Legal Framework. Endangered Species Act (1973) Identify species at risk Endangered Threatened Candidate species
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1 Conservation Moral vs. legal issues What is the goal of conservation? At what level do you try and conserve? Legal framework, national vs. international issues Economics vs. ethics Legal Framework Endangered Species Act (1973) Identify species at risk Endangered Threatened Candidate species Species petitioned for listing (candidate) Study and assessment Recommendation from USFWS Period of public comment Recovery plan, definition of vital habitat Periodic review 1
2 Conservation Status of Fishes Pressures on fishes Habitat loss Fisheries Impoundments Introduced species Order Data Deficient Near Threatened Vulnerable Critically Endangered Endangered Extinct in Wild Extinct Grand Total ACIPENSERIFORMES ALBULIFORMES ANGUILLIFORMES ATHERINIFORMES AULOPIFORMES 5 5 BATRACHOIDIFORMES BELONIFORMES BERYCIFORMES CHARACIFORMES CLUPEIFORMES CYPRINIFORMES CYPRINODONTIFORMES ELOPIFORMES ESOCIFORMES 1 1 GADIFORMES GASTEROSTEIFORMES GOBIESOCIFORMES GONORYNCHIFORMES GYMNOTIFORMES 2 2 LOPHIIFORMES MUGILIFORMES OPHIDIIFORMES OSMERIFORMES OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES PERCIFORMES PERCOPSIFORMES PLEURONECTIFORMES POLYPTERIFORMES SALMONIFORMES SCORPAENIFORMES SILURIFORMES STOMIIFORMES 2 2 SYNBRANCHIFORMES SYNGNATHIFORMES TETRAODONTIFORMES ZEIFORMES 1 1 Grand Total
3 3
4 North American Fish Extinctions Chasmistes muriei (Snake River Sucker) Coregonus alpenae (Longjaw Cisco) Coregonus johannae (Deepwater Cisco) Coregonus nigripinnis (Blackfin Cisco) Cottus echinatus (Utah Lake Sculpin) Empetrichthys merriami (Ash Meadows Poolfish) Etheostoma sellare (Maryland Darter) Fundulus albolineatus (Whiteline Topminnow) Gambusia amistadensis (Amistad Gambusia) Gambusia georgei (San Marcos Gambusia) Gila crassicauda (Thicktail Chub) Lepidomeda altivelis (Pahranagat Spinedace) Moxostoma lacerum (Harelip Sucker) Notropis orca (Phantom Shiner) Pogonichthys ciscoides (Clear Lake Splittail) Rhinichthys deaconi (Las Vegas Dace) Salvelinus agassizii (Silver Trout) Pressures on Fishes 4
5 Pressures on Fishes Pressures on Fishes 5
6 Pressures on Fishes Pressures on Fishes Clear cutting impacts Increased sediment input, bank erosion Increased solar input, temperature Increase variability in hydrograph (faster, higher floods and more frequent droughts) 6
7 Clear Cutting and Water Quality Clear Cutting and Water Quality 7
8 Pressures on Fishes Pressures on Fishes - Fishing Select fisheries have already collapsed Predictions are that all will collapse within 50 years Why? 8
9 Pressures on Fishes - Fishing Fishing Down Marine Food Webs Daniel Pauly; Villy Christensen; Johanne Dalsgaard; Rainer Froese; Francisco Torres Jr. Science, Vol. 279, No , Endangered Megafauna 9
10 Of the worlds 20 largest freshwater fishes, 17 (18) are endangered due in part to overharvest. Fishery Pressure Black Sea Example 10
11 Fishery Reserves 11
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Conservation Moral vs. legal issues What is the goal of conservation? At what level do you try and conserve? Legal framework, national vs. international issues Economics vs. ethics Legal Framework Endangered
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