Developments in environmental biology of fishes 12. Series Editor EUGENE K. BALON

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1 Developments in environmental biology of fishes 12 Series Editor EUGENE K. BALON

2 The biology of Latimeria chalumnae and evolution of coelacanths

3 The biology of Latimeria chalumnae and evolution of coelacanths Editors: JOHN A. MUSICK, MICHAEL N. BRUTON & EUGENE K. BALON Reprinted from Environmental biology offishes 32 (1-4), 1991 with addition of species and subject index Springer-Science+Business Media, B.V.

4 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data The biology of Latimeria chalumnae and evolution of coelacanthsl editors, John A. Musick, Michael N. Bruton & Eugene K. Balon. p. cm. - (Developments in environmental biology of fishes: 12) Reprinted from Environmental biology of fishes 32 (1-4), lncludes bibliographical references and indexes. ISBN ISBN (ebook) DOI / Coelacanth. 2. Coelacanth-Evolution. r. Musick, John A. II. Bruton, M. N. (Michael N.) III. Balon, Eugene K. IV. Series. QL638.L26BS '.46--dc ISBN Cover design by using the posterior part of a drawing (p. 7) by Sarah Landry AII Rights Reserved 1991 by Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht Originally published by Kluwer Academic Publishers in 1991 No part of the material protected by this copyright notice may be reproduced or utilized in any form or hy any means, electronic or mechanical includ ing photocopying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system, without written permission from the copyright owncr

5 Contents Prelude: the mystery of a persistent life form, by E.K. Balon Introduction: the recent chronology and contributions, by J.A. Musick, M.N. Bruton & E.K. Balon 15 Systematics and evolution Patterns, trends, and rates of evolution within the Actinistia, by R. Cloutier Diversity of extinct and living actinistian fishes (Sarcopterygii), by R. Cloutier & P.L. Forey Latimeria chalumnae and its pedigree, by P.L. Forey A phylogenetic analysis of the 18S ribosomal RNA sequence of the coelacanth Latimeria chalumnae, by D.w. Stock, K.D. Moberg, L.R. Maxson & G.S. Whitt The relationships of the coelacanth Latimeria chalumnae: evidence from sequences of vertebrate 28S ribosomal RNA genes, by D.M. Hillis, M.T Dixon & L.K. Ammerman Central nervous system myelin proteins of the coelacanth Latimeria chalumnae: phylogenetic implications, by TV. Waehneldt, J. Malotka, G. Jeserich & J.-M. Matthieu Morphology and physiology Innervation of the basicranial muscle of Latimeria chalumnae, by W.E. Bemis & R.G. Northcutt 147 Computed Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging studies of Latimeria chalumnae, by H.-P. Schultze & R. Cloutier CT scan reconstruction of the palate region of Latimeria chalumnae, by H.-P. Schultze Enzymes of the coelacanth Latimeria chalumnae evidenced by starch gel electrophoresis, by A.L. Setter & G.W. Brown, Jf Guppies, toadfish, lungfish, coelacanths and frogs: a scenario for the evolution of urea retention in fishes, by R.W. Griffith Urea and chloride sensitivities of coelacanth hemoglobin, by c.p. Mangum Reproduction, feeding and parasites Viviparity and the maternal-embryonic relationship in the coelacanth Latimeria chalumnae, by J.P. Wourms, J.w. Atz & M.D. Stribling Probable evolution of the coelacanth's reproductive style: lecithotrophy and orally feeding embryos in cichlid fishes and in Latimeria chalumnae, by E.K. Balon Observations on locomotion and feeding of released coelacanths, Latimeria chalumnae, by T Uyeno 267 Stomach contents of Latimeria chalumnae and further notes on its feeding habits, by T Uyeno & T. Tsutsumi Juvenile anisakine parasites from the coelacanth Latimeria chalumnae, by D.A. Thoney & W.J. Hargis, Jr Ecology and conservation Habitat and population size of the coelacanth Latimeria chalumnae at Grand Comoro, by H. Fricke, K. Hissmann, J. Schauer, O. Reinicke, L. Kasang & R. Plante The demography of the coelacanth Latimeria chalumnae, by M.N. Bruton & M.J. Armstrong..., 301 The ecology and conservation of the coelacanth Latimeria chalumnae, by M.N. Bruton & R.E. Stobbs 313 The fishery of the Comoros, with comments on its possible impact on coelacanth survival, by R.E. Stobbs & M.N. Bruton... "

6 6 Occurrence of organochlorine contaminants in tissues ofthe coelacanth Latimeria chalumnae, by R.c. Hale, J. Greaves, J.L. Gundersen & R.F. Mothershead II Inventory and bibliography An inventory of all known specimens of the coelacanth Latimeria chalumnae, with comments on trends in the catches, by M.N. Bruton & S.E. Coutouvidis Literature relating to fossil coelacanths, by P.L. Forey & R. Cloutier Bibliography of the living coelacanth Latimeria chalumnae, with comments on publication trends, by M.N. Bruton, S.E. Coutouvidis & J. Pote Species and subject index This pencil drawing on rag vellum by Sarah Landry (original 95 x 49 cm) is a composite ofthe Harvard University's specimen CCC no. 47 (for details), photographs ofliving individuals by Hans Fricke, and the photograph of a cast by Herbert Axelrod. Sarah Landry of Arlington, Massachusetts, is the author of animal societies illustrations in E.O. Wilson's Sociobiology ;;..

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8 The coelacanth perestroika Nina Riabova, age 10, painted this Latimeria motherand child-picture the night after she listened to Eugene Balon's lecture and saw Mike Vincent's film The Story of the Coelacanth' (Moscow, June 1990). She attended the coelacanth lecture with her father, Igor Riabov, who is himself an accomplished artist and the head of the NPP Ecological Monitoring Team (Chernobyl) of the A.N. Severtsov Institute of Evolutionary Morphology and Ecology of Animals, USSR Academy of Sciences.