FAMILY Clupeidae Cuvier, herrings, shads, sardines and allies SUBFAMILY Clupeinae Cuvier, herrings, shads, sardines and allies

Transcription

1 FAMILY Clupeidae Cuvier, herrings, shads, sardines and allies SUBFAMILY Clupeinae Cuvier, herrings, shads, sardines and allies [=Clupidi, Clupes, Leptocephala, Thryssae, Chatoessi, Chatoessiformes, Dorosomatinae, Hyperlophinae, Spratelloidinae, Ehiravidae, Anadontostomidae, Clupanodontidae, Brevoortiinae, Nematolosidae, Pellonulinae, Alosinae, Opisthoneminae, Gudusiinae, Congothrissidae] Notes: Clupidi Rafinesque, 1810b:32 [ref. 3595] (ordine) Clupea [published not in latinized form before 1900; not available, Article ] Clupes Cuvier, 1816:171 [ref. 993] (family) Clupea [latinized to Clupeae by Jarocki 1822:27, 47 [ref. 4984]; latinized to Clupeoides by Schinz 1822:292 [ref. 3926]; latinized to Clupeidae by Bonaparte 1831:161, 182 [ref. 4978]; latinized to Clupeoides by Minding 1832:VI, 78 [ref. 3022]; considered valid with this authorship by Guichenot 1839:1 [ref ], Müller 1845:131 [ref ], by Nolf 1985:46 [ref ], by Patterson 1993:628 [ref ], by Bogutskaya & Naseka 2004:32 [ref ] and by Sheiko 2013:35 [ref ] Article ] Leptocephala Goldfuss, 1820:V, 12 [ref. 1829] (family)? Clupea [no stem of the type genus, not available, Article ] Thryssae Swainson, 1838:282 [ref. 4302] (no family-group name) Chatoessi Swainson, 1838:282 [ref. 4302] (no family-group name) Chatoessiformes Bleeker, 1859d:XXXI [ref. 371] (subfamily) Chatoessus [Günther 1868:406 [ref. 1990] used Chatoëssina based on Chatoëssus] Dorosomatinae Gill, 1861a:55 [ref. 1766] (subfamily) Dorosoma [stem changed to Dorosom- by Gill 1873:789 [ref ]; original stem Dorosomat- confirmed by Meek 1904:92 [ref. 2958], by Weber & de Beaufort 1913:23 [ref ], by Nelson & Rothman 1973:138 [ref. 7578] and by Nelson 1976:76 [ref ]; family name sometimes seen as Dorysomatidae] Hyperlophinae Ogilby, 1897:69 [ref. 3272] (subfamily) Hyperlophus Spratelloidinae Jordan, 1925:41 [ref. 2428] (subfamily) Spratelloides Ehiravidae Deraniyagala, 1929:31 [ref. 1115] (family) Ehirava Anadontostomidae [Anodontostomidae] Herre, 1933:6 [ref ] (family) Anodontostoma [name only, but used as valid and the stem corrected to Anodontostom- by Fowler 1958b:6 [ref. 1470] Article ; preoccupied by Anodontostomini Bleeker, 1859 based on Anodus in fishes, invalid, Article 55.3; stem emended to Anodontostomat-by Nelson & Rothman 1973:138 [ref. 7578]; not preoccupied by Anodontostominae Verhoeff, 1907 in Myriopoda, that name being based on the invalid genus Anodontostoma Tömäsvary, 1883] Clupanodontidae Whitley, 1943a:170 [ref. 4703] (family) Clupanodon [genus inferred from the stem, Article ; name only, but used as valid by Whitley 1943b:130 [ref. 4702] and by Fowler 1958b:6 [ref. 1470] Article ; stem sometimes seen as Clupanodon-] Brevoortiinae Fowler, 1948:14 [ref. 5600] (subfamily) Brevoortia

2 Nematalosidae Deraniyagala, 1952:2, 8, 21 [ref ] (family) Nematalosa Pellonulinae Svetovidov, 1952:93 [ref ] (subfamily) Pellonula Alosinae Svetovidov, 1952:93 [ref ] (subfamily) Alosa Opisthoneminae Fowler, 1958b:6 [ref. 1470] (subfamily) Opisthonema Gudusiinae Fowler, 1958b:6 [ref. 1470] (subfamily) Gudusia Congothrissidae Poll, 1964:6 [ref. 3523] (family) Congothrissa GENUS Alosa Linck, herrings, shads etc. [=Alosa Linck [H. F.], 1790:35, Alausa Valenciennes [A.], in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1847:389, Alausella Gill [T. N.], 1861:36, Caspialosa Berg [L. S.], 1915:4, Paralosa (subgenus of Alosa) Roule [L.], 1925:73, Pomolobus Rafinesque [C. S.], 1820:170, Trichis Plumier [C.], in Lacepède, 1803:448] Notes: [ref. 4985]. Fem. Clupea alosa Linnaeus, Type apparently by subsequent absolute tautonymy; no species initially mentioned, species added by Cuvier 1829:319 (see Whitehead 1967:77 [ref. 6464]). Valid as Alosa Linck, (Svetovidov 1973:105 [ref. 7169], Whitehead in Whitehead et al. 1984:269 [ref ], Poll et al. 1984:41 [ref. 6172], Grande 1985:249 [ref. 6466], Hoestlandt 1991:86 [ref ], Jenkins & Burkhead 1994:217 [ref ], Dorofeeva 1998:24 [ref ], Mecklenburg et al. 2002:133 [ref ], Munroe & Nizinski 2003:806 [ref ], Bogutskaya & Naseka 2004:32 [ref ], Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:63 [ref ], Minckley & Marsh 2009:77 [ref ], Mecklenburg et al. 2011:117 [ref ], Schmidt & Morse 2011:229 [ref ]). Current status: Valid as Alosa Linck, Clupeidae: Clupeinae (Alausa) [ref. 1012]. Fem. Alausa vulgaris Valenciennes, 1847 (= Clupea alosa Linnaeus, 1758). Apparently a misspelling of, or unjustified emendation of Alosa Linck, 1790 (see Whitehead 1967:77 [ref. 6464]). Synonym of Alosa Linck, (Svetovidov 1973:105 [ref. 7169], Whitehead 1985:191 [ref. 5141], Hoestlandt 1991:86 [ref ]). Current status: Synonym of Alosa Linck, Clupeidae: Clupeinae (Alausella) [ref. 1767]. Fem. Clupea parvula Mitchill, Type by original designation (also monotypic). Synonym of Alosa Linck, (Whitehead 1985:191 [ref. 5141], Hoestlandt 1991:86 [ref ]). Current status: Synonym of Alosa Linck, Clupeidae: Clupeinae (Caspialosa) [ref. 276]. Fem. Clupea caspia Eichwald, Type by monotypy. Based on Clupeonella as treated by Berg 1913 [ref. 273], not of Kessler. Original not examined. Valid as Caspialosa Berg, (Grande 1985:249 [ref. 6466]). Synonym of Alosa Linck, (Svetovidov 1973:105

3 [ref. 7169], Whitehead 1985:191 [ref. 5141], Hoestlandt 1991:86 [ref ], Bogutskaya & Naseka 2004:32 [ref ]). Current status: Synonym of Alosa Linck, Clupeidae: Clupeinae (Paralosa) [ref. 5090]. Fem. Clupea fallax Lacepède, Type by subsequent designation. Objectively invalid; preoccupied by Paralosa Bleeker, 1868 and Paralosa Regan, 1916 in fishes, apparently not replaced. Earliest subsequent designation of type not researched. In the synonymy of Alosa Linck, (Svetovidov 1973:105 [ref. 7169], Whitehead 1985:191 [ref. 5141], Hoestlandt 1991:86 [ref ]). Current status: Synonym of Alosa Linck, Clupeidae: Clupeinae (Pomolobus) [ref. 7309]. Masc. Pomolobus chrysochloris Rafinesque, Type by monotypy. Also appeared in Rafinesque 1820:38 (Dec.) [ref. 3592]. Valid as Pomolobus Rafinesque, (Grande 1985:249 [ref. 6466]). Synonym of Alosa Linck, 1790 (Whitehead 1985:191 [ref. 5141], Hoestlandt 1991:86 [ref ]). Current status: Synonym of Alosa Linck, Clupeidae. (Trichis) [ref. 4930]. Fem. Trichis bellonii Plumier, Not available, name without description published under Clupea alosa. See remarks under Opinion 89 in Appendix B in Eschmeyer et al [ref ]. In the synonymy of Alosa Linck, Current status: Synonym of Alosa Linck, Clupeidae: Clupeinae Species Alosa aestivalis (Mitchill, 1814) - blueback herring [=Clupea aestivalis Mitchill [S. L.], 1814:21, Alosa cyanonoton Storer [D. H.], 1848:242, Clupea fasciata Lesueur [C. A.], 1818:233] Notes: [Report, in part, of Samuel L. Mitchill; ref. 3030] New York, U.S.A. Current status: Valid as Alosa aestivalis (Mitchill, 1814). Clupeidae: Clupeinae Distribution: Western North Atlantic: Atlantic coast from Canada to northern Florida. (cyanonoton) [Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History v. 2 ( ); ref ] Provincetown, Massachusetts, U.S.A. Current status: Synonym of Alosa aestivalis (Mitchill, 1814). Clupeidae: Clupeinae. (fasciata) [Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia v. 1 (pt 2); ref. 2735] Massachusetts, U.S.A. Current status: Synonym of Alosa aestivalis (Mitchill, 1814). Clupeidae: Clupeinae. Species Alosa agone (Scopoli, 1786) - agone, twait shad [=Cyprinus agone Scopoli [J. A.], 1786:71, Alosa africana Regan [C. T.], 1916:8,

4 Alosa lacustris forma benacensis Barbieri [C.], 1907:140, Pl. 1 (fig. 3), Alosa lacustris forma ceresioverbana Barbieri [C.], 1907:140, Pl. 1 (fig. 3), Alosa finta gracilis Regan [C. T.], 1916:10, Alosa finta var. lacustris Fatio [V.], 1890:51, Alosa lacustrus forma lariana Barbieri [C.], 1907:140, Pl. 1 (fig. 3), Clupea alosa major Pollini [C.], 1816:21, Clupea Alosa minor Pollini [C.], 1816:21, Clupea nilotica Geoffroy St. Hilaire [E.], 1809:[289], Pl. 10 (fig. 1), Clupea Alosa parvula Pollini [C.], 1816:21, Alosa finta rhodanensis Roule [L.], 1924:263, Clupea rufa Lacepède [B. G. E.], 1803:424, 452, Clupea sardinella Vallot [J.-N.], 1837:277] Notes: [Deliciae florae et faunae Insubricae; ref ] Lake Lugano, Switzerland. Current status: Valid as Alosa agone (Scopoli, 1786). Clupeidae: Clupeinae. Distribution: Lakes of Switzerland and northern Italy, introduced in central Italy. Habitat: freshwater. (africana) [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 8) v. 18 (no. 103); ref ] Algeria. Current status: Synonym of Alosa agone (Scopoli, 1786). Clupeidae: Clupeinae. (benacensis) [Rivista mensile di Pesca (lacustre, fluviale, marina) (Pavia) Anno 9 (no. 4-5, 6); ref ] Lake Garda, Italy. Current status: Synonym of Alosa agone (Scopoli, 1786). Clupeidae: Clupeinae. Habitat: freshwater. (ceresioverbana) [Rivista mensile di Pesca (lacustre, fluviale, marina) (Pavia) Anno 9 (no. 4-5, 6); ref ] Lake Maggiore, Italy; Lake Laguno, Switzerland. Current status: Synonym of Alosa agone (Scopoli, 1786). Clupeidae: Clupeinae. Habitat: freshwater. (gracilis) [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 8) v. 18 (no. 103); ref ] Lake Garda, Italy. Current status: Synonym of Alosa agone (Scopoli, 1786). Clupeidae: Clupeinae. Habitat: freshwater. (lacustris) [Faune des Vertébrés de la Suisse. Vol. V; ref ] Lake Lugano, Switzerland. Current status: Synonym of Alosa agone (Scopoli, 1786). Clupeidae: Clupeinae. Habitat: freshwater. (lariana) [Rivista mensile di Pesca (lacustre, fluviale, marina) (Pavia) Anno 9 (no. 4-5, 6); ref ] Lake Como, Italy. Current status: Synonym of Alosa agone (Scopoli, 1786). Clupeidae: Clupeinae. Habitat: freshwater. (major) [Viaggio al Lago di Garda e al Monte Baldo; ref ] Current status: Synonym of Alosa agone (Scopoli, 1786). Clupeidae: Clupeinae. (minor) [Viaggio al Lago di Garda e al Monte Baldo; ref ] Current status: Synonym of Alosa agone (Scopoli, 1786). Clupeidae: Clupeinae.

5 (nilotica) [Poissons du Nil v. 1 (part 1); ref. 4182] Nile River, Egypt. Current status: Synonym of Alosa agone (Scopoli, 1786). Clupeidae: Clupeinae. Habitat: freshwater. (parvula) [Viaggio al Lago di Garda e al Monte Baldo; ref ] Current status: Synonym of Alosa agone (Scopoli, 1786). Clupeidae: Clupeinae. (rhodanensis) [Bulletin de la Société Zoologique de France v. 49; ref ] Rhone River, France. Current status: Synonym of Alosa agone (Scopoli, 1786). Clupeidae: Clupeinae. Habitat: freshwater. (rufa) [Histoire naturelle des poissons (Lacepéde) v. 5; ref. 4930] Seine River, between Pointe du Hode to Aisiers, France. Current status: Synonym of Alosa agone (Scopoli, 1786). Clupeidae: Clupeinae. Habitat: freshwater. (sardinella) [Ichthyologie française, ou histoire naturelle des poissons d'eau douce de la France.; ref ] France and Italy. Current status: Synonym of Alosa agone (Scopoli, 1786). Clupeidae: Clupeinae. Habitat: freshwater. Species Alosa alabamae Jordan & Evermann, Alabama shad [=Alosa alabamae Jordan [D. S.] & Evermann [B. W.], in Evermann, 1896:203, Alosa ohiensis Evermann [B. W.], 1902:277, Figs. 1-2, Meletta suoerii Valenciennes [A.], in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1847:375] Notes: [United States Commission of Fish and Fisheries, Report of the Commissioner v. 21 (for 1894) (art. 4); ref ] Black Warrior River at Tuscaloosa, Tuscaloosa County, Alabama, U.S.A. Current status: Valid as Alosa alabamae Jordan & Evermann, Clupeidae: Clupeinae. Distribution: Scattered localities, eastern and Gulf Coast, U.S.A. (ohiensis) [United States Commission of Fish and Fisheries, Report of the Commissioner v. 27 (for 1901) Appendix 9; ref ] Falls of the Ohio River, U.S.A. Current status: Synonym of Alosa alabamae Jordan & Evermann, Clupeidae: Clupeinae. Distribution: Eastern U.S.A. (suoerii) [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 20; ref. 1012] Wabash River, U.S.A. Current status: Synonym of Alosa alabamae Jordan & Evermann, Clupeidae: Clupeinae. Species Alosa algeriensis Regan, North African shad

6 [=Alosa finta algeriensis Regan [C. T.], 1916:10, Alosa fallax bolivari Lozano Rey [L.], 1929:660, Pl. 30 (fig. 3)] Notes: [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 8) v. 18 (no. 103); ref ] Algeria. Current status: Valid as Alosa algeriensis Regan, Clupeidae: Clupeinae. Distribution: Mediterranean Sea and adjacent watersheds. (bolivari) [Memorias de la Real Sociedad Española de Historia Natural Madrid v. 15; ref ] Er Rif coasts, Melilla, Spanish Morocco, western Mediterranean Sea. Current status: Synonym of Alosa algeriensis Regan, Clupeidae: Clupeinae. Species Alosa alosa (Linnaeus, 1758) - Alice shad, Allis shad [=Clupea alosa Linnaeus [C.], 1758:318, Alosa communis Yarrell [W.], 1836:136, Fig., Alosa cuvierii Malm [A. W.], 1877:654, Alosa rusa Mauduyt [F.], 1849:49, Alosa vulgaris Valenciennes [A.], in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1847:391, Pl. 604] Notes: [Systema Naturae, Ed. X v. 1; ref. 2787] European Ocean. Current status: Valid as Alosa alosa (Linnaeus, 1758). Clupeidae: Clupeinae. Distribution: Europe, eastern Atlantic (including Baltic Sea, North Sea). (communis) [A history of British fishes; ref. 4812] Thames and Severn rivers, U.K. Current status: Synonym of Alosa alosa (Linnaeus, 1758). Clupeidae: Clupeinae. (cuvierii) [Göteborgs och Bohusläns fauna; ref. 2881] Current status: Synonym of Alosa alosa (Linnaeus, 1758). Clupeidae: Clupeinae. (rusa) [Bulletin Société Academique d'agriculture, Belles-Lettes, Sciences et Arts de Poitiers 1848, v. 3, fasc. 9-12; ref ] Vienne river at Châtellerault, France. Current status: Synonym of Alosa alosa (Linnaeus, 1758). Clupeidae: Clupeinae. (vulgaris) [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 20; ref. 1012] Paris market, presumeably Seine River, France. Current status: Synonym of Alosa alosa (Linnaeus, 1758). Clupeidae: Clupeinae. Species Alosa braschnikowi (Borodin, 1904) - Caspian marine shad

7 [=Clupea caspiopontica var. braschnikowi Borodin [N. A.], 1904:180 [13], Fig. 4, Caspialosa brashnikovi agrachanica Mikhailovsky [A. A.], 1941:563, Caspialosa brashnikovi autumnalis Berg [L. S.], 1915:6, Pl. 1 (figs. 2-3), Caspialosa brashnikovi derzhavini Tarasevich [V. M.], 1946:49, Clupea caspiopontica var. grimmi Borodin [N. A.], 1904:180, 184, Caspialosa brashnikovi kenderlensis Budamshin [B. I.], 1938:36, Caspialosa kisselevitschi Bulgakov [G. P.], 1926:37, Pl. 2, Clupeonella leucocephala Berg [L. S.], 1913:27, Pl. 14 (figs. 1, 1a, 2), Caspialosa caspia nigra Kisselevitz [K.], 1923:115, Pl. 4, Caspialosa nirchi Morozov [A. V.], 1928:72, Caspialosa brashnikovi orientalis Mikhailovsky [A. A.], 1941:560, Caspialosa brashnikovi sarensis Mikhailovsky [A. A.], 1941:564] Notes: [Vestnik Rybopromyshlennosti v. 19 (no. 3); ref ] Near Fort Aleksandrovsk, middle Caspian Sea, Kazakhstan. Current status: Valid as Alosa braschnikowi (Borodin, 1904). Clupeidae: Clupeinae. Distribution: Caspian Sea and its watersheds. (agrachanica) [Doklady Akademii nauk SSSR = Comptes rendus de l'académie des sciences de l'urss. v. 30 (no. 6); ref ] Region of islands Tyulenyi and Dargui, northern Caspian Sea. Current status: Synonym of Alosa braschnikowi (Borodin, 1904). Clupeidae: Clupeinae. Habitat: freshwater. (autumnalis) [Mater ialy k' poznan iju russkago rybolovstva, G.U.Z.iZ., Departament' Zemledel ija. v. 4 (no. 6); ref. 276] Southern Caspian Sea. Current status: Synonym of Alosa braschnikowi (Borodin, 1904). Clupeidae: Clupeinae. Habitat: freshwater. (derzhavini) [Izvestiya Akademii Nauk Azerbaidzhanskoi SSR, otel biologii i sel'skokhozyaistvennyhk nauk [Bull. Acad. Sci. Azerbaijan SSR] Issue 1, yr. 12 (no. 3); ref ] Near Apsheron Peninsula, Caspian Sea, Azerbaijan. Current status: Synonym of Alosa braschnikowi (Borodin, 1904). Clupeidae: Clupeinae. Habitat: freshwater. (grimmi) [Vestnik Rybopromyshlennosti v. 19 (no. 3); ref ] Ashur-ade, near Astrabad Bay, Caspian Sea, Iran. Current status: Synonym of Alosa braschnikowi (Borodin, 1904). Clupeidae: Clupeinae. Distribution: Caspian Sea. Habitat: freshwater. (kenderlensis) Kendyrli Bay, Caspian Sea. Current status: Synonym of Alosa braschnikowi (Borodin, 1904). Clupeidae: Clupeinae. Habitat: freshwater.

8 (kisselevitschi) [Bjulleten' Sredneaziatskogo Gosudarstvennogo Universiteta = Bulletin de l'université de l'asie Centraale = Ortaasija Davlat Darilfununinin axbari v. 13; ref ] Gassan-Kuli, southern Caspian Sea, Turkmenistan. Current status: Synonym of Alosa braschnikowi (Borodin, 1904). Clupeidae: Clupeinae. Habitat: freshwater. (leucocephala) [Maerialy k' Poznaniju russkago rybolovstva, g.u.z.iz., Department' Zemledelija v. 2 (no. 3); ref ] Sumgait and Gyurgenchai, Azerbaijan, Caspian Sea. Current status: Synonym of Alosa braschnikowi (Borodin, 1904). Clupeidae: Clupeinae. Habitat: freshwater. (nigra) [The clupeids of the Caspi-Volga district; ref ] Caspian Sea opposite Dzambai. Current status: Synonym of Alosa braschnikowi (Borodin, 1904). Clupeidae: Clupeinae. Habitat: freshwater. (nirchi) [Trudy Naucnogo Instituta Rybnogo Chozjajstva v. 2 (no. 4); ref ] Krasnovodsk Bay, Caspian Sea, Turkmenistan. Current status: Synonym of Alosa braschnikowi (Borodin, 1904). Clupeidae: Clupeinae. Habitat: freshwater. (orientalis) [Doklady Akademii nauk SSSR = Comptes rendus de l'académie des sciences de l'urss. v. 30 (no. 6); ref ] Near Karadashly, E. coast of southern Caspian Sea. Current status: Synonym of Alosa braschnikowi (Borodin, 1904). Clupeidae: Clupeinae. Habitat: freshwater (sarensis) [Doklady Akademii nauk SSSR = Comptes rendus de l'académie des sciences de l'urss. v. 30 (no. 6); ref ] Sara Island, Caspian Sea, Azerbaijan. Current status: Synonym of Alosa braschnikowi (Borodin, 1904). Clupeidae: Clupeinae. Habitat: freshwater. Species Alosa caspia (Eichwald, 1838) - Caspian shad [=Clupea caspia Eichwald [C. E. von], 1838:134, Caspialosa caspia aestuarina Berg [L. S.], 1932:88, Fig. 94, Alosa bulgarica Drensky [P.], 1934:79 (German p. 85), Fig. 1, Clupeonella caspia delicatula Svetovidov [A. N.], 1941:808, Caspialosa knipowitschi Iljin [B. S.], 1927:69, Caspialosa caspia var. persica Iljin [B. S.], 1927:72, Caspialosa caspia salina Svetovidov [A. N.], 1936:51, Caspialosa caspio knipowitschi natio saraica Berg [L. S.], 1948:144] Notes: [Bulletin of Moscow Society of Naturalists. v. 11; ref ] Caspian Sea. Current status: Valid as Alosa caspia (Eichwald, 1838). Clupeidae: Clupeinae. Distribution: Caspian Sea basin. (aestuarina) [Les poissons des eaux douces de l'u.r.s.s. Part 1; ref. 278] Northern Caspian Sea, Russia.

9 Current status: Synonym of Alosa caspia (Eichwald, 1838). Clupeidae: Clupeinae. Distribution: Russia. (bulgarica) [Bulgarian shad (author)] [Izvestija na Carskite Prirodonaucni Instituti va Sofija = Mitteilungen aus den Königlichen Naturwissenschaftlichen Instituten in Sofia, Bulgraien = Bulletin des Institutions Royales d'histoire Naturelle à Sofia, Bulgarie v. 7; ref ] Lower Resovska River, south of Burgas, Bulgaria coasts of the Black Sea. Current status: Synonym of Alosa caspia (Eichwald, 1838). Clupeidae: Clupeinae. Distribution: Subspecies is a Bulgarian endemic. Habitat: freshwater. (delicatula) [C. R. (Doklady) Acad. Sci. URSS v. 31 (no. 8); ref ] Volga Delta, Russia, Caspian Sea. Current status: Synonym of Alosa caspia (Eichwald, 1838). Clupeidae: Clupeinae. Distribution: Caspian Sea basin. (knipowitschi) [Festschrift für Prof. N. M. Knipowitsch, ; ref ] Southwestern Caspian Sea, Iran. Current status: Synonym of Alosa caspia (Eichwald, 1838). Clupeidae: Clupeinae. (persica) [Festschrift für Prof. N. M. Knipowitsch, ; ref ] Astrabad Bay, southeastern Caspian Sea, Iran. Current status: Synonym of Alosa caspia (Eichwald, 1838). Clupeidae: Clupeinae. (salina) [C. R. (Doklady) Acad. Sci. URSS v. 1 (no. 1); ref ] Mertvyi Kultuk and Kaydak bays, northeastern Caspian Sea. Current status: Synonym of Alosa caspia (Eichwald, 1838). Clupeidae: Clupeinae. (saraica) [Freshwater fishes of the U.S.S.R. No. 27; ref ] Current status: Synonym of Alosa caspia (Eichwald, 1838). Clupeidae: Clupeinae. Species Alosa chrysochloris (Rafinesque, 1820) - blue herring, skipjack shad [=Pomolobus chrysochloris Rafinesque [C. S.], 1820:171] Notes: [Western Revue and Miscellaneous Magazine v. 2 (no. 3); ref. 7309] Ohio River, U.S.A. Current status: Valid as Alosa chrysochloris (Rafinesque, 1820). Clupeidae: Clupeinae. Distribution: East-central U.S.A. Species Alosa curensis (Suvorov, 1907) - Kura shad

10 [=Clupea (Alosa) curensis Suvorov [E. K.], 1907:162 [24], Fig. 4] Notes: [Trudy Kasp. Exped v. 1; ref ] Southern Caspian Sea, near mouth of Kura River, Azerbaijan. Current status: Valid as Alosa curensis (Suvorov, 1907). Clupeidae: Clupeinae. Distribution: Caspian Sea. Habitat: brackish. Species Alosa fallax (Lacépède, 1803) - Twait shad [=Clupea fallax Lacepède [B. G. E.], 1803:424, 452, Clupea alosa var. elongata de la Pylaie [A. J. M. baron B.], 1835:533, Clupea finta Cuvier [G.], 1829:320, Alosa squamopinnata Couch [J.], 1865:123, Pl. 206 (fig. 1)] Notes: [Histoire naturelle des poissons (Lacepéde) v. 5; ref. 4930] Seine River at Rouen, France. Current status: Valid as Alosa fallax (Lacepède, 1803). Clupeidae: Clupeinae. Distribution: Baltic Sea, North Sea, eastern North Atlantic and adjacent estuaries. (elongata) [Congrès Scientifique de France v. 2 (Sept. 1834) (art. 5); ref. 1086] Current status: Synonym of Alosa fallax (Lacepède, 1803). Clupeidae. (finta) [Le Règne Animal (Edition 2) v. 2; ref. 995] "jusque dans le Nil." Current status: Synonym of Alosa fallax (Lacepède, 1803). Clupeidae: Clupeinae. Habitat: freshwater. (squamopinnata) [The history of the fishes of the British islands v. 4; ref ] Bristol, England. Current status: Synonym of Alosa fallax (Lacepède, 1803). Clupeidae: Clupeinae. Species Alosa immaculata Bennett, Pontic shad [=Alosa immaculata Bennett [E. T.], 1835:92, Alosa kessleri pontica natio borysthenis Pavlov [P. I.], 1959:32, Fig. 10, Caspialosa pontica morpha chtamalocephala Isachenko [V. L.], 1925:110, 116, Alosa pontica var. danubii Antipa [G.], 1904:300, Caspialosa pontica morpha hypselocephala Isachenko [V. L.], 1925:113, 116, Caspialosa pontica hypselocephala Fowler [H. W.], 1973:236, Alosa kessleri pontica natio issatschenkovi Pavlov [P. I.], 1959:36,

11 Alosa kessleri pontica natio moriaac Pavlov [P. I.], 1959:38, Alosa pontica var. nigrescens Antipa [G.], 1904:300, Alosa pontica var. russac Antipa [G.], 1904:301] Notes: [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1835 (pt 3); ref ] Near Trabzon [Trebizond], Turkey, Black Sea. Current status: Valid as Alosa immaculata Bennett, Clupeidae: Clupeinae. Distribution: Black Sea, Azov Sea and adjacent watersheds. (borysthenis) [Inst. Akad. Nauk. USSR, Kiev; ref ] Infrasubspecific, not available; from lower Dnieper River, Ukraine. Current status: Synonym of Alosa immaculata Bennett, Clupeidae: Clupeinae. (chtamalocephala) [Trudy Vseukrainskoj Gosudarstvennoj Cernomorsko-Azovskoj Naucno-Promyslovoj Opytnoj Stancii; = Arbelten der All-Ukranischen Wissenschaftlich-Praktischen Staats-Station des Schwarzen und Asow Meeres, Narodnyj Komissariat Zemiedelija Ukrainskoj SSR v. 1; ref ] Dnieper River at Otchakov, Ukraine. Current status: Synonym of Alosa immaculata Bennett, Clupeidae: Clupeinae. (danubii) [Anzeiger der Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien v. 41 (no. 19); ref. 129] Northwest coast of Black Sea and lower Danube [Donau] River Romania. Current status: Synonym of Alosa immaculata Bennett, Clupeidae: Clupeinae. (hypselocephala) [Trudy Vseukrainskoj Gosudarstvennoj Cernomorsko-Azovskoj Naucno-Promyslovoj Opytnoj Stancii; = Arbelten der All-Ukranischen Wissenschaftlich-Praktischen Staats-Station des Schwarzen und Asow Meeres, Narodnyj Komissariat Zemiedelija Ukrainskoj SSR v. 1; ref ] Current status: Synonym of Alosa immaculata Bennett, Clupeidae: Clupeinae. (hypselocephala F) [Quarterly Journal of the Taiwan Museum (Taipei) v. 26 (nos 3/4); ref. 9329] Mouth of Dnieper River, Otchakov, Ukraine. Current status: Synonym of Alosa immaculata Bennett, Clupeidae: Clupeinae. (issatschenkovi) [Inst. Akad. Nauk. USSR, Kiev; ref ] Infrasubspecific, not available; from Dniepr River, Ukraine. Current status: Synonym of Alosa immaculata Bennett, Clupeidae: Clupeinae. (moriaac) [Inst. Akad. Nauk. USSR, Kiev; ref ] Current status: Synonym of Alosa immaculata Bennett, Clupeidae: Clupeinae. (nigrescens) [Anzeiger der Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien v. 41 (no. 19); ref. 129] Northwest coast of Black Sea and lower Danube [Donau] River, Romania. Current status: Synonym of Alosa immaculata Bennett, Clupeidae: Clupeinae.

12 (russac) [Anzeiger der Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien v. 41 (no. 19); ref. 129] Danube [Donau] River estuary, Romania. Current status: Synonym of Alosa immaculata Bennett, Clupeidae: Clupeinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine Species Alosa kessleri (Grimm, 1887) - blackback, Caspian anadromous shad [=Clupea kessleri Grimm [O. von], 1887:7, 16, Caspialosa volgensis bergi Tanassiychuk [N. P.], 1940:103] Notes: [Sel'skoe khozyaistvo i lesovodstvo 1887 (no. 2); ref ] Volga River delta, Astrakhan. Current status: Valid as Alosa kessleri (Grimm, 1887). Clupeidae: Clupeinae. Distribution: Caspian Sea basin. (bergi) [C. R. Acad. Sci. Moscow v. 26 (no. 1); ref ] Near villiage of Nikolskoye, 240 kilometers above Astrakhan, Volga Delta, northern Caspian Sea, Russia. Current status: Synonym of Alosa kessleri (Grimm, 1887). Clupeidae: Clupeinae. Species Alosa killarnensis Regan, Killarney shad, goureen [=Alosa finta killarnensis Regan [C. T.], 1916:9] Notes: [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 8) v. 18 (no. 103); ref ] Killarney Lake, Ireland. Current status: Valid as Alosa killarnensis Regan, Clupeidae: Clupeinae. Distribution: Killarney Lake, Ireland. Habitat: freshwater. Species Alosa macedonica (Vinciguerra, 1921) - liparia, Macedonian shad [=Clupea macedonica Vinciguerra [D.], 1921:325 [4], Pl. 4 (fig. 2)] Notes: [Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova (Serie 3). v. 9 (no. 49); ref ] Lake Besikia [Volvi], Macedonia, Greece. Current status: Valid as Alosa macedonica (Vinciguerra, 1921). Clupeidae: Clupeinae. Distribution: Lakes Volvi and Koronia, Greece. Habitat: freshwater. Species Alosa maeotica (Grimm, 1901) - Black Sea shad

13 [=Clupea maeotica Grimm [O. von], 1901:67, Caspialosa brauneri Nikolskii [A. M.], 1923:5, Caspialosa brauneri morpha elongata Isachenko [V. L.], 1925:128, Alosa brashnikovi maeotica natio kertschi Pavlov [P. I.] (ex Grimm), 1959: ] Notes: [Vestnik Rybopromyshlennosti v. 16 (no. 2); ref ] Kerch Strait, between Black and Azov seas. Current status: Valid as Alosa maeotica (Grimm, 1901). Clupeidae: Clupeinae. Distribution: Basins of Black Sea and Sea of Azov. (brauneri) [Byulleten Vseukr. Gosud. Chernomorski-azov. Nauchno-promysl. v. 8-9; ref ] Near Dniestr River mouth, northwestern Black Sea, Ukraine. Current status: Synonym of Alosa maeotica (Grimm, 1901). Clupeidae: Clupeinae. (elongata) [Trudy Vseukrainskoj Gosudarstvennoj Cernomorsko-Azovskoj Naucno-Promyslovoj Opytnoj Stancii; = Arbelten der All-Ukranischen Wissenschaftlich-Praktischen Staats-Station des Schwarzen und Asow Meeres, Narodnyj Komissariat Zemiedelija Ukrainskoj SSR v. 1; ref ] Current status: Synonym of Alosa maeotica (Grimm, 1901). Clupeidae: Clupeinae. (kertschi) [Inst. Akad. Nauk. USSR, Kiev; ref ] Current status: Synonym of Alosa maeotica (Grimm, 1901). Clupeidae: Clupeinae. Species Alosa mediocris (Mitchill, 1814) - bonejack, Hickory shad [=Clupea mediocris Mitchill [S. L.], 1814:20, Alosa lineata Storer [D. H.], 1848:242, Clupea mattowaca Mitchill [S. L.], 1815:451, Pl. 5 (fig. 8), Clupea viridescens DeKay [J. E.], 1842:252] Notes: [Report, in part, of Samuel L. Mitchill; ref. 3030] New York, U.S.A. Current status: Valid as Alosa mediocris (Mitchill, 1814). Clupeidae: Clupeinae. Distribution: Western North Atlantic: Atlantic coast from Canada to Florida. (lineata) [Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History v. 2 ( ); ref ] Provincetown, Massachusetts, U.S.A. Current status: Synonym of Alosa mediocris (Mitchill, 1814). Clupeidae: Clupeinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine (mattowaca) [Transactions of the Literary and Philosophical Society of New-York v. 1 (art. 5) (for 1814); ref ] Long Island, New York, U.S.A.

14 Current status: Synonym of Alosa mediocris (Mitchill, 1814). Clupeidae: Clupeinae. (viridescens) [Zoology of New-York; ref. 1098] New York, U.S.A. Current status: Synonym of Alosa mediocris (Mitchill, 1814). Clupeidae: Clupeinae. Species Alosa pontica (Eichwald, 1838) - Black Sea shad, pontic shad [=Clupea pontica Eichwald [C. E. von], 1838:135, Clupea eichwaldii Grimm [O. von], 1901:67, Alosa pontica var. moriac Antipa [G.], 1909] Notes: [Bulletin of Moscow Society of Naturalists. v. 11; ref ] Near Odessa, Ukraine, Black Sea. Current status: Valid as Alosa pontica (Eichwald, 1838). Clupeidae: Clupeinae. Distribution: Sea of Azov and Black Sea. (eichwaldii) [Vestnik Rybopromyshlennosti v. 16 (no. 2); ref ] Azov Sea, Russia. Current status: Synonym of Alosa pontica (Eichwald, 1838). Clupeidae: Clupeinae. (moriac) [Publicatiuniule fondului Vasilie Adamachi, Academia Româna [Fauna ichtiologica a romaniei, de dr. Gr. Antipa]. v. 3 (no. 16); ref ] Current status: Synonym of Alosa pontica (Eichwald, 1838). Clupeidae: Clupeinae. Species Alosa pseudoharengus (Wilson, 1811) - alewife, gaspereau, kiack [=Clupea pseudoharengus Wilson [A.], 1811:"CLU", Clupea megalops Rafinesque [C. S.], 1818:206, Clupea parvula Mitchill [S. L.], 1814:20, Meletta venosa Valenciennes [A.], in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1847:374, Clupea vernalis Mitchill [S. L.], 1815:454, Pl. 5 (fig. 9), Clupea virescens DeKay [J. E.], 1842:252, Pl. 13 (fig. 37)] Notes: [The Cyclopedic; or, universal dictionary of arts, sciences, and letters. v. 9; ref ] Probably Delaware River at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.A. Current status: Valid as Alosa pseudoharengus (Wilson, 1811). Clupeidae: Clupeinae. Distribution: Eastern North America: Labrador to South Carolina(U.S.A.) and the Great Lakes; introduced elsewhere.

15 (megalops) [American Monthly Magazine and Critical Review v. 2 (no. 3); ref ] Delaware River, U.S.A. Current status: Synonym of Alosa pseudoharengus (Wilson, 1811). Clupeidae: Clupeinae. (parvula) [Report, in part, of Samuel L. Mitchill; ref. 3030] New York, U.S.A. Current status: Synonym of Alosa pseudoharengus (Wilson, 1811). Clupeidae: Clupeinae. (venosa) [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 20; ref. 1012] New York, U.S.A. Current status: Synonym of Alosa pseudoharengus (Wilson, 1811). Clupeidae: Clupeinae. (vernalis) [Transactions of the Literary and Philosophical Society of New-York v. 1 (art. 5) (for 1814); ref ] New York, U.S.A. Current status: Synonym of Alosa pseudoharengus (Wilson, 1811). Clupeidae: Clupeinae. (virescens) [Zoology of New-York; ref. 1098] Bay of New York, New York, U.S.A. Current status: Synonym of Alosa pseudoharengus (Wilson, 1811). Clupeidae: Clupeinae. Species Alosa sapidissima (Wilson, 1811) - American shad [=Clupea sapidissima Wilson [A.], 1811, Clupea indigena Mitchill [S. L.], 1814:21 [22], Alosa praestabilis DeKay [J. E.], 1842:255, Pl. 15 (fig. 41)] Notes: [The Cyclopedic; or, universal dictionary of arts, sciences, and letters. v. 9; ref ] Probably Delaware River at Philadelphia, Pennslyvania, U.S.A. Current status: Valid as Alosa sapidissima (Wilson, 1811). Clupeidae: Clupeinae. Distribution: Eastern North America: Labrador and Newfoundland to Florida, U.S.A.; introduced into the Pacific, range now from Russia to Mexico; and introduced elsewhere. (indigena) [Report, in part, of Samuel L. Mitchill; ref. 3030] New York, U.S.A. Current status: Synonym of Alosa sapidissima (Wilson, 1811). Clupeidae: Clupeinae. (praestabilis) [Zoology of New-York; ref. 1098] Eastern U.S.A. Current status: Synonym of Alosa sapidissima (Wilson, 1811). Clupeidae: Clupeinae. Species Alosa saposchnikowii Grimm, Saposhnikovi's shad [=Alosa saposchnikowii Grimm [O. von], 1885:2]

16 Notes: [Astrakhanskii Spravochnyi Listok. v. 99 (5 May); ref ] Delta of the Volga River [45.85 N, E], Russia. Current status: Valid as Alosa saposchnikowii Grimm, Clupeidae: Clupeinae. Distribution: Caspian Sea. Habitat: freshwater, brackish. Species Alosa sphaerocephala (Berg, 1913) - Agrakhan shad [=Clupeonella sphaerocephala Berg [L. S.], 1913:20, Pl. 12 (figs. 1, 1a)] Notes: [Maerialy k' Poznaniju russkago rybolovstva, g.u.z.iz., Department' Zemledelija v. 2 (no. 3); ref ] Off Tyuleniy Island, north of Agrakhan Bay, Russia, Caspian Sea. Current status: Valid as Alosa sphaerocephala (Berg, 1913). Clupeidae: Clupeinae. Distribution: Caspian Sea. Habitat: brackish. Species Alosa suworowi (Berg, 1913) - Suworowi shad (author) (no image available - author) [=Clupeonella suworowi Berg [L. S.], 1913:28, Pl. 12 (fig. 2)] Notes: [Maerialy k' Poznaniju russkago rybolovstva, g.u.z.iz., Department' Zemledelija v. 2 (no. 3); ref ] Volga River delta, Russia. Current status: Valid as Alosa suworowi (Berg, 1913). Clupeidae: Clupeinae. Distribution: Russia. Habitat: freshwater, brackish. Species Alosa tanaica (Grimm, 1901) - Azov shad [=Clupea tanaica Grimm [O. von], 1901:67, Alosa caspia tanaica natio asovi Pavlov [P. I.] (ex Grimm), 1959:106, 107, Alosa nordmanni Antipa [G.], 1904:301, Caspialosa tanaica palaeostomi Sadowsky [A.], 1934:139] Notes: [Vestnik Rybopromyshlennosti v. 16 (no. 2); ref ] Don River near Rostov-na-Donu, Russia. Current status: Valid as Alosa tanaica (Grimm, 1901). Clupeidae: Clupeinae. Distribution: Black and Azov seas and adjacent watersheds. (asovi) [Inst. Akad. Nauk. USSR, Kiev; ref ] Current status: Synonym of Alosa tanaica (Grimm, 1901). Clupeidae.

17 (nordmanni) [Anzeiger der Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien v. 41 (no. 19); ref. 129] Danua [Dunay] River near Vilkovo, Ukraine. Current status: Synonym of Alosa tanaica (Grimm, 1901). Clupeidae: Clupeinae. (palaeostomi) [Trudy Zoologicheskogo Sektora, Akademija Nauk SSSR, Zakavkazskij Fillal v. 1; ref ] Palaeostomi Lake, not far from Rionmündung, west Georgia, Eurasia. Current status: Synonym of Alosa tanaica (Grimm, 1901). Clupeidae: Clupeinae. Species Alosa vistonica Economidis & Sinis, Thracian shad [=Alosa caspia vistonica Economidis [P. S.] & Sinis [A. I.], 1986:729, Fig. 3] Notes: [Journal of Natural History v. 20 (no. 3); ref. 8969] Lake Vistonis, Greece. Current status: Valid as Alosa vistonica Economidis & Sinis, Clupeidae: Clupeinae. Distribution: Lake Vistonis, Greece. Habitat: freshwater, brackish. Species Alosa volgensis (Berg, 1913) - Volga shad [=Clupeonella caspia volgensis Berg [L. S.], (ex Meissner), 1913:34, Pl. 5] Notes: [Maerialy k' Poznaniju russkago rybolovstva, g.u.z.iz., Department' Zemledelija v. 2 (no. 3) ref ] Podovskaya tonya near Cherny Yar, mouth of Volga River, Russia. Current status: Valid as Alosa volgensis (Berg, 1913). Clupeidae: Clupeinae. Distribution: Caspian Sea basin. GENUS Amblygaster Bleeker, sardinellas [=Amblygaster Bleeker [P.], 1849:73, Fusiclupea (subgenus of Sardinops) Whitley [G. P.], 1940:401] Notes: [ref. 316]. Fem. Amblygaster clupeoides Bleeker, Type by monotypy. Synonym of Sardinella Valenciennes, 1847 (Svetovidov 1973:103 [ref. 7169]). Valid as Amblygaster Bleeker, (Yoshino in Masuda et al. 1984:19 [ref. 6441], Grande 1985:249 [ref. 6466], Whitehead 1985:86 [ref. 5141], Paxton et al. 1989:152 [ref ], Stephens 1996:475 [ref ], Monroe et al. 1999:1779 [ref ], Paxton et al. 2006:324 [ref ], Kimura in Kimura & Yoshino 2009:28 [ref ], Fricke et al. 2009:21 [ref ]).

18 Current status: Valid as Amblygaster Bleeker, Clupeidae: Clupeinae. (Fusiclupea) [ref. 4699]. Fem. Sardinops dakini Whitley, Type by original designation (also monotypic). Synonym of Amblygaster Bleeker, (Whitehead 1985:86 [ref. 5141]). Current status: Synonym of Amblygaster Bleeker, Clupeidae: Clupeinae. Species Amblygaster clupeoides Bleeker, Bleeker's smoothbelly sardinella, smoothbelly sardinella [=Amblygaster clupeoides Bleeker [P.], 1849:73] Notes: [Journal of the Indian Archipelago and Eastern Asia (Singapore) v. 3; ref. 316] Makassar, Sulawesi, Indonesia, Strait of Makassar, western Pacific. Current status: Valid as Amblygaster clupeoides Bleeker, Clupeidae: Clupeinae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific. Species Amblygaster indiana Mary et al., Mary's sardine (author) [=Amblygaster indiana Mary [A. A.], Balasubramanian [T.], Selvaraju [S.] & Shiny [A.], 2017:464, Figs. 1, 2A, 3-6] Notes: [Zootaxa 4247 (no. 4); ref ] Eraviputhenthurai landing centre, fish market, west coast, India, 11 15'49.26"N, 77 08'11.67"E. Current status: Valid as Amblygaster indiana Mary, Balasubramanian, Selvaraju & Shiny, Clupeidae: Clupeinae. Distribution: West coast of India. Species Amblygaster leiogaster (Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1847) - smooth-belly sardinella, blue sardine, blue sprat, bluebait [=Sardinella leiogaster Valenciennes [A.], in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1847:270, Clupea okinawensis Kishinouye [K.], 1908:96, Pls. 19 (fig. 2), 21 (fig. 5)] Notes: [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 20; ref. 1012] Indian Ocean. Current status: Valid as Amblygaster leiogaster (Valenciennes, 1847). Clupeidae: Clupeinae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: East Africa east to Indonesia, north to Ryukyu Islands, south to Western Australia.

19 (okinawensis) [Journal of the Imperial Fisheries Bureau v. 14 (no. 3); ref ] Okinawa Island, Ryukyu Islands, Japan. Current status: Synonym of Amblygaster leiogaster (Valenciennes, 1847). Clupeidae: Clupeinae. Species Amblygaster sirm (Walbaum, 1792) - spotted sardinella, Northern pilchard, spotted sardine [=Clupea harengus var. sirm Walbaum [J. J.], 1792:38, Sardinops dakini Whitley [G. P.], 1937:114, Sardinella leiogastroides Bleeker [P.], 1854:255, Clupea pinguis Günther [A.], 1872:425] Notes: [Petri Artedi sueci genera piscium Part 3; ref. 4572] [No locality stated] Red Sea. Current status: Valid as Amblygaster sirm (Walbaum, 1792). Clupeidae: Clupeinae. Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East Africa, Seychelles, Madagascar and western Mascarenes east to northern Gilbert Islands (Kiribati), Samoa and Tonga, north to southern Japan, south to Dampier Archipelago (Western Australia), Queensland (Australia) and New Caledonia. Habitat: brackish, marine. (dakini) [Memoirs of the Queensland Museum v. 11 (pt 2); ref. 4689] Thursday Island, northern Queensland, Australia. Current status: Synonym of Amblygaster sirm (Walbaum, 1792). Clupeidae: Clupeinae. Habitat: brackish, marine. (leiogastroides) [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 7; ref. 345] Manado, Sulawesi, Indonesia. Current status: Synonym of Amblygaster sirm (Walbaum, 1792). Clupeidae: Clupeinae. Habitat: brackish, marine (pinguis) [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 4) v. 10 (no. 60) (art,. 60); ref ] Misool [Misol] Island, Irian Jaya, Indonesia. Current status: Synonym of Amblygaster sirm (Walbaum, 1792). Clupeidae: Clupeinae. Habitat: brackish, marine. GENUS Anodontostoma Bleeker, gizzard shads [=Anodontostoma Bleeker [P.], 1849:15, Gonostoma van Hasselt [J. C.], 1823:329] Notes: [ref. 320]. Neut. Anodontostoma hasseltii Bleeker, Type by monotypy. Valid as Anodontostoma Bleeker, (Grande 1985:248 [ref. 6466], Whitehead 1985:252 [ref. 5141], Kottelat 1989:4 [ref ], Paxton et al. 1989:152 [ref ], Rahman 1989:257 [ref ], Monroe et al. 1999:1781 [ref ], Ataur Rahman 2003:281 [ref ], Paxton et al. 2006:325 [ref ], Kimura in Kimura & Yoshino 2009:29 [ref ], Kottelat 2013:58 [ref ]). Current status: Valid as Anodontostoma Bleeker, Clupeidae: Clupeinae.

20 (Gonostoma) [ref. 5105]. Neut. Gonostoma javanicum Hyrtl, Type by monotypy. Proposed in brief description, no species. Objectively invalid; preoccupied by Gonostoma Rafinesque, 1810 in fishes; Bleeker 1849 described as Anodontostoma, with his species hasseltii (with "Gonostoma javanicum K. v. H." in synonymy but never described by them). Apparently Hyrtl 1855 was first to technically add a species to Gonostoma van Hasselt. Questionably in the synonymy of Anodontostoma Bleeker, (Whitehead 1985:252 [ref. 5141]), but in any event preoccupied. In the synonym of Anodontostoma Bleeker, (Kottelat 2013:58 [ref ]). Current status: Synonym of Anodontostoma Bleeker, Clupeidae: Clupeinae. Species Anodontostoma chacunda (Hamilton, 1822) - shortnose gizzard shad, Chacunda gizzard shad [=Clupanodon chacunda Hamilton [F.], 1822:246, 283, Chatoessus chacunda var. altior Günther [A.], 1868:411, Clupanodon chanpole Hamilton [F.], 1822:249, 283, Pl. 18 (fig. 74), Anodontostoma hasseltii Bleeker [P.], 1849:15, Gonostoma javanicum Hyrtl [C. J.], 1855:49, Chatoessus tampo Valenciennes [A.], in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1848:117] Notes: [An account of the fishes found in the river Ganges; ref. 2031] Ganges River estuary, India. Current status: Valid as Anodontostoma chacunda (Hamilton, 1822). Clupeidae: Clupeinae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific. (altior) [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 7; ref. 1990] Ganges,India; Siam, Borneo. Current status: Synonym of Anodontostoma chacunda (Hamilton, 1822). Clupeidae: Clupeinae. Habitat: freshwater. (chanpole) [An account of the fishes found in the river Ganges; ref. 2031] Bengal. Current status: Synonym of Anodontostoma chacunda (Hamilton, 1822). Clupeidae: Clupeinae. (hasseltii) [Verhandelingen van het Bataviaasch Genootschap van Kunsten en Wetenschappen. v. 22 [8]; ref. 320] Madura Straits near Kammal and Surabaya; seas near Jakarta, Semarang, etc., Java, Indonesia. Current status: Synonym of Anodontostoma chacunda (Hamilton, 1822). Clupeidae: Clupeinae. (javanicum) [Denkschriften der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe. v. 10 (1 Abth.); ref ] Java, Indonesia. Current status: Synonym of Anodontostoma chacunda (Hamilton, 1822). Clupeidae: Clupeinae. (tampo) [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 21; ref. 1013] No locality.

21 Current status: Synonym of Anodontostoma chacunda (Hamilton, 1822). Clupeidae: Clupeinae. Species Anodontostoma selangkat (Bleeker, 1852) - Indonesian gizzard shad [=Chatoessus selangkat Bleeker [P.], 1852:47, Chatoessus breviceps Peters [W. (C. H.)], 1877:848] Notes: [Verhandelingen van het Bataviaasch Genootschap van Kunsten en Wetenschappen. v. 24 (8); ref ] Jakarta, Java, Indonesia. Current status: Valid as Anodontostoma selangkat (Bleeker, 1852). Clupeidae: Clupeinae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific. Habitat: brackish, marine. (breviceps) [Monatsberichte der Königlichen Preuss[ischen] Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin 1876; ref. 3454] New Hannover, Bismarck Archipelago, western Pacific. Current status: Synonym of Anodontostoma selangkat (Bleeker, 1852). Clupeidae. Habitat: brackish, marine Species Anodontostoma thailandiae Wongratana, Thai gizzard shad [=Anodontostoma thailandiae Wongratana [T.], 1983:394, Fig. 11] Notes: [Japanese Journal of Ichthyology v. 29 (no. 4); ref. 8265] Songkhla, Gulf of Thailand. Current status: Valid as Anodontostoma thailandiae Wongratana, Clupeidae: Clupeinae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific. Habitat: brackish, marine. GENUS Brevoortia Gill, menhaden, mossbunker, bunker, pogy [=Brevoortia Gill [T. N.], 1861:37] Notes: [ref. 1767]. Fem. Brevoortia menhaden of Gill 1861 (= Clupea menhaden Mitchill, 1814). Type by original designation (also monotypic). Brevoortia menhaden Gill is a new combination, Clupea menhaden Mitchill is the senior objective synonym and valid type species. Valid as Brevoortia Gill, (Grande 1985:249 [ref. 6466], Whitehead 1985:210 [ref. 5141], Castro-Aguirre et al. 1999:106 [ref ], Munroe & Nizinski 2003:806 [ref ]). Current status: Valid as Brevoortia Gill, Clupeidae: Clupeinae. Species Brevoortia aurea (Spix & Agassiz, 1829) - Brazilian menhaden, lacha

22 [=Clupanodon aureus Spix [J. B. von] & Agassiz [L.], 1829:52, Pl. 21] Notes: [Reise nach Griechenland und der Türkei; ref. 13] Brazil. Current status: Valid as Brevoortia aurea (Spix & Agassiz, 1829). Clupeidae: Clupeinae. Distribution: Southwestern Atlantic: Brazil. Species Brevoortia gunteri Hildebrand, finescale menhaden [=Brevoortia gunteri Hildebrand [S. F.], 1948:31, Fig. 7] Notes: [Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections v. 107 (no. 18); ref ] Aransas Bay, Rockport, Texas, U.S.A. Current status: Valid as Brevoortia gunteri Hildebrand, Clupeidae: Clupeinae. Distribution: Western Atlantic. Species Brevoortia patronus Goode, Gulf menhaden [=Brevoortia patronus Goode [G. B.], 1878:39] Notes: [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 1 (no. 15); ref ] Brazos Santiago, Texas, U.S.A. Current status: Valid as Brevoortia patronus Goode, Clupeidae: Clupeinae. Distribution: Western Atlantic. Species Brevoortia pectinata (Jenyns, 1842) - Argentine menhaden [=Alosa pectinata Jenyns [L.], 1842:135, Pl. 25] Notes: [The zoology of the voyage of H. M. S. Beagle; ref. 2344] Bahia Blanca, northern Patagonia. Current status: Valid as Brevoortia pectinata (Jenyns, 1842). Clupeidae: Clupeinae. Distribution: Southwestern Atlantic. Habitat: brackish, marine. Species Brevoortia smithi Hildebrand, yellowfin menhaden

23 [=Brevoortia smithi Hildebrand [S. F.], 1941:224] Notes: [Copeia 1941 (no. 4); ref ] Vicinity of Beaufort, North Carolina, U.S.A. Current status: Valid as Brevoortia smithi Hildebrand, Clupeidae: Clupeinae. Distribution: Western Atlantic. Habitat: brackish, marine. Species Brevoortia tyrannus (Latrobe, 1802) - Atlantic menhaden [=Clupea tyrannus Latrobe [B. H.], 1802:77, Brevoortia tyrannus var. brevicaudata Goode [G. B.], 1878:34, Clupea carolinensis Gronow [L. T.], in Gray, 1854:140, Clupea menhaden Mitchill [S. L.], 1814:21, Clupea neglecta Rafinesque [C. S.], 1818:206, Clupea vigintiradiata Larrañaga [D. A.], 1923:389] Notes: [Transactions of the American Philosophical Society v. 5 (art. 10); ref ] Chesapeake Bay, northeastern U.S.A. Current status: Valid as Brevoortia tyrannus (Latrobe, 1802). Clupeidae: Clupeinae. Distribution: Western Atlantic. Habitat: brackish, marine. (brevicaudata) [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 1 (no. 15); ref ] Noank, Connecticut, U.S.A. Current status: Synonym of Brevoortia tyrannus (Latrobe, 1802). Clupeidae: Clupeinae. Habitat: brackish, marine. (carolinensis) [Catalogue of fish collected and described by Laurence Theodore Gronow; ref. 1911] Central Carolina, U.S.A. Current status: Synonym of Brevoortia tyrannus (Latrobe, 1802). Clupeidae: Clupeinae. Habitat: brackish, marine (menhaden) [Report, in part, of Samuel L. Mitchill; ref. 3030] Coast of New York, U.S.A. Current status: Synonym of Brevoortia tyrannus (Latrobe, 1802). Clupeidae: Clupeinae. Habitat: brackish, marine. (neglecta) [American Monthly Magazine and Critical Review v. 2 (no. 3); ref ] Long Island, New York, U.S.A. Current status: Synonym of Brevoortia tyrannus (Latrobe, 1802). Clupeidae: Clupeinaeidae. Habitat: brackish, marine. (vigintiradiata) [Escritos de Don Dámaso Antonio Larrañaga v. 2; ref ] Uruguay. Current status: Synonym of Brevoortia tyrannus (Latrobe, 1802). Clupeidae: Clupeinae. Habitat: brackish, marine. GENUS Clupanodon Lacepède, gizzard shads [=Clupanodon Lacepède [B. G. E.], 1803:468, Thrissa Rafinesque [C. S.], 1815:88]

24 Notes: [ref. 4930]. Masc. Clupea thrissa Linnaeus, Type by subsequent designation. Type apparently designated first by Bleeker 1872:112 [ref. 428], not by Jordan & Gilbert 1883:574 (see Regan 1917:308 [ref. 3665]) or by others (see Whitehead 1967:98 [ref. 6464], Whitehead 1985:238 [ref. 5141]). Valid as Clupanodon Lacepède, (Grande 1985:248 [ref. 6466], Whitehead 1985:238 [ref. 5141], Kottelat 1989:4 [ref ], Kuang in Pan et al. 1991:33 [ref ], Monroe et al. 1999:1781 [ref ], Kottelat 2013:58 [ref ]). Current status: Valid as Clupanodon Lacepède, Clupeidae: Clupeinae. (Thrissa) [ref. 3584]. Fem. Clupea thrissa Linnaeus, Type by being a replacement name. As "Thrissa R. [Rafinesque] Clupanodon Lac. [Lacepède]." Available replacement name for and objective synonym of Clupanodon Lacepède, Synonym of Clupanodon Lacepède, (Whitehead 1985:238 [ref. 5141], Kottelat 2013:58 [ref ]). Current status: Synonym of Clupanodon Lacepède, Clupeidae. Species Clupanodon thrissa (Linnaeus, 1758) - Chinese gizzard shad [=Clupea thrissa Linnaeus [C.], 1758:318, Chatoessus chrysopterus Richardson [J.], 1846:308, Clupanodon haihoensis Oshima [M.], 1926:3, Chatoessus maculatus Richardson [J.] (ex Gray), 1846:308, Chatoessus osbeckii Valenciennes [A.], in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1848:106, Clupea triza Linnaeus [C.], 1759:251] Notes: [Systema Naturae, Ed. X v. 1; ref. 2787] Indian Ocean. Current status: Valid as Clupanodon thrissa (Linnaeus, 1758). Clupeidae: Clupeinae. Distribution: Western Pacific. (chrysopterus) [Report of the British Association for the Advancement of Science 15th meeting [1845]; ref. 3742] Chinese sea. Current status: Synonym of Clupanodon thrissa (Linnaeus, 1758). Clupeidae: Clupeinae. (haihoensis) [Annotationes Zoologicae Japonenses v. 11 (no. 1); ref. 3314] Haiho, Hainan Island, China. Current status: Synonym of Clupanodon thrissa (Linnaeus, 1758). Clupeidae: Clupeinae. (maculatus) [Report of the British Association for the Advancement of Science 15th meeting [1845]; ref. 3742] Canton, China; Chinese Seas. Current status: Synonym of Clupanodon thrissa (Linnaeus, 1758). Clupeidae: Clupeinae. (osbeckii) [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 21; ref. 1013] Coasts of China. Current status: Synonym of Clupanodon thrissa (Linnaeus, 1758). Clupeidae: Clupeinae.