately 16:30 on September 21, Tide height was approximately 3.5 m and rising (Prince Rupert), which meant the lower rapid was exposed. Heavy rain had been falling for several days prior to the survey, and total outflow into the tailpond was high at m 3 /s (Table 1). The volume and velocity of flow in the tailpond was higher than during any previous survey in 2007 (Figure 4), and the exposed lower rapid represented a potential safety hazard to swimmers. A pre-swim tailboard meeting was held to define no-swim zones, general swim safety measures and exit strategies. Two crew members swam, while two others acted as safety watchers, one with a throw bag near the lower rapid, and another ready in a drysuit to provide swimmer support as necessary. A fifth crew member angled both before and during the swim. The crew of two started the swim with the intention of crossing to the south shore to survey near-shore areas of low flow/current, then crossing back to survey the near-shore areas on the north bank. Crews intended to avoid the faster water in the central part of the tailpond. Once swimming, the crew found that the current throughout the tailpond was too strong to safely complete a snorkel survey. Angling effort included approximately 30 minutes of casting a spinning lure within 20 m of shore on the right bank, between the powerhouse and the lower Cambria Gordon Ltd. and Metlakatla Fisheries 15

22 rapid. A second angling effort of approximately 30 minutes was conducted on September 23 from the dock below the tailpond. No fish were captured or observed during snorkeling or angling efforts Salmon Survey #4 Crew members from CGL (2) and Metlakatla Fisheries (2) arrived on site at approximately 12:00 on October 26, Tide height (Prince Rupert) was approximately 5 m and rising, nearing the ideal conditions for the snorkel survey. Total outflow into the tailpond was low at approximately m 3 /s; visibility and overall survey conditions were therefore good (Table 1, Figure 12). A pre-swim tailboard meeting was held to define no-swim zones and review general swim safety measures and exit strategies. Two crew members swam, one crew member acted as safety watcher, while the fourth angled. Crews surveyed near shore areas on both sides of the tailpond and then completed two passes in parallel lanes from the entry point, near the powerhouse, to the dock, when the lower rapid became backwatered. Total survey effort included 35 minutes of snorkeling and 60 minutes of angling. Angling involved casting spinners and all habitat within 20 m of shore on the right bank, between the powerhouse and the lower rapid was fished. No fish were observed or captured. A seal moved into the tailpond as the site became backwatered. Figure 10: High outflow conditions during salmon survey #1, July, Cambria Gordon Ltd. and Metlakatla Fisheries 16

23 Figure 11: High outflow conditions during salmon survey #2, August 30, Figure 12: Low outflow conditions during salmon survey #4, October 26, Cambria Gordon Ltd. and Metlakatla Fisheries 17

24 3.5 Summary of Key Results The following points summarize key information collected during 2007: Historic records and observations of chinook in the Falls River indicate that migration and spawning occurs in August and September. No evidence of an early (June/July) chinook run was located; however previous assessment effort in June/July is limited. No snorkel surveys were conducted in June, During a chinook incubation study conducted in the Falls River tailpond in 2003, redds observed one day were flattened by high outflow and were no longer visible the next day (L. Miller, pers. comm.). It is possible that this circumstance may occur again, and could potentially confound survey results (i.e.: redds may be present, but not detectable during surveys) 5. Pink salmon were reported in the Falls River tailpond by BC Hydro crews in late August, 2007 (R. Bullock, pers. comm.); however no evidence of spawning, observations of fish or carcasses was noted during the August 30 th assessment. This indicates that the fish may have entered and exited the tailpond without spawning. Crew safety, site coverage and overall effectiveness of snorkel surveys in the Falls River tailpond depend on site conditions (total outflows 6, tide height). A 6.0 m flood tide in Prince Rupert provides the best swim conditions in terms of safety and site coverage. Total outflows greater than 40 m 3 /s appear to compromise survey effectiveness, due to reduced visibility; total outflows of greater than 70 m 3 /s may be unsafe for swimming, depending on tide height. Angling appears to be the most effective survey method to detect fish presence in the Falls River tailpond. Angling resulted in the capture of 2 cutthroat trout and 2 Dolly Varden in the Falls River tailpond in 2007, while snorkeling failed to detect the presence of salmonids. 4 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS No steelhead or pacific salmon were observed during 7 snorkel surveys conducted by CGL and Metlakatla Fisheries between April and October 2007 in the Falls River tailpond; however pink salmon were reported in the tailpond in late August, by BC Hydro crews (R. Bullock, pers. comm.). Although surveys results were negative, it is not possible at this time to reject the null hypotheses that salmon are not present and do not spawn in the tailpond from August 1 to October 15, or that steelhead are not present and do not spawn in the tailpond. It is possible that fish and/or redds were present but not detected in 2007, and/or that survey timing did not coincide with fish use of this habitat. 5 To reduce uncertainty associated with this issue, crews may attempt to construct simulated redds (gravel mounds) during low water in the spring of 2008, in an attempt to observe and understand changes in substrate following high outflow events, as recommended by BC Hydro Natural Resource Specialist, Eva Wichmann. 6 Combined turbine and spillway flows. Cambria Gordon Ltd. and Metlakatla Fisheries 18

25 Historic records and observations noted during the periodicity review for the project indicate that chinook salmon are most likely to be present and/or spawning in the Falls River in August and September; no evidence of an early (June/July) chinook run was located. Future surveys should consider including a June assessment, to further reduce uncertainty with respect to chinook runtiming. No historic records or observations of steelhead in the Falls River were located; based on local knowledge, steelhead migration and spawning in the Ecstall River occurs in April and May (F. Seiler, pers. comm.). Based on results from the 2007 study, angling is an effective assessment tool to detect fish presence in the Falls River, and should be conducted as a standard survey method in conjunction with future snorkel surveys. Swim safety and survey effectiveness are directly linked to total outflows into the tailpond and tide levels; crews should assess tide and flow conditions in the tailpond before each swim and delay or cancel the swim if conditions appear unsafe. As much as possible, future snorkel surveys should be scheduled to coincide with low (less than 40 m 3 /s) total outflows and a flooding tide approaching 6.0 m in Prince Rupert to optimize swimmer safety and site coverage. When high outflows are anticipated based on known reservoir elevations and weather forecasts, crews should liaise with BC Hydro to coordinate a pre-spill in advance of the scheduled swim, to improve site conditions for assessments, or reschedule the assessment. Cambria Gordon Ltd. and Metlakatla Fisheries 19

26 5 REFERENCES BC Hydro (2006). Falls River Project Water Use Plan, Revised for Acceptance by the Comptroller of Water Rights. BC Hydro (2006a). Water Use Plan Monitoring Terms of Reference. BC Hydro. (2003). Consultative Committee Report: Falls River Water Use Plan. Prepared by the Falls River Water Use Plan Consultative Committee. BC Ministry of Environment, Water Stewardship Division (2006) Order of the Comptroller of Water Rights, File No , dated 4 April Hunter, D. (2003). Falls River Chinook Spawner Surveys June Prepared for BC Hydro Coastal Generation, Falls River Water Use Plan Consultative Committee. Fisheries and Oceans Canada (1992). Fish Habitat Inventory & Information Program: Stream Summary Catalogue 4A and 4B. Fisheries and Oceans Canada. Area 4 pink escapement data sheets and BC 16 s summary data Freshwater Fisheries Society of BC. (2005). Retrieved from: Ministry of Environment. Fisheries Inventory Data Queries. (2007). retrieved from: and/or Redenbach A. E. (1981) Falls River Rehabilitation / Redevelopment Study - Fisheries Assessment (1980) BC Hydro Report No. Ess-19. Alan E. Redenbach, Engineering Services Division. SKR Consultants Ltd Reconnaissance (1:20,000) Fish and Fish Habitat Inventory for selected tributaries to the lower Ecstall River. 6 PERSONAL COMMUNICATIONS Bullock, R. BC Hydro, Northwest Operations. Personal Communication, September 22, Beynon, W. Metlakatla Fisheries, Personal Communication, April, Mossop, B. Natural Resource Specialist, BC Hydro, Vancouver Island Generation, Personal Communication, December, Miller, L. Resource Restoration Biologist, Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Smithers, BC. Personal Communication, March, Cambria Gordon Ltd. and Metlakatla Fisheries 20

27 Seiler, F. Owner/Operator, Silvertip Ecotours, Terrace, BC. Personal Communication, April, Whelpley, M. Terrace BC. Personal Communication, June, Wichmann, E. B.Sc., R.P.Bio., Natural Resource Specialist. BC Hydro, Vancouver Island Generation. Personal Communication, April December, Cambria Gordon Ltd. and Metlakatla Fisheries 21

28 7 APPENDICES Cambria Gordon Ltd. and Metlakatla Fisheries 22

29 Appendix I: Falls River Snorkel Survey Field Data Sheet Cambria Gordon Ltd. and Metlakatla Fisheries Appendices

30 Date: Falls River Snorkel Survey Field Data Sheet Crew: Time In: Tide (PR): ft/m Wx: Time Out: Tide (PR): ft/m Transport: Air / CGL Boat / Charter Flow Level (BCH): Air Temp: Water Temp: Secchi Depth: Tailboard Conducted by: Tailboard Confirmation (crew initials): Time: Snorkel Time In: S. Time Out: Total Snorkel Effort: Observations and Comments: Angling Effort: Additional notes? Y / N (attach) Fish Observed? Y / N Species: Number: Location (note and sketch below): Redds Observed? Y / N Location (note and sketch below): Site Sketch Showing Snorkel Transects and Features: BCH-NC Call In Time: BCH- NC Call Out Time: DID YOU CALL OUT AND LOCK THE GATE?

31 Appendix II: Falls River Presence and Timing of Salmon and Steelhead Database (Included separately as a digital MS Access file) Cambria Gordon Ltd. and Metlakatla Fisheries Appendices

32 Appendix III: Periodicity Review, Contacts and Detailed Information Contacts: William Beynon, Metlakatla Fisheries, Prince Rupert. Mike Whelpley, local sport fisher/guide/bch Contractor, Terrace. Mitch Drewes, DFO, Terrace. Rob Dams, DFO, Terrace. Lana Miller, DFO, Smithers Fred Seiler, local sport fisher/guide/bch Contractor. Ron Bullock, BC Hydro, Prince Rupert/Terrace. Cambria Gordon Ltd. and Metlakatla Fisheries Appendices

33 DFO BC 16's Summary Big Falls Creek BC 16's Summary Abbreviations STREAM ID Watershed Code ( up to 1991) Area 4 Reliability = low high Gazetted name Big Falls Creek Subdistrict - Lower Skeena N.O. = none observed First local name Falls River N.R. = none recorded YEAR Dates inspected Method Reliability Pink Chum Chinook Predation Observer/recorder Comments OPTIMUM ESCAPEMENT PER SPECIES No inspections , 25 Sep heli Dave Einarson Aug, 5, 24 Sep heli Dave Einarson Sep heli 2 0 seals Dave Einarson Sep walk Barry Rosenberger (BR) Spawning in tail end of pool; area inspected thru-out season by locals 1986 Not inspected by DFO Barry Rosenberger (BR) Escapement info is gathered from BC Hydro staff living on site 1985 Not inspected by DFO local residents (BR) CN holding below dam to tidal falls before moving up Ecstall No active spawning observed 1984 Not inspected by DFO seals BC Hydro caretaker No signs/indications of spawning salmon by mid-sep. (R. Sjolund) Low water and freezing Nov/Dec 1983 Not inspected by DFO 50 0 BC Hydro staff (BR) CN obsv'd holding on gravel near entrance in Aug - no spwng obsv'd 1982 Aug 12-14, 24, 25, Sept 8 21 seals Fisheries staff under study Historically good PK producer, v. little change in CN escapements by BC Hydro staff on site and over the yrs; spawning habitat - erosion effected by opening of biologist (BR) power dam gates 1981 Periodically all season 27 BC Hydro consultant on site Spawning at tailrace, base of falls & gravel bar immed d/s of falls. Comprehensive study & spawning observations were conducted by biological consultants (D.B. Lister and Associates) 1980 Water levels vary from very high to very low (BC Hydro) Sep heli 25 P.C. Harvey Limited spawning below dam at base of falls and gravel bar immed d/s falls 13-Sep river boat (illegible) 1978 N.O. N.O. P.C. Harvey Spawn location same as above 1977 N.O. N.O. light predn T.B. Panko Spawn location same as above 1976 No date given Once by heli N.O. N.O. light predn DR Ross Spawn location same as above. Extremely limited spawning are below dam; possibility for enhancement is almost nil 1975 No date given Twice by air N.O. N.O. light predn P.C. Harvey Spawn location same as above. May be possible site for installation of incubation boxes because of hydro facilities 1974 No date given Twice by air N.O. N.O. minor prednp.c. Harvey Spawn location same as above. Extremely limited spawning area below dam Recommend including escapement figures in rpt for Ecstall River in future YEAR Dates inspected Method Reliability Pink Chum Chinook Predation Observer/Recorder Comments 1973 Twice by aircraft, once by river boat N.O. L.S. Freeman Spawn location same as above. Due to limitiation of this stream and available spawning are d/s of falls and dam, potential for improved escapements or enhancement activities are almost nil Aug N.O. 50 N.O. L.S. Freeman CN observed immed. below dam/ v. limited spawning area on this stream 1971 Twice by aircraft, once by river boat N.O. N.O. N.O. L.S. Freeman Extremely limited spawning area immed below falls Sep N.O. N.O. N.O. Nil P.C. Harvey Extremely limited spawning area immed below falls 1969 Aug 23, Sep 12,17,23 N.O to 50 Nil G.W. Lowdon Limited spawning area below dam, distribution of spawning salmon is sparse flows normal, high during heavy Aug rains 1968 Aug 24, Sept 8, Nil G.W. Lowdon Limited spawning area below dam, distribution of spawning salmon is sparse 1967 Aug 23, 30, Sep to 50 N.O. Nil Not recorded Only one are of spawning gravel below dam, approx sq. yds; distribution of spawning salmon is sparse, flows high 1966 Aug 29, Sept 11 1 to 50 N.O. 1 to 50 Nil E.T. Kasmer (EK) Only one area of spawning gravel below dam, remainder of stream too silty 1965 Not inspected by DFO to 50 N.R. Rpt by powerhse staff (EK) and tidally affected. Very few fish reported from year to year Sep 1 to 50 1 to 50 N.O. V.H.B. Giraud (VG) Spawning in big pool below falls, flows high after mid-sept

34 DFO BC 16's Summary Big Falls Creek YEAR Dates inspected Method Reliability Pink Chum Chinook Predation Observer/recorder Comments Sep V.H.B. Giraud Spawning below falls, flows normal to high Sep 1 to 50 1 to 50 N.O. V.H.B. Giraud Spawning in pool below falls, flows normal 1961 Periodically by patrolman T. Hnilica to 50 N.O. T. Hnilica (VG) Spawning on bars below falls, flows normal 1960 Periodically by patrolman T. Hnilica 1 to N.O. T. Hnilica (VG) Spawning on bars below falls, flows above normal 1959 Periodically by patrolman T. Hnilica to 50 N.O. T. Hnilica (VG) Spawning on gravel bars below falls, flows above normal Sep seals W. Strachan Small spawning area on gravel bar below falls at powerhse, flows high, 1957 Aug, Sep, Oct Nil D.E. MacIntyre Approx. 300 yds of avail. spawning gravel in this stream, only minor spawning takes place yearly, 300 yds from mouth of stream to dam, flows normal 1956 Aug 31, Sep seals W. Strachan Spawning on gravel bar below falls at powerhse, flows normal Sep 1000 to seals W. Strachan Spawning on gravel bar below falls at powerhse, flows high 1954 Aug 27, Sept 7, seals W. Strachan Spawning on gravel bar below falls at foot of powerhse, flows high 1953 Aug 12, Sep 12, Oct seals P.J. Sims Possible some loss of spawning beds when power dam sluice gates opened, due to turbulence; flows normal - controlled by dam; spawning evenly on avail gravel - approx 300 yds at base of falls, spawning beds close to power plant, some fish damaged by seals. No serious ice condition as tide water and power plant overflow covers gravel. Good deep deposit gravel. Water not polluted. Parts of gravel bed show dry 2-3 ft during periods of low tides and dry weather when gates closed at the dam Sep seals W. Strachan Flows normal, additional note in pencil to check pink estimate of Oct 300 seals, trout W. Strachan Flows normal Sep 200 trout W. Strachan Just below falls on gravel bar, flows normal Sep seals, trout W. Strachan Pink spawn on gravel bar below the falls, flows normal YEAR Dates inspected Method Reliability Pink Chum Chinook Predation Observer/recorder Comments Sep trout W. Strachan Even distribution of spawners, flows low 1947 Not recorded W. Strachan Spawning about the same as in cycle year 1945

35 Summary of Migration and Spawning Timing SPECIES: CH CO CM PK SK Migration Spawning Migration Spawning Migration Spawning Migration Spawning Migration Spawning Ecstall River Late July - August September Late October November/ December late august, peak early Sept., Big Falls observed holding in end late Sept. sometimes into Creek August October Late July, early Aug. Late Aug. - Sept.- Oct. Late July - early Aug Aug. / Sept./ Oct. June, July, Aug. Sept.- Oct sighted in mid september Early Aug Peak at end of Aug. August - Mid August August - October N/A N/A Johnston Ck (upper trib to Ecstall) Early August Late Aug, Sept, early Oct. August Sept, Oct, Nov. Early August Aug.- Sept.- Oct. August Late Aug., Sept., October. June, July, early Aug. Late Aug. -Sept. Kasiks Early Aug. Late Aug and Sept. Sept to early Oct. Late Oct. and Nov. Early Aug. Late Aug. and Sept. Early Aug. Late Aug. to early Sept. Exchamsiks Early Aug. August and Sept. September Early Oct. Nov. and Early Aug. August and Sept. Early Aug. August and Sept. Extew Early Aug. August/ Sept. October November/ December Early Aug. August Early Aug. August and Sept Early Oct. October Scotia Creek October Late Oct., Nov. and August August/ Sept. Gitnadoix River July Aug. and Sept. Early October Late Oct., Nov and Dec. July Aug. and Sept. Early Aug. Late Aug. and Sept. Aug- early Sept. Sept and Oct.

36 Periodicity Review Information for Ecstall River and Big Falls Creek. Timing Location Species Max Mean Migration Spawning Additional information Information Sources 2 observed by Earliest ST observed in Ecstall is April 6 (F. Seiler). Ecstall River ST SKR. SKR report Strongest population is CH. Whelpley has never been in the CH 3,800 2,005 Late July August Early September area looking for steelhead. Best place to compare the Chinook CO 10,500 10,000 late Sept.- early Oct. Late October populations to is Johnson Creek. Fish Wizard confirms Mike Whelpley - timing info for CH/ CO. Whelpley's timing Estimation: Late October November- December presence of ST in the Ecstall River. 4A FISS catalogue SK June, July, Aug. Sept.- Oct Area 4 Pink excapement data sheets. CM 75,000 14,900 Late July, early Aug. Late Aug. - Sept.- Oct. PK 50, : , 7500: Late July - early Aug Aug. / Sept./ Oct. Big Falls (Falls River) CH 27 8 Late Aug. Late Aug.- Sept.- Oct. DFO info sheets from share drive late august, peak early Sept., end Whelpley's timing estimation: Early August late Sept. sometimes into October 4A FISS catalogue PK August - Mid August August - October Fish wizzard info on species present CO No data in FISS observed Species present: CH,CM,CO,PK and cutthroat CM no data in FISS Early August Peak at end of Aug. Johnston Ck. CM Early August Aug.- Sept.- Oct. Whelpley: This is probably the best creek to compare to Big Falls. 4A FISS catalogue ST observed Species present: All salmon and Steelhead Fish Wizard info on species present SK June, July, early Aug. Late Aug. -Sept. CO August Sept, Oct, Nov. PK August Late Aug., Sept., October. CH Early August Late Aug, Sept, early Oct. Kasiks CH : Early Aug. Late Aug and Sept. Obstruction to migration at 20.0km 4B FISS catalogue CO : Sept to early Oct. Late Oct. and Nov. CM : Early Aug. Late Aug. and Sept. PK : Early Aug. Late Aug. to early Sept. ST observed Exchamsiks CO 3000: : September Early Oct. Nov. and Dec. 4B FISS catalogue PK 5000: , 1389: , 200: : Early Aug. August and Sept. Area 4 Pink excapement data CM 75 75: Early Aug. August and Sept. CH : Early Aug. August and Sept. Extew CO 3000: : Oct. November/ December 4B FISS catalogue PK 800: , 2000: : , 1065: Early Aug. August and September CM observed Early Aug. August CH 75 21: Early Aug. August/ Sept. SK observed Early Oct. October Scotia Creek CO /86 only Oct. Late Oct., Nov. and Dec. Obstruction to migration (falls) at 17.0km 4B FISS catalogue PK 20,000 17,000: : August August/ Sept. ST observed Gitnadoix River SK : Aug- early Sept. Sept and Oct. 4B FISS catalogue CO : Early Oct. Late Oct., Nov and Dec. PK : , 5100: Early Aug. Late Aug. and Sept. CM : July Aug. and Sept. CH : July Aug. and Sept. Alder Creek CO observed Barrier at 2.5km. For CO and PK 4B FISS catalogue PK observed Khtada Impassible to migration due to series of cascades 4B FISS catalogue Khyex PK 82,000 Area 4 Pink excapement data sheets.

37 Appendix IV: Photomosaic of Falls River tailpond showing approximate location of snorkel survey transects for Cambria Gordon Ltd. and Metlakatla Fisheries Appendices

38 START NO SWIM ZONE N Legend: Scale (m) CAMBRIA GORDON LTD. April 4, 2007 April 12, 2007 May 7, 2007 Snorkel Transects: Falls River Tailpond July 31, 2007 Aug 30, 2007 Sept 21, 2007 Oct 26, 2007 APPENDIX IV 2007 FALLS RIVER SNORKEL SURVEYS BC HYDRO